张培基《英汉翻译教程》(修订本)配套题库(英汉常用的方法和技巧(中))【圣才出品】
英汉翻译教程答案张培基
英汉翻译教程答案张培基【篇一：英汉翻译教程_张培基等】第一章：我国翻译史简介我国的翻译事业有约两千多年的光辉历史。
早在公元前六年西汉哀帝时代，伊存到中国口传一些佛教经句，但还谈不上佛教的翻译。
佛经的翻译是在东汉桓帝建和两年（公元148年）开始的，译者是安世高，他是安息人（即波斯），他译了《安般守意经》等三十多部佛经。
过些时候，娄迦谶来中国，因为他是月支人，所以又称支娄迦谶。
他也译了十多部佛经，但文笔生硬，不易看懂，所以从那时起，大概就有直译和意译这个问题了。
他有个学生叫支亮，支亮又有个弟子叫支谦，他们三人号称“三支”，都是当时翻译佛经很有名的人。
就在那时，月支派里出现了一个叫竺法护的大翻译家，他译了175部佛经，对于佛法的流传贡献很大。
但这些翻译活动还只是民间私人事业。
到了符秦时代，释道安设置了“译场”，成了有组织的活动，他本人不懂梵文，惟恐失真，主张严格的直译，在这期间他请来了天竺人（即印度）鸠摩罗什，他全改以前群家的直古风格，主张“意译”，他的译著为我国翻译文学奠定了基础。
到南北朝时，一个叫真谛的印度佛教学者应梁武帝之聘来到中国，他译了49部经论，对中国佛教思想有较大影响。
从隋代（公元590年）起到唐代，是我国翻译事业高度发达的时期，隋代有个释彦琮，梵文造诣很深。
在他以后出现了古代翻译界的巨星玄奘（与上述鸠摩罗什、真谛一起号称我国佛经三大翻译家），他成为第一个把汉文著作向国外介绍的中国人，他自创了“新译”。
值得一提的是，清末马建忠在他写的《拟设翻译书院议》中发挥了他所认为的“善译”的见解，可以说是试图说明翻译标准的一个开端。
他的善译标准包括了三大要求：第一、译者首先要对两种语言素有研究，熟知彼此的异同；第二、弄清原文的意义精神和语气，把它传达出来；第三、译文与原文毫无出入。
这些要求是很有道理的，因他本人后来没搞翻译，因此他对“善译”的见解，反被后人忽略了。
“五四”运动是我国近代翻译史的分水岭，“五四”以前最显著的表现是，以严复、林纾等为代表翻译了一系列西方资产阶级学术名著和文学作品。
张培基《英汉翻译教程》学习辅导书( 我国翻译史简 介)【圣才出品】
第1章我国翻译史简介1.1 复习笔记一、我国翻译的早期我国的翻译事业有约两千年的历史。
最早开始的是佛经的翻译，翻译家有安世高、号称“三支”的支娄迦谶、支亮、支谦，竺法护。
二、隋唐时期我国翻译事业高度发达的时期是从隋代（公元五九〇年）起到唐代。
这一时期古代翻译界的巨星玄奘（与上述鸠摩罗什、真谛一起号称我国佛教三大翻译家）。
玄奘的贡献为：①玄奘不但把佛经由梵文译成汉文，而且把老子著作的一部分译成梵文，成为第一个把汉字著作向国外介绍的中国人。
②玄奘在翻译理论方面也是有贡献的，他提出的翻译标准是“既须求真，又须喻俗”，意即“忠实、通顺”。
三、明清时期从明代万历年间到清代“新学”时期，出现了以徐光启、林纾(琴南)、严复(又陵)等为代表的介绍西欧各国科学、文学、哲学的翻译家。
明徐光启和意大利人利玛窦合作，翻译了欧几里得的《几何原本》《测量法义》等书。
清林纾最著名的文学作品有《巴黎茶花女遗事》(La Dame aux Camelias)、《黑奴吁天录》(Uncle Tom’s Cabin)、《块肉余生述》(David Copperfield)、《王子复仇记》(Ham1et)等。
严复是我国清末新兴资产阶级的启蒙思想家，所译作品多系西方政治经济学说，如赫胥黎(T. H. Huxley)的《天演论》(Evolution and Ethics and Other Essays)、亚当·斯密(A. Smith)的《原富》(An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations)等。
严复提出了著名的“信、达、雅”翻译标准。
四、五四时期至今“五四”是我国近代翻译史的分水岭。
“五四”以后，我国翻译开始介绍马列主义经典著作和无产阶级文学作品。
《共产党宣言》的译文就发表在“五四”时期。
这一时期的翻译工作在内容和形式上都起了很大变化。
白话文代替了文言文。
张培基《英汉翻译教程》(修订本)配套题库(英汉语言的对比)【圣才出品】
第3章英汉语言的对比3.1 英汉词汇现象对比一、试译下列各短语，注意英汉语中词的多义性和搭配能力的不同1. ①soft music②soft life③soft drink④soft goods⑤soft light⑥soft breeze【译文】①轻音乐；②安逸的生活；③软饮料（不含酒精）；④纺织品；⑤柔和的光线；⑥微风2. ①a handsome car②a handsome man③a handsome profit④a handsome compliment【译文】①漂亮的车；②英俊的男士；③一大笔利润；④大加赞赏3.①good results②good food③a good point④a good deed【译文】①好的结果；②符合标准的食物；③有说服力的依据；④高尚的习惯行为4.①poor health②poor food③poor light④poor soil⑤a poor country⑥a poor swimmer【译文】①身体不好；②劣质食物；③昏暗的光线；④贫瘠的土壤；⑤贫穷的国家；⑥不擅长游泳的人5. ①regular breathing②regular customers③a face with regular features④a regular army/soldier⑤a regular disaster【译文】①均匀的呼吸；②老主顾；③五官端正的脸庞；④正规军；正规军士兵；⑤一场彻底的灾难6. ①to cut wheat②to cut cake③to cut finger-nails【译文】①割麦子；②切蛋糕；③剪指甲7. ①to fuel up on food②to fuel up on water【译文】①吃点食物；②喝点啤酒二、试译下列单词和句子，根据汉语表达习惯进行增添1. sorting【答案】分类法2. allergy【译文】（医学）变（态反）应性/过敏性3. measurement【译文】测量法/测量结果4. neutralization【译文】中和作用/中立状态5. modification【译文】修改方案/修正稿6. oxidation【译文】氧化作用7. transmission【译文】传递方式/传动装置8. cycling【译文】周期变化9. programming【译文】程序编制10. magnetization【译文】磁化作用/磁化强度11. mercuriality【译文】易变特性12. substitution【译文】取代作用13. corrosive【译文】腐蚀剂14. dripping【译文】滴注法15. assimilation【译文】同化作用16. relativity【译文】相对论17. lithonephrotomy【译文】肾结石切除术18. memory【译文】存储器19. After the First World War, the mine-owners of South Wales were unable toproduce coal as cheaply as the more mechanized mines abroad, with the result that for many years there was serious unemployment in South Wales.【译文】第一次世界大战以后，南威尔士矿主不能像海外机械化程度较高的煤矿一样廉价出煤，结果南威尔士多年来有着严重的失业现象。
英汉翻译教程张培基课后练习及答案-2022年学习资料
五、试译下列各句，将斜体的前置词译成动词：-1.Up the street they went,past tores,across-broad square,and then entered a huge bui ding.-他们沿着大街走去，经过许多商店，穿过一个大广场，然后-进入了一座大厦。-2.We drove ome a bit after midnight,over the-river and through t e lovely old sleeping town.-稍过午夜，我们就驱车回家。先过了河，又穿过了这个在 -睡中古老而可爱的城市。-3.The judge sat in the dining--room amid his morning mail.-·法官坐在餐厅里处理早上到的邮件。
Exercises【精选】英汉翻译教程张培基课后练习及答案
试译下列各句，将斜体的派生名词转译成-动词：-1-An acquaintance of world his ory is helpful to the-study of current affairs.-读一点世界 ，对学习实事是有帮助的。-2.His very appearance at any affair proc aims it a-triumph.-无论什么事情，只要他一露面，就算是成功了。-3.He urged u on citizens of the country the-necessity of persistin in participation in political-controversies.-他告诫全国公民 必须坚持参加译成动词：-On the walk through the city th y saw breadlines.-在走过市区的时候，他们看见领救济食物的人排着长队。-2.A view f Mt.Fuji can be obtained from here.-从这里可以看到富士山。-3.At the thought of the mishap his legs stiffened-under hi and couldn't move a step further.-他一想到这场灾难，两腿就像有千斤重， 也挪不动一步了。-4.After an impatient oath or two,she got her hair-away from her eyes,sufficiently to obtain a sigh _of-him.-她不耐烦地咒骂了一两声，把头发从眼睛上拨开，才看到了-他。
张培基《英汉翻译教程》学习辅导书(英译汉常用的方法和技巧(中))【圣才出品】
第5章英译汉常用的方法和技巧（中）5.1 复习笔记一、分句、合句法分句法是指把原文的一个简单句译成两个或两个以上的句子。
合句法是指把原文两个或两个以上的简单句或一个复合句在译文中用一个单句来表达。
（一）分句法1. 把原文中的一个单词译成句子，使原文的一个句子分译成两个或两个以上的句子。
(1) 副词The Chinese seemed justifiably proud of their economic achievements.中国人似乎为他们在经济上取得的成就而自豪，这是合乎情理的。
(2) 形容词That region was the most identifiable trouble spot.那地区是个麻烦的地方，这是大家最容易看得出来的。
(3) 名词He shook his head and his eyes were wide, then narrowed in indignation.他摇了摇头，两月睁得圆圆的，接着又眯成一条线，脸上露出了愤怒的神色。
2. 把原文中一个短语译成句子，使原文的一个句子分译成两个或两个以上的句子。
(1) 分词短语She sat with her hands cupping her chin, staring at a corner of the little kitchen.她坐在那儿双手托着下巴，眼睛凝视着小厨房的一角。
(2) 名词短语Energy can neither be created nor destroyed, a universally accepted law.能量既不能被创造也不能被消灭，这是一条普遍公认的规律。
(3) 前置词短语Their power increased with their number.他们人数增加了，力量也随之增强。
3. 把原文的一个句子拆开，译成两个或两个以上的句子。
His failure to observe the safety regulations resulted in an accident to the machinery.因为他没有遵守安全规则，机器出了故障。
《英汉翻译基础教程》笔记及习题（科技翻译）【圣才出品】
《英汉翻译基础教程》笔记及习题（科技翻译）【圣才出品】第12单元常⽤⽂体翻译（科技翻译）12.1 复习笔记⼀、科技⽂体的范畴科技英语（English for science and technology）现在已经成为⼀种独⽴的⽂体。
包括：（1）科技著述、科技论⽂和报告、实验报告和⽅案；（2）各类科技情报和⽂字资料；（3）科技实⽤⼿册；（4）有关科技问题的会谈、会议、交谈的⽤语；（5）有关科技的影⽚、录像等有声资料的解说词。
⼆、科技英语的特点科技⽂体严谨周密，概念准确，逻辑性强，⾏⽂简练，重点突出，句式严整，少有变化。
1. 多名词化结构汉语使⽤动词较多，⽽英语中的名词使⽤率较⾼。
例：Rectification of this fault is achieved by insertion of a wedge.【译⽂】插⼊⼀个楔⼦就能纠正这个⽑病。
【分析】rectification of this fault和insertion of a wedge系名词化结构，在汉译时，转化成了动词结构。
2. ⼴泛使⽤被动态科技⽂章在语⽓上⽐较正式，体现科学研究的客观性，⽽且将主要信息前置，放在主语部分，所以科技⽂体中被动语态的使⽤率⾼。
翻译时最好也是翻译成⽆主语结构或被动意义的句⼦。
例：A visicorder is provided to record current and voltage waveforms.【译⽂】此可显⽰记录器⽤来记录电流和电压波形。
3. 多⽤⼀般现在时⼀般现在时可以较好地表现⽂章内容的⽆时间性，⽤在科技⽂中可使⽂章内容显得更客观准确。
翻译时也应突出这种“⽆时间性”的特征。
例：Injection molding involves injecting molten plastic into a mold. Only a small amount of recycled plastic is used in this process, because it is poor in quality and would reduce the product’s strength.【译⽂】塑料注射成型法要求把熔融塑料注⼊模具。
英汉翻译教程(张培基)
31. After dinner, the four key negotiators resumed their talks, which continued well into the night.
32. She had talked to the Head of the Department about her worries, who assured her that nothing could possibly go wrong.
33. He took the idea to the manager, who liked it and ordered an investigation to see if it could be applied to their auto production.
12. It is the university, with its 15,000 students, dozens of colleges, and its large numbers of museums, churches, libraries, gardens, and offices, that dominates the look and temperament of the city of Oxford.
16. Thus he grew in body and soul.
17. My grandfather used to tell me that one got more enjoyment out of one hour's fruitful work than out of ten hours' meaningless recreation.
张培基《英汉翻译教程》学习辅导书(短文翻译及详解)【圣才出品】
附录短文翻译及详解说明：本章全面收录《英汉翻译教程》（张培基主编，修订本）中的短文翻译练习，每篇短文后面不仅有参考译文，而且还列举出相应的翻译要点及解析，对于以该书为教材的考生来说，具有极高的参考价值和较强的指导性，同时可以帮助考生巩固该书所学内容。
1When Chou En-lai’s door opened they saw a slender man of more than average height with gleaming eyes and a face so striking that it bordered on the beautiful①. Yet it was a manly face, serious and intelligent, and Chu judged him to be in his middle twenties②.Chou was a quiet and thoughtful man, even a little shy as he welcomed his visitors, urged them to be seated and to tell how he could help them.Ignoring the chair offered him, Chu Teh stood squarely before this youth more than ten years his junior and in a level voice told him who he was, what he had done in the past, how he had fled from Yunnan, talked with Sun Yat-sen, been repulsed by Chen Tu-hsiu in Shanghai, and had come to Europe to find a new way of life for himself and a new revolutionary road for China. He wanted to join the Chinese Communist Party group in Berlin, he would study and work hard, he would do anything he was asked to do but return to his old life, which had turned to ashes beneath his feet③.As he talked Chou En-lai stood facing him, his head a little to one side as was his habit, listening intently until the story was told, and then questioning him.When both visitors had told their stories, Chou smiled a little, said he would help them find rooms, and arrange for them to join the Berlin Communist group as candidates until their application had been sent to China and an answer received. When the reply came a few months later they were enrolled as full members④, but Chu’s membership was kept a secret from outsiders.General Chu explained this procedure as necessary because, as a general in the Yunnan Army, he had been one of the earliest Kuomintang members and he might be sent back to Yunnan by the Communist Party at some future date⑤. Though not publicly known as a Communist, General Chu said that he broke all connections with his past, and with the old society in every way, “so that a heavy burden seemed to fall from my shoulders.” There were hundreds of Chinese students in Germany at the time, most of them rich men’s sons with whom he might have associated⑥in the past. Such men he now avoided and he spent his time studying hungrily, avidly⑦, with young men many of whom were almost young enough to be his sons.(From The Great Road, by Agnes Smedley) 【参考译文】周恩来的房门打开时，他们看到的是一个身材瘦长、比普通人略高一点的人，两眼闪着光辉，面貌很引人注意，称得上清秀①。
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第5章英汉常用的方法和技巧（中）5.1 分句、合句法一、试译下列各句，将斜体的单词或短语译成一个汉语句子1. At present, people have a tendency to choose the safety of the middle-ground reply.【译文】现在的人们都倾向于采取不偏不倚的态度来回答问题，因为它安全，不招风险。
2. George nodded, thankful that his wife was not the talkative kind.【译文】乔治点点头，他妻子不是那种絮絮叨叨的人，对此他心存感激。
3. The intent to make an immediate gift must be clear and unmistakable, and the transfer must take immediate and permanent effect.【译文】直接赠予的意图必须明白无误，转让行为必须立即产生效力，且该效力应具有永久性。
4. Several blocks from the park, running parallel to it, Clement Street bustles like a second Chinatown with dozens of ethnic restaurants.【译文】离公园几个街区便是与公园平行的克莱门特街。
那儿有十几家民族餐馆，热闹得如同第二个唐人街。
5. That region was the most identifiable trouble spot.【译文】那地区是个麻烦的地方，这是大家都容易看出来的。
6. The depth of some of those changes is , to me at least, pleasingly remarkable and extraordinary.【译文】其中一些变化有深度，至少在我看来是非常了不起的，不同凡响，令我由衷地高兴。
7. The number of the young people in the United States who can’t read is incredible about one in four.【译文】大约有1/4的美国青年人没有阅读能力，这简直令人难以置信。
8. A cold that rapidly grew worse caused his unlamented return to Paris.【译文】他得了感冒，而且越来越严重，只好回巴黎去了。
但是，对他的离去，谁也没有感到遗憾。
9. There is also distressing possibility that Alunni isn’t quite the catch the police thought.【译文】还存在这样一种可能性：被抓住的那位阿鲁尼不见得就是警察当局所设想的那位头号人物。
当然，这种可能性说出来叫人泄气。
10. They were understandably reluctant to join the battle.【译文】他们不愿意参战，这是可以理解的。
【解析】译文原句中的副词“understandably”单独拎出来进行翻译，修饰整个句子。
11. Some men have been virtuous blindly, others have speculated fantastically, and others have been shrewd to bad purpose.【译文】有些人品行端正，但却不去推究为什么要这样做；有些人深思熟虑，但却流于脱离现实；有些人非常精明，但却把精明用于邪道。
12. Let us admit, and regret, that he honestly believes it impossible to differ from him.【译文】我们不得不承认，他真地相信凡与他抱不同见解的人不可能是一个正人君子，这是令人遗憾的事。
13. They were at home in the home of the people, moving confidently without fear. 【译文】他们在群众家里感到自在，行动时心里踏实，无忧无虑。
14. The military is forbidden to ‘kill’ the vessel, a relatively easy task.【译文】（政府）禁止军方“击毁”这艘潜艇，虽然要击毁该艇并不怎么费事。
15. A schoolmaster, finding such errors in a schoolboy’s essay, would be justly indignant.【译文】小学老师要是在学生的作文里发现那样的错误也一定会生气，而生气是完全应该的。
16. Characteristically, T edder concealed his feelings and watched and learned. 【译文】特德没有表露自己的感情，只是察言观色，心领神会。
这是他的特点。
17. With the fear of, largely imaginary, plots against his leadership, hisself-confidence seemed totally to desert him.【译文】由于害怕有人阴谋推翻他的领导地位，他似乎完全丧失了自信，但是所谓的阴谋在很大程度上是他自己凭空想象出来的。
18. Increased cooperation with China is in the interests of the United States.【译文】同中国加强合作，符合美国的利益。
19. The mayor has to flatter Mr. White, the director of the supervision committee. 【译文】市长不得不吹捧怀特先生，他是督导委员会的主任。
20. Being summer, the rivers were open and navigable.【译文】夏天已到，河流开冻，可以通航。
21. A fire broke out in a women’s tent at a Kuwaiti wedding party on Saturdaykilling at least 41 people, Kuwaiti media reported.【译文】科威特媒体报道，星期六在科威特的一个婚礼上，女宾专用的帐篷发生大火，至少41人死亡。
22. Next door, a larger-than-expected audience of 300 attended the FifteenthInternational Conference on Environment Protection.【译文】隔壁大厅里，参加“第十五届国际环境保护大会”的人数竟达300名之多，这真是出乎意料。
23. The answer had been there all of the time just out of reach.【译文】答案一直摆在那里，可（他）就是没有拿到手。
【解析】译文将原文中的介词短语out of reach单独拿出来进行翻译，作为一个并列部分。
24. The skin-tight skirt and orange sweater displayed to enviable advantage a soft and slender body.【译文】那条紧身裙和橘黄色毛衣把她柔软苗条的身材衬得恰到好处，真令人羡慕。
【解析】译文将原文中的enviable与原来的句子分开翻译，将其置于句末，强调了其重要性。
25. Yet it is painfully apparent that millions of Americans, who would never think ofthemselves as law-breakers, let alone criminals, are taking increasing liberties with the legal codes that are designed to protect and nourish their society. 【译文】显然，数百万美国人从来没有想过自己会违法，更不用说犯罪了，而就是他们正在越来越肆意歪曲旨在保护和培育这个社会的法律条文，这真令人痛心。
【解析】原文中painfully apparent如照字面译成“痛心地明显的”，不合汉语表达习惯，将painfully单译成句，既突出了重点，表明作者对这一现象感到痛心的心情，又使语言自然流畅。
二、试译下列各句，将句子分译成两个或两个以上的句子1. The shark swung over and the old man saw his eye was not alive and then he swung over once again, wrapping himself in two loops of the rope.【译文】鲨鱼在海里翻滚过来。
老头儿看见它的眼珠已经没有生气了，但是它又翻滚了一下，结果被绳子缠绕了两圈。
2. Tardiness in rising is punished by haste in eating breakfast or in running to catch the bus and may even mean the loss of a job or of advancement in business in the long run.【译文】爱赖床的人得到的惩罚就是他们得赶着吃早餐，跑着去赶公车。
而且从长远来看，还可能意味着失去工作或升职的机会。
3. It is very easy to bring some books from the bookstores and libraries, but to learn the knowledge in the books and put the knowledge into practice is by no means an easy job.【译文】从书店和图书馆带些书回来是轻而易举的。
然而，从书中学得知识，并把这些知识运用到实践中，就不是那么简单的事情了。