初中英语三大从句汇总讲解

从句是相对于主句而言的，即它是从属于某一个主句，而不能单独作一个句子。在英语中主要有三大从句，即：

1. 名词性从句

2. 定语从句

3. 状语从句。

1）主语从句用作主语，如：

That the earth is round is true. 地球是圆的是真实的。

2）宾语从句用作宾语。如：

Do you know where he lives?

3）表语从句用作表语，如：

My opinion is that you should not go alone. 我的意见是你不应单独前往。

4）同位语从句用于解释说明前面的名词。如：

The fact that the earth is round is true. 地球是圆的的事实是真实的。

5）定语从句相当于一个形容词，用于修饰前面的名词。如：

The student who answered the question was John. 回答问题的学生是John.

6）状语从句相当于一个副词，如：

When it rains, I usually go to school by bus. 天下雨时，我通常坐公共汽车上学。

If he comes tomorrow, you will see him. 如果他明天来，你就可以看见他。。要注意在状语从句中有一个规则是“主将从现”，即主句是将来时，则从句要用一般现在时表示将来。

He returned home to learn his daughter had just been engaged.他回家后得知女儿刚刚订婚了。，find，see，hear，to be told，make等具有界限含义的动词。）

You must speak louder so that /in order that you can be heard by all. 你必须大声说话，才能让所有人听到你说话。

Since /As the weather is so bad，we have to delay our journey. 天气那么糟，旅行推迟了。，seeing that ，now that ，considering that 等引导。）

Though/Though he was worn out，he kept on working. 虽然他已经精疲力竭了，但仍然继续工作。

Where I live there are plenty of trees. 我住的地方树很多。

As water is to fish, so air is to man. 我们离不开空气，犹如鱼儿离不开水。as…so…，as if，as though引导。）主句和从句的划分方法是相同的。句子的成分从谓语动词处来划分比较容易。谓语动词前面的部分是主语，后面常接宾语，修饰谓语动词的是状语，修饰主语、宾语的是定语，若谓语是系动词，则系动词后的部分是表语。如：

I am a teacher. 其中，I 是主语，am是谓语，a teacher 是表语。

He likes playing football very much. 其中，he是主语，likes是谓语，playing football是宾语，very much是状语。

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I will never forget the teacher who taught us chemistry in the first year of my senior middle school.我将永远不会忘记在高一时教我们化学的那位老师。 Anyone who wants to apply for this job must send us the resume by email first. 想应聘这个职位的任何人都必须先通过电子邮件向我们发送简历。whom代替人，是宾格，在定语从句作宾语，在非正式英语常可省略。例如：Do you know the gentleman whom we met in the school library yesterday? 昨天我们在学校图书馆里遇到的那位先生你认识吗？ This is the student whom my father taught ten years ago.这是我爸爸十年前教的学生。 The girl who I saw is called Mary. 我见到的那个女孩名叫玛丽。（在非正式英语中，主格who代替了宾格whom，亦可省略） whose一般代替人，有时亦可代替物，是所有格，在定语从句作定语。例如：The girl student whose father is a senior engineer used to study abroad. 其父是一位高级工程师的那个女学生过去在国外留学。 Do you know the name of the hotel whose window we can see here? 我们这儿能看到窗户的那个宾馆叫什么名字，你知道吗？（关系代词whose指代先行词hotel，正式用法应该用of which。whose window=the window of which，意思是：the window of the hotel。）（二）关系代词which的用法 which代替物，在定语从句作主语或宾语，作宾语时还可省略。例如： I do not like stories which have unhappy endings. 我不喜欢有不幸结局的小说。（which可以换成that） Tom works for a factory which makes watches. 汤姆在一个制表厂工作。（which可以换成that）（三）关系代词that的用法 that既可指人又可指物，在当代英语中大多指物，在定语从句作主语或宾语，作宾语时还可省略。例如： Is she the girl that sells newspapers? 她是卖报纸的那个女孩吗？（that可以换成who） Where is the ice-cream that was in the fridge?

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