供应链管理(英文)
乔普拉《供应链管理(第7版英文版)》教学课件CH12
The Role of Safety Inventory (1 of 3)
• Safety inventory is carried to satisfy demand that exceeds the amount forecasted – Raising the level of safety inventory increases product availability and thus the margin captured from customer purchases – Raising the level of safety inventory increases inventory holding costs
Supply Chain Management: Strategy, Planning, and Operation
Seventh Edition
Chapter 12
Managing Uncertainty in a Supply Chain Safety Inventory
Copyright © 2019, 2016, 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
2. Order fill rate – Fraction of orders filled from available inventory
3. Cycle service level (CSL) – Fraction of replenishment cycles that end with all customer demand being met – Replenishment cycle – the interval between two successive replenishment deliveries
供应链管理【英文】
Profit Supply Chain Cost Marketing Cost Manufacturing Cost
10% 20% 25%
Profit Supply Chain
Cost
Marketing Cost
45%
Manufacturing Cost
Effort spent for supply chain activities are invisible to the customers.
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2
Traditional View: Supply Chains in the Economy (1990, 1996)
Freight Transportation
$352, $455 B
– Transportation manager in charge
– Transportation software
Laura Ashley (retailer of women and children clothes) turns its inventory 10 times a year five times faster than 3 years ago
– inventory is emptied 10 times a year, or an item spends about 12/10 months in the inventory.
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6
Importance of SCM understood by some
AMR Research:
– "The biggest issue enterprises face today is intelligent visibility of their supply chains-both upstream and down"
供应链管理
SCM School of Logistics, BWU
13
Chapter 1 Background of SCM 三、SCM的产生(Emergence of SCM)
“横向一体化”形成了一条从供应商到制造商再到分销商、 零售商，最终再到顾客的贯穿所有企业和顾客的“链”。由 于相邻节点企业或顾客表现出一种需求与供应的关系，当 把所有相邻企业或顾客依此连接起来，便形成了SC，见图 1-2。这条链上的节点企业必须达到同步、协调运行，才有 可能使链上的所有企业都能受益。于是便产生了SCM这一 新的经营与运作模式。
SCM School of Logistics, BWU
7
Course Explanation
对需求 作出快 速反应
高质量
个性化
优质
SCM School of Logistics, BWU
2
Course Explanation
三、教学方法与要求(Teaching Methods and Requirements)
本章是SCM出现的相关背景，主要包括21世纪全球 市场竞争的主要特点、新的竞争环境对企业管理模式的 影响以及供应链管理的产生。通过本章的学习，要求：
①理解21世纪全球市场竞争的4个主要特点； ②弄清新的竞争环境对企业管理模式产生的影响； ③了解SCM是如何产生的； ④了解几种典型的供应链结构； ⑤掌握如何学习SCM。
2
第八章 供应链的业务流程再造
3
第九章 供应链企业绩效评价
2
第十章 供应链管理环境下的企业管理
4
总复习
1
合计
32
SCM School of Logistics, BWU
供应链管理英文课件 (18)
1-15
Process View of a Supply Chain
• Cycle View: processes in a supply chain are divided into a series of cycles, each performed at the interfaces between two successive supply chain stages
• Webvan folded in two years • Borders, $4 billion in 2004 to $2.8 billion in 2009 • Dell, $56 billion in 2006, adopted new supply
chain strategies
1-10
Push/Pull View of Supply Chain Processes
• Difference between $60 and the sum of all of these costs is the supply chain profit
• Supply chain profitability is total profit to be shared across all stages of the supply chain
2. Identify the three key supply chain decision phases and explain the significance of each one.
3. Describe the cycle and push/pull views of a supply chain.
供应链管理(英文课件)Chapter8-Supply Chain Integration
• minimizing inventory, transportation, and production costs.
– Supply Chain Planning processes are applied.
costs – more emergency production changeovers
Pull-Based Supply Chains
• Production and distribution are demand driven
– Coordinated with true customer demand rather than forecast demand.
Push-Based Supply Chains
• Longer reaction time to changing marketplace:
– Inability to meet changing demand patterns. – Obsolescence of supply chain inventory as
• Advantages and disadvantages of push and pull supply chains:
– new supply chain strategy that takes the best of both. – Push–pull supply chain strategy
Impact of the Push-Pull Strategy
• Pull portion
– High uncertainty – Simple supply chain structure – Short cycle time – Focus on service level. – Achieved by deploying a flexible and
物流与供应链管理【英文】
Judith Molka-Danielsen j.molka-danielsen@himolde.no http://home.himolde.no/~molka
Overview
Global value model for B2B systems (all) Logistics management/supply chain (ch10) Human Resource/support services (+ch10) Customer Relations Management (ch11) Manufacturing and process management (ch12) Financial management/EDI (+ch12)
LM-SCM Distribution Management
The distribution or demand chain is concerned with: – Speeding data acquisition – Controlling inventory, warehousing and shipping – Reducing paperwork It also includes invoice auditing and order tracking
B2B Inputs
Logistics Management
Manufacturing Process Management
Support Services Financiaer Management
Logistics Management Supply Chain Management
供应链管理—英文课件2
Timber Company
Paper Manufacturer
Tenneco Packaging
P & G or Other Mnaufacturer
Wal-mart or Third Party DC
Wal-mart Store
Customer
Chemical Manufacturer
Plastic Producer
phase.
3. Companies define a set of operatiing
plicies that govern short-term operations.
Supply Chain Operation
1. The time horizon is weekly or daily
2. Compaines make decisions regarding individual customer order. 3. The goal is to handle incoming customer orders in the best possible manner. 1.Allocate inventory or production to individual orders. 2.Set a date that an order is to be filled 3.Geneate pick lists at a warehouse 4. Allocate an order to a particular shipping mode and shipment 5. Set delivery schedules of trucks and palce replenishment orders.
供应链管理外文翻译文献
供应链管理外文翻译文献供应链管理外文翻译文献(文档含中英文对照即英文原文和中文翻译)Supply Chain ManagementThe so-called supply chain, in fact, from suppliers, manufacturers, warehouses, istribution centers and channels, and so constitute a logistics network. The same enterprise may constitute the different components of this network node, but the situation is different from a corporate network in different nodes. For example, in a supply chain, companies may not only in the same manufacturers, storage nodes, and in distribution centers, such as possession node location. In the more detailed division of labor, the higher the rofessional requirements of the supply chain, different nodes are basically composed by different enterprises. In the supply chain flows between the member units of raw materials, finished products, such as inventory and production constitutes the supply chain of goods flow.That is, to meet a certain level of customer service under the conditions, in order to make the whole supply chain to minimize costs and the suppliers, manufacturers, warehouses, distribution centers and channels, and so effectively organized together to carry out Product manufacturing, transport, distribution and sales management.From the above definition, we can be interpreted to include supply chain anagement of rich content.First of all, supply chain management products to meet customer demand in the process of the cost implications of various members of the unit are taken intoaccount, including from raw material suppliers, manufacturers to the warehouse distribution center to another channel. However, in practice in the supply chain analysis, it is necessary to consider the supplier's suppliers and customers of the customers, because their supply chain performance is also influential.Second, supply chain management is aimed at the pursuit of the whole supply chain's overall efficiency and cost effectiveness of the system as a whole, always trying to make the total system cost to a minimum. Therefore, the focus of supply chain management is not simply a supply chain so that members of the transportation costs to minimize or reduce inventory, but through the use of systems approach to coordinate the supply chain members so that the entire supply chain total cost of the minimum so that the whole supply chain System in the most fluent in the operation.Third, supply chain management is on the suppliers, manufacturers, warehouses, distribution centers and organically integrate the channel into one to start this problem, so many businesses, including its level of activities, including the strategic level, tactical and operational level Level, and so on.Although the actual logistics management, only through the organic supply chain integration, enterprises can significantly reduce costs and improve service levels, but in practice the supply chain integration is very difficult, it is because: First of all, in the supply chain There are different members of different and conflicting objectives. For example, providers generally want manufacturers to purchase large quantities of stable, and flexible delivery time can change; desire to the contrary with suppliers, although most manufacturers are willing toimplement long-term production operations, but they must take into account the needs of its customers and to make changes Positive response, which requires manufacturers choice and flexibility in procurement strategy. Therefore, suppliers and manufacturers to the goal of flexibility in the pursuit of the objectives inevitably exist between the contradictions.Secondly, the supply chain is a dynamic system, with time and constantly changing. In fact, customers not only demand and supply capacity to change over time, supply chain and the relationship between the members will change over time. For example, the increased purchasing power with customers, suppliers and manufacturers are facing greater pressure to produce more and more personalized varieties of high-quality products, then ultimately the production of customized products.Research shows that effective supply chain management can always make the supply chain of enterprises will be able to maintain stability and a lasting competitive advantage, thus increasing the overall supply chain competitiveness. Statistics show that, supply chain management will enable the effective implementation of enterprise total cost of about 20 per cent decline in the supply chain node on the enterprise-time delivery rate increased by 15 percent or more, orders to shorten the production cycle time 20 percent to 30 percent, supply chain Node on the enterprise value-added productivity increased by 15 percent or more. More and more enterprises have already recognized that the implementation of supply chain management of the great benefits, such as HP,IBM, DELL, such as supply chain management in the practice of the remarkable achievements made is proof.Supply chain management: it from a strategic level and grasp the overall perspective of the end-user demand, through effective cooperation between enterprises, access from the cost, time, efficiency, flexibility, and so the best results. From raw materials to end-users of all activities, the whole chain of process management.SCM (supply chain management) is to enable enterprises to better procurement of manufactured products and services required for raw materials, production of goods and services and their delivery to clients, the combination of art and science. Supply chain management, including the five basic elements.Plan: This is a strategic part of SCM. You need a strategy to manage all the resources to meet our customers for your products. Good plan is to build a series of methods to monitor the supply chain to enable it to effective, low-cost delivery of high quality for customers and high-value products or services.Procurement: you can choose the products and services to provide goods and services providers, and suppliers to establish a pricing, delivery and payment processes and create methods to monitor and improve the management, and the suppliers to provide goods and services Combined with management processes, including the delivery and verification of documentation, transfer of goods to your approval of the manufacturing sector and payments to suppliers and so on.Manufacturing: arrangements for the production, testing, packaged and ready for delivery, supply chain measurement is the largest part of the contents, including the level of quality, product yield and productivity of workers, such as the measurement.Delivery: a lot of "insider" as "logistics", is to adjust the user's orders receipts, the establishment of the storage network, sending and delivery service delivery personnel to the hands of customers, the establishment of commodity pricing system, receiving payments.Return: This is the supply chain problems in the handling part. Networking customers receive the refund of surplus and defective products, and customer applications to provide support for the problem.Source70 in the late 20th century, Keith Oliver adoption and Skf, Heineken, Hoechst, Cadbury-Schweppes, Philips, and other contact with customers in the process of gradually formed its own point of view. And in 1982, "Financial Times" magazine in an article on the supply chain management (SCM) of the significance, Keith Oliver was that the word will soon disappear, but "SCM" not only not disappeared, and quickly entered the public domain , The concept of the managers of procurement, logistics, operations, sales and marketing activities sense a great deal.EvolutionSupply chain has never been a universally accepted definition, supply chain management in the development process, many experts and scholars have putforth a lot of definition, reflecting the different historical backgrounds, in different stages of development of the product can be broadly defined by these For the three stages:1, the early view was that supply chain is manufacturing enterprises in an internal process2, but the supply chain concept of the attention of the links with other firms 3, the last of the supply chain concept of pay more attention around the core of the network links between enterprises, such as core business with suppliers, vendors and suppliers, and even before all the relations, and a user, after all the users and to the relationship.ApplySupply chain management involves four main areas: supply, production planning, logistics, demand. Functional areas including product engineering, product assurance, procurement, production control, inventory control, warehouse management, distribution management. Ancillary areas including customer service, manufacturing, design engineering, accounting, human resources, marketing.Supply Chain Management implementation steps: 1, analysis of market competition environment, identify market opportunities, 2, analysis of customer value, 3, identified competitive strategy, 4, the analysis of the core competitiveness of enterprises, 5, assessment, selection of partners For the supply chain partners of choice, can follow the following principles:1, partners must have available the core of their competitiveness.2, enterprises have the same values and strategic thinking3, partners must Fewer but Better.CaseAs China's largest IT distributor, Digital China in China's supply chain management fields in the first place. In the IT distribution model generally questioned the circumstances, still maintained a good momentum of development, and CISCO, SUN, AMD, NEC, IBM, and other famous international brands to maintain good relations of cooperation. e-Bridge trading system in September 2000 opening, as at the end of March 2003, and 6.4 billion yuan in transaction volume. In fact, this is the Digital China from the traditional distribution supply chain services to best reflect the changes. In the "distribution of services is a" concept, Digital China through the implementation of change channels, expansion of product and service operations, increasing its supply chain in the value of scale and specialized operations, to meet customer demand on the lower reaches of the In the course of the supply chain system can provide more value-added services, with more and more "IT services" color.供应链管理所谓供应链，其实就是由供应商、制造商、仓库、配送中心和渠道商等构成的物流网络。
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2
PricewaterhouseCoopers
Top Issues Facing SCM Professionals
Funding
11%
In a recent quantitative
Global Management
12%
survey, SCM
Organisation Structure
12%
professionals were
Procurement Planning
Manufacturing Planning
7
Distribution Planning
Demand Planning
PricewaterhouseCoopers
Cross-Functional Supply Chain Metrics
Purchasing Manufacturing
• Today, the talk is of "supply networks", "parallel chains", "enhanced concurrent activities", and “customer centric” with new information platforms and technology set to cut both inventory and lead-times throughout the delivery pipeline further.
Supply Chain Management
Accelerating Cost Effectiveness
PwC
Supply Chain Management
• The supply chain used to be a simple serial process with raw materials slowly moving in one direction through manufacturing production and onward via a distribution system to retailers and customers.
Retailers
Customer
Make what we sell, not sell what we make!
5
PricewaterhouseCoopers
Move to Cross-Functional Business Processes
Purchasing Manufacturing
Distribution
Source: PRTM
4
PricewaterhouseCoopers
Move From Push To Pull
Suppliers
Manufacturers
Distributors/ Wholesalers
Retailers
Customer
Suppliers
Manufacturers
Distributors/ Wholesalers
E-Business Support Management
Qualified Associates Integration
Systems Application Cost
13% 21%
asked a open-ended subjective question, “What are the three biggest issues facing you personally in developing your logistics strategy?”
Suppliers
Synchronized Production Scheduling
Collaborative Product Development
Manufacturer
Collaborative Demand Planning
Retailers
Distributors/ Wholesalers
Collaborative Logistics Planning • Transportation services • Distribution center services
SCM Benefits
Materials Flows Information Flows
Cash Flows
Suppliers
Manufacturer
Distributors/ Wholesalers
Retailers
Customers
US companies expect to reap $3-400B of savings through a variety of benefits (3 – 5% of revenues)
Supply Chain Optimization
Procurement Planning
Synchronized, Sequential Planning
Manufacturing Planning
Distribution Planning
Forecasting
Synchronized, Concurrent Planning Supply Chain Optimization
Distribution
Install/ Maintenance
Sales
LSL
USL
LSL
USL
LSL
USL
LSL
USL
LSL
USL
Perfect Order Process
Source
Make
Deliver
8
Install
Sell
PricewaterhouseCoopers
Sharing and Collaboration
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
Source: AMR Research 2000
The top three responses were;
Cost (21%), Systems Applications (20%) and Integration (19%)
3
PricewaterhouseCoopers
Install/ Maintenance
Sales
Order Fulfillment
Available-to-Promise
Sales & Operations Planning
Department Performance
Source
Make
Deliver
6
Install
Sell
PricewaterhouseCoopers