常用前缀

常用前缀
表示否定、反向意义的前缀negative prefixes and reversal prefixes
前缀 (加在何种词性上) 意义 例词
un- (接v. a. participle) the opposite of; not unfair, unexpected, unassuming, untie unwrap unlock
in-, il-, im-, ir- (接n. a.) the opposite of; not inactive, injustice impractical, illegal, irregular irresistible

non- not nonsmoker, non-nuclear
dis- (接v. a. 抽象n.) the opposite of; not disloyal, dislike disallow
de-(接v. 抽象n.) 相反的动作 defrost，除霜, 解冻decentralize
a- an-元音前(接n. a.) lacking in amoral, 与道德无关的, 超道德的anarchy无政府状态, 混乱

表降格、转贬意义的前缀pejorative prefixes
前缀 (加在何种词性上) 意义 例词
mis- (接v. 抽象n.) wrongly, astray misinform, misleading, misconduct
mal-(接v. a. 抽象n.) badly maltreat, malformed, malpractice
pseudo- (接n. a.) false, imitation pseudo-student假学生

表程度或大小的前缀prefixes of degree or size
前缀 (加在何种词性上) 意义 例词
arch- (接n.) highest, worst arch-criminal罪魁祸首
arch-enemy archbishop
super- (接n. a.) above, more than, better supernatural, superman, supermarket
extra- (接a.) especially extra-strong, extraordinary
out- (接v.) to do faster, longer outrun, outgrow, outlive
sur- (接n.) over and above surtax
sub- (接a.) lower than, less than subhuman, substandard subheading, suburb
over- (接v. a. pp.) too much overeat, overdressed, overconfident, overweight
under- (接v. pp.) too little underdeveloped, under-privileged
hyper- (接a.) extremely hyper-critical
ultra- (接a.) beyond, excessive ultraviolet, ultrafashionable
mini- (接n.) little mini-skirt
maxi- (接n.) large maxi-skirt

表态度的前缀prefixes of orientation and attitude
前缀 (加在何种词性上) 意义 例词
co- (接v. n.) with, joint cooperate, copilot
contra- (接v. 抽象n.) in opposition to contraflow逆流
counter- (接v. 抽象n.) in opposition to counteract, counterrevolution
anti- (接n. a. ad.) against anti-missile, anti-social, anti-clockwise, anti-government

pro- (接n. a.) on the side of pro-communist
表示位置的前缀locative prefixes
前缀 (加在何种词性上) 意义 例词
super- (接n.) over super-structure
sub- (接v. n. a.) beneath, lesser in rank subway, subconscious, sublet
intra- intro-(接v. n. a.) in, into introduce
inter- (接v. n. a.) between, among international, intermarry, inter-city
fore- (接v. n. a.) in front of forehead
tele- (接v. n. a.) far, far away telecommunication
trans- (接v. n. a.) across, from one place to another transport, transplant

表示时间、顺序的前缀prefixes of time and order
前缀 (加在何种词性上) 意义 例词
fore- (接v. 抽象n.) before foretell, foreknowledge
pre- (接n. a.) before pre-war, pre-marital, prepare
post- (接n. a.) after post-war, post-classical
ex- (接n.) former ex-husband
re- (接v. 抽象n.) again, back rebuild, re-evaluate, reconsider

表示能改变词性的前缀
前缀 (加在何种词性上) 意义 例词
be- (接v. n. a.) 构成动词 becalm, bewitch
en- (接n. a.) 构成动词 enslave, enlarge
a- (接v.) 构成形容词，副词 afloat, asleep

表示数字的前缀number prefixes
前缀 (加在何种词性上) 意义 例词
semi- (hemi-) half semicircle, hemisphere
uni- (mono-) one unilateral, uniform, monograph
bi- (di-) two biceps, dioxide, bicycle
tri- three triangle, triple
quadr- (tetra-) four quadruple, tetrameter四音步句
penta- (quinqu-) five quinquagenarian五十岁一辈的人, pentagon
sex- (hexa-) six sexennial持续六年的(每六年一次的), hexameter六步格, 六步格的
诗
sept- seven septangle
oct- eight octagon, octave
nona- nine nonagon, nonagenarian
dec- ten decimal
centi- (hecto-) 100 centigrade摄氏的, 百分度的, hectometer
milli- 1000 millipede百足虫
poly- (multi-) many polygon, multiple

其他前缀miscellaneous prefixes
前缀 (加在何种词性上) 意义 例词
auto- self autobiography, automatic
neo- new, revived neo-Fascism, neo-Darwinism
pan- all, worldwide pan-American, pan-European
proto- first, original prototype
vice- deputy vice-president