中考阅读专题：主旨大意题
中考阅读理解主旨大意题
在处理文章标题的选择时，要避免下列三种错误：①概括不够(多表现为部分代整体，从而导致范围太小);②过度概括(多表现为人为扩大范围);③以事实或细节代替抽象具体的大意。
1.2012朝阳期末Why play games? Because they are fun, and we can learn even more while playing. Following the rules, planning your next move, acting as a team member —these are all “game” ideas that you will come across all through your life. They can help you in different ways.Think about some of the games you played as a young child, such as rope-jumping and hide-and-seek. Such games are very interesting. But perhaps more importantly, they translate part of life into exciting games that teach children some of the basic rules they will be expected to follow the rest of their lives, such as taking turns and cooperating (合作).Many children’s games have a practical side. Children around the world play games that prepare them for work they will do as grown-ups. For example, some Saudi Arabian children play a game called bones, which improves the hand-eye coordination (协调) needed in fishing.The most famous games of all, the Olympic Games, bring athletes from around the world together to take part in friendly competitions. People who watch the event (比赛项目) know that a gold medal is a win for the whole country, not just the athlete who got it. For countries experiencing natural disasters (灾害) or wars, an Olympic win can mean so much.Sports games are also an event that unites (团结) people. Football is the most popular sport in the world. People all over the world play it —some for fun and some for a living. Nicolette Iribarne, a Californian football player, has discovered a way to spread hope through football. He created a foundation (基金会) to provide poor children with not only soccer balls but also a bright future.Next time you play your favorite game or sport, think about why you enjoy it, what skills are needed, and whether these skills will help you in other parts of your life.55．What’s the main idea of the passage?A. Games can help people in different ways.B. People are advised to play games for fun.C. An Olympic win means a lot to every country.D. Sports can get people all over the world together.2.2012朝阳期末Ask someone what they have done to help the environment recently and they will almost mention recycling, which is the process (过程) of treating used things, such as paper or steel so that they can be used again. Recycling in the home is very important of course. However, being forced to recycle often means we already have more things than we need. We are now dealing with the results of that over-consumption in the possible greenest way, but it would be far better if we did not bring so many things home in the first place.Here is an example. In the UK, the total of packaging increased by 12% between 1999 and 2005. It now makes up a third of a household’s waste. In many supermarkets, foods are packaged twice with plastic and cardboard.Too much packaging causes serious environmental problems. The UK is running out of different kinds of ways for dealing with this unnecessary waste. If such packaging is burnt, it gives off greenhouse gases which go on to cause the greenhouse effect (效果). Recycling helps, but the process itself uses energy. The best way of avoiding this problem is to stop producing such unnecessary things in the first place. Food waste is another serious problem, too. Too many supermarkets encourage customers (消费者) to buy more than they need. They seldom encourage customers to reuse their plastic bags, for example. However, a few of them are coming round to the idea that this cannot continue.But this is not just about supermarkets. It is about all of us. We have learned to connect packaging with quality (质量). We have learned to think that something unpackaged is of poor quality. Is it true for all the products? I n fact, more and more companies realized the importance of protecting the environment. They try to package what really should be packaged, including products in good quality.As more of us recycle, we are beginning to realize how many unnecessary things are beingcollected. We need to face the waste of our daily life. Although many people have taken action to recycle, we have a high mountain to climb.57. What is the main purpose of the second paragraph?A. To show the facts of over-used packaging.B. To talk about the possible greenest ways.C. To teach people how to do recycling at home.D. To express worries about environmental problems.59. What does the passage mainly talk about?A. Supermarkets should recycle first.B. Packaging causes serious problems.C. Needless things are mostly recycled.D. Recycling should be done in the first place.3.2012西城期末The secret in re-remembering is to allow the full power of your memory to flow freely without “trying” to remember any one specific (特定的) thing.I recently sat down to a relaxed and enjoyable dinner with some friends. At the beginning of the meal, a friend told us that his car had just been broken into and his briefcase (公文包) had been stolen. He was frustrated (懊恼的) because his diary and a number of other items (物品) important to him were in the briefcase. He said he could remember only four items that were in his stolen briefcase, that he knew there were many more, that he had to give a full report to the police within two hours, and that the more he tried to remember the more blocked he became.Several of us at the table who were familiar with Memory Principles (规则) then took him through the following exercise: instead of continuing to allow him to think of what he could not remember, we asked him when he had last had his briefcase open. It turned out that it was at the office just before he left work, at which point he suddenly remembered that he had put two important magazine articles in the briefcase. We then asked him when he had last had the briefcase open before leaving home for work. It turned out to have been the night before, and he remembered having put in two more articles as well as a tape recorder, in preparation for the following morning. Finally we asked him to describe the inner (内部的) design of his briefcase, and as he went through a detailed description, he remembered pens, pencils, letters and a number of other items that he had completely “forgotten” before.Within 20 minutes, he remembered 18 additional items.The secret is to “forget about” whatever you are trying to remember and “relive” all experiences that connect in any way with the item you are trying to remember. This method works at once almost in all cases, and takes the form of a created Mind Map around the “missing” center.This memory method, like the others, improves your memory as well as your creativity, and in addition gives you confidence when you realize that, no matter what you have forgotten, there is still a chance to solve any memory mystery (谜团)!60. What can be the best title for the passage?A. Forgetting — You can never really forgetB. Drawing — The better way to remember thingsC. Re-remembering — Remember what you have forgottenD. Replacing — Forgetting something instead of remembering4.2012 东城期末James Naismith, a physical education teacher in Massachusetts, invented basketball in 1891. Naismith’s boss asked him to invent a game that students could play indoors during bad weather. He wanted to find a game that wasn’t as rough as soccer or football.Naismith tied apple baskets to a railing (铁棍) ten feet above the floor at either end of the gym. The players used a soccer ball.A person sat on a ladder next to each basket at either end of the gym, and threw out the balls that landed in the baskets. To keep t he game from getting too rough, Naismith decided each team would have only five players and that the players could not play the ball with their feet.Two years later, net bags were used instead of baskets. In 1894, Naismith added the backboard behind each net and changed to a larger ball. In 1913, people began using the bottomless nets that are used today.During a basketball game, two teams of five players each throw the ball into two baskets atopposite ends of a court. Players bounce, or dribble the ball to the basket or pass the ball to teammates. A team scores points by getting the ball into their team’s basket. The team with the highest score wins.By the 1900s, basketball was the most popular indoor sport. People in nearly 130 countries play the game. Basketball is especially popular in the United States, China, and Puerto Rico.56. Which of the following can be the best title of the passage?A. The Invention of a Popular GameB. The Rules of the Old BasketballC. What Naismith Found IndoorsD. Why People Loved Sports5.2012 东城期末If you get a chance to check out some railroad tracks, notice the gaps or separations between the rails. (Don’t get run over by a train!) Thermal expansion and contraction is why those gaps are placed there that way, and why expansion joints are placed in long highway bridges. You’ve probably felt expansion joints on old concrete highways. Remember the “thump–thump” sound as you rode over them?60. What is the last paragraph mainly about?A. Why thermal expansion is on the tracks and highways.B. How to check railroad tracks and concrete highways.C. Why railroads and highways are built that way.D. How to remember the “thump–thump” sound.6.2012 房山期末There are about 80,000,000 mines(地雷) under the ground in more than 60 countries. It is difficult and dangerous to clear these mines. About 50 people including many children were killed or hurt each day. In 2003, APOPO, a Dutch research company that trains the animals, came up with the idea of using rats to search for the mines.The animal trainers found that a kind of rats from Africa were clever and had a sharp sense of smell. The rats were about 75 cm long and weighed about 1.35kg, light enough to run across a minefield without setting off the mines.In January 2004, the APOPO started this project. First, the trainers let the 4-week-old baby rats get familiar with humans. A few weeks later, the rats were no longer afraid of people and the things around them. Then they were trained to connect a click sound with food. After the rats had learned that, the trainers then taught them to tell the difference between the smell of mines and other smells. When the rats could do it, the click was sounded and they were given a bit of banana. The method was called clicker training. “The training isn’t easy,” said trainer Abdullah Mchomvu. “You have to be patient. Sometimes I get angry, but then again, I tell myself these are animals”.After nine months’ training, the rats were taken to a minefield. They ran across the minefield, stopped, sat and searched the ground to tell the domineers(排雷员) that they smelt out a mine. Then the mine was cleared. It had taken two domineers a day to clear a 200㎡minefield, but with the help of two rats they could finish it in two hours.The rats and the domineers saved thousands of lives, “The rats did this job much better than we expected. So far they have helped to make almost 2,000,000㎡of land safe. “T hey are heroes”. Said Bart Weetjens, the head of the APOPO.56. What does the passage mainly tell us about?A. Mines are all over the world and very dangerousB. Rats are very clever and useful.C. It is very difficult for people to find out the minesD. People can train the rats to help them clear mines7.2012密云期末The teacher stood before his class of 30 students and was going to hand out the final exam papers．“I know how hard you have all worked to get ready for this test．” he said．“And because I know you are all able to understand these questions．I am ready to offer a B to anyone who would prefer not to take the test．’’A number of students jumped up to thank the teacher and left the classroom．The teacher looked at the rest students and said．“Does anyone else want to get a B? This is your last chance．”Two more students decided to go．Seven students stayed．The teacher then handed out the papers．There were only three sentences on the paper：Congratulations! You have received an A in this class．Keep believing in yourself．I never had a teacher who gave a test like that，but I think that it is a test that any teacher could and should give．Students who do not have confidence in what they have learned are B students at most．The same is true for students in real life．The A students are those who believe in what they are doing because they have learned from both successes and failures．They have learned life’s lessons．whether from school education or from events in their lives，and have become better people．Scientists say that by the age of eight，80% of what we believe about ourselves has already been formed．You are a big kid now and you realize that you have some limits(局限)．However，there is nothing you can’t do or learn to be．Sir Edmund Hillary, the first person to reach the top of Mount Qomolangma (珠穆朗玛峰)said，“We do not conquer the mountain,but ourselves.”57．What does the writer want to tell us in the passage?A．To know what our limits are． B. To learn to believe in ourselves．C．To receive school education．D．To1earn from B students．8.2012密云期末For hundreds Of years, scientists have been trying to answer what things have an effect on people’s emotions (情感). How you feel is controlled by many things. Your emotions can be affected by your personality, by the actions of others and by events arou nd you. Perhaps you don’t know your emotions can be influenced by the weather as well.People often say they feel good when the sun is shining and sad when it is cloudy. In fact, sunlight makes us feel good. When sunlight hits our skins, our bodies produce a vitamin. Vitamins are natural chemicals (化学物质) which we all need to stay healthy. Sunlight helps our bodies produce vitamin D. Vitamin D helps our bodies make a special chemical. This special chemical affects our brains (大脑) and makes us feel happy. For example, there are long, dark winters of little sunlight in Sweden and Norway, so many people in these countries often feel sad. Without much sunlight, their bodies produce less vitamin D. Without enough vitamin D, their bodies make less of this special chemical which makes them feel good. To help the people in these countries feel better, special “sunrooms” with artificial (人造的) lights have been built. People can go there and get “sunlight” for an hour or two!The weather can also affect people’s emotions in other ways. Hot weather can make people angry because people feel uncomfortable when they are hot. In the same way, rain can make people angry because being wet can be unpleasant. As you can see, the weather can have an effect on the chemicals which control our brains. Through these ways, the weather can influence our emotions. Sadly, while the weather can change us, we can hardly change the weather.60. What may be the best title for this passage?A. Why Do We Feel SadB. The Weather Influences People’s EmotionsC. People Need More Vitamin DD. We Can Hardly Change the Weather9.2011海淀一摸"You don't have to be great to get started, but you have to get started to be great.” I believe it is thought normal in today's society to just let life happen to us. I also believe that we sometimes damage our well-planned thoughts about success because it is easier to just carry on as usual rather than “try” with the possibility of failure in mind.The main reason why most people never get moving is because they have no real idea about what they want. Without a certain result already set in your mind, it is really difficult to get going, and even if you do, your motivation (动力) may soon disappear and you give up before too long.Why not consider what is really important in your life? Write down what excites you, what would truly make you happy and what problems you have. At the end of the week, take a careful look at the notes you have taken. You will soon begin to see a clearer picture of what direction you should be heading.Knowledge is useless without action. You can read every book on any subject but your life will stay the same if you do not use that knowledge. This may seem clear but the reason why the self-help industry is thriving (繁荣的) is because people read and read and read but never use the information provided.Knowledge is fantastic but it is not life changing until used. I love to read personal development material to keep a positive attitude towards my life, but l also realize that if I don't set goals to achieve, then l will always be a talk the talk person who is great at giving advice but useless at realizing it. If you have no plans of practicing what you say, then it may he best to keep your mouth closed.Do yon want to know who you are? Don't ask. Act! Action will explain you. Whatever excuses we have for not living up to our talent, the fact is that time will always move forward. Be whatever yon want to be and whatever you can be. Always remember the only limits we have are the ones we create for ourselves. Life is not what we think, it is what we experience when we act upon the thoughts we entertain.60. What is the best title for the passage?A. See a Clear Picture of Life,B. Get Started to Be Great.C. Set Goals to AchieveD. Act upon Thoughts10.2011东城一模It was a Sunday and the heavy storm had lasted all night. The morning after the storm, though, was beautiful: blue skies, warm air and a calm, inviting sea.My father realized it was a good day for fishing and invited my sister and me to go with him.I was only 14 and fishing had never been my thing, but I decided to go all the same. I’m so glad I did.Being on the boat, we found there was something meters away. When moving nearer, we saw it was a mother whale with her baby. We couldn’t believe it —there aren’t any whales along the coast. The storm must have driven them there, where the sea water was so dirty that nothing could live in it.The little baby whale—actually as big as our boat—was stuck and could not move. The mother went down into the water and came up suddenly, making big waves. “She’s trying to help her baby, but on the wrong side,” my father said. At this point, my father moved our boat to the other side and, heading the boat towards the baby whale, pushed it gently. With our several gentle pushes the baby whale turned over and disappeared under water. Then it swam up right beside its mum. They made great efforts to swim towards the deep sea but failed and started heading in the wrong direction. We hurried up to the whales and tried to lead them to the sea. Slowly, they let us lead them, sometimes rising from the water right beside us to breathe —and to give us a trusting look with those huge eyes. Once they hit their first part of clean water from the sea, the mum gave us a wave with her tail and off they swam into the deep sea.In the excitement it had felt like only a few minutes, but we had been with those wonderful animals for almost an hour and a half. That was the simple and lasting beauty of the day. Today, I still look back to that golden day at sea.57. By telling the story, the writer wants to tell us that .A. saving lives makes people happyB. it’s a good experience to go fishingC. we should live with animals happilyD. keeping sea water clean is important11.2011海淀二模Many people think sports are just for winning and honor, but there is a lot more you can gain from (get out of) them. I have learned over the past years that sometimes when I lose, I get a lot more out of it than winning. Also, I find a lot of times in sports, people are getting too caught up in the game instead of just having fun. The real purpose of sports is to have fun and learn life lessons along the way.I greatly encourage you to be a part of the school sports. Even if you are not the best, you can still have fun. Sports give people a great and healthy way of spending an afternoon, instead of lying around playing video games or even getting into bad things. Sports also give us a sense of achievement. There isn't a better feeling than to have done something fun and productive for my day.I think that we all need sports to give us courage. If we try hard in sports, we usually do well. If we did the same in study, we would all be champions. Another reason why I encourage you to play sperms is that it's just fun. Without sports, our lives would just be boring. So as you may be able to tell, sports are amazing!Our coaches not only teach us to play sports, but show class and good sportsmanship while playing them. It's never fun when you lose to have the competitor rub it in your face. That's why our coaches teach us to show class when we lose; also, when coaches get onto you, don't get down.They only want to see you improve and learn from what they say. When you do badly and they don't shout loudly is when you should start worrying because they are giving up on you.Overall, sports are great! They bring out the best and worst of a lot of us. However, we can't let sports get too serious to where it brings down all the fun. So to have the most fun in sports, you just need try your best and not worry so much about the winning or losing.B60. What is the best title of this passage?A. AM we too caught up?B. To win or to gain?C. Are sports really great?D. For honor or for health?12.2011东城二模As many as one in five US teenagers have some degree of hearing loss(丧失), according to researchers. They say the problem is growing.“Teenagers really don’t pay attention to how much noise they are exposed to(接触),” Josef Shargorodsky of Brigham and Women’s Hospital in Boston told Reuters. “Often people won’t notice it, but even very little hearing loss may influence language development,” said Shargorodsky, one of the researchers.The study compared surveys from the early 1990s and the mid-2000s. Each included a few thousand teenagers. In the first survey, about 15 percent of teenagers had some degree of hearing loss. Some 15 years later, that number had risen by a third, to nearly 20 percent.“This certainly is big news,” said Alison Grimes, an ear doctor. “Hearing loss is very common in old people,” Grimes said, but she added that it was worrying to see it happen in the younger age group.In babies and young children, hearing problems are known to slow language development. The science is less clear for teenagers, but it is easy to imagine how being hard of hearing could influence learning, said Grimes. [来源:]The reasons for the rise are still unclear. When researchers asked teenagers about noise exposure – on the job, at school or from activities, for e xample –the teenagers didn’t report any change. But Shargorod sky said that might not be true. “We kn ow from before that it is difficult to ask this age group about noise exposure – they underestimate it.” Few people would call it noise when they listen to music on their MP3 player, for example. “There is a differenc e between what we think is loud and what is harmful to the ear,” said Grimes.Although it’s not clear that the MP3 players cause teenagers’ hearing loss, Grimes said it was still a good idea to turn down the sound and take short breaks from listening.60．What is the best title for the passage?A. A word short and simpleB. A report by teenagersC. A message loud and clearD. A letter from MP3 users13.2011大兴二模If the rose can be said to be a special flower, then the apple can be said to be a special fruit. It is very important in American culture. American stories speak of Johnny Appleseed, who went throughout America collecting apple seeds and planting apple trees. He had a great love for nature and went through fields and farms adding richness and beauty to the country.One of the first sayings taught to school children is, "An apple a day keeps the doctor away." This short saying encourages children to eat fresh fruit to keep healthy. If someone always says good words to a person, people will call him an "apple polisher". This, however, is not a good name. If someone is very dear to us, we say that he or she is the "apple of our eye".Most people believe that the fruit which Eve gave to Adam was an apple, even though the Bible(圣经) never says so. The apple, therefore, is a deep part of the language and stories of America.An apple is also delicious. Apples can be cooked in many ways, used as a dessert (甜点) , and made into sweet juice.In many parts of the country during the harvest season, a popular activity is to go into an apple garden to pick apples. Washington, D. C. and New York are both famous for their apples.Finally, when it’s time to take a vacation to American cities, one can always visit New York, which is "the biggest apple" of all the American cities.60. The passage is mainly about______.A. stories about the appleB. apples in American cultureC. some famous sayings of the appleD. big cities that is famous for apples1-5AADCA C 6-10DBBDA 11-13BCB。
2025年中考总复习阅读理解之主旨大意答题技巧讲解课件
主旨大意
A. 细节理解题
C. 推理题
the most difficult
B. 猜词题 D.主旨题
Question forms about the main idea
1) 主旨大意题的题干表现形式(主题型) • The main idea of the passage is … • The passage is mainly about … • What is the passage mainly about? • Which of the following statements best
• Molly employs（雇佣）... After years of worrying about her business more than her family, she has decided to make Sally Pamonte new general manager in her company. Molly will still be involved in decisionmaking…, but Sally is going to … so that Molly can spend more time with the kids.
• Molly, on the other hand…“I know that Sally’s going to be a very nice manager.” … To be honest, I wish I had made this decision years ago.”
Passage2 Exercises.
Passage 3 How did you find the main idea?
一般情况下文尾找主题句 或者相关信息，
初三中考英语阅读理解专题主旨大意题解题技巧讲义教案(含练习答案)
学员编号: 年级: 课时数:学员姓名: 辅导科目: 英语学科教师:学员姓名：辅导科目：英语学科教师：授课类型 C 中考冲刺（阅读理解之主旨大意解题技巧）星级★★教学目标掌握选标题和文章内容主旨题答题技巧C 中考冲刺（阅读理解之主旨大意解题技巧）（建议2-5分钟）A Private ConversationLast week I went to the theatre.I had a very good seat.The play was very interesting.I did not enjoy it.A young man and a young woman were sitting behind me.They were talking loudly.I got very angry.I could not hear the actors.I turned round.I looked at the man and the woman angrily.They did not pay any attention.In the end, I could not bear it.I turned round again.'I can't hear a word!' I said angrily.'It's none of your business,' the young man said rudely.'This is a private conversation!'Questions:1.Tell me the title of this short passage?2.Tell me the main idea of this short passageKEYSTitle: A Private ConversationThe main idea: The writer was misunderstood by a young man and a young woman who was talking at cinema批注:本部分导入目的是为了让学生搞清title/main idea之间的区别, 以便于“夺宝奇兵”部分的讲解Title:An identifying name given to a book, play, film, musical composition, or other work/A general or descriptive heading, as of a book chapter.Main idea: the main contents of the passage, a book, play, film, musical composition, or other work（建议20-25分钟）1I、选择最恰当的标题(to choose the best title)想象一下, 你的中文作文如何拟定一个标题？1.概括文章的主要内容（13年崇明）What was school like in ancient times? In Greece, 2,500 years ago, students used to get up at dawn to go to school.Classes began very early and ended when it was dark.Students didn’t rest on the weekends.They had classes seven days a week, so they didn’t have much time for anything else.In Athens, only the sons of rich people went to school, and they started school around the age of seven.After they learned to read and write, they used to study Greek poems and historical works.Music was very important, and physical training was also important.Teachers used to hit students who didn’t pay attention or were lazy.Girls stayed at home with their mothers and learned how to do housework in the home.In ancient Rome, boys and girls from wealthy families received a bilingual (双语) education.They had to study Greek and Latin.Students usually had classes outside, if the weather was good, or in the teacher’s house.Young students sat on the floor.Older students used to sit on benches, higher up.That’s how “high school”got its name. Education was very important to the ancient Aztecs of Mexico.Boys and girls used to attend school, but they were kept in different classes.They learned Aztec history, myths, and rituals, but they memorized (记住) everything because there weren’t any textbooks.The boys received intensive military training, and the girls learned how to manage the home and the family.There were two kinds of schools: one for children of rich families and another for children of ordinary families.79. Which of the following might be the best title for this passage?A) Schools in Ancient Times B) Greek Poems and MusicC) Bilingual Education in Rome D) Schools in Ancient MexicoTell me the main idea of every paragraph:The first paragraph:The second paragraph:The third paragraph:批注: 答案: AThe first paragraph:What was school like in ancient times?The second paragraph: In ancient Rome, boys and girls from wealthy families received a bilingual(双语) education.The third paragraph: Education was very important to the ancient Aztecs of Mexico.本部分虽然有所介绍, 但是所占篇幅比较少。
初中英语阅读理解之主旨大意题
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01 添 加 目 录 文 本
02 主 旨 大 意 题 概 述
主旨大意题的解题 03 技 巧
主旨大意题的常见 04 误 区
主旨大意题的提升 05 方 法
主旨大意题真题解 06 析
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主旨大意题概述
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主旨大意题是初中英语阅读理解中的一种题型主要考察学生对文章整体内容的理解和把握能力。
积累词汇和语法知识提高语言基础 水平
学会分析文章结构把握文章主旨
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掌握阅读技巧提高阅读速度和准确 度
多做练习熟悉题型和解题方法
主旨大意题真题解析
题目：阅读下列短文回答问题。 内容：提供一篇初中英语阅读理解文章 题目要求：回答文章的主旨大意 解析：分析文章结构提炼文章主题总结文章大意并给出正确答案及解析
强化推理判断能力：通过大量阅读提高对文章深层含义的把握和推理分析能力有助于更准确地理解文章主旨。 培养分析问题的能力：在解题过程中要学会分析题目要求和文章结构把握文章重点从而快速准确地找到答案。
积累词汇和语法知识：扎实的词汇和语法基础是理解文章的关键平时要注意积累相关知识点。
练习解题技巧：掌握解题步骤和技巧如先看问题再阅读文章重点阅读文章首尾段和转折句等有助于提高解题效率。
应用文：理解应用文的目的和要求
主旨大意题的提升方法
增加词汇量 掌握语法结构 了解文化背景 练习阅读技巧
记叙文：关注时间、地点、人物和事件理解作者的情感和观点 议论文：抓住论点、论据和结论理解作者的观点和立场 说明文：分析文章结构和层次理解事物的发展过程和特点 散文：体会作者情感和语言风格理解文章主题和意境
2025年中考英语阅读理解中的主旨大意题课件(共24张PPT)
1. What is Paragraph 2 mainly about? A. Causes of being left handed. B. Encouragement to left-handers C. Punishment for using the left hand. D. Changes in opinions on left-handers.
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语段层面
• 段落大意
语篇层面
• 全文中心 • 最佳标题
主旨大意题 解题思路：
理解文章大意 辨识关键词句 分析标题结构 匹配内容与标题 排除干扰信息
主旨大意题 解题思路：
理解文章大意 辨识关键词汇 分析标题结构 匹配内容与标题 排除干扰信息
理清文章结构 关注主题句（首尾段/句等）
理解文章大意 U1
【例 2】 You might be excited by something you did in the day. You might be nervous about what you’re going to do the next day. Maybe you don’t like sleeping alone in your room. Maybe you have frightening dreams. All of these are possible reasons for your sleeping problem.
中考英语阅读理解主旨大意概括准确单选题40题
中考英语阅读理解主旨大意概括准确单选题40题1. What is the main idea of the passage?A. A boy's adventure in the forest.B. A girl's trip to the beach.C. A family's vacation in the mountains.D. An old man's story about his youth.答案：C。
解析：文章主要讲述了一家人在山上度假的经历，包括他们的活动、感受等。
选项A 只提到了男孩在森林的冒险，范围较窄；选项B 是女孩去海滩的旅行，与文章内容不符；选项D 是老人讲述自己年轻时的故事，也不是文章的主旨。
2. What is the passage mainly about?A. A dog's life.B. A cat's adventure.C. A bird's journey.D. A family's pet.答案：D。
解析：文章围绕一个家庭的宠物展开，描述了宠物的生活、与家人的互动等。
选项A 只是狗的生活，片面；选项B 是猫的冒险，与文章无关；选项C 鸟的旅程，也不符合文章内容。
3. What is the main theme of the story?A. Friendship between two girls.B. A boy's love for sports.C. A family's move to a new city.D. An old woman's memories.答案：A。
解析：故事主要讲述了两个女孩之间的友谊，包括她们一起经历的事情等。
选项B 男孩对运动的热爱不是文章重点；选项C 家庭搬到新城市与文章不符；选项D 老妇人的回忆也不对。
4. What is the main purpose of the passage?A. To describe a beautiful garden.B. To tell a funny story.C. To introduce a famous person.D. To explain a scientific concept.答案：B。
初三中考英语阅读理解专题之主旨大意题和细节题讲义教案（含练习答案）
初三中考英语阅读理解专题之主旨⼤意题和细节题讲义教案（含练习答案）学员编号：年级：课时数：学员姓名：辅导科⽬：英语学科教师：授课类型T C 阅读理解之主旨⼤意题和细节题 T 教学⽬标 1、熟悉中考英语阅读理解的主旨⼤意题和细节题考题类型2、能运⽤不同的⽅法应对两⼤考题。
星级★★★授课⽇期及时段教学内容（建议1分钟）中考英语阅读理解常见的考题主要是四⼤类型，主旨⼤意、细节题、推断题、猜测词义。
本专题分为两节，本节进⾏主旨⼤意和细节题的解析。
（建议25分钟）⼀、中考阅读理解⽬标要求表1.能根据上下⽂和构词法推断、理解⽣词的含义； 2.能理解段落中各句⼦之间的逻辑关系； 3.能找出⽂章中的主题，理解故事的情节，预测故事情节的发展和可能的结局； 4.能读懂常见体裁的阅读材料； 5. 能根据不同的阅读⽬的运⽤简单的阅读策略获取信息；C-专题初中英语阅读理解解题技巧专训26.除教材外，课外阅读量应累计达到15万词以上。
⼆、题型技巧精讲1.主旨⼤意题主旨题所提问题主要涉及⽂章的中⼼思想、主要内容、标题、作者的态度、⽬的、⽂章的语⽓等。
我们⾸先要找出⽂章的主题句，通常可以在以下⼏个地⽅找到：(1)位于⼀段开头的段⾸句，演绎型⽂章的主题句通常能在段落的起始部分找到；(2)位于⼀段结尾的段末句，归纳型⽂章的主题句通常能在段落的终结部分找到；(3)若既不在段⾸，也不在段末，我们就应细⼼地在这段的中⼼部分去寻找；(4)有的主题句通过某种表达⽅式或修辞⼿段委婉、含蓄地提出来，这称为暗⽰句。
这种暗⽰句通常难度较⼤，它可能不是⼀句完整的话⽽仅是⼀个词语，也可能是通过⼀些具有感情⾊彩的词语来表达的，还可能是通过字⾥⾏间来表达的。
主旨句的提问形式主要有：(1) The main idea of the passage is…(2) What' s the main idea of the passage?典型例题1Yo u might think that “global warming” means nothing more than a rise in the world’s temperature. But rising sea levels caused by it have resulted in the fist evacuation (撤离) of an island nation－the citizens of Tuvalu will have to leave their homeland.During the 20th century, sea level rose 8-12 inches. As a result, Tuvalu has experienced lowland flooding of salt water which has polluted the country’s drinking water.Paani Laupepa, a Tuvaluan government official, reported to the Earth Policy Institute that the nation suffered an unusually high number of fierce storms in the past ten years. Many scientists connect higher surface water temperatures resulting from global warming to greater and more damaging storms.Laupepa expressed dissatisfaction with the United States for refusing to sign the Kyoto Protocol, an international agreement calling for industrialized nations to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions (导致温室效应的⽓体排放), which are a main cause of global warming. “By refusing to sign the agreement, the US has effectively taken away the freedom of future generations of Tuvaluans to live where their forefathers have lived for thousands of years,” Laupepa told the BBC.Tuvalu has asked Australia and New Zealand to allow the gradual move of its people to both countries.Tuvalu is not the only country that is vulnerable (易受影响的) to rising sea levels. Maumoon Gayoon, president of the Maldives, told the United Nations that global warming has made his country of 311,000 an “endangered nation”.The text is mainly about __________.A.rapid changes in earth’s temperatureB. bad effects of global warmingC. moving of a country to a new placeD. reasons for lowland flooding.【答案】B【讲解】分析⽂章内容，第⼀段说，由温度上升造成的海平⾯上升, 将会导致岛国的⾸先撤离——图⽡卢的⼈们将离开他们的祖国。
中考阅读之细节理解题与主旨大意题教案
中考阅读之细节理解题与主旨大意题教案一、教学目标1. 让学生掌握细节理解题的解题技巧，提高阅读理解能力。
2. 培养学生的主旨大意意识，提升整体把握文章的能力。
3. 通过练习，提高学生在中考阅读题型中的得分率。
二、教学内容1. 细节理解题解题技巧讲解。
2. 主旨大意题解题技巧讲解。
3. 针对性的练习题。
三、教学过程1. 导入：讲解细节理解题的解题技巧，如关注文章、关键词、转折处等。
2. 讲解：详细讲解主旨大意题的解题技巧，如寻找文章的主题句、关注文章的段落结构等。
3. 实践：让学生进行针对性的练习，教师进行点评和指导。
四、教学评价1. 学生能熟练运用细节理解题的解题技巧，正确回答相关问题。
2. 学生能准确判断文章的主旨大意，合理组织答案。
3. 通过练习，学生的阅读理解能力得到提高。
五、教学资源1. 相关阅读材料。
2. 练习题。
3. 教学课件。
六、教学时间1课时七、教学步骤1. 导入：讲解细节理解题的解题技巧。
2. 讲解：讲解主旨大意题的解题技巧。
3. 实践：让学生进行针对性的练习。
4. 点评：教师对学生的练习进行点评和指导。
八、课后作业1. 学生自主完成练习题。
2. 学生总结本节课所学的解题技巧，进行自我评价。
九、教学反思教师在课后要对课堂教学进行反思，看学生是否掌握了细节理解题和主旨大意题的解题技巧，是否达到了预期的教学效果。
十、教学拓展教师可以引导学生进行课外阅读，提高学生的阅读水平，培养学生的阅读兴趣。
十一、教学计划本节课为第一课时，后续课程将针对其他中考阅读题型进行教学。
十二、教学要点1. 细节理解题的解题技巧。
2. 主旨大意题的解题技巧。
3. 针对性的练习。
十三、教学方法1. 讲解法：讲解解题技巧。
2. 实践法：进行针对性练习。
3. 点评法：教师点评和指导。
十四、教学难点1. 学生对细节理解题解题技巧的掌握。
2. 学生对主旨大意题解题技巧的掌握。
十五、教学目标1. 学生能理解并掌握细节理解题的解题技巧。
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中考阅读专题：主旨大意题所谓主旨大意题，就是指那些针对文章的主要内容、主题、标题或写作目的所设置的问题。
这类题主要考查同学们在理解全文的基础上运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑思维方法对文章进行高度概括或总结的能力。
通过研究近两年各地的中考题我们发现，现在的阅读题远非停留在理解词句和看懂内容上。
为了增加阅读理解题的区分度，考查学生的综合理解能力，拉开差距，阅读题中主旨大意题和推断题明显增加。
这里，我们主要来探讨主旨大意题的解题方法。
一、主旨大意题的题干表现形式1. 主要内容型:What is the passage / text / article mainly about? What is the main / general idea of this passage? This passage mainly tells us about / that ______.2. 主题型:What is the topic / subject of the article? Which subject is discussed in the text?3. 最佳标题型:What is the best title for this text / passage / article? Which of the following would be the best title for this passage?4. 写作目的型:The purpose of this article / passage / text is to_______. The author’s main purpose of writing the passage is ______.What is the writer’s purpose of writing this passage? The article has been written to explain _______.二、主旨大意题的解答在做主旨大意题时,不管是哪一种题型,关键的一步是要找出主题句或和主题有关的关键词,从而把握文章的主旨(main idea)。
1. 议论、说明体裁的文章在议论文和说明文中,文章的主题通常出现在首段或末段。
第一段的作用通常是给出作者的观点或引出将要介绍的事物,而末段的作用通常是总结全文、重申论点。
因此,在阅读议论文和说明文时,对于首段和末段一定要仔细阅读,寻找对全文有提纲挈领或概括结论性的语句,因为那通常就是文章的主题所在。
但有时文章中并不存在明确点明主题的句子,这时可以联系每段的中心句来概括、总结,然后得出主题。
因为作者对文章各个段落的安排都是紧紧围绕主题展开的,或者说每段都对主题的展开和深化起到了各自的作用。
因此每个段落也是相对的一个小整体,有着各自的中心,而这个中心通常由段落中的一句话表达出来,即段落的主题句(topic sentence)。
由此,我们可以看出,文章各段的主题句构成了一篇文章的"骨架"。
看清了这个"骨架"的轮廓,弄清了各段与文章主题的关系,不但全文的主旨,即便是隐藏在文字深层的作者的写作目的或意图也会跃然纸上。
每段中的主题句可能出现在段首、段尾或是段中,但以出现在段首的情况居多。
尽管每段主题句的位置不固定,但寻找起来也并不难。
记住主题句是能简洁明了地概括全段的主要内容,具有高度的综合性和概括性的一句话,段内的其他句子都是对主题句的进一步解释、说明、论证或拓展。
例1:Our neighborhood has really changed. When I last visited there, about half of the houses had been torn down (拆除)to make way for a highway. The rest of the buildings were covered with billboards (宣传板)and surrounded by traffic signs and garbage. Now the whole neighborhood has become dirty, noisy and full of cars.【分析】本段第一句话的概括性最强,指出环境发生了巨大变化。
其他几句话分别具体说明都发生了哪些变化,以及现在的样子。
因此,第一句为本段的主题句。
2. 记叙体裁的文章记叙文通常按时间先后或事情发展的顺序来叙述。
寻找这类文章的主题时也要特别留意首段和末段,因为作者有时会在叙述事件之前或之后流露出自己对它的看法和情感,而这正是解题的关键。
还有些情况下,文中没有明确的主题句,即主题隐含在行文之中。
必须根据文章中所提供的事实细节进行全面考虑,综合分析。
这时要注意表示时间和顺序的词语,以把握事情发展的脉络。
还要特别留意那些概括情节和中心的动词,或者反映人物特点的形容词等,这样才能猜测出作者在用词、语气之中流露出的隐含信息。
例2:Every year on my birthday, from the time I turned 12, a white gardenia (栀子花) was delivered to my house. No card ever came with it. Calls to the flower-shop were not helpful at all. After a while I stopped try ing to find out the sender’s name and was just pleased with the beautiful white flower, in soft pink paper.I never stopped imagining (想像) who the giver might be, though. Some of my happiest moments were spent daydreaming about the sender. My mother encouraged these daydreams. She’d ask me if I had been especially kind to someone. Perhaps it was the old man across the street. I’d delivered his mail during the winter. As a girl, though, I had more fun imagining that it might be a boy that I had met.One month before my graduation, my father died. I was so sad that I became completely uninterested in my upcoming graduation dance, and I didn’t care whether I had a new dress or not. My mother, in her own sadness, however, would not let me miss any of those things. She wanted her children to feel loved. In fact, my mother wanted her children to see themselves much like the gardenia: lovely, strong and perfect, with perhaps a bit of mystery (神秘).My mother died ten days after I was married. I was 22. That was the year the gardenias stopped coming.Which of the following would be the best title for the text?A. A Childhood DreamB. A Mother’s LoveC. A Graduation PartyD. A Special Birthday【分析】本文写的是一位母亲在自己女儿成长的过程中以一种独特的方式——每年在女儿生日那天不署名送女儿栀子花来表达对女儿的爱。
本篇文章围绕爱展开,开头写暗送女儿栀子花,并鼓励女儿去想像美好。
当女儿遇到挫折时,母亲鼓励女儿要勇敢地面对困难。
尽管文章中并没有出现主题句,但是以上这些关键信息充分说明了B项"A Mother’s Love"是正确项。
3. 新闻体裁的文章值得一提的是新闻报道类文章在中考阅读中逐渐增多。
一般这类文章都有固定格式:城市名称(或通讯社) ——一句话概括新闻的主要内容,然后是具体的报道。
通常第一句是一个较长的句子,交待出主要事件、发生的时间、地点等。
如果不是非常有必要交待时间和地点的事情,也至少会在第一句中点出要报道的对象和侧重点。
例如:例3:JAKARTA (Xinhua) —The Indonesia Health Ministry said that a three-year-old Indonesian boy died of bird flu (流感) on Wednesday. He became the 108th people who died of this disease in the country. Nyoman Kandun, the leader of the Health Ministry, told Xinhua on telephone that the boy loved to play with birds ...【分析】这则新闻报道了一个3岁的男孩死于禽流感的事情。
首句就交代清楚了事情发生的时间(on Wednesday)、地点(Indonesia)、人物(a 3-year-old boy)以及主要情节(died of bird flu)。
小试牛刀1. Samantha, I can’t eat or sleep when you are gone. I need to hea r your soft voice and see your lovely toothless smile. I miss that special way you eat soup with your fingers. Please come home soon!What is the main idea of this paragraph?A. Samantha, your smile is very lovely.B. Samantha, I want to hear your soft voice.C. Samantha, I miss you very much.D. Samantha, I can’t eat and sleep well.2. Someday we will all have robots that will be our personal servants (仆人). They will look and behave much like real humans. We will be able to talk to these robots and they will be able to answer us. They will be smart, strong, and tire-less workers. Their only life goal will be to make our lives easier.Which sentence expresses the main idea of the paragraph?A. Someday we will all have robots as our personal servants.B. We can talk to these robots and they can answer us.C. Robots will look and behave much like real humans.D. The robots will be smart, strong, and tireless workers.解答主旨大意题的小技巧：1. 快速有重点地浏览(skimming)全文。