专四语法第1节-语法基本概念
英语专四考试词汇与语法详解

英语专四考试词汇与语法详解英语专四考试词汇与语法详解语法和词汇是英语考试必考的题目,占得分值也是比较大的,深入了解语法和词汇是我们必须要做到,下面就和店铺一起来看看专业英语四级的词汇语法详解吧!一、代数名词数词1.在使用两个以上的人称代词时顺序是:第二人称第三人称第一人称2.everyone后面不可以跟of短语 every one 就可以3.以‘名词/动名词+介词(短语)/形容词/副词/动词不定式’构成的复合名词,它的复数形式是将作为主要部分的名词或动名词变为复数直接来源于短语或以可数名词结尾的复合名词的复数形式是将最后一个构词部分变为复数以‘man 或者woman+名词’构成的复合名词的复数形式是将两个组成部分全变成复数以不可数名词结尾的复合名词无复数形式如:homework4.物质名词一般不可数,但用于表示‘各种不同品种’时几乎都可做可数名词如:different teas5.当抽象名词前后有修饰语表示‘某一种’或‘某一方面’的`抽象概念时其前可加a/an6.名词所有格要点:必须用's的场合(1)'s属格用于表示时间,度量衡,价值的名词之后(2)作为一个整体的词组在最后一个词加's(3)人或物为两人共有,在第二个名词后加's(4)当所有格后面的名词是人们熟悉的建筑物如商店,住家,教堂,医院等,此名词常省略(5)复合名词在最后一个词后加's(6)当被修饰的名词后有同位语时,必须用's7.当用来表示类别或属性时,要用's children's shoes 儿童鞋,必须用of的场合(1)名词后跟有后置修饰语或同位语时(2)以定冠词加分词或形容词表示一类人时如果dozen/score/hundred/thousand/million前有基数词以表示确切数目时,都不能用复数形式如果用来表示很多有不确切的数目时,须用复数,而且后面加of8.表示顺序的两种方式:(1)'名词+基数词',不用冠词,如Chapter four(2)' the+序数词+名词' 如the Fourth Chapter9.倍数增减的表示法(1) 倍数+形容词/副词比较级+than(2) 倍数+as+形容词/副词+as(3) 倍数+名词(4) 动词+百分比或倍数(5) 动词+to+数词(6) double/triple/quadruple+名词(7) 动词+by+数词/百分比/倍数10.分数分子为基数词,分母为序数词分母除了在分子为一的其他情况下为复数11.百分比后接名词时加of二、形容词副词(1)前置修饰语的排列顺序可以至于冠词前的形容词(all both such) -----冠词,指示形容词,所有格形容词,不定形容词(a an the this your his any some)-----------基数词(one ) 序数词(first)------------ 表示性质,状态,质量的形容词(good useful)--------------表示大小,长短,形状的形容词----------------表示年龄,新旧,温度的形容词------------表示颜色的形容词---------------------表示国籍,产地,区域的形容词-----------表示材料,用做形容词的名词----------动名词,分词(2)后置修饰语由前缀a-构成的形容词(3)形容词修饰由some-,any-,every-,no-,-body,-one,-thing等组成的复合不定代词时,必须后置(4)enough作形容词修饰名词时既可放前又可放后,但当它作副词修饰形容词或副词时,必须后置(5)有些形容词本身就有’比…年长‘,’比…… 优等的意思这些形容词后面用介词to 而不用than(6)much too 作为副词短语修饰形容词或副词,不修饰名词(7)more 不能用来修饰比较级(8)与名词连用的more of a …/as much of a…/more of a…意为更像…(9)as much o f a…意为称得上,less of a 意为算不上(10)none other than(不是别人,正是)=no other than(11)any/some/every与other连用时,其后若用可数名词,一般为单数三、情态动词(1)can 用于否定句cannot(help)but表示不能不,只能(but后跟不带to的动词不定式)(2)must 表示禁止,一定不要时的否定式为mustn't 当它表示有把握的推断时意为一定准是时它的否定形式为can't(3)need doing=need to be done 这个句型表示被动意味(4)need not have done sth 表示本来没有必要做某事 (经常考)四、虚拟语气从句主句(1)与过去事实相反 had+过去分词 should(第一人称)would(其它人称)+have+过去分词与现在事实相反一般过去式(动词be用were) would/should/could/might+动词原型与将来事实相反过去式或should/were+动原would/should/could/might+动词原型(2)It is (high/about/the)time……谓语动词用过去式指现在或将来的情况表示早该做某事而现在已经有点晚了(3)It is the first(second/third)time后的that从句中,谓语动词要用完成体来表示一种经验(4)as if/though 的虚拟要点(5)对当时事实的假设,从句谓语用过去式,be动词一律用were(6)对过去事实的假设,从句谓语用过去完成式(7)对未来事实的假设,从句谓语用would+动词原型【英语专四考试词汇与语法详解】。
英语专四语法复习内容

英语专四语法复习内容想要通过英语专四考试,就必须掌握英语专四的语法。
那么英语专四的语法有哪些呢?下面由店铺为大家整理的英语专四语法内容,希望大家喜欢!英语专四语法内容一 There be 结构1. There be结构There were very few people left when we got there.There have been many such incidents.Nearby there had been a fight in full progress.也可以是情态动词 +beThere can be very little doubt about his guilt.There may always be instances about which we are uncertain. There ought to / should be some instructions on the lid.还可以是There +情态动词+ be 的完成时There may have been an accident.If the criminal had come this way, there would be / would have been footprints. There should / ought to have been someone on duty all the time.2. There + 半动词+ be,这里很少用完成体形式.There is certain to be trouble at the factory.There is sure / likely to be some rain tonight. There seems / appears to be no doubt about it.3. There be结构也可有被动式,这类there be结构有些可以与there be结构的一般形式相互转换。
【实用文档】专四语法总结.doc

专四必备语法I.基本句型和句式剖析1. 简单句/并列句/复合句2. 五种基本句型3. 统辖与约束:用这个方法分析更方便,特别是并列和修饰关系,可以更好的讲清楚。
①.My whole life, brief as it was, had been spent in that big old house, gracefully touched with the laughter andtears of four generations.分清主干my whole life had been spent和修饰关系gracefully touched with the laughter and tears of four generations 非限制性是定语从句,修饰that big old house②.I see such a difference in New York City, for example, from when I first moved here more than 20 years ago:people rushing into elevators without giving those inside a chance to get off first, never saying “Thank you.”when others hold a door open for them, or “Please.” when they want a coworker to hand them something, never giving a wave or nod of appreciation when another motorist lets them pull out into traffic.分清层次never 与never 并列,saying 的宾语有两个,由or连接,而people统辖的内容有三个rushing into…, never saying…, never giving…,并与此三个部分构成动名词复合结构,相当于说I saw a scene of people rushing…③.It adds priceless panache (n.) to your understanding of the way people behave.注意add sth. to 分割的状况II. 词法部分1.名词与代词1)不可数名词的量化表示修饰可数名词复数: many, a good/great many,a good/great/large number of修饰不可数名词: much, a great deal of, a large amount of两者都可修饰: a lot of, lots of, plenty of, a great/large quantity of, quantities of, a large sum of2)在汉语中可数,但在英语中为不可数名词的某些词advice, baggage (luggage), damage, equipment, furniture, homework, information, news ...3) 与所指代的名词在性、数、格上是否一致如:Each cigarette a person smokes does some harm, and eventually he may get a serious disease from its effect.It was during the 1920’s that the friendship between the two American writers Hemingway and Fitzgerald reached its highest point.4) that, one的指代作用that指代不可数名词和单数可数名词(如是复数,用those),后面通常跟有修饰语,如出现在比较结构中的that of。
英语专业四级考试语法精讲[1]
![英语专业四级考试语法精讲[1]](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/a66f1368561252d380eb6e8d.png)
英语专业四级考试—语法精讲虚拟语气第一部分:概述虚拟语气类型(宾语从句;状语从句;名词性从句(主语从句,同位语从句,表语从句);定语从句;特殊类型(感叹句);省略if 的虚拟法(倒装))ExamplesThe rapid change of society requires that college students adapt to the world outside campus by getting to know the society.I would rather that you did nothing for the time being.I wish that I were a student again.I wished that I had followed his suggestion.名词性从句中的虚拟主语从句(it is +adj./p.p that)同位语从句(The +n. that )表语从句(n. +be that)省略if 的虚拟法(倒装)(1)虚拟语气中如果从句引导词if / whether 省略,从句中需要倒装,提前助动词(系动词)或情态动词。
Eg. If it should rain tomorrow, we would not be able to have the sports meeting.=Should it rain tomorrow, we should not be able to have the sports meeting.省略if 的虚拟法(倒装)(2)Eg. Whether it (may) be fine or rainy, we would have the sports meeting. =Be it fine or rainy, we would have the sports meeting.If she had been given more information, she could have answered the questions.=Had she been given more information, she could have answered the questions.第二部分详解&总结虚拟语气的动词标志―insist, suggest, require, request, demand, propose, prefer, maintain, move,urge, recommend, command, order‖等动词表“建议、愿望”时,其后宾语从句中谓语动词要用虚拟语气。
专四语法讲义

专四语法部分一、总体概况:语法考点:三大从句——名词、定从、状从非谓语动词时态、语态、语气、情态动词其他二、从句讲解三大从句(一)三大从句五种基本句式主语+谓语vt+宾语主语+谓语vt+宾语+宾语主语+谓语vt+宾语+补语主语+谓语vi+状语主语+系动词+表语状语,主语(定语)谓语宾语状语(定从) 系动词表语(状从)(同位语)(非谓语)(非谓语)(介词短语)(介词短语)(副词)长难句解题技巧:抓住干,定从句逗号原则:在英语句子中,逗号是不能连接两个独立完整的句子的。
名词性从句三大从句(二)两步解题法1.抓连词2.状从中的连接词——常考固搭so…that in order that such…that with the result that so thatthat引导名词性从句——that+完整句子(1)主语从句e.g. It is true that he passed the exam.It is said that he passed the exam.It is a pity that he didn’t pass the exam.强调句式It is/was+被强调部分+that+不完整句子主、宾、表、状e.g. I met him in the street.It was him that I met in the street.It was in the street that I met him.(2)宾语从句主+谓语vt+(that)+完整句子e.g. I know (that) he passed the exam.(3)表语从句主+系动词+that+完整句子e.g. My suggestion is that he go with us tomorrow.(4)同位语从句抽象名词+that+完整句子e.g. My suggestion that he go with us tomorrow.There is/are +抽象名词+that+完整句子Answer,belief,concept,conclusion,decision,discovery,doubt,evidence,sign,fact,hope,idea,informati on,knowledge,suggestion,thought,probability…On the condition that…Despite the fact that…On the understanding that…that 引导限定性定从all some any one(s) every each…the first the lastthe only the veryn+that+不完整句子作从句中的主、宾、表语e.g. The book that was written by him is pop.that引导同位语从句抽象名词+that+完整句子that 引导限定性定从n+that+不完整句子作从句中的主、宾、表语The fact that he passed the exam was true.The fact that he found was true.三大从句(三)What=all that; the thing that; the person thatWhat 只引导主从、宾从、表从,不能引导定从和同位从What+不完整句子What he said made me happy.e.g. _____it turned out,it was Italian movie.A What_____it turned out was Italian movie.A WhatI know what he said.I listen to what he said.This is what he said.词______+ 不完整句子n A what Xvt/介词/系动词 A what 可以考虑词,_______+不完整句子A whatB whichC thatwhat 与how 的区别I don’t know what to do.I don’t know how to do it.I’m thinking of ______to do about it.A.whatB. how介词短语在句子的位置1)作状语句子+介短/介短+句子2)作定语n+介短3)作表语系+介短wh—ever与no matter wh—区别让步、名从让步I don’t believe whatever he said.Whatever happens,don’t panic.公式however + adj/adv + 主语+ 谓语e.g. It caused them to think about _______they might control the experiences of children to duce responsible and productive adults.A. whatB. howC. whateverD. however if 与 whether 的区别 if_______about the university the mind, love, dreams, or ordering a drink. A) whatB) whether C) while D) if Never ask a child _______he likes or dislikes.A) what B) whether C) that D) which We know, however,________ no two places are exactly the same. A) Although B) whether C) since D) that 三大从句(四) 定语从句两步解题法1. 抓先行项(指人、物、整句话内容)2. 抓关系词在定语从句中的成分e.g. This is the house_______①I once lived.②I once visited.①where/in which②that/which/xThis is the very house_________ I once visited.e.g. I’ll never forget the day______①I met him.②I spent with him.①when/on which②that/which/xI’ll never forget the very day______ I spent with him. 地点n where 主+谓vt+宾/宾/宾补主+谓vi主+系+表时间n when 主+谓vt+宾/宾/宾补主+谓vi 主+系+表the reason why 主+谓vt+宾/宾/宾补 主+谓vi 主+系+表 三大从句(五)Which 在专四考试中,只考定语从句。
四级语法知识点大纲

四级语法知识点大纲第一节:名词1.定义:名词是表示人、事物、地点、概念等的词语。
2.分类:可数名词和不可数名词。
3.句中作用:名词在句子中可以作主语、宾语等成分,还可以通过所有格形式表示所属关系。
第二节:代词1.定义:代词是用来代替名词或名词词组的词语。
2.分类:人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、疑问代词、不定代词等。
3.句中作用:代词可以替代名词,使句子更加简洁明了。
第三节:动词1.定义:动词是表示动作、状态或变化的词语。
2.分类:及物动词和不及物动词。
3.句中作用:动词可以作谓语,表示主语的动作或状态,也可以作状语、宾语等成分。
第四节:形容词1.定义:形容词是用来描述名词或代词性质、特征、状态等的词语。
2.句中作用:形容词可以修饰名词或代词,使句子更具描述性和表达力。
第五节:副词1.定义:副词是用来修饰动词、形容词、副词、句子等的词语。
2.句中作用:副词可以表示时间、地点、程度、方式等,增加句子的信息量和表达的准确性。
第六节:介词1.定义:介词是用来表示名词或代词与其他词语之间的关系的词语。
2.句中作用:介词可以表示时间、地点、方式、原因等,丰富句子的含义和表达的层次。
第七节:连词1.定义:连词是用来连接单词、短语或句子的词语。
2.分类:并列连词、从属连词。
3.句中作用:连词可以让句子结构更加完整,使语言更加流畅。
第八节:数词1.定义:数词是表示数量或顺序的词语。
2.分类:基数词和序数词。
3.句中作用:数词可以表示数量、顺序或比较,使句子更具体、准确。
第九节:感叹词1.定义:感叹词是用来表示强烈的情感或感叹的词语。
2.句中作用:感叹词可以表达惊讶、赞叹、喜悦等情绪,增强句子的感情色彩。
通过以上九个知识点的学习,我们可以更好地理解和运用英语语法。
掌握这些知识点,对于学习和提高自己的英语水平具有重要的帮助。
希望大家能够认真学习,不断练习,进一步提升自己的英语能力。
1 基本概念、名词、主谓一致

三.英语短语的分类 短语(phrase)具有一定意义,在句子里可以 单独作为一个句子成分。
英语短语主要有: 名词、动词、形容词、副词短语, 不定式短语(infinitive phrase) 如: He likes to read newspaper after supper. 动名词短语(gerundial phrase)如: Staying indoors all day is unhealthy. 分词短语(participial phrase)如: I saw many people walking along the lake. The bridge built last year is now being repaired. 介词短语(prepositional phrase)如: He came here by bus.
She put the eggs into the basket with great care. (方式状语) She came in with a dictionary in her hand.(伴随状语) In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder. (目的状语) He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.(结果状语) She works very hard though she is old.(让步状语) I am taller than he is.(比较状语)
பைடு நூலகம்
(六)定语:修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为 定语。定语可由以下列词、短语、句子表示: Guilin is a beautiful city. (形容词) China is a developing country; America is a developed country. (现在/过去分词) There are thirty women teachers is our school. (名词) His rapid progress in English made us surprised. (代词) Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom. (不定式短语) The teaching plan for next term has been worked out. (动名词) He is reading an article about how to learn English. (介词短语) Thank you for the help which you have given me. 定语从句
专四语法详细归纳

2. 以-s结尾的名词做主语的主谓一致 • 疾病名词: 单数:arthritis关节炎,bronchitis支气管炎,rickets软骨病,mumps 腮腺炎,diabetes糖尿病 可作单数也可作复数: rickets软骨病,measles麻疹 • 游戏名称一般做单数,表示游戏所用镖等意义时用复数 Darts投镖,marbles打弹子游戏 Cards用复数:Cards are not allowed here. • 地理名称 国名用单数 群山、海峡、瀑布用复数 The Himalayas have a magnificent variety of plant and animal life. • Scissors, glasses, shorts, trousers一类词单独使用用复数,加上单 位词,如a pair of 由单位词单、复数决定 • -ings结尾的名词一般用复数 The clippings of the hedges are usually hurt. • 特例(见语法P33) The only means to achieve success is to appeal to arms. All means have been tried out to increase agricultural production.
4.并列结构作主语时的主谓一致 Egg and milk is a good breakfast. (这里的鸡蛋和牛奶都指 一顿早饭,不可分割)
Fish and chips(炸鱼土豆片 ) is a popular supper here. • 当and连接的并列名词词组带有each, every或者many a 等限定词时,随后动词常用单数 Many a man and woman in this community finds himself or herself in need. Every boy and girl in the class is given a copy of the photo. • 主语后跟有由as much as, rather than, more than, no less than, as well as, in addition to, with, along with, together with, except等引导的结构或词组,取决于主 语本身形式。
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第一节语法基本概念一单词句子都是由单词组成的。
英语单词可根据词类或词性(Parts of Speech)分类如下:具有一定意义但不构成从句或句子的一组词,叫做短语(Phrase)。
短语的种类很多,除了名词短语、动词短语、形容词短语、副词短语外,还有不定式短语(Gerundial Phrase)、分词短语(Participial Phrase)、介词短语(Prepositional Phrase)、独立短语(Absolute Phrase)等。
三句子谓语动词是句子的必要成分之一。
由于动词有5种不同的种类,故构成5种不同的基本剧情(Basic Patterns of Sentences)。
1.主语+谓语动词(不及物动词)Every minute counts. 分秒必争。
2.主语+谓语动词(及物动词)+宾语You should look out for pickpockets. 你应当提防扒手。
3.主语+系动词+表语Truth is the daughter of time. 时间见真理。
4.主语+谓语动词+间接宾语+直接宾语Please pass me the dictionary. 请把字典递给我。
5.主语+谓语动词+宾语+宾语补语All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy. 只用功不玩耍,聪明的孩子也变傻。
四句子成分必须的成分:主语、谓语可能有的成分:宾语、补语、修饰语(定语、状语、同位语)1.主语(1)主语(Subject)一般在句子开头,是句子的“陈述对象”,通常由名词、代词、不定式、动名词、相当于名词的词组或从句、引用充当。
如:The students all love their English teacher. 这些学生都喜欢他们的英语老师。
They go to school by bus. 他们乘公共汽车上学。
Watching TV too much is bad for your eyes. 看太多电视对你的眼睛是有害的。
What we need is a good rest. 我们需要的是好好休息一下。
“I love you”is often heard on Valentine’s Day. 情人节时,经常听到有人说“我爱你”。
(2)形式主语与真实主语(Formal Subject and Real Subject)主语是不定式短语、动名词短语或分句时,常会放在句尾,用it代替它原来的位置,这个it称为形式主语,放在句尾的原主语为真实主语。
如:It is very hard to get to sleep. 入睡很难。
(不定式短语为真实主语,it为形式主语)It’s a pity that you can’t come. 你不能来真是件遗憾的事。
(句子为真实主语,it为形式主语)2.宾语宾语(Object)是行为动作的对象,一般可分为动词宾语和介词宾语,充当宾语的可以使名词、代词、名词化的形容词、动名词、动词不定式、介词短语或句子。
如:I bought a ticket for Milan. 我买了一张去米兰的车票。
I enjoyed talking to you. 我和你谈话很高兴。
They decided to close the border. 他们决定封闭边境。
A rabbit ran out from under the table. 桌底下跑出来一只兔子。
We hoped that all would come well. 我们希望一切都会好转。
【专四真题】In “How much do you think he earns?”how much is _______ of the sentence.A. the subjectB. the adverbialC. the objectD. the complement译文:在“How much do you think he earns?”一句中,how much在句子中充当什么成分?分析:在这个句子中,do you think为插入语,在How much he earns中,he是主语,earns是谓语动词,引导词How much作earns的宾语。
因此选C。
(1)直接宾语与间接宾语(Direct Object and Indirect Object)英语中的授予动词(Dative Verb,有“给予”、“告知”、“拒绝”等类似意义的动词)要求接双宾语,即直接宾语和间接宾语。
直接宾语指所给予或告知的“事物”;间接宾语指接受或被告知事物的“人”。
间接宾语可置于直接宾语之后,但前面需加介词to或for。
Please show me your passport. 请把护照给我看一下。
(me为间接宾语,your passport为直接宾语。
)The arrangement saved lots of time for us. 这个安排省了我们很多时间。
(lots oftime为直接宾语,us为间接宾语。
)On the bus, he often gives his seat to an old person. 在公共汽车上,他经常把座位让给老人。
(his seat为直接宾语,an old person为间接宾语。
)(3)形式宾语与真实宾语(Formal Object and Real Object)作宾语用的短语或从句之后接有宾语补语时,必须将用作宾语的短语或从句放在补语之后,用it代替它的原位置;这个it称谓形式宾语,放在补语之后的宾语为真实宾语。
如:I think it wrong to waste time. 我认为浪费时间是不对的。
(不定式短语是真实宾语,it是形式宾语,wrong是宾语补语。
)3.表语位置上,表语(Predicative)总位于系动词之后,与系动词一起构成系动词的谓语;意义上,表语通常说明主语的身份、特征或状态。
名词、代词、形容词、副词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语或句子可充当表语。
如:They are brother and sister. 他们是兄妹。
What I want to say is this. 我想说的就是这个。
This is what I want to say. 这是我想说的。
Her father is sixty-five. 她父亲65岁。
The proof of the Pudding is in the eating. 布丁好不好,吃了才知道。
4.补语补语(Complement)是起补充说明作用的成分,用以弥补主语或宾语意义的不足。
补语可分为主语补语(Subject Complement)和宾语补语(Object Complement),一般由名动名词、形容词、介副词、不定式、分词充当。
如:They considered that a downright lie. 他们认为那是彻头彻尾的谎言。
(宾语that的补语)I found everything in good condition.我看到一切都并然有序。
(宾语everything的补语)That man has never been seen to smile.从没见那个人笑过。
(主语that man的补语) Foreigners are called Lao Wai.外国人被称为“老外”。
(主语Foreigners 的补语) *注意:后跟名词作宾语补语的动词有call, name, think, make, choose 等,后跟形容词作宾语补语的谓语词有keep, find, get, think, make 等。
动词不定式作宾语补语时,当谓语动词为感官动词(如feel, see, hear, notice, watch, observe, listen to, look at等)、使役动词(如let, have, make等),动词不定式不带to。
5.定语定语(Attribute)起修饰限定名词或代词的作用,单词用作定语时,一般置于所修饰的名词之前;短语和从句用作定语时,一般置于所修饰的名词之后。
可分为前置定语和后置定语。
可用作定语的有名词、形容词、代词、数词、动名词、分词、不定式、介词短语、从句等。
His father is a doctor.他父亲是一名医生。
Mr. Green has two sons.格林先生有两个儿子。
The girl under the tree is Kate.在树底下的那个女孩是凯特。
The man downstairs couldn't sleep well.楼下的那个人不能睡好觉。
That's the way to do it.那正是做此事的方法。
6.状语状语(Adverbial)是用来修饰动词、形容词、副词以及全句的句子成分。
根据其作用可分为时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、方式、程度和伴随状语等。
如:I often get up at 5:30 in the morning.我常常在早上5:30起床。
Pandas only live in China.熊猫仅生活在中国。
You should put the book where it was.你应该把这本书放回原来的地方。
We'llgo to the beach for a picnic this Sunday.这个星期天我们将去沙滩野炊。
It rained heavily, causing severe flooding.大雨滂沱,造成洪水泛滥。
7.同位语当两个指同一事物的句子成分放在同等位置,其中一个句子成分用来说明和解释另一个句子成分时,前者就叫做后者的同位语(Appositive)。
同位语一般紧跟在其所说明的名词之后。
可以用作同位语的有名词、代词、数词、不定式、分词、介词短语和句子等。
His brother John is a famous musician.他的哥哥约翰是一个有名的音乐家。
Are you three all right? 你们三个好了吗?Their plan, going abroad, did not come true.他们出国的计划没有实現。
We heard the news that our team had won.我们听到消息说我们队赢了。
Your last question, “Why didn't he speak to us?”can best be answered by you .你的最后一个问题--他为什么不和我们说话?--最好由你来回答。