高中英语语法专题:句子概述讲解

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高中英语语法——句子成分详解(高考专用)

高中英语语法——句子成分详解(高考专用)

高中英语语法——句子成分详解句子成分概述英语在其长期发展过程中形成了一种相对固定的句子结构:“主语+谓语”,这与汉语是相似的。

“主语”是句子的话题,是信息传递的出发点;“谓语”是对话题所作的说明,是说话人说要传递的信息。

试观察下列句子:主语谓语I am a Chinese boy.Mary has two best friendsSeeing is believing .To do is harder than to say.We wish you success!从上述例子可以看出,作为句子的话题,主语通常是一些事物性或实体性的词,否则,主语便不能成为句子的话题,不能成为信息传递的出发点。

所以,主语通常是个名词、名词词组、或者相当于名词(词组)的语法结构。

而谓语是对主语所做的说明,它指出主语所表示的事物或概念是或不是什么,有或没有什么,要或不要什么,做了或未作什么等等。

因此,谓语通常是述说性的,他能说明情况,表达意愿,评判美丑,分辨是非。

所以,谓语通常由动词或动词词组来担任,而且谓语部分在结构上通常要比主语长一些或者更复杂一些。

英语句子的谓语是动词性的,这就是说,谓语是以动词为中心的。

而在汉语中,谓语有的是:①动词性的,如:“我去北京。

猫吃老鼠”;但也有:②名词性的,如:“那张桌子四条腿。

今天星期一。

”如果硬说“有三条腿、是星期一”,在汉语中反倒不自然。

可是,倘用英语来表达这些句子,则必须有个动词;在汉语中还有:③形容词性谓语,就是直接拿形容词作谓语,不带任何动词,如:“那孩子聪明。

那件事危险。

”,就用不着动词。

但诸如此类的句子用英语去表达,可千万别忘了动词。

“The boy is clever. That matter is dangerous.”由此可见,在汉语中,名词和形容词都可以独立作谓语,但在英语中却不可以。

下面我们就从主语和谓语入手详细剖析英语的句子成分。

句子成分的定义:组成一个句子的各个部分,叫做句子成分。

高中英语语法之句子成分

高中英语语法之句子成分

高中英语语法之句子成分句子成分(概述)一、主语:主语是一个句子的主体,一般位于句首。

名词(短语)、代词、数词、不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)、从句(名词性从句里会细讲主语从句)等均可作主语。

*Alight wind disturbed the surface of the water. 微风使水面泛起涟漪(名词短语作主语)*Nobodycan help you except yourself. 除了你自己没人能帮你。

(代词作主语)*Two-thirdsof them can play more than two musical instruments.他们中三分之二会演奏两种以上乐器。

(数词做主语)*Therich are not always happier than the poor. 有钱人并不一定比穷人快乐。

(名词化的形容词作主语,注意the+形容词表一类人,谓语用复数。

主谓一致会详细讲解)*Togo to bed early and to get up early is a good habit.早睡早起是一种好习惯。

(不定式短语作主语,“To go to bed earlyand to get up early 早睡早起”表示同一概念,谓语用单数。

)*Travellingabroad is popular these years. 近年来出国旅游很流行。

(动词-ing形式短语作主语)*Wheneveryou come will be fine. 你无论何时来都可以。

(从句作主语)二、谓语:用来描述主语的行为动作或所处的状态,一般位于主语之后,由动词或动词短语充当,且谓语有人称、数、时态和语态等的变化。

(详细参考“主语与动词”笔记)*Lindaworked for the company for two years.*Theold man must be sent to hospital at once.*Ihave tried this way three times.*Whathappened last night?*Iwould like to invite all my friends here.*Ourschool becomes more beautiful.三、宾语:1. 定义:宾语是动作的承受者,一般位于及物动词之后。

高考英语句子成分与句子结构专项讲解

高考英语句子成分与句子结构专项讲解

高考英语句子成分与句子结构专项讲解一、考点分析(考查形式:语法填空,句子翻译,及阅读中对句子的理解)二、专题详解Sentence Structure 句子成分练习①The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom.②There is an old man coming here.③The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.④To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult.(一) ①teacher ②man ③dictionary ④To do①I don't like the picture on the wall.A. don'tB. likeC. pictureD. wall②The days get longer and longer when summer comes.A. getB. longerC. daysD. summer③Do you usually go to school by bus?A. DoB. usuallyC. goD. bus④There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.A. will beB. meetingC. the libraryD. afternoon⑤Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast?A. DidB. twinsC. haveD. breakfast⑥Tom didn't do his homework yesterday.A. TomB. didn'tC. doD. his homework⑦What I want to tell you is this.A. wantB. to tellC. youD. is⑧We had better send for a doctor.A. WeB. hadC. sendD. doctor⑨He is interested in music.A. isB. interestedC. inD. music⑩Whom did you give my book to?A. giveB. didC. whomD. book(二) ①B ②A ③C ④A ⑤C ⑥C ⑦D ⑧C ⑨A ⑩A①The old man was feeling very tired.②Why is he worried about Jim?③The leaves have turned yellow.④Soon They all became interested in the subject.⑤She was the first to learn about it.①tired②worried ③yellow④interested ⑤the first①They use Mr. Mrs. with the family name.②What is your given name?③On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3.④I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor.⑤The man downstairs was trying to sleep.⑥I am waiting for the sound of the other shoe!①with the family name②given ③third④afraid ⑤downstairs ⑥of theother shoe①My brother hasn't done his homework.②People all over the world speak English.③You must pay good attention to your pronunciation.④How many new words did you learn last class?⑤Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you?⑥The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill.⑦They made him monitor of the class.⑧Go across the bridge and you will find the museum on the left.⑨You will find it useful after you leave school.⑩They didn't know who "Father Christmas" really is.⑾She always thinks of how she can improve her spoken English.⑿Alisa is sorry for what she said.①his homework②English③good attention, your pronunciation④new words ⑤to go ⑥he wasill⑦him ⑧the bridge; the museum ⑨it⑩who "Father Christmas" really is.⑾how she can improve her spoken English ⑿what she said①She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room.②He asked her to take the boy out of school.③She found it difficult to do the work.④They call me Lily sometimes.⑤I saw Mr. Wang get on the bus.⑥Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground just now?①to read②to take ③difficult④Lily ⑤get on ⑥playing①There was a big smile on her face.②Every night he heard the noise upstairs.③He began to learn English when he was eleven.④The man on the motorbike was travelling too fast.⑤With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off.⑥She loves the library because she loves books.⑦I am afraid that if you've lost it, you must pay for it.⑧The students followed Uncle Wang to see the other machine.①On her face②every night ③when he was eleven④too fast⑤With the medicine boxunder her arm⑥because she loves books⑦if you've lost it,⑧to see the other machine①Please tell us a story.②My father bought a new bike for me last week.③Mr. Li is going to teach us history next term.④Here is a pen. Give it to Tom.⑤Did he leave any message for me?⑥He told us once again that the situation was serious.(八) ①us, 间接宾语 a story, 直接宾语②me, 间接宾语a new bike, 直接宾语③us, 间接宾语history, 直接宾语④Tom, 间接宾语it, 直接宾语⑤me, 间接宾语message, 直接宾语⑥us间接宾语;that the situation was serious 直接宾语1. The students got on the school bus.2. He handed me the newspaper.3. I shall answer your question after class.4. What a beautiful Chinese painting!5. They went hunting togetherearly in the morning.6. His job is to train swimmers.7. He took many photos of the palacesin Beijing.8. There is going to be an American film tonight.9. He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow.10. His wish is to become a scientist.11. He managedto finish the work in time.12. Tom came to ask me for advice.13. I have no idea when he was born.14. I don’t know the time when he was born.1、主语,定语;2、间接宾语;3、谓语,状语;4、定语;5、状语,状语;6、定语,表语;7、宾语,状语;8、谓语;9、谓语;10、主语,表语;11、谓语,宾语;12、状语;13 同位语14 定语句子,按结构,分为三类:简单句、并列句和复合句。

译林版高中英语必修第1册 语法精讲①

译林版高中英语必修第1册 语法精讲①
看到这么严肃的一个人开我们的玩笑,真令人吃惊。
(2)谓语(predicate) 谓语用来说明主语所做的动作或主语的特征状态,由行为动词的时 态、语态充当。 ❻He succeeded at last by working hard. 他通过努力工作最后成功了。 ❼He didn't focus his attention on his study last night. 昨天晚上他没有专心学习。 ❽He runs every morning.他每天早上跑步。 ❾The film is interesting.这部电影很有趣。
要发挥潜能,你得努力。(目的状语)
(7)宾语补足语(object complement):位于宾语后,用来补充宾语的
意义。由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、现在分词、过去
分词等充当。
○28 Has he found himself a place to live yet?
他找到地方住了吗?(名词)
(3)宾语(object):宾语表示动作的对象或行为的承受者,一般位于及 物动词(短语)或介词后面,有的动词后面有两个宾语——间接宾语(人) 和直接宾语(物)。可作宾语的词通常有名词、代词、doing、 to do或 者宾语从句。
⑩He loves English.他喜欢英语。 ⑪His teacher praised him for his courage to take up the challenge. 他的老师表扬他接受挑战的勇气。 ⑫He enjoys reading some books.他喜欢看书。 ⑬I don't know whether I can make a difference to these boys. 我不知道会不会对这些男孩产生影响。 ⑭

语法:高中英语句子成分详细解析(教你如何分解英语句子)

语法:高中英语句子成分详细解析(教你如何分解英语句子)

英语句子成分(Members of a Sentence) 详细解析什么叫句子成分呢?句子的组成成分叫句子成分。

在句子中,词与词之间有一定的组合关系,按照不同的关系,可以把句子分为不同的组成成分。

句子成分由词或词组充当。

现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种,即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。

英语的基本成分有七种:主语(subject)、谓语(predicate)、表语(predicative)、宾语(object)、定语(attribute)、状语(adverbial) 和补语(complement)。

英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。

掌握这五种基本句型,是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。

英语五种基本句型列式如下:一:SV(主+谓)二:SVP(主+系+表)三:SVO(主+谓+宾)四:SVoO(主+谓+间宾+直宾)五:SVOC(主+谓+宾+宾补)基本句型一:SV(主+谓)主语:可以作主语的成分有名词(如boy),主格代词(如you),动词不定式,动名词等。

主语一般在句首。

注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家!谓语:谓语由动词构成,是英语时态、语态变化的主角,一般在主语之后。

不及物动词(vi.)没有宾语,形成主谓结构,如:We come.此句型的句子有一个共同特点,即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。

这类动词叫做不及物动词,后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。

S│V(不及物动词)1. The sun │was shining. 太阳在照耀着。

2. The moon │rose. 月亮升起了。

3. The universe │remains. 宇宙长存。

4. We all │breathe, eat, and drink. 我们大家都呼吸、吃和喝。

5. Who │cares? 管它呢?6. What he said │does not matter. 他所讲的没有什么关系。

7. They │talked for half an hour. 他们谈了半个小时。

人教版(2019)高中英语必修第三册unit 3重点句子总结和语法讲解

人教版(2019)高中英语必修第三册unit 3重点句子总结和语法讲解

人教版(2019)高中英语必修第三册unit 3重点句子总结和语法讲解UNIT 3 DIVERSE CULTURES本单元重点句子1.I really like that paper folding book,and my son likes that paper folding book,too.我真的很喜欢那本折纸书,我儿子也喜欢那本折纸书。

2.Find out which words have been left out.找出省略了哪些词。

3.it is even mentioned in the oldest collection of Chinese poetry.……甚至在中国最古老的诗集中也提到了它。

4.Historically,Chinese immigrants settled in the area during the railroad construction and gold rush period.历史上,中国移民在铁路建设和淘金热时期定居在该地区。

5.There is Chinese food to suit everyone’s taste,with traditional dishes from all over China.有适合每个人口味的中餐,有来自中国各地的传统菜肴。

6.Does the city/town introduction contain all the important information?城市的介绍包括所有重要的信息吗?7.I have to admit that it definitely feels good to be back in the city again.我不得不承认,再次回到城市的感觉很好。

8..a city that was able to rebuild itself after the earthquake that occurred in 1906.……一个在1906年地震后能够重建自己的城市。

高考英语语法句子类型及句子成分基础知识点

高考英语语法句子类型及句子成分基础知识点

高考英语语法基础---句子种类分类一.句子种类(按照用途分类)1.陈述句2.祈使句3.感叹句4.疑问句(一般疑问句,特殊疑问句,选择疑问句,反意疑问句。

)具体知识:1.陈述句陈述句(Declarative Sentence)是陈述一个事实或者说话人的看法。

它包括肯定句(The Affirmative Sentence)和否定句(The Negative Sentence)两种。

陈述句在书写时句末用句号,在朗读时用降调。

陈述句的五种基本句型:(1) 主语+连系动词+表语(2) 主语+谓语(不及物动词)(3) 主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语(4) 主语+谓语(及物动词)+间接宾语+直接宾语(5) 主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语+宾语补足语My uncle tells me that the key to his success is honesty.2. 祈使句祈使句常常是表达说话人对对方的劝告、叮嘱、请求或命令等。

因此,祈使句中一般没有主语,但根据其句意,实际上是省略了主语you。

祈使句句末用感叹号或句号,朗读时,常用降调。

在表达请求或劝告时,在祈使句前或句末可加上please,以使句子的语气更加缓和或客气。

祈使句一般没有时态的变化,也不能与情态动词连用。

Keep off the grass! 勿踩踏草地!Always keep in mind that your main task is to get this company running smoothly.3. 感叹句感叹句的基本构成形式1).What(+a/an)+形容词+名词+主语+谓语!2).How+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数+主语+谓语!3).How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语!You can't imagine how crucial a role the pigeons played in the battlefields.你无法想象在过去的战场山鸽子发挥了多么重要的作用。

高中英语语法专题一: 英语语法框架 句子成分讲解和练习(word版 含答案)

高中英语语法专题一:   英语语法框架  句子成分讲解和练习(word版  含答案)

Part 1:英语语法框架一·词法:词法研究的对象是各种词的形式及其用法。

英语词类的形式变化有:名词和代词的数,格和性的形式变化;动词的人称、时态、语态、语气等形式变化;以及形容词和副词比较等级的形式变化。

种类:1 名词:是人和事物的名称,如pen(钢笔);English(英语),life(生活)。

2 代词:是用来代替名词的词,如we(我们),his(他的),all(全部)。

3 副词: 是修饰动词、形容词和副词的词,如quickly(快),often(经常),very(很)。

4 数词:是表示“多少”和“第几”的词,如four(四),eighteen(十八),first(第一)5 形容词:用来修饰名词,如great(伟大的),honest(诚实的),difficult(困难的)。

6 动词: 表示动作和状态,如write(写),walk(行走),think(想)。

7 连词: 是连接词、短语、从句和句子的词,如and(和),because(因为),if(假如)8 冠词: 说明名词所指的人或物的词,如a,an(一个),the(这,那)。

9 介词: 表示名词(或代词)与句子里其它词的关系,如from(从),in(在…内),between(在…之间)。

10 感叹词: 表示感情,如oh(噢),aha(啊哈),hush(嘘)。

[注一]属于前六类(名、代、副、数、形、动等词)的词都有实义,叫做实词。

属于后四类(连、冠、介、感等词)的词没有实义,叫做虚词。

[注二]不少词可以属于几个词类,如work(工作;动词和名词),fast(快,形容词和副词),since(自从;连词和介词)等。

构词法定义:构词法是研究怎样造词的学问。

掌握构词法有助于记忆单词,扩大词汇量。

英语单词看似海量,其实真正“原生态”的数量有限,而大量的都是通过构词法造出来的。

如:Foot (足) + ball (球) ------football 足球Sea (海) + food ( 食品) -----seafood 海鲜食品种类:英语最基本的构词法有三种:派生,合成和转化。

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