高中英语语法专题精讲精练-动名词解析

动名词

《语法讲解》

一、动名词的句法功能

动名词具有名词的性质，因此在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语等。(一)、作主语

1）直接位于句首做主语。

Reading is an art. 读书是一种艺术。

Climbing mountains is really fun. 爬山真是有趣。

〖注意〗：动名词做主语时，谓语动词为单数

2）用it 作形式主语，把动名词(真实主语)置于句尾作后置主语。

It is no use/no good crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收

It is fun playing with children. 和孩子们一起玩真好。

式）。

3）动名词的复合结构作主语

当动名词有自己的逻辑主语时，常可以在前面加上一个物主代词或名词所有格，构成动名词的复合结构。动名词的复合结构也可以在句中作主语。例如：Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us. 他们前来帮忙对我们来说是极大的鼓舞。

Lao Li’s going there won’t be of much help. 老李去不会有多大帮助。

（二）、作宾语

（1）作动词的宾语

*某些动词后出现非限定性动词时只能用动名词作宾语，不能用不定式。常见的此类动词有：advise, suggest, allow, permit, avoid, consider, enjoy, finish, cannot help, imagine, include, keep, keep on, mind, miss, delay, practise, resist, postpone(推迟)，deny(否认), appreciate (欣赏，感激), escape, excuse, pardon, can’t stan d, put off, give up等。如：

Would you mind opening the window?吧窗户打开好吗？

She suggested going to the Great Wall for the spring outing. 她建议去长城春游。

Seeing the picture, he couldn’t help laughing. 看了这幅画，他禁不住大笑起来。*在下面这种结构中也可以用动名词（短语）做宾语：find/think/consider… + it （形式宾语）+ no use/no good/useless… + v.ing（真正宾语）.

I found it pleasant walking along the seashore. 在海滩上走真是乐事。

Do you consider it any good trying again? 你认为再试一次有好处吗？

*形容词worth后也可接动名词，作为复合谓语的宾语。

The music is well worth listening to more than once. 这种曲子很值得多听几遍。（2）作介词的宾语

*能接动名词的短语有：think of/about, dream of/about, hear of, prevent/keep/stop…from…, depend on, set about, succeed (in), worry about, burst out,

insist on, be/get used to, devote…to…, look forward to, pay attention to, get down to, be good at, do well in, be fond of, be interested in, be tired of, be afraid of, spend…(in), feel like, prefer…to…, instead of, in case of等等。

We are thinking of making a new plan for the next term. 我们正考虑为下学期制定新的计划。

Shall we have a rest or get down to doing our work? 我们休息呢还是开始干活？

Do you have any difficulty (in) understanding spoken English?

（三）、作表语

动名词作表语时句子主语常是表示无生命的事物的名词或what引导的名词性从句。表语动名词与主语通常是对等的关系，表示主语的内容，主语、表语可互换位置。

Your task is cleaning the windows. (Cleaning the windows is your task.)

What I hate most is being laughed at. (Being laughed at is what I hate most.) （四）、作定语

动名词作定语往往表示被修饰词的某种用途。如：

a walking stick ＝a stick for walking=a stick which is used for walking

a washing machine=a machine for washing=a machine which is used for washing

二、动名词的复合结构

带有逻辑主语的动名词称为动名词的复合结构。当动名词的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致时，要在动名词之前加上物主代词或名词所有格，这便构成了动名词的复合结构。其中物主代词（名词所有格）是逻辑上的主语，动名词是逻辑上的谓语。动名词复合结构在句中可作主语、宾语、表语等，分别相当于一个主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句。如：

Her coming to help encouraged all of us.

(=That she came to help encouraged all of us.)

Jane’s being careless caused so much trouble. 简的粗心惹来了不少麻烦。

(=That Jane was careless caused so much trouble.)

在口语中，如果动名词复合结构作宾语，其中的物主代词常用人称代词宾格，名词所有格常用名词普通格来代替，但在句首作主语时不能这样来代替。如：Would you mind my/me using your computer? 用下你的电脑介意吗？

The father insisted on his son’s/his son going to college. 爸爸坚决要求儿子上大学。

His (不可用Him)smoking made his family angry. 他抽烟使他一家人非常生气。例：I would appreciate_______ back this afternoon.

A．you to call B．you call C．you calling D．you’re calling

（Key：C；换成your calling也对）

在下列情况下动名词的逻辑主语必须用名词的普通格或人称代词宾语：