财务会计翻译专业术语

这是每章后面的词汇表，请各章译者按此词汇统一翻译专业术语。

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第一章p25Accounting 会计Annual report 年度报告Assets 资产Auditor’s report 审计报告Balance sheet 资产负债表Basic accounting equation 基本会计等式Certified Public Accountant (CPA) 注册会计师Common stock 普通股Comparative statements 比较报表Corporation 股份公司Dividends 股利Expenses 费用Income statement 收益表，利润表Liabilities 负债Management discussion and analysis (MD&A) 管理层讨论和分析Net income 净收益Net loss 净损失Notes to the financial statements 财务报表附注Partnership 合伙企业Retained earnings 留存收益Retained earnings statement 留存收益表Revenue 收入Sarbanes-Oxley Act 萨班斯－奥克斯利法案Sole proprietorship 独资企业Statement of cash flows 现金流量表Stockholders’ equity 股东权益第二章p74Classified balance sheet 分类资产负债表Comparability 可比性Conservatism 稳健性Consistency 一致性，一贯性Cost principle 成本原则Current assets 流动资产Current liabilities 流动负债Current ratio 流动比率Debt to total assets ratio 资产负债率，负债比率Earnings per share (EPS) 每股收益Economic entity assumption 经济主体假设，会计主体假设Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) 财务会计准则委员会Free cash flow 自由现金流量Full disclosure principle 充分披露原则Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) 公认会计原则Going concern assumption 持续经营假设Intangible assets 无形资产International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) 国际会计准则理事会Liquidity 流动性，变现能力Liquidity ratios 流动性比率Long-term investments 长期投资Long-term liabilities (Long-term debt) 长期负债Materiality 重要性Monetary unit assumption 货币单位假设Operating cycle 营业周期Profitability ratios 获利能力比率Property, plant, and equipment 地产、厂场与设备Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB) 上市公司会计监管委员会Ratio 比率Ratio analysis 比率分析Relevance 相关性Reliability 可靠性Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) 证券交易委员会Solvency 偿债能力Solvency ratios 偿债能力比率Statement of stockholders’ equity 股东权益表Time period assumption 会计分期假设Working capital 营运资本第三章p133Account 账户Accounting information system 会计信息系统Accounting transactions 会计业务Charts of accounts 账户一览表Credit 贷方Debit 借方Double-entry system 复式记账法General journal 普通日记账General ledger 总分类账Journal 日记账Journalizing 编制分录Ledger 分类账Posting 过账T account T形账户Trial balance 试算表，试算平衡表第四章p195Accrual-basis accounting 权责发生制会计，应计制会计Accrued expenses 应计费用Accrued revenues 应计收入Adjusted trial balance 调整后试算表Adjusting entries 调整分录Book value 账面价值Cash-basis accounting 收付实现制会计，现金制会计Closing entries 结账分录Contra asset account 对销资产账户Depreciation 折旧Earnings management 盈余管理Fiscal year 会计年度Income Summary 收益汇总Matching Principle 配比原则Permanent accounts 永久性账户Post-closing trial balance 结账后试算表Prepaid expenses (Prepayments) 预付费用（预付款项）Quality of earnings 收益质量Revenue recognition principle 收入确认原则Reversing entry 转回分录Temporary accounts 临时性账户Time period assumption 会计分期假设Unearned revenues 未获收入Useful life 使用年限Worksheet 工作底稿第五章p249Contra revenue account 对销收入账户Cost of goods sold 销售成本Gross profit 毛利Gross profit rate 毛利率Net sales 销售净额Periodic inventory system 定期盘存制Perpetual inventory system 永续盘存制Profit margin ratio 净利润率Purchase allowance 购货折让Purchase discount 购货折扣Purchase invoice 购货发票Purchase return 购货退回Quality of earnings ratio 收益质量比率Sales discount 销售折扣Sales invoice 销售发票Sales returns and allowances 销售退回和折让Sales revenue 销售收入第六章p301Average-cost method 平均成本法Consigned goods 寄销品Current replacement cost 现行重置成本Days in inventory 存货周转天数Finished goods inventory 产成品存货First-in, first-out (FIFO) method 先进先出法FOB destination 到达地交货FOB shipping point 起运地交货Inventory turnover ratio 存货周转率Just-in-time (JIT) inventory 适时存货制Last-in, first-out (LIFO) method 后进先出法LIFO reserve 后进先出法储备Lower-of-cost-or-market (LCM) 成本与市价孰低Raw materials 原材料Specific identification method 个别认定法，具体辨认法Weighted average unit cost 加权平均单位成本Work in process 在产品第七章pBank reconciliation 银行存款余额调节表Bank statement 银行对账单Bonding 忠诚保险契约Cash 现金Cash budget 现金预算Cash equivalents 现金等价物Deposits in transit 在途存款Electronic funds transfer, EFT 电子资金转账Fraud 舞弊Fraud triangle 舞弊三角Internal auditors 内部审计员Internal control 内部控制NSF check 存款不足支票Outstanding checks 未兑现支票Petty cash fund 零用现金Restricted cash 限制性现金Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, SOX 2002年萨班斯－奥克斯利法案Treasurer 出纳Voucher 付款凭单Voucher system 付款凭单制度第八章p410Accounts receivable应收账款Aging the accounts receivable 应收账款账龄分析Allowance method 备抵法Average collection period 平均收账期Bad debts expense 坏账费用Cash (net) realizable value 可变现价值（净值）Concentration of credit risk 信用风险集中Direct write-off method 直接注销法Dishonored note 拒付票据Factor 代理融通公司Maker 出票人Notes receivable 应收票据Payee 收款人Percentage of receivable basis 应收账款百分比Promissory note 本票，期票Receivables 应收款项Receivables turnover ratio 应收账款周转率Trade receivables 商业应收款第九章p463Accelerated-depreciation method 加速折旧法Additions and improvements 扩建和改良Amortization 摊销Asset turnover ratio 资产周转率Capital expenditures 资本支出Capital lease 资本租赁Cash equivalent price 现金等价物价格Copyright 版权Declining-balance method 余额递减法Depreciable cost 应折旧成本Depreciation 折旧Franchise 专营权Goodwill 商誉Impairment 减值Intangible assets 无形资产Lessee 承租人Lessor 出租人Licenses 特许权Operating lease 经营租赁Ordinary repairs 日常修理Patent 专利权Plant assets 厂场资产，固定资产Research and development costs 研究与开发成本Return on assets ratio 资产报酬率Revenue expenditures 收益支出Straight-line method 直线法Trademark (trade name) 商标权Units-of-activity method 产量法第十章p521Bond certificate 债券证书Bonds 债券Callable bonds 可赎回债券Capital lease 资本租赁Contingencies 或有事项Contractual (stated) interest rate 约定（设定）利率Convertible bonds 可转换债券Current liability 流动负债Discount (on a bond) 债券折价Effective-interest method of amortization 实际利息摊销法Effective-interest rate 实际利率Face value 面值Long-term liabilities 长期负债Market interest rate 市场利率Maturity date 到期日Mortgage note payable 应付抵押票据Notes payable 应付票据Off-balance-sheet financing 表外融资Operating lease 经营租赁Premium (on a bond) 债券溢价Present value 现值Secured bonds 有担保债券Straight-line method of amortization 直线摊销法Time value of money 货币时间价值Times interest earned ratio 利息保障倍数Unsecured bonds 无担保债券，信用债券第十一章p579Authorized stock 核定股份Cash dividend 现金股利Charter 公司章程Corporation 公司Cumulative dividend 累积股利Declaration date 股利宣告日Deficit 亏绌Dividend 股利Dividends in arrears 积欠股利Legal capital 法定资本No-par value stock 无面值股票Outstanding stock 发行在外股票Paid-in capital 实收资本Par value stock 有面值股票Payment date 股利支付日Payout ratio 股利分派率Preferred stock 优先股Privately held corporation 私人持股公司Publicly held corporation 公众持股公司Record date 股利登记日Retained earnings 留存收益Retained earnings restrictions 受限制留存收益Return on common stockholders’ equity ratio 普通股股东权益报酬率Stated value 设定价值Stock dividend 股票股利Stock split 股票分割Treasury stock 库存股票第十二章p633Cash debt coverage ratio 负债保障倍数Current cash debt coverage ratio 流动负债保障倍数Direct method 直接法Financing activities 筹资活动Free cash flow 自由现金流量Indirect method 间接法Investing activities 投资活动Operating activities 经营活动Product life cycle 产品寿命周期Statement of cash flow 现金流量表第十三章pAsset turnover ratio 资产周转率Available-for-sale securities 可出售证券Average collection period 平均收账期Cash debt coverage ratio 负债保障倍数Change in accounting principle 会计原则变更Comprehensive income 综合收益，全面收益Current cash debt coverage ratio 流动负债保障倍数Current ratio 流动比率Days in inventory 存货周转天数Debt to total assets ratio 资产负债率，负债比率Discontinued operations 终止经营Earnings per share 每股收益Extraordinary items 非常项目Free cash flow 自由现金流量Gross profit rate 毛利率Horizontal analysis 横向分析Inventory turnover ratio 存货周转率Leveraging 杠杆作用Liquidity ratios 流动性比率Payout ratio 股利分派率Price-earnings (P-E) ratio 市盈率Pro forma income 预计收益Profit margin ratio 净利润率Profitability ratios 获利能力比率Quality of earnings 收益质量Receivables turnover ratio 应收账款周转率Return on assets ratio 资产报酬率Return on common stockholders’ equity ratio 普通股股东权益报酬率Solvency ratios 偿债能力比率Sustainable income 持续经营收益Times interest earned ratio 利息保障倍数Trading on the equity 举债经营Trading securities 交易性证券Vertical analysis 纵向分析。