秦晋崤之战字词检测
秦晋崤之战知识点整理(含答案)
47、以：因为眚：过错掩：抹杀
（三）解释重要词语
1、管：钥匙
2、潜：秘密
3、国：国都，都城
4、诸：兼词，“之于”
5、劳：疲劳
6、无乃----乎：恐怕„„吧
7、勤：劳而无功
8、悖：叛离
9、与：参加
10、御：抵抗
11、是：这
12、焉：兼词，“于之”，在那里
13、超：跳跃乘：兵车；乘：辆
14、轻：轻狂放肆
15、脱：粗疏，不谨慎
16、乘：代指“四”
你是学生，我也是学生。秦晋崤之战知识点整理
（一）给括号前的字注音
殽（）山蹇（）叔悖（）心与（）师甲胄（）
乘（）韦犒（）师不腆（）遽（）兴原圃（）
果脯（）饩（）牵苑囿（）原轸（）栾（）枝
衰绖（）（）一眚（）堕（）军实唾（）弃
累（）臣衅（）鼓稽（）首阳处父（）骖（）乘
（二）通假字：
（1）其北陵，文王之所辟风雨也辟：通（）
4．吾子淹久于敝邑，唯是脯资饩牵竭矣
译：
5．未报秦施而伐其师，其为死君乎？
译：
6．遂墨以葬文公，晋于是始墨。
译：
7．使归就戮于秦，以逞寡君之志，若何？
译：
8武夫力而拘诸原，妇人暂而免诸国，堕军实而长寇仇，亡无日矣！”
译：
9．寡君之以为戮，死且不朽。若从君惠而免之，三年将拜君赐。
译：
10．且吾不以一眚掩大德。
32、何：何必，辱：屈尊
33、志：心意
34、舍：放掉
35、拘：捉拿，擒获诸：兼词，“之于”，原：原野，战场
36、暂：仓促，刹那之间免：赦免
37、堕：同“隳”，损害，毁坏
38、亡：没有
39、顾：回头
秦晋崤之战【原文+翻译+知识解析】
精心整理秦晋崤之战原文：冬，晋文公卒。
庚辰，将殡(埋葬。
一说停放灵柩)于曲沃（晋国旧都，晋国祖庙所在地，在今山西闻喜）。
出绛（晋国国都，在今山西翼城东南），柩（装有尸体的棺材)有声如牛。
卜偃(掌管晋国卜筮的官员，姓郭，名偃)使大夫拜，曰：“君命大事（指战争。
古时战争和祭祀是大事。
君命大事：国君发布关于大事的命令）将有西师(西方的军队，指秦军)过轶(越过。
轶，超越)我，击之，必大捷焉。
”杞子自郑使（派）告于秦曰：“郑人使我掌其北门之管(钥匙)，若潜师(秘密出兵。
潜：暗中)以来，国（郑国）非所闻也。
师劳力竭，远主（远方郑国的君主）之，勤（劳苦）而无所（所得），道）谁不知？”公辞（辞谢，没有采纳）明，百里奚之子)、西乞(子,称)！吾见师之出（出征）矣！蹇叔之子与（参加）夏后(君主，帝王尔骨焉（兼词，于之，到那里）秦师遂东（向东进）。
中驾车）者三百乘。
王孙满（周襄尚幼，观之，言于王曰：“秦师轻（轻狂）而无礼，必败。
轻则寡谋，无礼则脱（脱略，粗心大意，纪律松弛）。
入险（险境）而脱，又不能谋，能无败乎？”于周，遇之，以乘韦先（用四张熟牛皮作为先行的礼物。
词“四”用。
韦，经过加工的熟牛皮。
先，指先行的礼物），牛十二，犒师，曰：“寡君（谦词，我国国君）闻吾子（您）将步师（行军）出（经过）于敝邑(敝国)，敢（敬辞，冒昧地）犒从者（跟从的人）。
不腆（富裕）敝邑，为(如果；假如)从者之淹（久留），居（留居，住）则具（供给）一日之积（食粮），行则备一夕之卫(保卫，指保卫工作)。
”且（并且）使(名词，使者)遽（送信的快车；驿车）告于郑(此句说：商人弦高使人用送信的快车到郑国报信)。
郑穆公使(使者)视（察看）客馆(宾馆)，则束载（束，捆束。
束载，捆束行装，收拾兵车）、厉（同“砺”，磨刀石，引申为磨砺）兵、秣（喂养）马矣。
使皇武子(郑大夫)辞（辞谢。
指辞谢为保卫郑国而驻守在郑国的秦国大夫等人，要他们离开）焉，曰：“吾子淹久于敝邑，唯是脯（干肉）、资（同“粢”，粮食；干粮）、饩（xi,鲜肉；一说干肉。
荆轲刺秦王(4-9)字词检测
1、秦王必喜而善见臣 2、右手揕其胸 3、燕国见陵之耻除矣 4、既已 5、人不敢与忤视 6、顷之未发 7、仆所以留者 8、请辞决矣 9、士皆瞋目 10、终已不顾
二、解释下面加红的虚词
1、而①臣左手把其袖，而右手揕其胸
②伏尸而哭
③今日往而不反者，竖子也
④又前而为歌曰
2、之①愿得将军之首以献秦
1、偏袒
2、慷慨
六、解释下列固定结构
1、然则 2、所以 3、于是
七、指出下面句式的特点
1、而燕国见陵之耻除矣
2、取之百金
3、以试人
Байду номын сангаас
4、人不敢与忤视
5、欲与俱 6、今日往而不反者，竖子也 7、太子及宾客知其事者
②太子闻之，驰往
3、为 ①乃为装遣荆轲 ②乃令秦武阳为副 ③而为留待 4、以 ①使工以药淬之 ②皆白衣冠以送之
三、找出通假字并加以解释
1、日以尽矣 2、今日往而不反者
四、指出加红字的活用现象 并加以解释
1、函封之 2、太子迟之 3、既祖 4、皆白衣冠以送之 5、又前而为歌曰
五、解释下面古今异义词
《秦晋肴之战》文言字词检测答案
在
取独
回来
之曰：“尔何知！中寿，尔墓之木□拱 矣！”蹇叔之子□与 师，哭而送之曰：
合抱
参加
“晋人□御 师必于殽。殽有二□陵 焉：其南陵，夏后皋之墓也；其北陵，文王
抵抗
陵墓
之所□辟 风雨也。必死□是 间，余收尔骨焉。”秦师遂□东 。
同“避”，躲避 这
到那里
向东进发
三十三年春，秦师过周北门，左右免胄而下，□超 乘者三百乘。王孙
头盔 一跃而上
满尚幼，观之，言于王曰：“秦师□轻 而无礼，必败。轻则寡谋，无礼则
对
轻狂放肆
□脱 。入□险 而脱，又不能谋，能无败乎？”及滑，郑商人弦高将□市 于周，遇
不谨慎 险境
做生意
之，以□乘 □韦 先牛十二犒师，曰：“寡君 行军 对本国的谦称
者。不□腆 敝邑，为从者之□淹 ，居则□具 一日之积，行则备一夕之卫。”且
如果进攻，无法取胜；如果包围，我们没有后继粮草，也无法持久，我们 还是回去吧！ 2. 秦违蹇叔，而以贪勤民，天奉我也。 秦国违背了蹇叔的意见，因为贪得使老百姓劳累，这是上天给了我们好机会。 3. 未报秦施而伐其师，其为死君乎？” 还没有报答秦国给予的恩惠而去攻打他的军队，这岂不是忘了国君遗命了吗？ 4.何施之为？
秦伯素服□郊 □次 ，□乡 师而哭，曰：“孤违蹇叔，以□辱 二三子，孤之罪
在郊外 等候 同“向”
使…受辱
也。”不□替 孟明，曰：“孤之过也，大夫何罪？且吾不以一□眚 掩大德。”
撤换
小过错
一、文学常识：
本文选自《左传 》，是一部 编年体 史书，相传为鲁国的史官左丘明
所撰，以蹇叔论战为全文的主要纲要，揭示了战争胜负的因果规律。 二、重点句子翻译： 1.攻之不克，围之不继，吾其还也。
秦晋崤之战加点字复习(QinjinXiaoshanWarreviewsomewords)
秦晋崤之战加点字复习（Qinjin Xiaoshan War reviewsome words）秦晋崤之战加点字复习(Qinjin Xiaoshan War review some words)Qin Jin Yao battle"Zuo Zhuan"First, grasp the wordsIn winter, jinwengong died. Geng Chen, the funeral in Quwo; a crimson, bier sound like cattle. Bu Yan doctor to worship, and said: "your life events: there will be a Division I Yi; strike, victory will be."Since the report on Qin Zheng Qi Zi said: "Zheng people give me the palm of their Beimenzhiguan, if the submarine Division since China was also." Visit the Jianshu mu. Jian Shu said: "Lao Shi to attack far not heard. When the teacher is exhausted, far from the master, nothing can be done What the teacher does, what Zheng Bizhi does, what he does without what he has, must be contrary to his heart. And thousands of miles, who do not know?" Public speech. Zhao Mengming, West Kilimanjaro, Bai B, the apprenticeship in the east gate outside. Jian Shu crying, said: "Mencius! I see the teacher out, but not to enter it!" Theminister said, "how can you know?"! Middle life, the wooden arch of the tomb!"Jian Shu's sons and division, crying and feeding said: "Jin Yu division have dishes. I have two Ling Yan: Nanling, Xia Hougao tomb; the king put Beiling, rain. Death must be between."Qin Dong Shisui.In the spring of thirty-three, Qin Shi Zhou north gate, about free helmet and super rider three hundred times. Wang Sunman is still young, the view, said in the king said: "Qin division light and rude, will fail.". Light is small, but rude is off. If you go out of danger, you can't make it, can you fail?"Zheng and slippery, their heads will meet in week, to take the first twelve cattle Wei, Kao teacher, said: "you will smell Wuzi oligodivision for my country, dare to dust from. Not shy of my country, from the flood, with a day in the product line by one guard." And suddenly said to zheng.Minister Zheng Mu as guest house, will beam load, and libing preparation to get ready. The Emperor Wu Zi Yan speech, said: "my son Yan long at our town, is the only information that led up to be preserved. My son will also have the original nursery, Zheng Qin, Judah has also caught my son, the elk, in my country, how?" Ben Qi Feng, sun Qi Zi, Yang Sunben song.Meng Ming said: "Zheng Youbei carries on, can not be Ji also.". Attack can not, surrounded by not follow, I also also." Skid avoidance and return.......Jin Yuan Zhen said: "Qin Weijian uncle, and I was greedy Qinmin, day. In Dibukezong can not lose. If the enemy is evil, he will destroy theQin division!" Luan said: "did not report Qin Shi and cut its division, which is the death of Jun?"" Xian Zhen said: "don't cry but I lose ofQin Wu surname, Qin Shi is rude, what is? I heard, one day vertical enemy, the number of the world also suffer. Seek and descendants, can be described as dead jun!" Then the order to Xing Jiang rong. A couple of bad LiangHong Rong Yu Lai, hemp cloth of mourning, colt is right.The summer of April ", defeated Qin teacher Yao, Bai Li Meng Ming, regarded by the west, white EPDM to qishu. Then the ink to ink was then buried Gong Jin.The win please three handsome, said: "he is the us two Jun, Jun if widowed and eat them, get you where you insult? To go to be killed inthe Qin Dynasty, few Jun Zhi, how?" Xu xu.Xian Zhen Qin Dynasty, asked the prisoner. Said: "please madam, I would say." Xian Zhen said angrily: "in the original Beowulf force, woman and suspense free fall in the real countries, Long Kou Chou, the day are numbered!" Regardless of saliva.The minister was chased by the father, and the other rivers were in the boat. Release left can, to the public life with Meng ming. Meng Ming Li said: "your benefits, not to tired to go to Chen Xingu, killed in the Qin Dynasty, king of the kill that little, remember the kindness until death. If you avoid it, you will be Bai Junci in three years."Qin Bo housedress Jiao Xiang Shi, crying, said: "Gu Jian Shu in twoor three against, insult, sin is lonely." Not for Meng Ming, solitary too, doctor what crime? And I Defects cannot belittle virtues."Two, literature common senseHengyu from "Zuo Zhuan". The junior high school "caogui controversy"."Zuo Zhuan" is the abbreviation of "Zuo Zhuan", formerly known as "TSO". Is China's first narrative detailed annals. "Biography" is annotation and annotation. "Left" means hengyu. Zuoqiu Ming's biographyfor the spring and autumn annals". ("spring and Autumn" as one of the "Five Classics". For the "spring and Autumn" biography book three, "spring three", "Zuo Zhuan", "spring and autumn Gongyangzhuan", "spring and autumn Guliang").Three, content overview:In Jian Shu is the debate program, according to the time order ofthe Qin, Jin, Zheng Sanfang and the contradictions among theorganization confirmed everything in good order and well arranged, analysis of the war the first Jian Shu, the law of causality reveals the outcome of a war: Tanbao frivolous losing.Content structure:In this paper, according to the order of development about thecenter of events Qin East, according to the plot of the story can be divided into the beginning, development, climax and ending, the end part of the five.(Overture: Jin Jin "for the soldier. A new account of the king died, the situation facing the turbulent characteristics, but also ready toQin Shi background).Start planning: Zheng Jian Shu Qin attack, not discouraged.(Jian Shu Jian Shu, Zhijian not cry Division)Development: Qin Crusade failed, but also destroy midway slip. (from full view of the Qin teacher, Qin Shi, Emperor Wu chord once Ziqiao word Zhuke)Climax: the Qin Jin army was ambushed and captured three. (theoriginal debate, Qin Zhen Yao mountain division division was defeated) The outcome: win the enemy, the original anti Zhen word failed.Epilogue: Qin Bo crying teacher admit mistakes.1. Jian Shu Zheng was cited to dissuade, what reason? In the cry he sent the Qin Shishi, put forward the specific those foreseen? The character of Jian Shu how?Jian Shu mu remonstrate. Starting from the objective situation ofQin, Jin and Zheng Sanfang, the reasons are as follows:Qin: "Lao Shi to attack far", "division of labor exhaustion". Theresult is "diligence without everything"".Zheng: what the teacher did, Zheng Bizhi". The result is that the internal loss is lost".Jin, and who travels thousands of miles, does not know who knows?!" The result is the inevitable cause the attention, fear of being attacked.(Jian Shu debate is the full text of the gang. On the three party Jian Shu, the situation is clear, the enemy, the wily).This Jian Shu three words showed him robust stable, visionary, honest, wily character patriotic ideas.2, in the face of Qinmu Gong Jian Shu's life, and what attitude? How can he see his character?Attitude: Visit - Speech - to - to curseCharacter: overweeningly ambitious, self-willed, persist in wilfully and arbitrarily, blinded by lust for money.Why should the 3, Zheng Qin teacher to reward their heads? What role does this play in the development of the plot? The image of chord.He is an ordinary businessman Zheng Guo, a Zheng Guo disguised as messengers to treat the Qin, Qin had learned Zheng Guo suggests that attempts to attack; "and the report on side to Zheng, Zheng Guo sent back immediately report to the enemy, do them.Thought and character: love the country, calm wit, good language.Effect: (1) confirms the Jian Shu paper of "teacher as Zheng Bizhi." Prophecy.(2) Zheng Guo internal unite against the common enemy. That Qinattacks Zheng Guo will not succeed.In 4, Emperor Wu Ziqiao Zhuke words, "smart" where? Try to analyze the characteristics of its diplomatic language.On the surface, it is to ask the other party to use Zheng Guo's goods, but the focus of his speech is to refer to "for my son will do",but also attributed to the "inter city", intended to drive passengers. Overtones: "your beam load, libing, has brought to light the preparation to get ready, plot." This Zhuke warning really played an effect, "Qi Zi Ben Qi, Yang Feng, sun sun Ben song". It is not a bad thing that the words of Emperor Wu Zi are in solemn terms.5, the last paragraph from which perspective to depict the king?What do you think of Qin Bo's image?From the two angles of "speech" and "Xing". The king can self-willed to admit a mistake in front of or failure, learn from failure, it would be a wise king overlord.6. What is the function of the last paragraph in the whole article?Structure: "Qin Boku teacher" and "teacher Jian Shu first cry echoed to the issue as a whole.Content: the end of King finally repent, realize the judgment and analysis of Jian Shu is correct, it points out the reason of Qin failure, which reveals the theme of "arrogant enemy, only the enemy will fail, Because)5) you think widowed life (to the preposition, remember the kindness until death)1) and thousands of miles, who do not know? (table adverb, interrogative, do)2) attack can not, the circumference does not follow, I also also. (adverb, imperative, discussion mood, or)?3) is it death? (table adverb, interrogative, do)4) I see the teacher out, but not the entrance. (pronouns, for the army)5) my son takes his milu deer (pronoun, where)be1) to be modest and modest (just as conjunctions)2) the Qin Dynasty was rude, and what was the application of it? (yes, adverbs, strengthen judgment)3) the minister was chased by his father, and the other rivers were in the boat. (originally already adverbs)(three) flexible use of parts of speech:1. Nouns act as verbs:(01) since the division, the soldiers have been sent out(02): Shisui east east of Qin(03) about free and walk: helmet(04) Zheng City in their heads will do business week:(05) while the beam load, and will feed the libing preparation to get ready.(06) the introduction: Black hemp cloth of mourning.(07) was buried in ink to wear black clothes: Wen(08) Jin began to ink: ditto(09) Xian Zhen Qin Dynasty, asked to prisoners:(10) Qinbo Jiao: in white mourning(11) the original Beowulf force arrested to:2. Nouns as adverbials:Qin Bo Jiao: on the outskirts of mourning3. Adjectives as nouns:(1) n to attack far distant countries:(2) the risk off: hard place4. Verbs used as nouns:Then the beam loading, loading, libing things do preparation to get ready5, conation:Qin did not mourn for me.. Sad6. Causative use:(1) n to attack far...... tired(2) the greedy Qinmin...... work(3) the other two kings...... Grudges(4) according to the records of the oligo jun...... Satisfied(5) Gu Jian Shu to shame against, two or three sons...... Be insulted (6) with Inter City: through "leisure", rest, rest (four), tongjiazi:(1) the king put Beiling, rain: "avoid" escape(2) take the "leisure", rest, make... Rest(3) if you have few and eat them: "eat", to meet the(4) in the fall and Long Kou Chou: "destroy" devastating(5) Jun Hui, Chen Xingu: tired not to "bond", the rope tied(6) crying in the countryside"(five) special sentence patterns:1, object prepositional sentence: how can you know?!2, rear attributive clause: Twelve cattle Kao teacher3. Preposition structure postposition:(1) to make in the eastern gate(2) will be on their heads Zheng Zhou(3) my son has been submerged in our city for a long time(4) defeated Qin teacher Yao(5) to go to Qin。
《秦晋肴之战》文言知识点
《秦晋殽之战》文言知识点一、通假字1.其北陵，文王之所辟风雨也辟通“避”，躲避2.寡君若得而食之，不厌厌通“”，满足3.堕军实而长寇仇堕通“隳”，毁坏4.君之惠，不以累臣衅鼓累“缧”，捆犯人的绳索5.则束载、厉兵、秣马矣厉通“砺”，磨砺二、古今异义君命大事古义：战争今义:重大的事情三、一词多义①超乘者三百乘(sheng) 名词，兵车乘②超乘(sheng)者三百乘量词，辆③以乘(sheng)韦先，牛十二犒数词，四④因利乘(cheng)便动词，趁着⑤公与之乘（cheng），战于长勺动词，乘车①秦师过周北门/宫车过也动词，经过②孤之过也/则知明而行无过也名词，过错过③人谁无过，过而能改，善莫大焉动词，犯错④以其境过清，不可就居（《小石潭记》）副词，过分⑤《过秦论》动词，指责，责备①击之，必大捷焉句末语气助词，表陈述语气，不译焉②余收尔骨焉/ 兼词，相当于“于此”，从(在)那/这里③且焉置土石兼词，相当于“于何”，在哪里④君何辱讨焉代词，相当于“之”，译为“他们”⑤杀鸡焉用牛刀疑问代词，“怎么，哪里”⑥少焉，月出于东山之上语气助词，句中表停顿，不译⑦盘盘焉，囷囷焉助词，用于形容词/副词之后，译为“...的样子”①且行千里，其谁不知？语气副词，表反问（反诘），难道②攻之不克，围之不继，吾其还也语气副词，表商量，还是其③其皆出于此乎？语气副词，表推测，大概/恐怕④吾子取其麋鹿指示代词，那/那里⑤其一犬坐于前指示代词，其中的⑥吾见师之出而不见其入也第三人称代词，作主语，他们⑦今其智乃反不能及第三人称代词，作定语，他们的四、词类活用1.名词作动词(1)若潜师以来师：发兵(2)秦师遂东东：向东进军(3)左右免胃而下下：下车(4)郑商人弦高将市于周市：做买卖(5)则束载、厉兵、秣马矣厉：磨砺秣：喂(6)子墨衰绖墨:染黑(7)遂墨以葬文公墨：穿黑色丧服(8)晋于是始墨墨：穿黑色丧服(9)秦伯素服郊次素服：穿素服(10)武夫力而拘诸原力：花力气2.名词作状语秦伯素服郊次郊：在郊外3.形容词作名词(1)劳师以袭远远：远方的国家(2)人险而脱险：险境4.动词用作名词(1)则束载、历兵、马矣载：装载之物(2)行则备一夕之卫卫：保卫工作(3)围之不继继：接续的部队(4)奉不可失奉：奉送的机会(5)未报秦施而伐其师施：施舍的恩惠(6)三年将拜君赐赐：恩赐(7)寡君之以为戮戮：杀戮的对象5.使动用法(1)劳师以袭远劳：使......劳累(2)而以贪勤民勤：使......劳苦(3)以闲敝邑闲：使......安闲(3)孤违蹇叔，以辱二三子辱：使......受辱6.为动用法(1)蹇叔哭之哭：为......哭(2)秦人不哀吾丧而伐我同姓哀：为......哀悼五、文言句式1.宾语前置句(1)尔何知(“何”作宾语前置)(2)何施之为(“何”作宾语前置)2.状语后置句(1)使出师于东门之外(“于东门之外”作状语后(2)郑商人弦高将市于周(“于周”作状语后置)(3)吾子淹久于敝邑(“于敵邑”作状语后置)(4)败秦师于殽(“于殺”作状语后置)(5)使归就戮于秦(“于秦”作状语后置)六、重点句子翻译1.师劳力竭，远主备之，无乃不可乎？译文：军队劳累不堪，力量消耗尽了，远方的君主防备着我们。
崤之战练习
《崤之战》练习一．给下列加点的字注音蹇．（）悖．（）甲胄．（）犒．师（）遽．（）脯．（）饩．（）具囿．（）栾．枝（）衰绖（）眚．（）累．臣（）稽．首（）骖．（）二、指出下列句中的通假字并写出本字1．文王之所辟风雨也（） 2.则束载、厉兵、秣马矣（）3．堕军实而长寇仇（） 4. 乡师而哭（）三、解释下列句中的加点字。
1．劳．师以袭远2．秦师遂东．3．入险．而脱4．吾子取其麋鹿，以闲．敝邑5．秦违蹇叔，而以贪勤．民6．晋于是始墨．7．孤违蹇叔，以辱．二三子8．弦高将市．于周9．秦不哀．吾丧而伐吾同姓四、判断下列四句中“其”字的用法不同的一项（）A.且行千里，其谁不知？B.其正色邪？其远而无所至极邪？C.行李之往来，供其发困D.吾其还也五、判断下列句中“以”字的用法，先指出词性，再解释。
1.若潜师以来，国可得也2.以乘韦先，牛十二犒师3.秦违蹇叔，而以贪勤民4.使归就戮于秦，以逞寡君之志5.且吾不以一眚掩大德6.释左骖，以公命赠孟明影响中国历史的战争就在晋国成为中原霸主的过程中，西边的秦国在秦穆公的领导下，国力也日益强盛，只可惜，秦国地处偏壤，其东进窥探中原之路被晋国阻挠，因此秦穆公在位30多年，仍未能达成称霸中原的愿望。
周襄王二十四年(西元前628年)，郑文公、晋文公相继逝世。
就在此时，戍守在郑国的秦国大夫杞子派人禀报秦穆公，他已掌握郑都北门钥匙，假如秦国出兵来袭，他可以作为内应，如此就能拿下郑国。
杞子的主意打动了秦穆公。
然而，秦国若要远袭郑国，从秦都到郑都约一千五百华里，而且中间需经过桃林、殽函等险要地区，是一项非常艰难的军事行动。
因此蹇叔谏道：“我军越千里以袭人，郑必知之，我军劳而力竭，欲攻敌人之有备，实无成功之望。
”秦穆公不听劝阻，执意要越过晋境偷袭郑国。
他以孟明视（名相百里溪之子）、西乞术和白乙丙三人为将，精锐尽出，志在必得。
秦军出兵袭郑的消息被晋国得知。
晋襄公为维护霸业，决心打击秦国，于是派遣卿大夫先轸率军秘密赶至崤山，控制崤山北麓险要路段，并连合姜戎军队，埋伏在隘道两侧，布成一个庞大的陷井以待秦军。
专升本大学语文《秦晋肴之战》练习题及答案
专升本大学语文：《秦晋殽之战》练习题及答案一、单项选择题1.下列对《左传》的叙述不正确的一项是（）A.相传为刘向所撰B.善于描写战争C.取材详略得当D.记事线索分明2.《秦晋殽之战》一文中，哭师止秦袭郑的人物是（）A.杞子B.原轸C.蹇叔D.文嬴3.《秦晋殽之战》中，秦国失败的原因不包括（）A.劳师袭远B.以贪勤民C.轻而无礼D.准备不足4.《秦晋殽之战》中，蹇叔劝阻秦国袭郑的原因不包括（）A.劳师袭远B.师劳力竭，远主备之C.入险而脱，又不能谋D.勤而无所，必有悖心5.成语“厉兵秣马”出自（）A.《左传·秦晋殽之战》B.《国语·召公谏厉王弥谤》C.《史记·李将军列传》D.《战国策·冯谖客孟尝君》6.《秦晋殽之战》选自（）A.《左传》B.《诗经》C.《史记》D.《汉书》二、解释加点词1.将有西师过轶．．我。
2.郑人使我掌其北门之管．。
3.蹇叔之子与．师。
4.文王之所辟．风雨也。
5.轻则寡谋，无礼则脱．。
6.以间．敝邑。
7.秦伯素服郊次，乡．师而哭。
8.且吾不以一眚．掩大德。
三、阅读分析题1.阅读《秦晋殽之战》，回答问题。
晋原轸曰：“秦违蹇叔，而以贪勤民，天奉我也。
奉不可失，敌不可纵。
纵敌患生，违天不祥，必伐秦师。
”栾枝曰：“未报秦施，而伐其师，其为死君乎？”先轸曰：“秦不哀吾丧，而伐吾同姓，秦则无礼，何施之为？吾闻之，一日纵敌，数世之患也。
谋及子孙，可谓死君乎！”遂发命，遽兴姜戎。
子墨衰絰，梁弘御戎，莱驹为右。
（1）秦晋殽之战的根本原因是什么？（2）栾枝说的“秦施”指什么？（3）秦军失败的原因是什么？2.阅读《齐桓公伐楚》，回答问题。
四年春，齐侯以诸侯之师侵蔡。
蔡溃，遂伐楚。
楚子使与师言曰：“君处北海，寡人处南海，唯是风马牛不相及也。
不虞君之涉吾地也，何故？”管仲对曰：“昔召康公命我先君太公曰：‘五侯九伯，女实征之，以夹辅同室。
’赐我先君履：东至于海，西至于河，南至于穆陵，北至于无棣。
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秦晋崤之战
杞子自郑使告于秦曰：“郑人使我掌其北门之管．( )，若潜师以．（）来，
国可得也。
”穆公访诸．（）蹇叔。
蹇叔曰：“劳师以袭远．（），
非所闻也。
师劳力竭，远主备之，无乃
．．（）不可乎？师之所为，郑必知之，勤而无所，必有悖心（怨恨之心）。
且行千里，其（同“岂”难道）谁不知？”公辞焉。
召孟明、西乞、白乙，使出师于东门之外。
蹇叔哭之，曰：“孟子！吾见师之出而不见其入也！”公使谓之曰：“尔何知！中寿，尔墓之木拱矣！（拱：两手合抱）”。
蹇叔之子与．（）师，哭而送之曰：“晋人御师必于崤。
崤有二陵焉：其南陵，夏后皋之墓也；其北陵，文王之所辟．（）风雨也。
必死是间，余收尔骨焉．（）。
”秦师遂东．（）。
及滑，郑商人弦高将市．（）于周，遇之，以乘．（）韦（熟牛皮）
先，牛十二（句式：），犒师，曰：“寡君闻吾子
．．（）将步师出于敝邑，敢．（）犒．（）从者。
不腆（丰厚）敝邑，为从者之淹．（），居则具一日之积，行则备一夕之卫。
”且使遽告于郑。
郑穆公使视客馆，则束载、厉．（）兵、秣．（）马矣。
使皇武子辞焉，曰：“吾子淹久于敝邑，唯是脯、资、饩、牵竭矣。
为吾子之将行也，郑之有原圃，犹秦之有具囿也，吾子取其麋鹿，以间．（）敝邑，若何？”杞子奔齐，逢孙、杨孙奔宋。
孟明曰：“郑有备矣，不可冀也。
攻之不克．（），围之不继，吾其．（）还也。
”灭滑而还。
晋原轸曰：“秦违蹇叔，而以贪勤．（）民，天奉我也。
奉不可失，敌不可纵。
纵敌患生；违天不祥。
必伐秦师！”栾枝曰：“未报秦施．（）而伐其师，其为死君乎？”先轸曰：“秦不哀吾丧而伐吾同姓，秦则（就是）无礼，何施之为？（句式：）吾闻之：‘一日纵敌，数世之患也’。
谋及子孙，可谓死君乎！”败秦师于崤，获百里孟明视、西乞术、白乙丙以归。
文嬴请三帅（），曰：“彼．（）实构．（）吾二君，寡君（对其父秦穆公的谦称）若得而食之，不厌．（），君何辱．（）讨焉？使归就戮（受戮刑）于秦，以逞．（）寡君之志，若何？”公许之。
秦伯素服郊次．（），乡．（）师而哭，曰：“孤违蹇叔，以辱二三子，孤之罪也。
”不替．（）孟明，曰：“孤之过也，大夫何罪？且吾不以一眚．（）掩大德。
”
1。