上海市松江二中2015届高三上学期开学考试英语试题

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上海市松江二中11-12学年高三上学期期中考试英语试题

松江二中11—12学年度第一学期期中考试试卷高三英语第一卷I. Listening ComprehensioSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. In New York. B. In Boston.C. In Philadelphia.D. In Washington.2. A. She is very polite. B. She is pleasant to talk with.C. She is not a pleasant person.D. She doesn’t like to talk very much.3. A. Winter is his favorite time for sports. B. Sports always interest him.C. He may be interested in sports.D. He plays better than he used to.4. A. To go to the football match. B. To watch TV.C. To take part in the football match.D. To stay at home.5. A. She would like one. B. She wouldn’t like one.C. He is very kind to her.D. He is a kind-hearted man.6. A. He punished him. B. He praised him.C. He mistook him.D. He obeyed him.7. A. She will fix his button. B. She will ride the school bus.C. She will prepare breakfast.D. She will do some washing.8. A. Nobody. B. The woman’s parents.C. The woman.D. The woman and her parents.9. A. 1:00. B. 1:10 C. 1:05 D. 1:1510. A. Because she is boring.B. Because she needs a present.C. Because she wants to change her job.D. Because she wants to tell the man a story.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers in your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. She will have three ways to choose.B. She may either try to enter a university or look for a paid job.C. She may look for a paid job and get ready for marriage.D. She can get married without the parents’ cons ent.12. A. The age of sixteen means the beginning of marriage.B. The age of sixteen refers to the beginning of the complete independence from theparents.C. It is against the English law for a child to get married under the age of 16.D. The English marriage law permits children under 16 to get married.13. A. When she is 16. B. When she has go to 17.C. When she has reached 18.D. When she is more than 18. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. America. B. China. C. Japan. D. California.15. A. 1957. B. 1982. C. 1980 D. 1985.16. A. Cubs born on foreign soil would belong to China and would have to be returnedafter their infancy.B. In may panda Hua Mei born in California of the United States returned to SichuanProvince, Southwest China.C. Panda Xiong Bang returned to his ancestral land yesterday, becoming the firstgiant panda born in a foreign land to come back to China this year.D. Xiong Bang, the 2-year-old cub born in Japan, arrived by ship in Beijing yesterday. Section CDirections: In Section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Complete the form. Write ONE WORD for each answer.Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.II. GrammarSection ADirections: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B,C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.25. —I have been told that the flood in Thailand killed more than 300 people anddestroyed many buildings.— Yes, _____ news came as _____ shock to me.A. the / theB. the / aC. a / theD. a / a26. —Mrs. White looks old _____ her age.—Yes. It worries her most _____ her hair is turning gray.A. at / whileB. in / ifC. for / thatD. for / for27. Hundreds of visitors visited the charity funfair, _____ as much as $65,000 for the floodvictims in South-East Asia.A. having raisedB. to raiseC. raisedD. raising28. To succeed in a scientific research project, _____.A. persistence is neededB. one needs to be persistentC. great efforts should be madeD. much work has to be done29. Something as simple as _____ some cold water may clear you mind and relievepressure.A. to be drinkingB. having drunkC. being drinkingD. drinking30. The dance performed by the disabled actors is really a hit, but years ago, no one_____ have imagined they were to achieve such great success.A. shouldB. mustC. couldD. might31. _____146 kilograms, the woman had great trouble walking about.A. WeighingB. WeighedC. Being weighedD. To weigh32. _____ of his own that he was aware of the hardships and joy.A. Not until he started a businessB. Until he started a businessC. It was not until he started a businessD. It was until he started a business33. The company I work in has now introduced a new policy _____ pay rises are related toperformance at work.A. whichB. thatC. whetherD. whose34. The conclusion _____ the police came to _____ the boss was as much to blame asanyone else for the great fire didn’t satisfy everyone.A. where / thatB. which / itC. that / whenD. that / that35. When she got to know that she had passed the interview, the girl went to bed with agreat weight _____ off her mind.A. takingB. taken C, to take D. being taken36. -- I’m frustrated after so many failures. I can’t see any hope.-- Behind every misfortune _____!A. does an opportunity lieB. is an opportunity lyingC. lies an opportunityD. an opportunity lies37. According to the annual report, the output of coal of the company last year was_____ .A. more than 60 percent in 2006B. 60 percent more than 2006C. 60 percent more than that in 2006D. more than 60 percent that in 200638. How long do you think it will be _____ I can go back to work?A. beforeB. whenC. untilD. that39. The companies are working together to create _____ they hope will be the best meansof transport in the 21st century.A. whichB. thatC. whatD. who40. According to some scientist , every human being, _____, gives off body heat.A. what he is doingB. however he is doingC. whatever is he doingD. no matter what he is doingSection BDirections: Complete the passage by choosing the proper words in the box.Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more. than you need.A wave of shock and sadness swept across the globe on October 5 as the news of Steven Jobs’ death spread worldwide. It was soon followed by a global outpouring of condolences. Shanghai was no ___41___ as thousands of people stopped by the local Apple stores to pay their ___42___. Mourners left behind flowers, red apples, and notes of condolence as a tribute to such a brilliant man.In 2005, Steve gave the commencement speech at Stanford University in California. During this speech, Steve shared three stories from his life. The first story he called “connect the dots.” He talked about a series of events in his life ---- his unlikely adoption, coming from a poor family, ___43___ out of college, collecting pop bottles for money, and taking a calligraphy class. Looking back on these seemingly ___44___ events, Steve realized that it was this path that led him to success. He encouraged people to follow their intuition and “trust that the dots will somehow connect” in their future.In his second story, Steve shared his embarrassing experience of being ___45___ from Apple ---- the company he started. It seemed like the end of his career, but he followed his passion and ___46___ vision and started Pixar, the most successful animation studio in the world.The ___47___ story in Steve’s speech is now a little haunting. He spoke of death. He ___48___ every young person in the audience that “death is a destination we all share… Your time is limited, so don’t waste it living someone else’s life.”Steve Jobs ___49___ followed his own advice, for his was a life well lived. May we all take a lesson from his example, and remember, as Steve once said, “the ones who are crazy enough to think that they can change the world, are the ones who do.”III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency (crimes committed byyoung people) focus either on the individual or on society as the major contributing influence. Theories 50 on the individual suggest that children engage in criminal behavior 51 they were not sufficiently punished for previous misdeeds or that they have learned criminal behavior through interaction with others. Theories focusing on the role of society suggest that children commit crimes in 52 to their failure to rise above their socioeconomic status，or as a rejection of middle-class values.Most theories of juvenile delinquency have focused on children from disadvantaged families, ignoring the fact that children from wealthy homes also commit crimes. The latter may commit crimes 53 lack of adequate parental control. All theories, however, are tentative(不确定的) and are 54 to criticism.Changes in the social structure may indirectly 55 juvenile crime rates. For example, changes in the economy that 56 to fewer job opportunities for youth and rising unemployment 57 make gainful employment increasingly difficult to obtain. The resulting discontent may in 58 lead more youths into criminal behavior.Families have also 59 changes these years. More families consist of one parent households or two working parents; 60 , children are likely to have less supervision at home 61 was common in the traditional family 62 . This lack of parental supervision is thought to be an influence on juvenile crime rates. Other identifiable causes of offensive acts include frustration or failure in school, the increased 63 of drugs and alcohol, and the growing incidence (发生率) of child abuse and child neglect. All these conditions tend to increase the probability of a child committing a criminal act, 64 a direct causal relationship has not yet been established.50. A. acting B. relying C. centering D. commenting51. A. before B. unless C. until D. because52. A. return B. reply C. reference D. response53. A. on B. in C. for D. with54. A. sensitive B. resistant C. subject D. similar55. A. affect B. reduce C. check D. reflect56. A. point B. lead C. come D. amount57. A. in general B. on average C. by contrast D. at length58. A. case B. short C. turn D. return59. A. survived B. noticed C. undertaken D. experienced60. A. contrarily B. consequently C. similarly D. simultaneously61. A. than B. that C. which D. as62. A. system B. structure C. concept D. heritage63. A. expense B. restriction C. allocation D. availability64. A. provided B. since C. although D. supposingSection BDirections:Read the following four passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)A qualified doctor rarely practised but instead devoted his life to writing. He once said,“Medicine is my lawful wife, and literature is my lover. ” Russian writer Anton Pavlovich Chekhov, was a great playwright and one of the masters of the modern short story.When Chekhov entered the Moscow University Medical School in 1879, he started to publish hundreds of comic short stories to support his family. After he graduated, he wrote regularly for a local daily newspaper.As a writer he was extremely fast, often producing a short story in an hour or less. Checkhov’s medical and science experience can be seen through the indifference many of his characters show to tragic events. In 1892, he became a full-time writer and published some of his most memorable stories.Chekhov often wrote about the sufferings of life in small towns of Russia. Tragic events controlled his characters who were filled with feelings of hopelessness and despair.It is often said that nothing happens in Chekhov’s stories and plays. He made up for this with his exciting technique for developing drama within his characters. Chekhov’s works combined the calm attitude of a scientist and doctor with the sensitivity of an artist.Some of Chekhov’s works were translate d into Chinese as early as the 1940s. One of his famous stories, “The Man in a Shell”，about a school teacher’s extraordinarily orderly life, was selected as a text for Chinese senior students.65. Anton Pavlovich Chekhov__________ .A. had a lawful loverB. was an illegal writerC. used to be a lawyerD. was a capable doctor66. In 1880, Chekhov _______________. .A. became a full-time writerB. studied medicine in Moscow UniversityC. practiced medicine in his hometownD. published his most memorable stories67. According to the passage, which of the following adjectives can’t be used to describeChekhov?A. Sensitive.B. Calm.C. Quick-minded.D. Warm-hearted.68. Which of the following is the right order of the events?a. became a doctorb. became a full-time writerc. started to publish comic short stories.d. wrote regularly for a local daily newspapere. entered the Moscow University Medical SchoolA. e c a d bB. d a b c eC. e c b a dD. a e c b d(B)Here is a poster on a middle school web site. Read the web-site poster.Going, Going, Gone!The Haynes Middle School Parent—T eacher Organizationinvites you to attend our latest fund-raiser,The Fourth Annual Haynes School Auction!Saturday, May 106:00 pm — 11:00 pm in the school hall6:00 pm — 6:30 pm: All items for auction are previewed.6:30 pm — 7:00 pm: Silent auction begins.7:00 pm — 7:30 pm: Highest bidders(出价人) from silent auction are determined.7:30 pm — 11:00 pm: Main auction begins.Items up for bid in the silent auction range in value from $ 5.00 to $ 30.00.Items up for bid in the main auction include the following:●Airline tickets to a place of your choice●Weekend getaways at first-class hotels●Season tickets to the Chicago Bears football game●$ 50 gift tickets to local gift shops, restaurants, and salons●Theater tickets to The Merchant of VeniceDon’t miss the boat! Book your tickets today.Last year, tickets sold out in five days!Tickets are sold on a first-come, first-served basis.$ 15.00 per personAll the money from the auction will be given to the Haynes School computer lab.69. Which of the following is not mentioned as being up for bid at the auction?A. A movie pass to the local cinema.B. A weekend stay at a hotel.C. A ticket to a restaurant.D. Airline tickets.70. The more items that are given or bought for auction, _______.A. the less money that will be charged for the tickets to the auctionB. the more money that can be raised to support the computer labC. the faster the tickets will be sold to the auctionD. the higher the value that will be placed on the items in the silent auction71. The phrase “first-come, first-served” tells you that _______.A. people can buy the tickets on the first day onlyB. the person who is first to arrive will receive a ticket at no chargeC. food and drinks will be served at the auctionD. tickets are sold in the order of who arrives first to buy them(C)The science of meteorology(气象学) is concerned with the study of the structure, state, and behavior of the atmosphere. The subject may be approached from several directions, but the scene cannot be fully appreciated from any one vantage point. Different views must be combined to give the whole picture.One may consider the condition of the atmosphere at a given moment and attempt to predict changes from that condition over a period of a few hours to a few days ahead. This approach is covered by the branch of the science called synoptic meteorology.Synoptic meteorology is the scientific basis of the technique of weather forecasting by means of the preparation and analysis of weather maps and aerological diagrams(高空气象图). The practical importance of the numerous applications of weather forecasting cannot be overestimated. In serving the needs of shipping, navigation, agriculture,industry and many other interests and fields of human activity with accurate weather warnings and professional forecast advice, great benefits can be earned in the form of the saving of human life and property and in economic advantages of various kinds. One important purpose of meteorology is constantly to try, through advanced study and research, to increase our knowledge of the atmosphere with the aim of improving the accuracy(精确性) of weather forecasts.The tools needed to advance our knowledge in this way are the disciplines of mathematics and physics applied to solve meteorological problems. The use of these tools forms that branch of the science called dynamic(动力的) meteorology.72. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?A. The Limitations of Meteorological ForecastingB. New Advances in Synoptic MeteorologyC. Approaches to the Science of MeteorologyD. The Basis of Dynamic Meteorology73. The predictions(预测) of synoptic meteorologists are directly based on the .A. application of the physical sciencesB. preparation and study of weather mapsC. expected needs of industryD. observations of commercial airline pilots74. The author implies that increased accuracy in weather forecasting will lead to .A. more money used in meteorological researchB. greater protection of human lifeC. a higher number of professional forecastersD. less specialized forms of synoptic meteorology75. In the last sentence of the passage, the phrase “these tools” refers to .A. weather forecastsB. meteorological developmentsC. mathematics and physicsD. economic advantagesSection CDirections: Read the following text and choose the most suitable heading from the list A-F for each paragraph. There is one extra heading which you do not need.In those sections of the state which lie above the Arctic Circle, Alaska still is a land of icebergs and polar bear. Ice buried in the earth, which is permanently frozen to a depth of 90 or more meters, From early May until early August, the midnight sun never sets on this flat, treeless region, but the sun cannot melt the icy soil more than two-thirds of a meter down.Alaska is America's largest state, but only about 325,000 people live there. According to estimates, 800,000 hectares of its land area are fit for plowing but only about 640,000 hectares are being cultivated.Arctic Alaska has been the home of Eskimos for countless centuries. It is believed that the Eskimos moved there from Mongolia or Siberia, probably crossing Bering Strait, named for Vitus Bering, the Danish sea captain who discovered Alaska on his voyage for Russia in 1741. The Eskimos are the state's earliest known inhabitants. Russian fur traders established settlements but, by the time Alaska was sold to the United States, most of the traders had departed.In 1896 gold was discovered near the Klondike River in Canada just across the Alaskan border. Thousand of Americans rushed to the region on their way to Klondike; some never returned. Alaska was never completely cut off again, although even today transportation is a major problem. There are only two motor routes from the U.S mainland, and within the state, every town has its own airfield. Planes fly passengers, mail and freight to the most distant villages.The gold that changed life so suddenly for Alaska was soon ended, and although many stories about mining camps have become part of American literature, the gold from Alaskan earth contributed less to economic progress than the fish from Alaska waters. The fish caught in a single year range in value from $80 million to $ 90 million. Fur-bearing animals are plentiful in the forests and streams, and valuable fur seals inhabit the waters. After fishing, the state's chief industry is lumber and the production of wood pulp. In recent years, Alaska's single most important resource has become oil. The state also has large deposits of coal, copper, gold and other minerals.Section DDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.(E)Children who live past their fifth birthday have a much greater chance of living to adulthood and old age because their bodies are stronger and better able to fight off the diseases that many younger children succumb to（死于---）. In fact, the longer a person lives, the greater his or her chances of reaching older ages. For example, someone who has lived to 100 is much more likely to reach 101 than someone who has just reached 90, even though the 100 year old has a very high and increasing chance of dying in the next year.Life-threatening events and personal habits, however, may reduce the chances of living a long, productive life. In fact, some countries succeeded in improving the infant and under-5 mortality rates（死亡率）between 1980 and 1998 but still saw a decline in life expectancy at birth. More and more, infectious diseases such as tuberculosis (the leading cause of deaths in low- and middle-income countries) and AIDS, and chronic diseases caused by smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, high-fat diets, and stress-relatedillnesses are stealing years from the lives of men and women around the world. In addition, women and adolescent girls risk early deaths due to complications of pregnancy and childbirth, especially in countries with limited medical resources or a lack of family planning, or where women's health needs are neglected.81. Which group of children are more likely to escape early death?__________________________________________.82. The longer a person lives, the greater ____________________________________.83. Women and adolescent girls are likely to lose their lives because of ____________.84. What factors decrease the chances of quality life?__________________________________________________________________.第II卷I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1. 任何人想要实现梦想都不是容易的事。

上海市松江二中2015-2016学年高一上学期英语周测卷(一)

松江二中高一（上）英语周测卷（一）II. Choice: (15%)17. ---Is this raincoat yours?---No, mine ______ there behind the door.A.is hangingB. has hungC. hangsD. hung18. Those ______ agreed to the suggestion raised their hands high.A. thatB. whoC. whichD. whom19._______, she bought the expensive dress_____.A. looking her best, without hesitatingB. To look best, without hesitationC. To look her best, without hesitationD. Looking her best, without hesitation20. I don’t like the way ______ you talk to y our parents.A. whichB. whereC. in whichD. in that21 .It is raining outside. I wonder ______he will come or not.A. ifB. whenC. whetherD. how22. Sorry, could you repeat it? My mind was not on what you ______just now.A. were sayingB. are sayingC. saidD. have said23. She is very traditional. She prefers _____ formally to ______ sports clothes.A. to dress, wearB. dressing, wearC. to dress, wearingD. dressing, wearing24. There were so many people in the meeting room that I didn’t even get a chance_____ Mr. Wang ,______ in the firm.A. of talking a senior employeeB. to talk, a higher employeeC. of talking to, a higher employeeD. to talk to, a senior employee25. A young clerk who looked _____, stood up, _____ the paper from the desk and ran out.A. not happily, pick upB. unhappy, picked upC. not happy, pick upD. unhappily, pick up26. The teacher asked Tom_____ his hand if he had any question_____.A. to put up, askingB. to put up, to askC. to put on, askingD. to put on,to ask27. His report is _____ a survey, and it is worth _____ again.A. more than, being discussedB. as well as, discussingC. as well as, being discussedD. more than, discussing28. Is this museum _____ you visited last week?A. whereB. whichC. the oneD. that29. That was the second time that I _____ Shanghai, one of ______ cities in China.A. visited, the most bigB. have visited, the biggestC. had visited, the biggestD. visit, the most big30. His sudden _____ from the party made all of us _______.A. arrival, disappointingB. disappearance, disappointedC. disappearance, disappointingD. arrival, disappointedⅢ. Choose one of the words or expressions from the box to complete each sentence. (4%)A. expressionB. communicateC. without hesitationD. employeesE. assistanceF. remarkedG. glancedH. appearance32.The firm has over 500 _____________.33.They can _____________ in different languages.34.The company provides advice and ___________ in finding work.35.She _____________at me with a sweet smile.36.She agreed to the plan of building a new school ___________ .37.John ____________ that he had learned the news before.38.The __________ on her face was very strange.39.Don’t pay much attention to your ____________ .IV. Cloze: (10%)Some people are just sure to be failures. That’s how some adults look at troublesome kids. Maybe you’ve heard the saying, “A bird with a broken wing will __40__ fly as high.” I’m sure that T.J. Ware, who was caught stealing a year ago, was made to feel this way almost every day at school.At high school, Ware was always making trouble. He didn’t answer qu estions, got into lots of fights and was __41__ from school at times. Teachers didn’t want to have him again the following year.I met Ware for the first time at a meeting. All the students at school had been invited to __42__ for a program designed to have students become more active in their communities. The program included group discussion and voluntary work in their neighborhoods.In the beginning, Ware just stood by, not ready to join the discussion groups. But slowly, the interactive games __43__ him in… At the end of the meeting, he joined the Homeless Project team. He knew much about __44__, hunger and helplessness. The other students on the team had never seen Ware making such a long, moving speech. They were __45__ with his passionate concern and ideas, so they elected Ware to be chairman of the team with a majority vote.Two weeks later, Ware led a group of 70 students to collect __46__. They collected a school record:2,854 cans of food in just two hours. It was enough to feed needy families in the area for 75 days. The local newspaper __47__ the event with full-page article the next day. After that, Ware started showing up at school every day and answering questions from teachers.Ware’s change __48__ us that a bird with a broken wing only needs mending. Once it has __49__, it can fly higher than the rest.40. A. sometimes B. always C. never D. still41. A. absent B. different C. driven D. free42. A. take up B. make up C. sign up D. put up43. A. took B. caught C. tempted D. drew44. A. poverty B. fighting C. robbery D. courage45. A. disappointed B. surprised C. impressed D. bored46. A. food B. money C. accomodation D. furniture47. A. spread B. covered C. printed D. wrote48. A. requests B. ensures C. reminds D. requires49 A. repaired B. realized C. protected D. healedV. Reading:)(30%)(A)Think for a moment about the teachers you have had at school or at university. Which one did you like best? And Why? Were the teachers you liked best also the ones who were the best teachers, in you opinion? Before you read any further, consider for a minute the qualities that make a teacher outstanding(出色).Some very common answers to this question are that teachers need to love their students, that they need to have an expert knowledge of their subjects, and that they should devote themselves completely to their jobs. All of these ideas are, of course, true to a certain extent(程度)but they are perhaps a little too simple.It is impossible for anyone to love everyone they know, and teachers deal with a very large number of students over the years. On the other hand, teachers should certainly be able to make their students feel that they are interested in them as people and in the development of both their characters. A deep knowledge on to the students effectively-a teacher needs to be trained in the skills of teaching. These skills include how to control a class, and so on. Finally, teachers have to devote a lot of time and energy to their work, of course. However, they are also models that their students must follow; so it is important that they should be well-balanced people with interests outside their school work-family, friends, hobbies, etc. A teacher who only lives for work is likely to become too narrow-minded.50. The writer suggests that you think about your teachers at school or university so that_______A. you may remember them betterB. you may select outstanding teachersC. you may learn from outstanding teachersD. you may know the qualities for outstanding teachers51. The writer does not consider it possible for a teacher_______A. to love all the students he has taughtB. to be an example for his students to followC. to have a good command of the subjects he teachesD. to pass the knowledge on to his students effectively52. In the sentence “…teachers should certainly be able to make their stud ents feel that they are interested in them as people …” in the third paragraph, “they” and “them” refers respectively to __________.A. teachers and teachersB. students and teachersC. teachers and studentsD. students and students53. It can be concluded from the passage that_______.A. even if a teacher has a good knowledge of his subjects, he cannot be a good teacher if he doesn’t have the ability to pass that knowledge on to his students.B. it is unnecessary for teachers to spend much time and energy on their work if they do have an expert knowledge of their subjectsC. teachers should be trained to love all of their students they are teaching or have taughtD. most teachers are born with such skills as how to explain an idea clearly(B)In 1974, the price of petrol in Britain rose by 120 percent; cars became expensive to run and train and bus fares increased．People who hadn't used a bicycle since they were children decided that they would buy bicycles．They discovered that cycling could be enjoyable and cheap．Bicycle sales had been falling for many years but suddenly everything changed．In 1975, British people spent more than one million on bicycles．Bicycle traffic increased by 11 percent．Bicycle fans compare the cost of running a car with the cost of running a bicycle．They also say bicycle-riding is a good form of exercise．In towns bicycles can often be faster than cars or buses．The bicyclists can ride through traffic jams and at the end of his journey he doesn't have to look for a parking space．Cycling through the countryside is a real pleasure; the cyclist has time to see things that the motorist, driving at over 100 kilometers an hour, never sees．But in the cities, cycling can be dangerous．You need good concentration(专心)and strong nerves, especially when a truck or a bus is trying to pass you．Since cycling became popular again, there has been an increase in the number of accidents．Cyclists say the answer to the problem is to separate bicycles from other traffic．Stevenage, a new town near London, has a system of “bikeways”, where only bicycles are allowed to travel．However, in most towns, cyclists say, the needs of the bicycle riders are overlooked．Cyclists have formed into “action groups” in many towns in Britain．They want to persuade local councils－who are in charge of the roads and traffic in theirareas－to make sure there are safe facilities(设施)for cyclists．Or, they say, interest in cycling will die．54．Today the Britain want to ride bikes because _________.A．trains and buses are too crowded.B．the cost of riding bikes is much cheaper than that of taking trains or buses.C．there are a lot of thieves on the trains or in the buses.D．the traffic accidents easily happen while people go to work by train or by bus.55. What is special about traffic in Britain today?A. More and more people ride bikesB. More and more people like to take trainsC. Taking trains is much safer than taking buses.D. No people like to take buses.56. The main reason for so many peo ple’s riding bikes in England is that _______.A. bike-riding does good to peopleB. a bike is easy to take care ofC. a bike is much cheaper than a carD. there is no need of a parking place for a bike57. Riding bikes has many strong points, but when it becomes popular _______.A. a lot of bikes will be crowded in the public places.B. there will easily be more and more traffic accidentsC. fewer and fewer people will take a train.D. a lot of bus-drivers and trainmen are out of work(C)I looked at the evening sun from my hospital room. They had given me all their tests and still they didn’t realize how wrong they are. They said I had a malignant(恶性的), inoperable tumor（肿瘤）, about the size of a softball between my left lung and breast bone. Obviously, this couldn’t be. I was only 67, at the start of the golden years. Yet, they said, the thing had been quietly growing inside my chest for a year or more.Next, they asked questions about my family history, my illness, and operations. Then came the big one: Did I smoke? For how long? I had never added it up before. From a start at age 17, I had been smoking averaging a carton（条）a week. That habit, most doctors agree, is the cause of some 80 percent of lung cancer. “We think we can give some time. However, in your case there is no cure.” Dr. Robert Putuys said kindly. With my family’s longevity record. I shall live into my 80’s.But now I was told to have about a 50/50 chance of making it six months. Fifteen years lost. Each of my 520,000 cigarettes cost me more than 15 minutes of life, each carton more than two days. I would have to kick the habit.My cigarettes lay on the bedside table. they were always ready to be companion During college stress, wartime anxiety, complicated family situations and career pressure, I had turned to them for relief. But now. I realized with surprise, they meant nothing to me. So don’t be discouraged f you’re a smoker. Keep on smoking, enjoy it. You’ll break the habit easily if you get cancer. And you will stop it, friend, you surely will.58. In the sentence “I had never added it up before”, “It” refer to _______.A. the number of cigarettesB. the question asked by doctorsC. the time of his smoking experienceD. the disease he suffered from before59. According to the passage, Dr. Robert Putuys implies that ________.A. there’s no hope for the writer to recover from his cancerB. other patients with this disease might live longerC. since his cancer is caused by smoking, they will do nothing about it.D. the doctor will leave him some time to give up smoking60. The tone of the writer in the last paragraph is being _________.A. happy and carefreeB. sad and humorousC. nervous and anxiousD. painful and desperate61. It can be inferred from the passage that _________.A.since the writer has enjoyed smoking for so long, he can never give if upB.most of heavy smokers like the writer will suffer from lung cancer sooner or laterC.the writer is determined to give up smoking once he is out of hospital.D.the writer suggests you enjoy smoking while you are young for cigarettes can be your best.(D)The more women and minorities make their way into the ranks of management the more they seem to want to talk about things formerly judged to be best left unsaid. The newcomers also tend to see office matters with a fresh eye. In the process sometimes coming up with critical analyses of the forces that shape everyone experience in the organization.Consider the novel views of Harvey Coleman of Atlanta on the subject of getting ahead. Cole man is black. He spent 11 years with IBM; half of them working in management development, and now serves as a consultant, to the likes of AT & Coca-Cola. Prudential and Merch Coleman says that based on what he' s seen at big companies, he weighs the different elements that make for long-term career success as follows: performance counts a mere 10%; image 30%; and exposure, a full 60%.Coleman concludes that excellent job performance is so common these days that while doing your work well may win you pay increases, it won' t secure you the big promotion. He finds that advancement more often depends on how many people know you and your work, and how high up they are.Ridiculous beliefs? Not to many people, especially many women and members of minority races who like Coleman feel that the scales （障眼物）have dropped from their eyes. "Women and blacks in organizations work under false beliefs," says Kaleel Jamison, a New York-based management consultant who helps corporations deal with these issues. "They think that if you work hard, you'll get a head--that someone in authority will reach down and give you a promotion." She adds, "Most women and blacks are so frightened that people will think they' ye gotten ahead because of their sex or color that they play down their visibility（能见度）." Her advice to those folks: learn the ways that white males have traditionally used to find their way into the spotlight.（聚光灯照明圈）62．To achieve success in your career,the most important factor, according to the passage, is to_______. A．let your superiors know how good you areB．show a favorable image to the people around youC．work as a consultant to your superiorsD．perform well your tasks given by your superiors63．The reason why women and blacks play down their visibility is that they________.A．know that someone in authority will reach down and give them a promotionB．don't want people to think that their promotions are due to sex or colorC．don't want to give people the impression that they work under false beliefsD．believe they can get promoted by reason of their sex or color64．The best title for this passage would be________.A．Role of Women and Minorities in ManagementB．The Importance of Being VisibleC．Job Performance and AdvancementD．Sex and Career Success第Ⅱ卷Ⅰ.Tenses (10%)1.Our school soccer team __________ (win) every match so far this year, but they still have three more games to play.2.we won’t go for a picnic if it __________ (rain) tomorrow.3.Once __________ (ask) in the classroom, you should stand up and answer the teacher’s questions.4.His father __________ (tell) that he was not allowed to park his car on the playground.5.Don’t let those who are not ol d enough __________ (enter) the game room.6.Something has __________ (do) to stop the tough guys bullying the small boys.7.I am considering __________ (make) a new plan for our trip.8.The theory __________ (prove) to us that earthquakes can be forecast.9.I tried my best to do what I could __T________ (help) those poor people.10.I’ve never thought that the silk __________ (sell) so well especially in the West.Ⅱ. Translation: (15%)1.那位高级雇员对Simon的肢体语言做出了评价。

上海市松江二中2015届高三上学期开学考试英语试卷 Word版含答案

上海市松江二中2015届高三上学期开学考试英语试卷第I卷（103分）I. Listening Comprehension (24分)Section ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. A student. B. A secretary. C. A teacher. D. A boss.2. A. In the department store. B. At the airport.C. At the railway station.D. At the furniture store.3. A. By car. B. By bike. C. By bus. D. On foot.4. A. The English test took place a week ago.B. The woman was confident about the English test.C. Tomorrow’s English test will be easy.D. There won’t be an English test tomorrow.5. A. She doesn’t like English poetry. B. Poetry class is very popular.C. Dr. Robinson is easy to get along with.D. The course will be difficult.6. A. Five feet tall. B. Only one foot tall. C. Six feet tall. D. Seven feet tall.7. A. Go to the library. B. Go to see a film.C. Get some exercise.D. Do homework in school.8. A. It is 4: 10 now. B. It is 4: 20 now. C. It is 4: 50 now. D. It is 5:00 now.9. A. He is not very enthusiastic about his English lessons.B. He has made great progress in his English.C. He is a student of the music department.D. He is not very interested in English songs.10. A. He has always been so productive. B. He got his job done within a minute.C. He finished the paper just in time.D. He hasn’t finished his paper yet.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. When directions are long. B. When directions are short.C. When homework is given.D. When your mother talks.12. A. Your pen and paper. B. A few words.C. Your mind and ears.D. Some pictures.13. A Topics or page numbers. B. Key words or a picture in mind.C. Some details.D. School assignments.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. It is based on individual need, personal goals and different life styles.B. It is decided by the healthiest lifestyle.C. It is based on some tests and comparison with standards.D. It is based more on individual needs than personal goals.15. A. It is more accurate. B. It is more flexible.C. It is less enjoyable.D. It is less effective.16. A. An accountant who can be as physically fit as an athlete.B. The importance of three basic factors concerning fitness.C. New concept of fitness and its essential factors.D. Some sports with significant training effect.Section CDirections: In Section C,you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.II. Grammar and Vocabulary（26分）Section ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.25. —Can he take charge of the computer company?—I’m afraid it is ______ his ability.A. beyondB. withinC. ofD. to26. I made a call to my parents yesterday. To my disappointment, ______ of them answered it.A. eitherB. noneC. neitherD. nobody27. The higher the oil price is, ______ to the global economy.A. the more damage will it causeB. the more it will cause damageC. the more damage it will causeD. the more will it cause damage28. ______ at the very beginning, the financial crisis was getting worse and worse in America.A. Not dealt with properlyB. Not dealing with properlyC. Not having dealt with properlyD. Not being dealt with properly29. The custom of giving gifts at Christmas can be traced back to the Wise Men ______ gifts to the baby Jesus.A. bringB. broughtC. bringingD. being brought30. The driver______, according to the newspaper, to have been killed in the traffic accident.A. saidB. was sayingC. was saidD. had been said31. If a computer crashes, you will lose the file you ______ unless you save it regularly.A. are workingB. workC. will workD. worked32. The building burnt down in a big fire. ______ was the base on which it stood.A. What remainedB. All remainedC. What was remainedD. All what remained33. To our surprise, that top student in our class failed ______ a scholarship.A. obtainB. obtainingC. to obtainD. obtained34. I feel honored to introduce Mr. White to you, without ______ consideration our projectwould have ended in failure.A. whomB. thatC. whoseD. who35. ______ advertisements are of great help, I don’t think we should entirely rely on them.A. SinceB. WhileC. OnceD. As36. No one knows ______ prevented the rumor from spreading.A. what was it thatB. what it was thatC. how it was thatD. why it was that37. ______ about wild plants that they decided to make a trip to Madagascar for further research.A. So curious the couple wasB. So curious were the coupleC. So were curious the coupleD. So was the couple curious38. Joe’s______ in the get-together surely brought us a lot of pleasure as he is a man with astrong sense of humour.A. joiningB. having been joinedC. joinedD. had joined39. After John stayed in shanghai for a couple of days, he got the impression ______ the citywas very fascinating.A. whichB. whyC. whereD. that40. Don’t leave the chocolates ______ Cathy can get them. They are not good for teeth.A. whetherB. in whichC. whereD. unlessSection BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word canIf you are a modern art lover, you should be sure to drop by the Saatchi Gallery during your visit to London. The 41 gallery was opened by Charles Saatchi, a British art collector famous for founding the Saatchi and Saatchi advertising agency with his brother. It moved from its old 42 in St. John’s Wood to its new home in County Hall near the Thames in the springof 2003.Anyone who has heard reports in the past of the often shocking but always thought-provoking (激发) works on 43 at the Saatchi Gallery will not be disappointed when visiting the gallery’s new location. Along with the exhibits of new British artists, the gallery still includes the works of Damien Hirst, the Chapman brothers, and Tracy Emin in its permanent 44 .Of the artworks, one can see in the Saatchi Gallery, Hirst’s works are probably the most well-known. Hirst’s work first made headlines in the early 1990s when he45 art from dead animals.Along with Hirst, the Chapman brothers, Dinos and Jake, also owe a certain amount of their fame to the Saatchi Gallery. It was through Saatchi that these two brothers came to 46 attention. At the gallery, visitors can see the brothers’ vision of Hell, made from 30, 000 plastic toy soldiers.Another artist 47 at the gallery who has grabbed headlines with her art is Tracy Emin. In 1998, Emin gave rise to argument when she sold her 48 , unmade bed to Saatchi as a work of art titled My Bed at ￡150, 000.Are any of these works really art? That is a question you will have to answer for yourself when you visit the Saatchi Gallery. Charles Saatchi himself says, “I don’t have any ground rules for 49 art. Sometimes you look and don’t feel very comfortable with it—but that doesn't tell you very much. It doesn't 50 reveal much about the quality of the work.”III. Reading Comprehension （53分）Section ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Around 15 million of us will leave a cup of tea to go cold today while a similar amount will forget where they put the keys to their house or car.Meanwhile, 12 million go to the shops only to 51 forget what they went for—and the same will forget about 52 washing in the machine, according to the survey 53 by .PIN numbers, passwords and chores such as taking food out of the freezer the night before and 54 your mobile phone also stood highly on the list. And more than one in ten 55 forgetting to buy a lottery ticket which may have 56 them a win.Modern busy lifestyles and increased 57 as well as modern technology were 58 the increase in our levels of forgetfulness.A National Lottery spokesman said: “We are busier than ever in our work and personal lives and it seems we just have too much to remember for our 59 minds.”The study found the technology has also played a part, leaving us with more gadgets(小装置) than ever before to 60 and charge or take care of.61 work pressures it is within the home environment where most things are forgotten, such as credit card 62 , children’s school events or food related things.The study found one in four people have 63 an important appointment and nearly one in five have fallen out with a friend over a forgotten date or event.Women are much better than men in the report, failing to 64 an average of two and ahalf things every day 65 to 3.5 things for men.51. A. completely B. fortunately C. barely D. mostly52. A. freezing B. elegant C. formal D. wet53. A. experimented B. conducted C. applied D. commanded54. A. loading B. forgetting C. charging D. remarking55. A. deny B. admit C. forbid D. avoid56. A. entitled B. purchased C. consumed D. cost57. A. pressure B. rank C. logic D. weight58. A. led to B. blamed for C. brought about D. confirmed59. A. crowded B. conscious C. impatient D. accurate60. A. dive in B. insert in C. push in D. plug in61. A. Despite B. Though C. In spite D. Moreover62. A. illustrations B. thefts C. payments D. journals63. A. missed B. made C. drawn D. concluded64. A. ignore B. remind C. recall D. assure65. A. devoted B. contributed C. opposed D. comparedSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)I am a good mother to three children. I have tried never to let my profession stand in the way of being a good parent.I no longer consider myself the center of universe. I show up. I listen. I try to laugh. I was a good friend to my husband. I have tried to make marriage vows(誓约)mean what they say. I am a good friend to my friends, and they to me. Without them, there would be nothing to say to you today.So here’s what I wanted to tell you today: Get a life. A real life, not a desire of the next promotion, the bigger paycheck, the larger house.Get a life in which you are not alone. Find people you love, and who loves you. And remember that love is not leisure, it is work. Pick up the phone. Send an e-mail. Write a letter. And realize that life is the best thing and that you have no business taking for granted.It is so easy to waste our lives, our days, our hours, and our minutes. It is so easy to exist instead of to live. I learned to live many years ago. Something really, really bad happened to me, something that changed my life in ways that, if I had my choice, it would never have been changed at all. And what I learned from it is what, today, seems to be the hardest lesson of all.I learned to love the journey, not the destination. I learned to look at all the good in the world and try to give some of it back because I believed in it, completely and totally. And I tried to do that, in part, by telling others what I had learned.66. How did the writer form her view of life?A. Through social experienceB. By learning from her friendsC. Through an unfortunate experienceD. From her children and husband67. The sentence “It is so easy to exist instead of to live.” means that people tend to______.A. waste a lot in lifeB. work rather than enjoy lifeC. make a living rather live a real lifeD. forget the most important lessons in life68. It can be inferred from the passage that______.A. The author likes travelling very muchB. The author did not try her best to work wellC. The author spent all her time caring for childrenD. the author is a success in personal life69. The best title for this passage probably is______.A. Love your friendsB. Live a real lifeC. Don’t waste t imeD. Be a good wife and mother(B)OUR KIDS ARE AMAZING－especially compared with everybody else’s (who seem to cry all the time). How do you show your love for your kids this holiday season? With toys that are smooth and colorful, interactive and exciting. And with ones that have educational value－because you are the boss.A. ROBOSAPIENB. MINI PEDAL CARC. FLAX ART HOSPITAL PUZZLE AND PLAY SETD. TINY LOVE ACTIVITY BALL71. Which toys are fit for three-year-old kids?A. 1 and 3.B. 2 and 4.C. I and 2.D. 3 and 4.72. This passage is written for ______.A. parentsB. childrenC. the salesmanD. the boss(C)Against the supposition that forest fires in Alaska, Canada and Siberia warm the climate, scientists have discovered that cooling may occur in areas where burnt trees allow more snow to mirror more sunlight into space.This finding suggests that taking steps to prevent northern forest to limit the release of greenhouse gases may warm the climate in northern regions. Usually large fires destroyed forests in these areas over the past decade. Scientists predict that with climate warming, fires may occur more frequently over next several centuries as a result of a longer fire season. Sunlight taken in by the earth tends to cause warming, while heat mirrored back into space tends to cause cooling.This is the first study to analyze all aspects of how northern fires influence climate. Earlier studies by other scientists have suggested that fire in northern regions speed up climate warming because greenhouse gases from burning trees and plants are released into the atmosphere and thus trap heat.Scientists found that right after the fire, large amounts of greenhouse gases entered the atmosphere and caused warming. Ozone（臭氧）levels increased, and ash from the fire fell on far-off sea ice, darkening the surface and causing more radiation from the sun to be taken in. The following spring, however, the land within the area of the fire was brighter than before the fire, because fewer trees covered the ground. Snow on the ground mirrored more sunlight back into space, leading to cooling.“We need to find out all possible ways to reduce the growth of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.” Scientists tracked the change in amount of radiation entering and leaving the climate system as a result of the fire, and found a measurement closely related to the global air temperature. Typically, fire in northern regions occurs in the same area every 80 to 150 years. Scientists, however, found that when fire occurs more frequently, more radiation is lost from the earth and cooling results. Specifically, they determined when fire returns 20 years earlier than predicated, 0.5 watts per square meter of area burned are soaked up by the earth from greenhouse gases, but 0.9 watts per square meter will be sent back into space. The net effect is cooling. Watts are used to measure the rate at which energy is gained or lost from the earth.73. According to the new findings, taking steps to prevent northern forest fires may ______.A. result in a warming climateB. cause the forest fires to occur more frequentlyC. lead to a longer fire seasonD. protect the forests and the environment there74. Earlier studies about northern forest fires ______.A. analyze all aspects of how northern fires influence climateB. indicate that forest fires will pollute the atmosphereC. suggest that people should take measures to protect environmentD. suggest that the fires will speed up climate warming75. The underlined phrase “soak up” in the last paragraph most probably means ______.A. releasedB. absorbedC. createdD. disturbed76. From the passage we can draw a conclusion that forest fires in Alaska, Canada and Siberia may ______.A. warm the climate as the supposition goesB. allow more snow to reflect more sunlight into space and thus cool the climateC. destroy large areas of forests and pollute the far-off sea iceD. help to gain more energy rather than release more energy(D)Is Positive Thinking Powerful?The $11 billion self-help industry is built on the idea that you should turn negative thoughts like “I never do anything right” into positive ones like “I can succeed”. But was the positive thinking advocate Norman Vincent Peale right? Is there power in positive thinking?Researchers in Canada just published a study in Psychological Science that says trying to get people to think more positively can actually have the opposite effect: it can simply stress how unhapp y they are. The study’s authors, Joanne Wood and John Lee of the University of Waterloo and Elaine Perunovic of the University of New Brunswick, begin by using older research showing that when people get feedback (反馈) which they believe is overly positive, they actually feel worse, not better. If you tell your friend who is not very clever that he has the potential of an Einstein, you’re just underlining his faults. In the 1990s, a team including psychologist Joel Cooper of Princeton conducted an experiment. The participants were asked to write essays opposing financial support for the disabled, expressing little sympathy for them. When these participants were later praised for their sympathy, they felt even worse about what they had written.In this experim ent, Wood, Lee and Perunovic measured 68 students’ self-respect. The participants were then asked to write down their thoughts and feelings for four minutes. Every 15 seconds, one group of students heard a bell. When it rang, they were supposed to tell themselves, “I am lovable.” Those with low self-respect didn’t feel better after the forced self-approval. In fact, their feelings turned significantly worse than those of members of the control group, who weren’t urged to think positive thoughts.The study provides support for newer forms for psychotherapy (心理治疗) that urge people to accept their negative thoughts and feelings rather than fight them. In the fighting, we not only often fail but can make things worse. Meditation (静思) techniques, on the contrary, can teach people to realize their shortcomings from a larger, more realistic perspective. Call it the power of negative thinking.77. What is the finding of the Canadian researchers?A. There can be no simple solutions to psychological problems.B. Encouraging positive thinking may do harm to people.C. The power of positive thinking is limited.D. Unhappy people cannot think positively.78. The underlined part in Paragraph 2 probably means ______.A. you are pointing out the mistakes he has madeB. you are not taking his mistakes seriously enoughC. you are stressing the fact that he is not intelligentD. you are not trying to make him feel better about his faults79. What do we learn from the experiment of Wood, Lee and Perunovic?A. Self-approval can bri ng a positive change to one’s feelings.B. People with low self-respect seldom write down their true feelings.C. It is important for people to continually improve their self-respect.D. Forcing people to think positive thoughts may lower their self-respect.80. It can be learned from the last paragraph that ______.A. people can avoid making mistakes through meditationB. different people tend to have different ways of thinkingC. meditation may prove to be a good form of psychotherapyD. the effects of positive thinking differ from person to person(E)Section DDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions and complete the statements in the fewest possible words.An addiction（瘾）is an activity or substance we are eager to experience repeatedly, and for which we are willing if necessary to pay a price. Common addictions involve alcohol, cigarettes, food, drugs, gambling, etc. This article discusses the concepts which can be helpful in coping with addictive behavior.Relatively minor addictions, such as watching too much television, or lying in bed on weekend mornings, are often not even considered addictions, because the price paid for engaging in them is not high. On the other hand, we tend to use the term “addict” to describe the person who, at least in the eyes of others, continues to be addicted in a behavior long after it has become clear that the substantial price being paid was not worth the benefit. The individual who has lost career, house, family and friends because of cocaine (可卡因) use, but is unwilling to consider stopping is an unfortunate example.Negative addictions range from those with very minor negative consequences, to those as serious as the cocaine addict just mentioned, with much area in between. Although it is not necessarily true that a negative addiction grows stronger over time, yet a constant level of addictive behavior (e.g., overspending $ 200 a week ) can lead to an increasing level of negative consequences.You may be surprised to learn that addictions can also be considered positive. Positive addictions are those in which the benefits outweigh the price. A common example would be the habit of regular exercise. The price of membership in a gym, the time involved and any clothing expense is outweighed by the benefits of better health, energy, self-confidence and appearance. As with negative addictions, positive addictions may not get stronger over time, and there is a broad range of how much benefit is actually obtained.What is common to both positive and negative addictions is the urge to engage in the addictive behavior, and the satisfaction that is felt when the urge is acted upon. The urge is a state of tension and expectation that is experienced uncomfortably as a desire for the substance or activity. Because we experience relief when the urge is acted upon, there is an increased likelihood that we will act on the urge again.81. What does the passage mainly talk about?___________________________________________________________________________. 82. We use the term “addict” to describe a person when he or she goes on ________even though he or she knows it is not worthwhile.83. Why is exercising in the gym considered to be a positive addiction?___________________________________________________________________________. 84. How do people feel when the urge is acted on?___________________________________________________________________________. (Note: Answer the questions and complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS)第II卷（47分）I. Translation (22%)Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1、中国文化与西方文化是不同的。

上海市八校2015届高三上学期期中联考英语试题 PDF版无答案

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徐汇区,松江,金山2015二模卷英语

徐汇区高三英语二模卷2015.4 II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)As you get older, it feels like time tends to move faster. As Dan Ariely explains over at The Wall Street Journal, we tend to fall into familiar routines (25) we age and that makes time move quickly.We perceive time as something like a stack of memories, so the less new experiences you have, the (26) (likely) you are to fill in those memories with interesting things.Time does go by (or, more accurately, it feels as if time is going by) more quickly, the older we get.In the first few years of our lives, anything we sense or do is brand new, and many of our experiences are unique, so they remain firmly in our memories. But as (27) years go by, we encounter fewer and fewer new experiences—both because we (28) (accomplish) a lot and because we are slaves to our daily routines.For example, try to remember (29) happened to you every day last week，chances are that nothing extraordinary happened, so you will be hard-pressed to recall the specific things you did on Monday, Tuesday, etc.What can we do about this? Maybe we need some new app that will encourage us to try out new experiences, point out things we‟ve never done, recommend dishes we‟ve never tasted and suggest places we‟ve never been. Such an app (30) make our lives more varied, encourage us to try new things, slow down the passage of time and increase our happiness.(31) such an app arrives, try to do at least one new thing every week. It‟s not too difficult to push (32) to do new things.(B)This afternoon, I spoke with Governor Malloy and FBI Director Mueller. I offered Governor Malloy my condolences（吊唁，慰问）on behalf of the nation, and made it clear that he will have every single resource that he needs (33) (investigate) this heinous（令人发指的）crime, care for the victims, comfort their families.(34) ______ (endure) too many of these tragedies in the past few years. And each time I learn the news I react not as a President, but as anybody else would — as a parent. And that wasespecially true today. I know there‟s not a parent in America who doesn‟t feel the same overwhelming grief that I do.The majority of those (35) died today were children — beautiful little kids between the ages of 5 and 10 years old. They had their entire lives ahead of them —birthdays, graduations, weddings, kids of their own. Among the (36) (fall) were also teachers —men and women who devoted their lives to (37) (help) our children fulfill their dreams.So our hearts are broken today — for the parents and grandparents, sisters and brothers of these little children, and for the families of the adults who (38) (lose). Our hearts are broken for the parents of the survivors as well, for as blessed as they are to have their children home tonight, they know that their children‟s innocence has been torn away from them too early, and there are no words that will ease their pain.As a country, we have been through this too many times. (39) it‟s an elementary school in Newtown, or a shopping mall in Oregon, or a temple in Wisconsin, or a movie theater in Aurora, or a street corner in Chicago —these neighborhoods are our neighborhoods, and these children are our children. And we‟re going to have to come together and take meaningful action to prevent more tragedies (40) this, regardless of the politics.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. instructionsB. randomC. highlyD. revealedE. simplyF. establishedG. situations H. confirmed I. senses J. common K. routinesPosting a photo of the food you‟re about to eat on WeChat has become a daily ritual（惯例；仪式）for many. Often this food in the photo isn‟t as appealing to those looking at it, but scientists are now claiming taking a photo of your food before you eat it makes it taste better.Researchers at University of Minnesota‟s Carlson School of Manage ment claim taking a photo puts you in the moment and in doing so, heightens your (41)______. The person taking the photo will, on some level, feel the motivation to continue the practice.Researchers wondered about the power of rituals after noticing the funny (42)______ that people often perform before eating and drinking. They conducted experiments to investigate whether these kinds of habitual behaviour influences taste.In the first experiment, some participants were asked to eat a piece of chocolate following a detailed set of (43)______: …Without unwrapping the chocolate bar, break it in half. Unwrap half of the bar and eat it. Then, unwrap the other half and eat it.‟The other participants were (44)______ instructed to relax for a short amount of time and then eat the chocolate bar however they wanted.The results showed that those who had performed the ritual rated the chocolate more (45)______, enjoyed it more, and were willing to pay more for the chocolate than the other group.A second experiment (46)______ these findings, showing that (47)______ movements don‟t produce a more enjoyable eating experience. The data also (48)______ that a longer delay between ritual and consumption enhanced these effects, even with a common food like carrots.While these rituals may seem insignificant, the researchers note that the effects they produce are quite amazing. And while rituals are (49)______ before mealtimes, they could play a role in other (50)______, too.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.An e xamination is a very important part of life, which is used to test a person‟s ability. But as you know many of us has (51)_____ and are afraid of it. Though they know that exams are there for their benefit, they still have a lot of fear for it. It is very often we find such people. You will find such people a little anxious and a little stressed about their exams. Many a time such nerves can be (52)_____ and useful to you, for others it‟s nerve wrecking.To overcome these nerves we got some tips for you. Don‟t get too excited about the exams and for that don‟t drink too much of the coffee or tea to cope up with the exam (53)_____. Eat a healthy and proper diet and don‟t worry about the exams while eating. Stress can be harmful to you (54)_____ sometimes. It can cause a lot of problems in your body, which can be increased heartbeat and breath, sweating palms, nervous attitude, stressed about exams, etc...Before moving to the examination hall you prepare thoroughly about the exams. For that firstly make a list of what is to be studied and then make an overlook for that. Now divide each subject into some easy sub-classes. Go through some (55)_____ question papers and study your earlier mistakes made in it. Make a perfect schedule for your study. Overlook the (56) _____ used for answering the questions I mean their pattern and style of writing. Solve few more question papers to achieve a proper time (57)_____. Take some quick breaks in your study time so that you can (58)_____ an interest in your study.Now while taking the exams just relax, control your breath and believe in yourself. Don‟t panic and be optimistic. Try to reduce your stress and be happy. Don‟t (59)_____ at least an hour before the exams, just get yourself calmed down. Keep your focus on the paper and tell yourself that you are (60)_____ prepared. For exams reach before the time and try to (61)_____ in the surroundings. Don‟t listen to any of the exam rumours before exams. If you still can‟t control your exam stress then go for some meditation or hypnosis（冥想或催眠）.Yes, hypnosis, a real good and (62)_____ way to control your nerves and reduce your stress. It can be seen that a person‟s whole life changes completely only from few of the(63)_____ instructions. In hypnosis a person directly deals you‟re your subconscious mind instead of your conscious mind. The fact is your subconscious mind is a lot more (64)_____ and following than your conscious mind, so instructing correctly to your subconscious mind results terrific in reducing your nerves. Hypnosis reduces your fear of failure and (65)_____ a sense of confidence in you. It decreases your negativity and forces you to think positively about your exams. You also multiples your potential. You simply need to get your hands on the hypnosis for examination MP3. This is easily downloadable and you‟ll be well on your path to combating and overcoming the condition.51.A. interest B. panic C. faith D. concept52.A. motivating B. suffering C. shocking D. spreading53.A. participation B. motivation C. expansion D. tension54.A. mentally B. physically C. continuously D. exhaustingly55.A. previous B. patient C. personal D. current56.A. preparations B. lessons C. schedules D. techniques57.A. administration B. management C. limitation D. scale58.A. entertain B. contain C. maintain D. complain59.A. revise B. rush C. instruct D. discuss60.A. normally B. informally C. comparatively D. completely61.A. mix B. resolve C. adjust D. focus62.A. instructive B. significant C. effective D. romantic63.A. appropriate B. splendid C. original D. negative64.A. impatient B. obedient C. ordinary D. desirable65.A. enjoys B. shakes C. generates D. generalizesSection BDirections:Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.AThere were so many nights when I, as a young boy, had to watch helplessly as my father verbally and physically abused my mother. I can still recall the smell of alcohol, see the fear in my mother‟s eyes, and feel the hopeless misery that comes when we see people we love hurting each other in incomprehensible ways.I would not wish that experience on anyone, especially not a child. If I settle down in those memories, I can feel myself wanting to hurt my father back, in the same ways he hurts my mother and in ways of which I was incapable as a small boy. I see my mother‟s face and I see this gentle human being whom I loved so very much and who did nothing to deserve the pain imposed upon her.When I recall this story, I realize how difficult the process of forgiving truly is. Intellectually, I know my father caused pain because he was in pain. Spiritually, I know my faithtells me my father deserves to be forgiven as God forgive us all. But it is still difficult. The sufferings we have witnessed or experienced live on in our memories. Even years later they can cause us fresh pain each time we recall them.Are you hurt and suffering? Is the injury new, or is it an old, unhealed wound? Know that what was done to you was wrong, unfair, and undeserved. You are right to be outraged. And it is perfectly normal to want to hurt back when you have been hurt. But hurting back rarely satisfies. We think it will, but it doesn‟t. If I slap you after you slap me, it does not lessen the sting I feel on my own face, nor does it weaken my sadness as to the fact you have struck me. Revenge gives, at best, only momentary relief from our emotional pain. The only way to experience healing and peace is to forgive. Until we can forgive, we remain locked in our pain and locked out of the possibility of experiencing healing and freedom; locked out of the possibility of being at peace.Without forgiveness, we remain tied to the person who harmed us. We are bound with chains of bitterness, trapped. Until we can forgive the person who harmed us, that person will hold the keys to our happiness; that person will be our jailer (监狱看守).When we forgive, we take back control of our own fate and our feelings. We become our own liberators. Forgiveness, in other words, is the best form of self-interest. This is true both spiritually and scientifically. We don‟t forgive to help the other person. We don‟t forgive for others. We forgive for ourselves.66.Why did the writer mention the story of his father‟s abuse of his mom?A. Because he loved his mom and wanted to fight back someday.B. Because his father finally realized his own mistake and was forgiven.C. Because witnessing his mom‟s suffering is still hurting him and has no way to relieve.D. Because he felt that he was spiritually relieved from the pain through forgiveness.67.The writer wrote the article in order to tell people that _____.A. we may never heal our pains or sufferings in the heart unless we learn to forgiveB. we should never forget the sufferings buried in our heartsC. we may get tied to the person who harmed us all through lifeD. we shouldn‟t worry about the pains we caused, since forgiving is always easier thanimagined68.What is the 4th paragraph mainly about?A. Hurting back does no good to relieving one‟s own hurts, but forgiving.B. If someone slaps you, you just slap back, which will lessen your pain.C. The sufferings we have witnessed or experienced will live on in our memories for ever.D. After being hurt, if one wants to experience healing and freedom, he should forget thehurt.69.Which of the following statements is the closest in meaning to the underlined sentence?A. In order to help others, we should stop forgiving and fight back.B. The purpose of our forgiving is not to help other people.C. Our forgiving is also useful to helping others, though they may have hurt us.D. Only by forgiving others can we help them to be good people.BWriting a book review is not like writing a fiction, where you have your freedom to express any type of literary mood. Here, you are limited within the scope, which is related only to the book or the literature and nothing else. To write a proper literary review, you should follow some important dos and don‟ts, which are discussed here.Top 3 dosSelect a literature of your choice and read it thoroughly. If required, you should read it multiple times, before you really frame up the literary review in your mind. While reading, try to assimilate the thoughts and philosophy of the author behind the book and also to analyze all the characters and events described in the literary piece. Start to pen down your literary analysis only when you have a complete understanding of the book, and not before that.Prepare your write-up based on your understanding of the book. Since you are reviewing the book, your opinion plays an important role here. If you prefer any particular character or any particular instance from the book, then expose that character or the situation in your review, to give it more importance. Also determine your preference with supporting logic. Ultimately it is your understanding of the book, and it can differ from others‟ viewpoint. But you should stick to your opinion.Follow a proper format to construct your book review. It should have a proper introduction and a conclusion, other than the usual subject body. Distribute the subject body in chapters and paragraphs, to give a nice, structured look. Also, add a list of reference material at the end of the book. A structured material always carries a good impression and also, it helps the reader to go through the article at ease.Top 3 don’tsBook reviews are not exactly meant for writing a summary on the books. The objective of writing a book review is to arouse the curiosity in the mind of the readers. If someone mentions everything in the summary then the actual intention is lost.As mentioned earlier, one should not cross your limit to write a literary review. Do not bring up unnecessary topics to increase the length of the write-up, which is not at all related to the book. The readers want to learn about the book and not something irrelevant. Also, a smart and crisp writing helps to create a positive impression.You can go through reference books or articles on your subject, before you start preparing your article. But that should be completely with the intention of getting help in your understanding of the book. These reference items will help to strengthen your grip on the subject. But, you should never copy a single line of text from any other document or write-up. Plagiarism(剽窃), in any form, is a punishable offence by law. It will also destroy yourreputation and close all the future avenues in this field.If you can follow the above dos and don‟ts religiously to write a book review, then it is going to be more original and interesting.70.Which of the following words is closest in meaning to the underlined word “assimilate”inparagraph 2?A. stimulateB. fertilizeC. digestD. enhance71.The purpose of writing a review on a book is _____.A. to show your understanding of the thoughts and philosophy of the author behind thebookB. to show that you really stick to your own opinion though you‟ve read the bookC. to arouse reader s‟ curiosity to read more books on irrelevant topicsD. to spark reader s‟ interests in finding the book and reading it72.Which of the following is NOT true about the “dos”?A. Before writing a book review, you‟d better read it thoroughly or many times.B. Write down your literary analysis when reading the book.C. If you are interested in certain situation in the book, you can hardly give it too muchimportance in your review.D. A good review consists of a proper introduction and a conclusion, as well as anice-structured subject body.73.The following statements are “don’ts” when writing a summary except _____.A. going through reference books or articles on your subject, before you start preparingyour articleB. presenting all the detailed description of the book in the summaryC. the thought or action of putting anything irrelevant to the book into the summaryD. any forms of copying the text from others‟ written workCThe orangutan (红毛猩猩), the most inactive of the great apes,has unusually stable DNA, too. Researchers have just completed thesequencing(序列) of the entire genome(基因组) of ourorange-haired relative, and they have found to their surprise that itsDNA has changed much less dramatically over time than has that ofhumans or chimpanzees. “The orangutan is very unique,” says DevinLocke, a structural geneticist heading the orangutan sequencingproject.The orangutan genome had one other big surprise. Locke andcolleagues sequenced six Sumatran and five Bornean orangutans,which are classified as different species. The apes have been physically separated for at least 21,000 years—the last time land bridges between the two islands existed—and earlier studies estimated that they became distinct species more than 1 million years ago. But the new analysis, reported online today in Nature, rewrites history: it appears they parted ways just 400,000 years ago. “Most previous studies used small sets of markers and a limited amount of DNA sequence,” says Locke. “The statistical power is so much greater when you ha ve the whole genome available.”The orangutan now joins chimpanzees and humans as the third great ape to have its genome sequenced. “The orangutan genome is a wonderful resource,” says evolutionary geneticist Svante Pääbo of the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Leipzig, Germany. “It will help clarify how each part of human and African ape genomes are related to each other and evolved.”Such insights are already coming in. Orangutans originated some 12 million to 16 million years ago, giving their genomes much more time to evolve than those of humans and chimpanzees, which split into their own lineages（血统）5 million to 6 million years ago. But a comparison of the three genomes shows that humans and chimpanzees lose or gain new genes at twice the rate of orangutans.The reason may have to do with stretches of DNA called retrotransposons. These key drivers of evolution jump around the genome, creating new genes, damaging existing ones, or altering gene regulation. The new data reveal that common retrotransposons known as Alu elements have moved around the orangutan genome much less than they have in the human and chimpanzee genomes. “I don‟t want to say that …Alu retrotransposition events‟ are shut off in orangutans, but they‟ve been covered up,” says Locke.The researchers also discovered that, over time, the structure of orangutan chromosomes （染色体）has changed little, which may be linked to the Alu element finding. Other researchers have suggested that the strong and healthy structural variation in humans and chimps may have stimulated increased intelligence. But Locke notes that orangutans are also highly intelligent. “If orangutans have had very little structural variation, maybe this decouples structural variation from intelligence,” he says.A separate but related study published today in Genome Research reports yet another unexpected finding from a comparison of the three great ape genomes. A team led by Mikkel H. Schierup and Thomas Mailund of Aarhus University in Denmark (both co-authors of the Nature report) discovered that some regions of the human genome more closely resemble the orangutan than the chimpanzee. This reflects the fact that at the time humans split off from a common ancestor with chimps, both species had the same ancestral orangutan DNA. But humans and chimpanzees have evolved separately for millions of years. In the process, chimps for mysterious reasons lost some orangutan DNA that humans kept possession of.More surprises are sure to come as researchers compare the genomes of even more apes. Projects to sequence the other two great apes, gorillas and bonobos, are under way.74.Orangutans from two islands, Sumatran and Bornean, became different species since______.A. at least 21,000 years agoB. over 1 million years agoC. some 12 million to 16 million years agoD. 400,000 years ago75.Which of the following statements is TRUE according to this passage?A. Compared with the DNA of orangutan, chimpanzee‟s is less changed over time.B. Only three apes‟ genomes have been sequenced up to now.C. Humans‟ ancestors stepped on their way of evolution 12 to 16 millions years ago.D. Chimpanzees gain new genes faster than orangutans do in evolution.76.The reason of orangutan‟s little change in DNA is that _____.A. this species is not as active in intelligence as humans or chimpanzees.B. the newly identified Alu elements is believed to have played a special roleC. Alu retrotranspositions in orangutan are shut off during the course of evolutionD. orangutan‟s low intelligence fails to stimulate the change of its DNA77.Some region of human genome is more similar to that of orangutan than chimp‟s because_____.A. human and orangutan share the same ancestor, but chimp doesn‟tB. humans and chimpanzees have evolved separately for millions of yearsC. chimps failed to hang on to orangutan DNA for some unknown reason, but human didn‟tD. chimps didn‟t act as actively as humans, resulting in their losing some critical orangutanDNASection CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.____________________________________________Technology means different things to different people. A physician might think of technology as a way to produce a new medicine. To a space engineer, it might mean making better rocket engines. Technology is so wide spread that it is part of everyone‟s life. Originally, the word technology comes from the Greek word techne, which means “art”. You might think that art means only paintings or sculpture. But the Greeks believed an artist could make useful products from natural materials such as trees, rocks, and plants.What school subjects are related to technology?Though people‟s opinions vary on what groups of technology should be broken down to, you, when in school, may have the question: Why should you study technology? That question is easy to answer. Technology is fun, rewarding, and exciting. It is fun because you get to work with your hands. It is rewarding because you get to see the results of your work. Each day it brings new ideas and new challenges, which make technology exciting. Studying technologywill also help you develop your problem-solving skills. You can learn to identify a problem and come up with a solution. You will also find that technology is related to other subjects that you study in school such as:MathematicsScienceSocial studiesEnglish language artsArtYou might enjoy all of your classes more after you begin to see the relationships between technology and other subjects.Do you know what “technologically literate” means?Technology is often in the news. A journalist might report on a particular electrical power plant, a food additive, or a safety device on an automobile. It is important that you understand the importance of technology. Every day in many ways, technology affects the lives of people around the world. For example, automobile air bags have saved many lives in collisions. However, they inflate so quickly that they have caused injury and death in some cases. As a result, the federal government allows car owners to install an on/off switch for the air bags. Do you think the government should let people do this? To answer this question, you first need to know something about the technology being discussed.Does working on a small engine sound difficult to you? With a basic understanding of technology, it might not be as hard as you think. Being technologically literate means understanding technology and feeling comfortable with it. Sometimes there is no one correct answer to a problem. You need to think about and evaluate each situation, and then make a decision. When you can do this, you will be technologically literate.78.What can the title of the first paragraph be to match the other two?_________________________________________________________________.79.You can have ____________, since when studying technology, every day you work withyour hands, see the results of your work, and have new ideas and new challenges.80.Why are car owners allowed to switch off their air bags?________________________________________________________________________.81.A technological literate can be a person who ____________________________________.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in No More Than Fifteen Words.)第II卷（共47分）I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1.众所周知，大量砍树对自然平衡有灾难性的影响。

2015年全国高考英语上海卷(完整版并附答案)

2015年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试上海英语试卷第I卷(共103分)I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. Impatient. B. Confused. C. Pleased. D. Regretful.2. A. At a bus stop. B. At a laundry. C. At the dentist’s. D. At the chemist’s.3. A. An actor. B. A salesman. C. A translator. D. A writer.4. A. He lost his classmate’s homework. B. He can’t help the woman with her math.B. He broke the woman’s calculator. D. He doesn’t know where the “on” button is.5. A. The woman should go to another counter. B. The woman gives the man so many choices.C. The man dislikes the sandwiches offered there.D. The man is having trouble deciding what to eat.6. A. She has no idea where to find the man’s exam result.B. She isn’t allowed to tell students their grades.C. Dr. White hasn’t finished grading the papers.D. Dr. White doesn’t want to be contacted while he’s away.7. A. Move to a neat dormitory. B. Find a person to share their apartment.B. Clean the room with the roommate. D. Write an article about their roommate.8. A. Bob won’t take her advice. B. Bob doesn’t want to go abroad.C. She doesn’t think Bob should study overseas.D. She hasn’t talked to Bob since he went abroad.9. A. The snack bar isn’t usually so empty. B. Dessert is served in the snack bar.C. The snack bar is near the library.D. Snacks aren’t allowed in the library.10. A. Take her bicycle to the repair shop. B. Leave her bicycle outside.C. Clean the garage after the rain stops.D. Check if the garage is dry.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a ques-tion, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the ques-tion you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. It helps care for customers’ dogs. B. You have to buy food for dogs.C. None of the dogs are caged.D. There is a dog named Princess.12. A. She likes the food there. B. She enjoys the fun with a pet.C. She can have free coffee.D. She doesn’t like to be alone.13. A. A new kind of café. B. A new brand of coffee.C. A new home for pets.D. A new way to raise pets.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. A trend that high achievers are given lower salary.B. A view that life quality is more important than pay.C. A dream of the young for fast-paced jobs.D. A new term created by high achievers.15. A. 10%. B. 12%. C. 6% D. 7%.16. A. People are less satisfied with their lives. B. The financial investment may increase.C. Well-paid jobs are not easy to find.D. Unexpected problems may arise.Section CDirections: In Section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatical-ly correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)Gift from a strangerMy local supermarket is always busy. The first parking space I found was convenient, but I’d noticed a woman in a blue car circling for a while. (25) _________ I was in a good mood, I let her have it. On the edge of the car park I backed into the next available spot—it was a tight fit.Pretty soon I’d made my way through the supermarket and was back in the fresh air. Feeling good, I (26)________ (empty) my purse change into the hands of a homeless man and helped a struggling woman re-verse park.Just as I approached my car, I saw the woman I’d let have my car space earlier. She was giving me (27) _____ odd look—half puzzled, half intent (热切的). I smiled and wished her a pleasant day. As I squeezed back into my car, I spotted the same lady (28) _____ (look) in at me. “Hello,” she said, hesitantly. “This (29) ______ sound crazy but I was on my way to drop some of my mother’s things off at the charity bins. You are just so much (30) ____________ her. You helped those people, I noticed, and you seemed so happy.” She looked at me meaningfully and passed a box in through the window. “I think she would like you to have it.” (31) _________ (shock), I took it from her automatically. She smiled and walked away.After a pause, I opened the box. Inside was a beautiful gold necklace with a large grey pearl. It was (32) __________ (nice) gift I’d ever received, and it was from a complete stranger. The necklace was around my neck, a warm reminder of human kindness.(B)Ask Helpful HannahDear Helpful Hannah,I’ve got a problem with my husband, Sam. He bought a smartphone a couple of months ago and he took it on our recent ski vacation to Colorado. It was a great trip except for one problem. He has a constant urge (33) _______ (check) for text messages; he checks his phone every five minutes! He’s so addicted to it that he justcan’t stand the idea (34) ________ there may be an important text. He can’t help checking even at inappropriate times like when we are eating in a restaurant and I am talking to him! He behaves (35) _____ _____ any small amount of boredom can make him feel the need to check his phone even when he knows he shouldn’t. The temptation to see (36) ___________ is contacting him is just too great. When I ask him to please put down the phone and stop (37)___________ (ignore) me, he says, “In a minute,” but still checks to see if (38) _________ has posted something new on the Internet. Our life (39) ____________ (interrupt). If we go somewhere and I ask him to leave the phone at home, he suffers from withdrawal symptoms. Maybe this dependency on his smartphone has become more than an everyday problem.I recently read an article about “nomophobia,” (40) __________ is a real illness people can suffer from the fear of being without your phone! I am worried that Sam may be suffering from this illness because he feels anxious if he doesn’t have his phone with him, even for a short time.Who would have thought that little devices like these could have brought so much trouble?Sick and Tired SadieSection BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once.Considering how much time people spend in offices, it is important that work spaces be well designed. Well-designed office spaces help create a corporation’s image. They motivate workers, and they make an im-pression on people who visit and might be potential , or __41__, customers. They make businesses work better, and they are a part of the corporate culture we live in.As we move away from an industrial –based economy to a knowledge-based one, office designers have come up with __42___ to the traditional work environments of the past. The design industry has moved away from a fixed office setup and created more flexible “strategic management environments.”These ___43___ solutions are meant to support better organizational performance.As employee hierarchies (等级制度) have flattened, or decreased, office designers’response to this change has been to move open-plan areas to more desirable locations within the office and create fewer formal private offices. The need for increased flexibility has also been __44___ by changes in workstation design. Of-fices and work spaces often are not __45___ to a given person on a permanent basis. Because of changes to methods of working, new designs allow for expansion or movement of desks, storage, and equipment within the workstation. Another important design goal is communication, which designers have improved by lowering the walls that ___46____ workstations. Designers have also created informal gathering places, and upgraded employees’ __47___ to heavily trafficked areas such as copy and coffee rooms.Corporate and institutional office designers often struggle to resolve a number of competing and often ___48__ demands, including budgetary limits, employee hierarchies, and technological innovation (especially in relation to computerization). These demands must also be balanced with the need to create interiors(内饰) that in some way enhance, establish, or promote a company’s image and will enable employees to __49__ st their best.All these __50___ of office design are related. The most successful office designs are like a good mar-riage--- the well-designed office and the employees that occupy it are seemingly made for each other.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fillin each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.If you studied pictures that ancient people left on rock walls and you tried to determine their meaning, you would not detect interest in romance among the artists. 51 , you would see plenty of animals with people running after them. Life for ancient people’s earned to center on hunting and gathering wild foods for meals.In modern times, when food is available in grocery stores, finding love is more 52 in people’s lives. The 53 is all around us. It is easy to prepare a list of modern stories having to do with love. An endless number of books and movies qualify as love stories in popular culture.Researchers are studying whether love, a highly valued emotional state, can be 54 . They ask, what is love? Toothpaste companies want us to think attraction is all about clean teeth, but clean teeth go only so far. Scientists wonder how much the brain gets involved. You have probably heard that opposites attract but that55 attract, too. One thing is certain: The truth about love is not yet set in stone.First ImpressionTo help determine the 56 of attraction, researchers paired 164 college classmates and had them talk for 3, 6 or 10 minu tes so they could get a sense of each other’s individuality. Then students were asked to57 what kind of relationship they were likely to build with their partners. After nine weeks, they reported what happened.As it turned out, their 58 judgments often held true. Students seemed to 59 at an early stage who would best fit into their lives.The 60 KnowsScientists have also turned to nonhumans to increase understanding of attraction. Many animals give off pheromones—natural chemicals that can be detected by, and then can produce a response in, other animals of the same species. Pheromones can signal that an animal is either ready to fight or is feeling 61 to partner-ships. In contrast, humans do not seem to be as 62 as other animals at detecting such chemicals. Smell, however, does seem to play a part in human attraction. Although we may not be aware of chemicals like pher-omones consciously, we give and receive loads of information through smell in every interaction with other people.Face ValueBeing fond of someone seems to have a number of factors, including seeing something we find attractive. Researchers had people judge faces for 63 . The participants had 0.013 seconds to view each face, yet somehow they generally considered the images the same as people who had more time to study the same faces. The way we 64 attractiveness seem to be somewhat automatic.When shown an attractive face and then words with good or bad associations, people responded to 65 words faster after viewing an attractive face. Seeing something attractive seems to cause happy thinking.51. A. Instead B. Therefore C. Moreover D. Otherwise52. A. romantic B. stressful C. central D. artificial53. A. priority B. proof C. possibility D. principle54. A. seated B. impressed C. changed D. erased55. A. appearances B. virtues C. similarities D.56. A. illustrations B. imaginations C. ingredients D. instructors57. A. predict B. investigate C. diagnose D. recall58. A. critical B. initial C. random D.59. A. memorize B. distinguish C. negotiate D. question60. A. Nose B. Eye C. Heart D. Hand61. A. open B. alert C. resistant D. superior62. A. disappointed B. amazed C. confused D. gifted63. A. emotion B. attractiveness C. individuality D. signals64. A. enhance B. possess C. maintain D. asses65. A. familiar B. plain C. positive D. irritatingSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best ac-cording to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Look to many of history’s cultural symbols, and there you’ll find an ancestor of Frosty, the snowman in the movie Frozen. It appeared on some of the first postcards, starred in some of the earliest silent movies, and was the subject of a couple of the earliest photos, dating all the way back to the 1800s. I discovered even more about one of humanity’s earliest forms of life art during several years of research around the world.For example, snowmen were a phenomenon in the Middle Ages, built with great skill and thought. At a time of limited means of expression, snow was like free art supplies dropped from the sky. It was a popular ac-tivity for couples to leisurely walk through town to view the temporary works of chilly art. Some were created by famous artists, including a 19-year-old Michelangelo, who in 1494 was appointed by the ruler of Florence, Italy, to build a snowman in his mansion’s courtyard.The Miracle of 1511 took place during six freezing works called the Winter of Death. The city of Brussels was covered in snowmen—an impressive scene that told stories on every street corner. Some were political in nature, criticizing the church and government. Some were a reflection of people’s imagination. For the people of Brussels, this was a defining moment of defining freedom. At least until spring arrived, by which time they were dealing with damaging floods.If you fear the heyday of the snowman has passed, don’t worry: I’ve learned that some explosive snowman history is still being made today. Every year since 1818, the people of Zurich, Switzerland, celebrate the begin-ning of spring by blowing up a snowman. On the third Monday of April, the holiday Sechselauten is kicked off when a cotton snowman called the Boogg is stuffed with explosive and paraded through town by bakers and other tradesmen who throw bread to the crowds. The parade ends with the Boogg being placed on a 40-foot pile of firewood. After the bells of the Church of St. Peter have rung six times, representing the passing of winter, the pile is lit. When the snowman explodes, winter is considered officially over—the quicker it is burnt down, the longer summer is said to be.66. According to the passage, why did snowmen become a phenomenon in the Middle Ages?A. People thought of snow as holy art supplies.B. People longed to see masterpieces of snow.C. Building snowmen was a way for people to express themselves.D. Building snowmen helped people develop their skill and thought.67.“The heyday of the snowman” (Paragraph 4) means the time when___________.A. snowmen were made mainly by artistsB. snowmen enjoyed great popularityC. snowmen were politically criticizedD. snowmen caused damaging floods68. In Zurich, the blowing up of the Boogg symbolizes__________________.A. the start of the paradeB. the coming of a longer summerC. the passing of the winterD. the success of tradesmen69. What can be concluded about snowmen from the passage?A. They were appreciated in historyB. They have lost their valueC. They were related to moviesD. They vary in shape and size(B)Scary Bunny70. In the film review, what is Paragraph A mainly about?A. The introduction to the leading rolesB. The writer’s opinion of actingC. The writer’s comments on the storyD. The background information 71. According to the film review, “monster ” (Paragraph B) refers to ______. A. a gun-crazy hunter B. a brainy dogC. a scary rabbitD. a giant vegetable 72. Which of the following is a reason why the writer recommends the film?A. It’s full of wit and hum our.B. Its characters show feelings without words.C. It is an adventure film directed by Peter Sallis.D. It is about the harmony between man and animals. (C)One of the executives gathered at the Aspen Institute for a day-long leadership workshop using the works of Shakespeare was discussing the role of Brutus in the death of Julius Caesar. “Brutus was not an honorable man,” he said. “He was a traitor (叛徒). And he murdered someone in cold blood.” The agreement was thatThe Curse of the Were-Rabbit (2005) is the first full-length feature film made by directors Nick Park and Steve Box with their amazing plasticine (粘土) characters Wallace and Gromit. It won an Oscar in 2006, and if you watch it, you’ll understand why. It’s an absolut ely brilliant cartoon comedy. A Cheese-loving inventor Wallace and his brainy dog Gromit have started a company to protect the town’s vegetables from hungry rabbits. However, just before the annual Gi-ant Vegetable Competition, an enormous rabbit begins terrorising the town. It is attacking all the vegetables and destroying everything in its path. The competition organ-izer, Lady Tottington, hires Wallace and Gromit to catch the monster alive. But they will have to find the were-rabbit before gun-crazy hunter Victor Quartermaine who is desperate to kill it. B The screenplay is witty and full of amusing visual jokes. As usual, the voice of Peter Sallis is absolutely perfect for the role of Wallace, and Gromit is so beautifully brought to life, he can express a huge range of emotions without saying a word. And both Helena Bonham-Carter, who plays the part of Lady Tottington, and Ralph Fiennes as Victor are really funny. C To sum up, The Curse of the Were-Rabbit is an amaz-ing film which is suitable for both children and adults. If you liked Wallace and Gromit’s previous adventures and you appreciate the British sense of humour, you’ll love this film. Don’t miss it! DBrutus had acted with cruelty when other options were available to him. He made a bad decision, they said—at least as it was presented by Shakespeare—to take the lead in murdering Julius Caesar. And though one of the executives acknowledged that Brutus had the good of the republic in mind, Caesar was nevertheless his superi-or. “You have to endeavor,” the executives said, “our policy is to obey the chain of command.”During the last few years, business executives and book writers looking for a new way to advise corporate America have been exploiting Shakespeare’s wisdom for profitable ends. None more so than husband and wife team Kenneth and Carol Adelman, well-known advisers to the White House, who started up a training compa-ny called “Movers and Shakespeare”. They are amateur Sh akespeare scholars and Shakespeare lovers, and they have combined their passion and their high level contacts into a management training business. They conduct between 30 and 40 workshops annually, focusing on half a dozen different plays, mostly for corporations, but also for government agencies.The workshops all take the same form, focusing on a single play as a kind of case study, and using indi-vidual scenes as specific lessons. In Julius Caesar , sly provocation (狡诈的挑唆) of Brutus to take up arms against the what was a basis for a discussion of methods of team building and grass roots organism.Although neither of the Adelmans is academically trained in literature, the programmes, contain plenty of Shakespeare tradition and background. Their workshop on Henry V, for example, includes a helpful explana-tion of Henry’s winning strategy at the Battle of Agincourt. But they do come to the text with a few biases (偏向): their reading of Henry V minimizes his misuse of power. Instead, they emphasize the story of the youth who seizes opportunity and becomes a masterful leader. And at the workshop on Caesar, Mr. Adelmans had little good to say about Brutus, saying “the noblest Roman of them all” couldn’t make his mind up about things.Many of the participants pointed to very specific elements in the play that they felt related Caesar’s pride, which led to his murder, and Brutus’s mistakes in leading the after the murder, they said, raise vital questions for anyone serving as a business when and how do you resist the boss?73. According to paragraph 1, what did all the executives think of Brutus?A. Cruel.B. Superior.C. Honorable.D. Fake.74. According to the pa ssage, the Adelmans set up “Movers and Shakespeare” to ________.A. help executives to understand Shakespeare’s plays betterB. give advice on leadership by analyzing Shakespeare’s playsC. provide case studies of Shakespeare’s plays in literature workshop sD. guide government agencies to follow the characters in Shakespeare’s plays.75. Why do the Adelmans conduct a workshop on Henry V?A. To highlight the importance of catching opportunities.B. To encourage masterful leaders to plan strategies to win.C. To illustrate the harm of prejudices in management.D. To warn executives against power misuse.76. It can be inferred from the passage that ________.A. the Adelmans’ programme proves biased as the roles of characters are maximized.B. executives fee l bored with too many specific elements of Shakespeare’s plays.C. the Adelmans will make more profits if they are professional scholars.D. Shakespeare has played an important role in the management field.77. The best title for the passage is _____.A. S hakespeare’s plays: Executives reconsider corporate cultureB. Shakespeare’s plays: An essential key to business successC. Shakespeare’s plays: a lesson for business motivationD. Shakespeare’s plays: Dramatic training brings dramatic resultsSection CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.Youth sport has the potential to accomplish three important objectives in children’s development. First, sport programs can provide youth with opportunities to be physically active, which can lead to improved phys-ical health. Second, youth sport programs have long been considered important to youth’s psychosocial deve l-opment, providing opportunities to learn important life skills such as cooperation, discipline, leadership, and self-control. Third, youth sport programs are critical for the learning of motor skills; these motor skills serve as a foundation for future national sport stars and recreational adult sport participants. When coachers develop activities for youth practices and when sport organizations design youth-sport programs, they must consider the implication of deliberate play and deliberate practice.Research from Telama (2006) states that regular participation in deliberate play or deliberate practice ac-tivities during childhood and youth (ages nine to eighteen) increases the likelihood of participation in sports during adulthood by six times for both males and females. Côté (2002) defines deliberate play activities in sport as those designed to maximize enjoyment. These activities are regulated by flexible rules adapted from stand-ardized sport rules and are set up by the children or by an involved adult. Children typically change rules to find a point where their game is similar to the actual sport but still allows for play at their level. For example, children may change soccer and basketball rules to suit their needs and environment (e.g. in the street. on a playing field or in someone’s backyard). When involved in deliberat e play activities, children are less con-cerned with the outcome of their outcome of their behavior. (whether they win or lose) than with the behavior. (having fun).On the other hand, Ericsson (1993) suggests that the most effective learning occurs through involvement in highly structured activities defined as deliberate practice. Deliberate practice activities require effort, pro-duce no immediate rewards, and are motivated by the goal of improving performance rather than the goal of enjoyment. When individuals are involved in deliberate play, they experiment with different combinations of behaviors, but not necessarily in the most effective way to improve performance. In contrast, when individuals are involved in deliberate practice, they exhibit behavior. focused on improving performance by the most effec-tive means available. For example, the backhand skills in tennis could be learned and improved over time by playing matches or by creating fun practice situations. However, players could more effectively improve their backhand performance by practicing drills that might be considered less enjoyable. Although drills are used in most effective means available practice might not be the most enjoyable, they might be the most relevant to improving performance.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS)78. Besides the learning of motor skills, what are the other two important objectives of youth sport?79. If children participate in deliberate play or deliberate practice activities, they are more likely to___________________________________________________.80. In deliberate play activities, what do children do to maximize enjoyment?81. In contrast to deliberate play, deliberate practice is aimed at____________.第II卷(共47分)I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1.美食是人们造访上海的乐趣之一。

2015年上海高考英语试卷及答案(word-完整精校版)

2015年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试上海英语试卷（已反复核对，希望最大限度保证准确）考生注意：1。

考试时间120分钟,试卷满分150分.2。

本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。

试卷分为第I卷（第1—12页)和第II卷（第13页)，全卷共13页。

所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写(非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。

3. 答题前,务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名,并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上，在答题纸反面清楚地填写姓名。

第I卷(共103分）I。

Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections:In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers。

At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said。

The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once。

After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper，and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1。

A. Impatient。

B. Confused. C. Pleased. D. Regretful.2。

A. At a bus stop。

B。

At a laundry。

C。

At the dentist’s。

D。

At the chemist’s.3. A. An actor。

B。

A salesman。

C. A translator. D. A writer.4. A. He lost his classmate’s homework。

上海市松江二中高三上学期开学考英语试题含答案

松江二中2013年新高三暑期学习检测（英语）(注：教材牛津版本)第I卷（共105分）-----松江新城校区王莉整理I. Listening ComprehensionSection ASection BSection CII. Grammar and VocabularySection A25. More emphasis should be placed, as you have suggested, ______ the development of theproducts for the children between 3years old to 10 years old.A. withB. onC. ForD. about26. –Which of those electronic dictionaries do you like most?--______. They are both expensive and of little use.A. BothB. NeitherC. NoneD. No one27. –Oh, no, look at this red paint on my dress. Why did the park paint the chairs?--Oh, that’s too bad. They ______ put a sign there.A. couldB. should haveC. mayD. must have28. Animals in the wild have to devote most of their time and energy ______ enough food to survive.A. to obtainB. to obtainingC. obtainingD. obtained29. I’m examining the article he has just finished ______ the possible mistakes in it.A. correctB. to correctC. correctedD. being corrected30. Apple fans are wondering how long it will be ______ iPhone 6 hits mainland China.A. whenB. untilC. thatD. before31. This kind of face cream promises ______ it uses natural ingredients ______ it will make yourskin smoother and brighter.A. that; and thatB. that; thatC. /; /D. /; that32. Despite the rule ______ mobile phones are forbidden in class my deskmate can’t help playingphone games occasionally.A. whichB. whatC. thatD. where33. T he light in Emma’s room is still on. I guess she must be preparing for the exam, ______?A. mustn’t sheB. don’t IC. isn’t sheD. mustn’t I34. Water-filtration technology has advanced to the point ______ wastewater can be made safefor drinking, according to a new report.A. whetherB. thatC. whereD. how35. Up till now, the residents who had close contact with the three sick people ______ undermedical observation.A. putB. have putC. had been putD. have been put36. The return of toys ______ a generation ago, say experts, is largely a generational effect.A. introducingB. was introducedC. being introducedD. introduced37. Regular morning exercise makes your mind clear, thus ______ you to stay healthy andoptimistic for the whole day.A. allowedB. allowsC. has allowedD. allowing38. The police are looking into the accident, hoping to find out ______ that caused it.A. what it wasB. what was itC. how it wasD. how was it39. “You are very selfish. It’s high tim e you ______ that you are not the most important person inthe world,” Edgar said angrily to his boss.A. realizedB. have realizedC. had realizedD. are to realize40. In India more than one hundred languages are spoken, _______ only fourteen are recognizedas official.A. whoseB. whichC. of whichD. with whichSection B(CNN)-- A former Microsoft executive and his son were aboard a turboprop airline that crashed Friday morning into two houses in East Haven, Connecticut, a family member told CNN.There has been "no official confirmation or ____41____ identification" that Bill Henningsgaard and his son were on board, but there is no reason to believe that it was not the two of them, his brother, Blair Henningsgaard, said.Also feared dead in the crash were two children -- ages 1 and 13 -- in one house, East Haven Mayor Joseph Maturo Jr. said. The other house was ____42____.National Transportation Safety Board investigators cannot ____43____ he number of people killed, saying there are reports of four to six people dead.Two bodies were seen inside the home but haven't been recovered because the home is ____44____, East Haven Fire Chief Douglas Jackson said at a press conference Friday afternoon.Fire ____45____ both houses, preventing firefighters from searching for victims, Jackson said, and the basement in the home ____46____ at least two victims was filled with water.Maturo said the children were in one house with their mother when the plane ____47____ shortly before 11:30 a.m. The mother escaped, he said.The fuselage entered one of the homes, Malloy said. The right wing of the airplane could be seen in the smoldering ____48____ of one house, and the left wing was in another house.NTSB investigators will examine whether the weather played a role in the crash. It was raining at the time of the crash.Bill Henningsgaard worked for Microsoft for 14 years, beginning in 1988. He ____49____ as vice president of sales for the western United States, Australia and New ZealandIII. Reading ComprehensionSection AAmerican presidents seem to age before our eyes. But common belief that high-office stress grays our leaders faster than ____50____ may be a myth, new research finds. ____51____, themajority of American presidents have lived longer than typical men of their times. The findings ____52____ to a body of research linking high status to better health: ____53____,Oscar winners live longer than those who were only nominated; and the longevity (长寿) effect is also seen in Nobel Prize winners.The new study, which was published in the Journal of the American Medical Association ____54____ the dates of birth, inauguration and death of all 34 past presidents who died of natural causes. The ____55____ lifespan for these men should have been 68 years，____56____ they'd aged twice as fast during their years in ____57____ as the popular wisdom suggests they do.____58____, the study found, these presidents lived an average 73 years. And indeed, 23 of the 34 presidents who died of natural causes lived longer than ____59____, compared with other men their age during their lifetimes.Some presidents ____60____ an exceptionally long time: Gerald Ford died at 93. 5 years, and Ronald Reagan at 93.3. All ____61____ living presidents have already exceeded their life expectancy, or are likely to do so.So why do people at the top of the hierarchy fare better than those below? ____62____ to wealth, education and the best health care of their times would seem to be obvious factors ____63____ medical attention seems to have actually killed President Garfield, who died from a fatal ____64____--introduced by his doctors' unsterilized (未消过毒的) treatment techniques after he was shot by an assassin.50. A) usual B) regular C) typical D) standard51. A) In brief B) In addition C) In fact D) In consequence52. A) tend B) point C) devote D) add53. A) For instance B) By contrast C) In essence D) Above all54. A) signified B) regulated C) testified D) analyzed55. A) universal B) average C) appropriate D) maximum56 .A) if B) lest C) for D) until57. A) duty B) place C) office D) force58. A) Instead B) Therefore C) Hence D) Meanwhile59. A) suspected B) expected C) identified D) confirmed60. A) survived B) covered C) lasted D) extended61. A) persistently B) virtually C) formally D) currently62. A) Appeal B) Access C) Entrance D) Channel63. A) unless B) because C) although D) since64 .A) syndrome B) diagnosis C) prescription D) infection Section BAYou’re busy filling out the application form for a position you really need. Let’s assume you once actually completed a couple of years of college work or even that you completed your degree. Isn’t it tempting to lie just a little, to claim on the form that your diploma represents a Harvard degree? Or that you finished an extra couple of years back at State University?More and more people are turning to utter deception like this to land their job or to move ahead in their careers, for personnel officers, like most Americans, value degrees from famous schools. A job applicant may have a good education anyway, but he or she assumes that chances of being hired are better with a diploma from a well-known university. Registrars at mostwell-known colleges say they deal with deceitful claims like these at the rate of about one per week.Personnel officers do check up on degrees listed on application forms, then. If it turns out that an applicant is lying, most colleges are reluctant to accuse the applicant directly. One Ivy League school calls them “impostor s (骗子)” ; another refers to them as “ special cases”. One well-known West Coast school, in perhaps the most delicate phrase of all, says that these claims are made by “no such people”.To avoid complete lies, some job-seekers claim that they “ attended” or “ were associated with” a college or university. After carefully checking, a personnel officer may discover that “attending” means being dismissed after one semester. It may be that “being associated with” a college means that the job-seeker visited his younger brother for a football weekend. One school that keeps records of false claims says that the practice dates back at least to the turn of the century—that’s when they began keeping records, anyhow.If you don’t want to lie or even stretch the truth, there are companies that will sell you a phony diploma. One company, with offices in New York and on the West Coast, will put your name on a diploma from any number of nonexistent colleges. The price begins at around twenty dollars for a diploma from “Smoot State University”. The prices increase rapidly for a degree from the “University of Purdue”. As there is no Smoot State and the real school in Indiana is properly called Purdue University, the prices seem rather high for one sheet of paper.65. The writer mainly wants to tell us that _____________A. college degrees can now be purchased easilyB. nowadays it is very hard for people to find jobsC. lying about college degrees is becoming a widespread problemD. employers are no longer interested in applicants’ actual performances66. The underlined word “utter” in the second paragraph means _______.A. thoroughB. carefulC. incompleteD. spoken67. Once finding applicants with false diplomas, most colleges would _______.A. keep the records of themB. drive them out of collegeC. avoid direct conflicts with themD. accuse them of such behavior68. We can learn from the passage that ________.A. US employers value their job applicants with a degree from top universities.B. University of Purdue and Purdue University are the same school.C. people with fake diplomas can get their first jobs in the US easily.D. people pay the same price for a fake diploma from different universities.BChasing DinosaursSchool is out and summer begins. But instead of spending the long hot months at home, Curtis, Eileen and Malcolm are whisked away by their parents to an old dark mansion in the mountains. Through the power of the bookshelf, they unlock the gateway to another world. Back in time, the children discover the wonder of time-travel isn’t just all fun and games. During the prehistoric times, they see the beauty and danger of a world where dinosaurs rule.Chasing the Dinosaurs is the first of a series that combines family, magic and a little bit of suspense in stories that celebrate art, history, and the pleasures of discovery.Katelyn Palmer never believed any harm could come from using someone in her college asthe hero of her first romance novel—the novel that jump-started her writing career. However, when Shane Hunter storms into town, demanding to meet the writer who used his identity, Katelyn is faced with more than her long-silent emotions. If Shane takes her to court for invasion of privacy, her career would be over. But Shane does not expect to be attracted to Katelyn. Author: Marie HigginsPublication Date: November 11, 2012A Father’s LoveFourteen year old David sets off to hunt the Christmas goose, a tradition that has been passed down from his grandfather. Before any geese are spotted, David and his sister, Rose, find themselves up a tree, hiding from an angry mother bear protecting her children. As night draws near, David and Rose fear for their lives. How can their father possibly find them in the dark and cold?Author: Lorhainne EckhartPublication Date: November 21, 2011The Night Before Christmas“The Night Before Christmas is the best known poem in the English langu age. If someone gave us its first line, most of us could recite the second line automatically.” --Bruce David Forbes Clement C. Moore is widely regarded as the very poet of Christmas Eve. The Night Before Christmas was originally published in the New York Troy Sentinel Newspaper in 1823.Author: Clement C. MoorePublication Date: August 31, 201269. Which of the following is TRUE about Dreaming of You?A. Katelyn’s writing career began owing to it.B. It described Marie Higgins’ first writing experience.C. Katelyn is taken to court by Shane.D. The main character of Katelyn’s novel is based on Shane Hunter.70. What happened in the book A Father’s Love?A. David went to the forest to cut down a Christmas tree.B. David and Rose’s lives were threatened in the forest.C. David and Rose’s father failed to find them.D. David and Rose went lost in the forest.71. We learn from the passage that _________.A. Dreaming of You is a romantic story between Katelyn and Shane.B. A Father’s Love is the last one to be published of the books mentioned.C. the children go to another world through a wardrobe in Chasing Dinosaurs.D. Bruce David Forbes is famous for his Christmas PoemsC“I’m feeling a bit under the weather” is a common complaint in Britain, especially on Monday mornings, and it seems that weather really can be responsible for moods. Studies have shown that changeable weather can make it hard to concentrate, cloudy skies slow down reflexes, and high humidity with hot, dry winds makes many people irritable and snappy.If you live in a place like Britain, where the weather seems to change daily if not hourly, you could be forgiven for thinking that the weather is random. In fact the weather is controlled by systems which move around areas of the globe. In the UK the weather depends on depressions, often called “lows”, and anticyclones, also known as “highs”. These systems start in the Atlantic Ocean, and make their way across the British Isles from the west to the east. Highs bring sunny weather, while lows bring rain and wind.The human race has always tried to guess the weather, especially in areas of the world where there are frequent changes. Traditional rhymes point to early attempts to identify weather patterns, popular poems include: Red sky at night, shepherds’ delight; Red sky in the morning, shepherds’ warning, Ash leaf before the oak, then we will have a summer soak; Oak leaf before the ash, the summer comes without a splash, Flies will swarm before a storm.Rain before 7, clear by 11.Two other popular traditional ways of forecasting the weather used pine cones and seaweed. When the air has a high level of humidity there is a higher chance of rain, when the humidity is low, there is more chance of fine weather. Pine cones and seaweed react to changes in humidity - pines cones open, and seaweed feels dry when the humidity is low, while high humidity has the opposite effect. A recent study by an Australian psychologist suggests that certain people may have a special gift for predicting the weather. However it is possible that these people would use their talent in another way, since the same group had considerable success in forecasting changes in another chaotic system- the stock market.It appears that a study of weather patterns may also enable scientists to predict the outbreak of disease. An Ebola epidemic in Uganda in the year 2000 came after the same rare weather conditions that had been present before an outbreak 6 years earlier. Efforts to limit the speed of airborne diseases such as foot and mouth, are also strongly dependent on favorable wind conditions.72. What does “I am feeling a bit under weather” in Para. 1 mean?A. I am feeling a bit annoyed.B. I am feeling a bit uncomfortable.C. I am feeling a bit worried.D. I don’t like such weather.73. What is true about British weather?A. It’s changeable but can be controlled.B. It’s controlled by depressions from Atlantic Ocean.C. It’s completely random and unpredictable.D. It is controlled by the alternation of highs and lows.74. Which is the following suggests the traditional ways of forecasting the weather?A. Using ships and balloons with monitoring equipment.B. Open pinecones and observing.C. Reciting traditional poems about weather.D. Observing pine cones and the seaweed.Some plants won't survive outside once temperatures begin to drop, so here are some tips for keeping plants healthy as you move them indoors.76. ___________________Because the climate varies widely across the country, the time to bring houseplants indoors in the fall also varies. As a general rule, Taylor suggests that a good time to make the move is when temperatures regularly dip below 60 degrees F. For specific plants or to determine when nighttime lows in the 50s might consistently occur in your area, contact your local agricultural extension service.77. ___________________Decide which plants you’re going to bring indoors well ahead of moving day. One thing to consider is the health of the plant. If a plant has been struggling to stay alive outdoors, bringing it indoors to low humidity, dry heat and low light levels will increase the stress on it and you. Give priority to healthy plants and those that have the most sentimental value. If some of your plants have increased in size and are about to burst out of their pots, it’s a good idea to buy any re-potting supplies you will need for this well in advance of moving day to avoid a last-minute rush to the nursery. Taylor recommends a high-quality potting soil, appropriate containers with drainage holes and appropriately sized plastic saucers to place under the pots to avoid staining hardwood floors or carpets when watering.78. ___________________The first thing to do is to thoroughly check the outside of the pot, the plants and the potting medium. Look for signs of hitchhikers, moss or mold on the pots and unwanted guests such as mealy bugs or spider mites on the foliage or earthworms, snails or ants in the potting mix. Scrub the exterior of dirty pots with a solution of 10 percent household bleach and then hose off the bleach solution. Then check the plants for dead or yellowing leaves, and cut them if shaping is required. Finally, several days before bringing the plant indoors, spray the foliage with an insecticidal soap.79. ___________________Before “moving day,” decide where you are going to place each of the plants you will bring inside. It’s always challenging to find the best place for a particular plant, Taylor says. A guide to doing that, he advises, is to place plants that require full sun near south-facing windows and plants that only need partial sun in an east- or west-facing window. One other option he suggests homeowners consider is to use indoor plant lights, which, he adds, are a popular and affordable solution wh en you’re faced with less-than-ideal locations for houseplants.80. ___________________Pots will not dry out as fast indoors as they did in the summer heat, and plants will grow more slowly indoors than they did under strong light conditions. Therefore, they don’t need as much water in the house as they did on the patio. Make sure the soil is dry to the touch before watering. Succulents will need water less often than foliage plants.Section DCreative thinking is the process which we use when we come up with a new idea. Brainstorming is the name given to a situation when a group of people meet to generate new ideasaround a specific area of interest. It is one form of creative thinking and works by combining someone else’s ideas with your own to create a new one. You are using the ideas of others as a stimulus for your own.Brainstorming will help you come up with new ideas. And not only will you come up with new ideas but you will do so with surprisingly little effort. Brainstorming makes the generation of new ideas easy and is a tried-and-tested process. Exactly what you apply brainstorming techniques to depends on what you want to achieve. You can apply them to develop new products, services and processes in your job, or you can apply them to develop your personal life.What is traditional brainstorming? The normal view of brainstorming is that a group of people sit in a room and shout out ideas as they occur to them. They are told to relax themselves and that no ideas will be judged so that people are free to shout out any ideas at all without feeling uncomfortable. The purpose of this is to gain as many ideas as possible. Out of the many ideas suggested there will be some of great value.What is advanced brainstorming? The model we propose is an extension of the traditional brainstorming scenario and makes the whole process more effective. Advanced brainstorming builds on the current methods of brainstorming to produce more original ideas in a more efficient way. Most of the problems associated with traditional brainstorming disappear as a more effective process if used.(Note: No more EIGHT words)81. Brainstorming is the process which we can create a new idea by ________________________________________.82. Brainstorming techniques can be applied to ________________________________________________________.83. In traditional brainstorming, why are people allowed to shout out ideas freely?84. Compared with traditional brainstorming, the advantage of advanced one is making ____________________ .I. Translation1. 乘客不允许携带危险品进地铁。

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上海市松江二中2015届高三上学期开学考试英语试题2014- 08- 15第I卷（103分）I. Listening Comprehension (24分)Section A1. A. A student. B. A secretary. C. A teacher.D. A boss.2. A. In the department store. B. At the airport.C. At the railway station.D. At the furniture store.3. A. By car. B. By bike. C. By bus. D. On foot.4. A. The English test took place a week ago.B. The woman was confident about the English test.C. Tomorrow’s English test will be easy.D. There won’t be an English test tomorrow.5. A. She doesn’t like English poetry. B. Poetry class is very popular.C. Dr. Robinson is easy to get along with.D. The course will be difficult.6. A. Five feet tall. B. Only one foot tall. C. Six feet tall. D. Seven feet tall.7. A. Go to the library. B. Go to see a film.C. Get some exercise.D. Do homework in school.8. A. It is 4: 10 now. B. It is 4: 20 now. C. It is 4: 50 now. D. It is 5:00 now.9. A. He is not very enthusiastic about his English lessons.B. He has made great progress in his English.C. He is a student of the music department.D. He is not very interested in English songs.10. A. He has always been so productive. B. He got his job done within a minute.C. He finished the paper just in time.D. He hasn’t finished his paper yet.Section BQuestions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. When directions are long. B. When directions are short.C. When homework is given.D. When your mother talks.12. A. Your pen and paper. B. A few words.C. Your mind and ears.D. Some pictures.13. A Topics or page numbers. B. Key words or a picture in mind.C. Some details.D. School assignments.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. It is based on individual need, personal goals and different life styles.B. It is decided by the healthiest lifestyle.C. It is based on some tests and comparison with standards.D. It is based more on individual needs than personal goals.15. A. It is more accurate. B. It is more flexible.C. It is less enjoyable.D. It is less effective.16. A. An accountant who can be as physically fit as an athlete.B. The importance of three basic factors concerning fitness.C. New concept of fitness and its essential factors.D. Some sports with significant training effect.Section CII. Grammar and Vocabulary（26分）Section A25. —Can he take charge of the computer company?—I’m afraid it is _________ his ability.A. beyondB. withinC. ofD. to26. I made a call to my parents yesterday. To my disappointment, _________of them answered it.A. eitherB. noneC. neitherD. nobody27. The higher the oil price is, ___________to the global economy.A. the more damage will it causeB. the more it will cause damageC. the more damage it will causeD. the more will it cause damage28. _________at the very beginning, the financial crisis was getting worse and worse in America.A. Not dealt with properlyB. Not dealing with properlyC. Not having dealt with properlyD. Not being dealt with properly29. The custom of giving gifts at Christmas can be traced back to the Wise Men _________gifts to the baby Jesus.A. bringB. broughtC. bringingD. being brought30. The driver _________, according to the newspaper, to have been killed in the traffic accident.A. saidB. was sayingC. was saidD. had been said31. If a computer crashes, you will lose the file you _________unless you save it regularly.A. are workingB. workC. will workD. worked32. The building burnt down in a big fire. _________was the base on which it stood.A. What remainedB. All remainedC. What was remainedD. All what remained33. To our surprise, that top student in our class failed _________a scholarship.A. obtainB. obtainingC. to obtainD. obtained1．I feel honored to introduce Mr White to you, without _________consideration our project would have ended in failure.A. whomB. thatC. whoseD. who35. _________advertisements are of great help, I don’t think we should entirely rely on them.A. SinceB. WhileC. OnceD. As36. No one knows _________ prevented the rumor from spreading.A. what was it thatB. what it was thatC. how it was thatD. why it was that37. _________ about wild plants that they decided to make a trip to Madagascar for further research.A. So curious the couple wasB. So curious were the coupleC. So were curious the coupleD. So was the couple curious38.Joe’s_______ in the get-together surely brought us a lot of pleasure as he is a man with astrong sense of humour.A. joiningB. having been joinedC. joinedD. had joined39.After John stayed in shanghai for a couple of days, he got the impression _________the citywas very fascinating.A. whichB. whyC. whereD. that40. Don’t leave the chocolates _______Cathy can get them. They are not good for teeth.A. whetherB. in whichC. whereD. unlessIf you are a modern art lover, you should be sure to drop by the Saatchi Gallery during your visit to London. The 41 gallery was opened by Charles Saatchi, a British art collector famous for founding the Saatchi and Saatchi advertising agency with his brother. It moved from its old 42 in St. John’s Wood to its new home in County Hall near the Thames in the spring of 2003.Anyone who has heard reports in the past of the often shocking but always thought-provoking (激发) works on 43 at the Saatchi Gallery will not be disappointed when visiting the gallery’s new location. Along with the exhibits of new British artists, the gallery still includes the works of Damien Hirst, the Chapman brothers, and Tracy Emin in its permanent 44 .Of the artworks, one can see in the Saatchi Gallery, Hirst’s works are probably the most well-known. Hirst’s work first made headlines in the early 1990s when he 45 art from dead animals.Along with Hirst, the Chapman brothers, Dinos and Jake, also owe a certain amount of their fame to the Saatchi Gallery. It was through Saatchi that these two brothers came to 46 attention. At the gallery, visitors can see the brothers’vision of Hell, made from 30, 000 plastic toy soldiers.Another artist 47 at the gallery who has grabbed headlines with her art is Tracy Emin. In 1998, Emin gave rise to argument when she sold her 48 , unmade bed to Saatchi as a work of art titled My Bed at ￡150, 000.Are any of these works really art? That is a question you will have to answer for yourself when you visit the Saatchi Gallery. Charles Saatchi himself says, “I don’t have any ground rules for 49 art. Sometimes you look and don’t feel very comfortable with it—but that doesn't tell you very much. It doesn't ____50____ reveal much about the quality of the work.”III. Reading Comprehension （53分）Section AAround 15 million of us will leave a cup of tea to go cold today while a similar amount will forget where they put the keys to their house or car.Meanwhile, 12 million go to the shops only to 51 forget what they went for----and the same will forget about 52 washing in the machine, according to the survey 53 by .PIN numbers, passwords and chores such as taking food out of the freezer the night before and 54 yourmobile phone also stood highly on the list. And more than one in ten 55 forgetting to buy a lottery ticket which may have 56 them a win.Modern busy lifestyles and increased 57 as well as modern technology were 58 the increase in our levels of forgetfulness.A National Lottery spokesman said: “We are busier than ever in our work and personal lives and it seems we just have too much to remember for our 59 minds.”The study found the technology has also played a part, leaving us with more gadgets(小装置) than ever before to60 and charge or take care of.61 work pressures it is within the home environment where most things are forgotten, such as credit card62 , children’s school events or food related things.The study found one in four people have 63 an important appointment and nearly one in five have fallen out with a friend over a forgotten date or event.Women are much better than men in the report, failing to 64 an average of two and a half things every day 65 to 3.5 things for men.51. A. completely B. fortunately C. barely D. mostly52. A. freezing B. elegant C. formal D. wet53. A. experimented B. conducted C. applied D. commanded54. A. loading B. forgetting C. charging D. remarking55. A. deny B. admit C. forbid D. avoid56. A. entitled B. purchased C. consumed D. cost57. A. pressure B. rank C. logic D. weight58. A. led to B. blamed for C. brought about D. confirmed59. A. crowded B. conscious C. impatient D. accurate60. A. dive in B. insert in C. push in D. plug in61. A. Despite B. Though C. In spite D. Moreover62. A. illustrations B. thefts C. payments D. journals63. A. missed B. made C. drawn D. concluded64. A. ignore B. remind C. recall D. assure65. A. devoted B. contributed C. opposed D. comparedSection B(A)I am a good mother to three children. I have tried never to let my profession stand in the way of being a good parent.I no longer consider myself the center of universe. I show up. I listen. I try to laugh. I was a good friend to my husband. I have tried to make marriage vows(誓约)mean what they say. I am a good friend to my friends, and they to me. Without them, there would be nothing to say to you today.So here’s what I wanted to tell you today: Get a life. A real life, not a desire of the next promotion, the bigger paycheck, the larger house.Get a life in which you are not alone. Find people you love, and who loves you. And remember that love is not leisure, it is work. Pick up the phone. Send an e-mail. Write a letter. And realize that life is the best thing and that you have no business taking for granted.It is so easy to waste our lives, our days, our hours, and our minutes. It is so easy to exist instead of to live. I learnedto live many years ago. Something really, really bad happened to me, something that changed my life in ways that, if I had my choice, it would never have been changed at all. And what I learned from it is what, today, seems to be the hardest lesson of all.I learned to love the journey, not the destination. I learned to look at all the good in the world and try to give some of it back because I believed in it, completely and totally. And I tried to do that, in part, by telling others what I had learned.66. How did the writer form her view of life?A. Through social experienceB. By learning from her friendsC. Through an unfortunate experienceD. From her children and husband67. The sentence “It is so easy to exist instead of to live.” means that people tend to _________.A. waste a lot in lifeB. work rather than enjoy lifeC. make a living rather live a real lifeD. forget the most important lessons in life68. It can be inferred from the passage that_________.A. The author likes travelling very muchB. The author did not try her best to work wellC. The author spent all her time caring for childrenD. the author is a success in personal life69. The best title for this passage probably is______.A. Love your friendsB. Live a real lifeC. Don’t waste timeD. Be a good wife and mother(B)OUR KIDS ARE AMAZING－especially compared with everybody else’s (who seem to cry all the time). How do you show your love for your kids this holiday season? With toys that are smooth and colorful, interactive and exciting. And with ones that have educational value－because you are the boss.A. ROBOSAPIENB. MINI PEDAL CARC. FLAX ART HOSPITAL PUZZLE AND PLAY SETD. TINY LOVE ACTIVITY BALL71. Which toys are fit for three-year-old kids?A. 1 and 3.B. 2 and 4.C. I and 2.D. 3 and 4.72. This passage is written for __________.A. parentsB. childrenC. the salesmanD. the boss(C)Against the supposition that forest fires in Alaska, Canada and Siberia warm the climate, scientists have discovered that cooling may occur in areas where burnt trees allow more snow to mirror more sunlight into space.This finding suggests that taking steps to prevent northern forest to limit the release of greenhouse gases may warm the climate in northern regions. Usually large fires destroyed forests in these areas over the past decade. Scientists predict that with climate warming, fires may occur more frequently over next several centuries as a result of a longer fire season. Sunlight taken in by the earth tends to cause warming, while heat mirrored back into space tends to cause cooling.This is the first study to analyze all aspects of how northern fires influence climate. Earlier studies by other scientists have suggested that fire in northern regions speed up climate warming because greenhouse gases from burning trees and plants are released into the atmosphere and thus trap heat.Scientists found that right after the fire, large amounts of greenhouse gases entered the atmosphere and caused warming. Ozone（臭氧）levels increased, and ash from the fire fell on far-off sea ice, darkening the surface and causing more radiation from the sun to be taken in. The following spring, however, the land within the area of the fire was brighter than before the fire, because fewer trees covered the ground. Snow on the ground mirrored more sunlight back into space, leading to cooling.“We need to find out all possible ways to reduce the growth of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.” Scientists tracked the change in amount of radiation entering and leaving the climate system as a result of the fire, and found a measurement closely related to the global air temperature. Typically, fire in northern regions occurs in the same area every 80 to 150 years. Scientists, however, found that when fire occurs more frequently, more radiation is lost from the earth and cooling results. Specifically, they determined when fire returns 20 years earlier than predicated, 0.5 watts per square meter of area burned are soaked up by the earth from greenhouse gases, but 0.9 watts per square meter will be sent back into space. The net effect is cooling. Watts are used to measure the rate at which energy is gained or lost from the earth.73. According to the new findings, taking steps to prevent northern forest fires may _______.A. result in a warming climateB. cause the forest fires to occur more frequentlyC. lead to a longer fire seasonD. protect the forests and the environment there74. Earlier studies about northern forest fires _________.A. analyze all aspects of how northern fires influence climateB. indicate that forest fires will pollute the atmosphereC. suggest that people should take measures to protect environmentD. suggest that the fires will speed up climate warming75. Th e underlined phrase “soak up” in the last paragraph most probably means ________.A. releasedB. absorbedC. createdD. disturbed76.From the passage we can draw a conclusion that forest fires in Alaska, Canada and Siberia may __________.A. warm the climate as the supposition goesB. allow more snow to reflect more sunlight into space and thus cool the climateC. destroy large areas of forests and pollute the far-off sea iceD. help to gain more energy rather than release more energy(D)Is Positive Thinking Powerful?The $11 billion self-help industry is built on the idea that you should turn negative thoughts like “I never do anything right” into positive ones like “I can succeed”. But was the positive thinking advocate Norman Vincent Peale right? Is there power in positive thinking?Researchers in Canada just published a study in Psychological Science that says trying to get people to think more positively can actually have the opposite effect: it can simply stress how unhappy they are. The study’s authors, Joanne Wood and John Lee of the University of Waterloo and Elaine Perunovic of the University of New Brunswick, begin by using older research showing that when people get feedback (反馈) which they believe is overly positive, they actually feel worse, not better. If you tell your friend who is not very clever that he has the potential of an Einstein, you’re just underlining his faults. In the 1990s, a team including psychologist Joel Cooper of Princeton conducted an experiment. The participants were asked to write essays opposing financial support for the disabled, expressing little sympathy for them. When these participants were later praised for their sympathy, they felt even worse about what they had written.In this experiment, Wood, Lee and Perunovic measured 68 students’ self-respect. The participants were then asked to write down their thoughts and feelings for four minutes. Every 15 seconds, one group of students heard a bell. When it rang, they were supposed to tell themselves, “I am lovable.” Those with low self-respect didn’t feel better after the forced self-approval. In fact, their feelings turned significantly worse than those of members of the control group, who weren’t urged to think positive thoughts.The study provides support for newer forms for psychotherapy (心理治疗) that urge people to accept their negative thoughts and feelings rather than fight them. In the fighting, we not only often fail but can make things worse. Meditation (静思) techniques, on the contrary, can teach people to realize their shortcomings from a larger, more realistic perspective. Call it the power of negative thinking.77. What is the finding of the Canadian researchers?A. There can be no simple solutions to psychological problems.B. Encouraging positive thinking may do harm to people.C. The power of positive thinking is limited.D. Unhappy people cannot think positively.78. The underlined part in Paragraph 2 probably means ______.A. you are pointing out the mistakes he has madeB. you are not taking his mistakes seriously enoughC. you are stressing the fact that he is not intelligentD. you are not trying to make him feel better about his faults79. What do we learn from the experiment of Wood, Lee and Perunovic?A. Self-approval can bring a positive change to one’s feelings.B. People with low self-respect seldom write down their true feelings.C. It is important for people to continually improve their self-respect.D. Forcing people to think positive thoughts may lower their self-respect.80. It can be learned from the last paragraph that ______.A. people can avoid making mistakes through meditationB. different people tend to have different ways of thinkingC. meditation may prove to be a good form of psychotherapyD. the effects of positive thinking differ from person to person(E)Section DDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions and complete the statements in the fewest possible words.An addiction（瘾）is an activity or substance we are eager to experience repeatedly, and for which we are willing if necessary to pay a price. Common addictions involve alcohol, cigarettes, food, drugs, gambling, etc. This article discusses the concepts which can be helpful in coping with addictive behavior.Relatively minor addictions, such as watching too much television, or lying in bed on weekend mornings, are often not even considered addictions, because the price paid for engaging in them is not high. On the other hand, we tend to use the term “addict” to describe the person who, at least in the eyes of others, continues to be addicted in a behavior long after it has become clear that the substantial price being paid was not worth the benefit. The individual who has lost career, house, family and friends because of cocaine (可卡因) use, but is unwilling to consider stopping is an unfortunate example.Negative addictions range from those with very minor negative consequences, to those as serious as the cocaine addict just mentioned, with much area in between. Although it is not necessarily true that a negative addiction grows stronger over time, yet a constant level of addictive behavior (e.g., overspending $ 200 a week ) can lead to an increasing level of negative consequences.You may be surprised to learn that addictions can also be considered positive. Positive addictions are those in which the benefits outweigh the price. A common example would be the habit of regular exercise. The price of membership in a gym, the time involved and any clothing expense is outweighed by the benefits of better health, energy, self-confidence and appearance. As with negative addictions, positive addictions may not get stronger over time, and there is a broad range of how much benefit is actually obtained.What is common to both positive and negative addictions is the urge to engage in the addictive behavior, and the satisfaction that is felt when the urge is acted upon. The urge is a state of tension and expectation that is experienced uncomfortably as a desire for the substance or activity. Because we experience relief when the urge is acted upon, there is an increased likelihood that we will act on the urge again.81. What does the passage mainly talk about?_______________________________________________.82.We use the term “addict” to describe a person when he or she goes on _______________eventhough he or she knows it is not worthwhile.83. Why is exercising in the gym considered to be a positive addiction?_______________________________________________.84. How do people feel when the urge is acted on?_______________________________________________.(Note: Answer the questions and complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS)第II卷（47分）I. Translation(22%)Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1、中国文化与西方文化是不同的。