TPO30-R2解析
托福TPO30阅读Passage2原文文本+题目+答案解析
为了帮助大家高效备考托福，为大家带来托福TPO30阅读Passage2原文文本+题目+答案解析，希望对大家备考有所帮助。
The Pace of Evolutionary Change A heated debate has enlivened recent studiesof evolution.Darwin's original thesis,and theviewpoint supported by evolutionary gradualists,isthat species change continuously but slowly and insmall increments.Such changes are all but invisible over the short time scale of modernobservations,and,it is argued,they are usually obscured by innumerable gaps in theimperfect fossil record.Gradualism,with its stress on the slow pace of change,is a comfortingposition,repeated over and over again in generations of textbooks.By the early twentiethcentury,the question about the rate of evolution had been answered in favor of gradualism tomost biologists'satisfaction. 最近的一个关于进化的研究引发了激烈的争论。
达尔文的原始论点和进化渐进主义者支持的观点是物种会持续地改变，但非常缓慢，增量也很小。
托福听力TPO30原题答案解析Lecture1psychology
今天，环球托福为大家带来托福听力TPO30原题答案解析Lecture1psychology，承接托福听力TPO30原题答案解析conversation1，环球托福继续分享托福听力好文章。
Lecture1 psychologyMetacognition托福听力TPO30原题What is the lecture mainly about ?A.The difference between cognition and metacognitionB.A study showing that dolphins have less cognitive capacity than monkeysC.The effectiveness of using food as a reward in experiments with monkeysD.Research that investigates whether animals are aware of feeling uncertainty答案：D解析：教授讲了猴子和海豚也许会有metacognition，也就是 feel uncertainty。
通过海豚和猴子的实验证明这个结论，但不是把猴子和海豚拿去对比。
Why does the professor mention the inability of animals to report what they are thinking ?A.To emphasize that language learning is an ability unique to humansB.To explain why researchers must be sensitive to nuances in animals' behaviorC.To point out a difficulty in testing for metacognition in animalsD.To show the need for advancements in the study of animal communication答案：C解析：Researchers have long been interested in whether possess this capability but they couldn’t test it. Because animals are unable to report their feelings.In the dolphin study, how did the researcher make the dolphin's task increasingly difficult ?A.By showing the dolphin two patterns that were similar in densityB.By playing two sounds that became progressively closer in pitchC.By producing sounds that were just within the dolphins' range of hearingD.By introducing a third paddle that ended on trial an began a new one答案：B解析：The closer we came in pitch to the first one, the harder will be for the dolphin to correctly identify as it lower. 这些比较说明是通过逐渐改变pitch来实现难度增加的。
TPO30听力解析section2
TPO30听力Conversation-2What are the speakers mainly discussing?A.The student’s idea about his class assignmentsB.The influence of one painter on anotherC.The student’s recent visit to museum in ConnecticutD.The challenges associated with painting at night答案：A解析：从整个conversation来看，教授和学生在讨论paper的主题，与A对应。
Why is the student unable to write about the painting by Van Gogh?A.It is not on the list of approved paintings that the professor provided.B.It is not available for the student to study in person.C.The student does not have enough background knowledge to write about it.D.Another student has already chosen to write about it.答案：B解析：当学生去museum去看Van Gogh的画作时，画作不在了，所以与B对应。
What does the student say about the painting by Millet?A.It seemed brighter than he expected.B.It is on loan to a distant museum.C.It is his favorite painting.D.It is located near his family’s house.答案：D解析：Millet’s painting is located near my family.对应DAccording to the speakers, what two features do the Van Gogh painting and the Millet painting have in common? (Click on 2 answers)A.They have the same name.B.They exemplify Postimpressionist styleC.They depict a nighttime scene with a lot of lightD.They depict the same star constellation.答案：AC解析：Not just the name......amazing light effects 对应AC。
托福TPO30听力Conversation2文本+题目+答案解析
为了帮助大家高效备考托福，为大家带来托福TPO30听力Conversation2文本+题目+答案解析，希望对大家备考有所帮助。
托福TPO30听力Conversation2文本 Narrator: Listen to a conversation between a student and his art history professor. Professor: How was the museum? Student: Great. I hadn’t been there for a few years. Professor: Did you enjoy the Van Gogh painting? Student: That’s the thing. Looks like I have to change my topic. Professor: Hmm… we are getting close to the deadline. You were writing about the theme of night in the paintings of Vincent Van Gogh. It’s a wonderful topic. Student: I know. People don’t usually think of Van Gogh as an artist of nocturnal themes. They think of brightness, sunshine, all that yellow and orange. Professor: You are right of course about the intense light associated with his daytime paintings. But his night paintings don’t exactly lack brightness. Student: That’s the paradox that I really like, the paradox of painting a nighttime scene using so much color and light. So I was planning to focus mostly on his painting Starry Night. Professor: But? [Student: When I went to the museum to look at the actual painting, like you told me to. It wasn’t there. Professor: Really? Isn’t it part of the permanent collection? Student: Yes. But it’s on loan right now to a museum in Europe. Professor: Ah, I see. Well, I am strict about having students write about paintings they can observe firsthand. Student: Well, I found another painting I could study instead. Professor: OK. Student: I read that there are two paintings called Starry Night.The first one was done by the French realist painter Millet.It may have been the inspiration for Van Gogh’s painting. Millet’s painting is located near my family’s house in Connecticut.And I am going there this weekend and could study it then. I made sure it’s not out on loan. Professor: That definitely would work then. Van Gogh copied many of Millet’s compositions. We know that he really admired Millet’s work. And a lot of us think Van Gogh saw this particular painting by Millet in Paris in the late 1700s. Student: Yeah. Although Millet was a realist painter, and Van Gogh a post-impressionist, the two paintings still share lots of features, not just the name. The most striking shared feature has got to be the amazing light effects. I am excited to go see it. But one other thing … Professor: Uh-huh. Student: I was thinking about getting a head start on my next assignment while I am at the gallery in Connecticut, the assignment on miniatures. They have a lot of miniature portraits of children as part of their permanent collection. Professor: American miniatures? Student: Yeah. So I figured I could also get started on that essay, study a few while I am there. I’d focus on the meaning of the objects that some of the children are holding, some are holding flowers, one child has a rattle, another a toy violin… Professor: That would be fine. Uh, those objects…we call them attributes. The attributes chosen to be included in a particular miniature was often meant to communicate parents’ hopes and dreams for their child. So I think you’ll learn a lot about how people viewed children at the time the miniature paintings were done. 托福TPO30听力Conversation2题目 1.What are the speakers mainly discussing? A. The student's idea about his class assignments. B. The influence of one painter on another. C. The student's recent visit to museum in Connecticut. D. The challenges associated with painting at night.。
TPO30_R1考场思维详尽版解析_南哥
15本文章由南哥整理并提供“非翻译、非以答案为导向的注释” 南哥QQ:372499715 微信: ericomD. The function of play is still debated in the researchliterature primarily because each animal species uses so few of the many available types of play behavior.E. Energy expenditure and security risks are some of the costs to animals of play behavior, but the costs are not so great that they outweigh the long-term benefits of play to the species.F. As experiments and observations have shown, animals that play at some stages of their development obtain neurological, muscular, or social benefits from the play behaviors.1. 最上面一句话读一下，温习一下全文的对象和角度。
如本题：Play appears to be a developmental characteristic of animals with fairly sophisticated nervous systems, mainly birds and mammals. 这句话说的对象是play 是发展出来的特征，有复杂nervous 系统。
所讨论的角度是：资源和竞争之间的关系。
2. 阅读六个选项，看哪三个选项能对应之前做过题的题干和选项部分，对应越多，正确概率越大。
托福TPO30听力L2文本
托福TPO30听力L2文本TPO 30 Lecture 2 PaleontologyNarrator Listen to part of a lecture in a paleontology class. Professor As we’ve discussed, birds are apparently descendants of dinosaurs and shared many commonalities with some dinosaur species, like...um...feathers and maybe even flight and of course egg laid. OK. So, many paleontologists, myself included, have wondered about other similarities between dinosaurs and birds. Since adult dinosaur fossils have sometimes been discovered near or on top of nests, we’ve been looking at the dinosaur parenting behavior. Student Parenting behavior, well, that sounds so gentle and caring. But dinosaurs were ferocious reptiles and reptiles don’t take care of their young, do they? Professor Well, some reptiles incubate their eggs, crocodiles do. And as for popular attitudes towards dinosaurs...well, take the Oviraptor for instance. In the 1920s, a paleontologist discovered the fossil remains of a small dinosaur near a nest containing eggs. He assumed the dinosaur was stealing the eggs, so he named it Oviraptor that means egg thief in Latin, which fueled the generally negative public image of such dinosaurs. But by the 1990s, other experts had convincingly made the case that instead of robbing the nest; the Oviraptor was probably taking care of the eggs. You see, dinosaurs’ closest living relatives – birds and crocodiles – display nesting behavior. And dinosaur fossils have been found in postures that we now believe to indicate brooding behavior, that is, sitting on the eggs until they hatch. So we are curious about the type of care dinosaurs gave to their young. And we’d like to figure out which dinosaur parent, the male or the female gave the care. Student Sho uldn’t the behavior ofcrocodiles and birds give us some clues then?Professor Well, with crocodiles, it is the female who guards the nest, and with birds, it depends on the species, it can be the male or the female that takes care the eggs, or both. In over 90 percent of all bird species, both parents take care of the eggs and the young birds. Student But sometimes it’s just the male? Professor Well, exclusive care by the male parent is much less common, but it does occur. Now, for animals other than birds, the care of young by both parents is pretty unusual in the animal kingdom. Males contribute to parental care in fewer than five percent of all mammalian species. It’s even less frequent among reptiles. And exclusive care by the male is very rare. So researchers have wondered about the evolution of male parenting behavior in birds for quite some time. And now there’s research showing that for some of the birds’ dinosaur relatives, it’s likely that the male parent was also in charge of taking care of the eggs. Student How did they figure that out? Professor Well, first they looked at clutch volume, that’s the number of eggs in the nest of crocodiles, birds and three types of dinosaurs, including Oviraptors that are thought to be closely related to the dinosaur ancestors of birds. So when researchers examined fossilized remains of nests, they found that the dinosaurs had larger clutch volumes, more eggs in the nests that is, than most of the crocodiles and birds that were studied. But, and this is important, their clutch volumes matched those of birds that have only male parental care. You see, bird species in which only the males take care of the nest tend to have the largest clutches of eggs. Student So what’s the connection between bird and dinosaur behavior? Professor Well, researchers nowbelieve, because of this study, that the male parenting behavior of these birds might have its origins in the behavior of dinosaurs.Student Based only on evidence of clutch volume size, the number of eggs? Professor No, there’s more. They also examined the fossilized bones of those three types of dinosaurs that were found on or near nests to determine their sex. You see, adult female birds during egg production produce a layer of spongy bone tissue inside certain long bones. And so did female dinosaurs of the kinds that were investigated. This spongy tissue serves as a source of calcium for eggshell formation. But when the dinosaur fossils were examined, there were no spongy bone deposits. Student Meaning that those dinosaurs on the nests were probably adult males who wouldn’t have needed calcium for making eggshells. Professor Exactly. And then there’s this: birds like the kiwi, the ostrich and the emu; they share certain physical characteristics with these dinosaurs. And interestingly, they also show a consistent pattern of nest care by the male.。
托福高分必读TPO30听力解析之心理学讲座讲义
智 课 网 托 福 备 考 资 料托福高分必读--TPO30听力解析之心理学讲座TPO30心理学讲座大意：科学家一直致力于研究动物的智力，部分由于通过了解动物的认知来推测出人类的心里活动。
而今天要讲的是元认知(metacognition)。
元认知就是个体能意识到自己的心理状态，但科学家一直无法破解此秘密，主要是因为动物不能很好地传达自己的感情。
但最近的一项实验实现了此项壮举：通过用猴子和海豚做实验，科学家检测出动物能感受到不确定性，即能意识到自己对某项事情不知道。
先说“海豚实验”，在实验中研究者让海豚识别音高不同的两次音调，并训练海豚对高或低的音高做出反应----按踏板。
如果答对一道，海豚会得到奖励；但如果答错就需要等下一次尝试。
之后研究者给出了第三个选项----pass键，当海豚不知道答案时可直接按下此按钮。
试验结果发现海豚会在不知道的情况下按下pass键。
但本次试验存在一个问题：海豚经过训练或学习，那么就可以通过pass键来实现再次尝试的目的。
因此第二个试验就此产生，即“猴子试验”。
本次试验让猴子区分不同密度的图案，但与之前不同的是，猴子需连续进行四次尝试且过程中没有任何的奖惩，在每次尝试中，猴子也可以按下pass键来等待下次尝试。
试验结束后猴子会得到相应的奖惩（回答正确给吃的，回答错误用响铃），但猴子不知道奖惩与自己的反应对错有直接关系。
所以本次试验可以更好地测试出动物能够意识到自己所不知道的状态。
因此本次试验在一定意义上是成功的。
笔记结构如图所示：题目解析：1.What is the lecture mainly about?A. The difference between cognition and metacognitionB. A study showing that dolphins have less cognitive capacity than monkeysC. The effectiveness of using food as a reward in experiments with monkeysD. Research that investigates whether animals are aware of feeling uncertainty解析：本题选择D。
托福口语TPO范文解析
托福口语T P O范文解析 The following text is amended on 12 November 2020.托福真题第一套Q1: Talk about a book you have read that was important to you for some reason. Explain why the book was important to you. Give specific details and examples to explain your answer.解题思路一：重要性来自于书的内容TS: General Introduction of the book (Name, author, time you read the book)Give a simple account of the book.Key Word: Important-Interesting: draws you in.-knowledge you have learnt-enlightenment you have gainedConclusion: emphasize the IMPORTANCESample Response:3 months ago, I read a book called The Five People You Meet in Heaven written by Mitch Albom. It recounts the life and death of a simple yet dignified old man, Eddie. After dying in a accident trying to save a little girl in an amusement park, Eddie finds himself in heaven where he encounters five people who have significantly affected his life. The 5 lessons Eddie learnt about brotherhood, sacrifice, forgiveness, love and purpose of life have also enlightened me. That book changed my attitude towards life and death. It taught me to cherish life more than ever.解题思路二：重要性来自于书的意义TS: General Introduction of the book (Name of the book, how/where did you get the book)Give a simple account of the process of getting the book.Key Word: Important-It was a souvenir given by an important person-It was very difficult to get the book . Limited edition)-You got the book from a special event as a reward.Conclusion: emphasize the IMPORTANCESample ResponseOn my book shelf, there is a hard-covered book-Hamlet-that I have been treasured for years. It was given to me as a reward for my progress in Language Arts course by my high school English teacher Mr Cave. In my 10th grade, I developed a special interest in classical literature. I was crazy about Shakespeare’s play despite my weak English foundation/the lack of English proficiency. Over the 2 years, I have studied hard and improved my Language Arts’ grade from a C to an A. Therefore, my Mr Cave gave me this book in my graduation day and told me to keep my interest in classicalliterature. This book is very significant to me because it has become the motivation for my pursuit in English Literature in University.Q2. Some people believe that TV has had a positive influence on society. Others believe it has had a negative influence on the society. Which do you agree with and why. Use details and examples to explain your opinion.解题思路一: Positive InfluenceTS: State your standR1:Positive influence: focus on the main function of TV:-dissemination of information and knowledge-entertainmentR2:Negative influence (just mention)ConclusionSample Response:This is indeed a controversial issue. Form my point of view; TV has far more pros than cons. Firstly, television has long been regarded as a tool to disseminate in formation and knowledge. People watch news on TV to know about what’s happening in the country and the world. Children watch Animal World or National Geography to gain more knowledge. At the same time, TV is also the most prevalent and effective device to entertain the masses. Although there’s no denying that TV sometimes delivers negative information to people, the public or government censorship can ensure the quality of our TV programs today. Therefore, generally speaking, TV has had a positive influence on society.解题思路二: Negative InfluenceTS: State your standR1:Positive influence (just mention)R2:Negative influence-Lack of censorshipbad TV programinfluence social ideology-Make people lazy/unhealthyConclusionSample Response:In my opinion, unfortunately, television has had much more negative influence on society than positive ones. Despite the fact that TV has kept us entertained, there are many negative elements that have infiltrated into our daily life via TV. For example, the modern Cinderella stories have created many money-worshiping young ladies who dream to marry rich guys and enjoy all the luxuries in the world. Uncensored TV programme with violent and sexual content can misguide teenagers who are very susceptible to those detrimental influences. Besides, long time watching TV will negatively affect our eyesight and health. It has become the contributing factor for many illnesses like obesity, especially in the more developed countries.Q3 Intro: Centerville College is planning to purchase a sculpture for its campus. A student wrote a letter to the school newspaper to oppose the plan.The instruction before you read the passage is important since it gives you an overview of what the passage is about.The passageLetter in the Centerville College NewsThe administration has announced plans to acquire a new sculpture for campus. We should all oppose this plan. The university’s poor financial condition led it to increase the price for campus housing and tuition by 15% this year. Surely then it is in no financial position to purchase such an expensive sculpture. Moreover, just look at the sculpture: several 60-foot long steel plates, jutting out of the earth at odd angels! It’s so large. It’ll take up all the green space in front of the campus center! This is public space that should be reserved for student to use.The conversation:M: Did you see Paul’s letter in the paper about the new sculptureW: Yeah, but it was totally unconvincing. His reasons for opposing the plan are just totally off. I’m glad we will finally have some nice art on campus. I’d like to shake the donor’s hand and say ‘thank you’!M: What do you mean ‘the donor’W: You didn’t know An anonymous donor is paying the bill for most of the sculpture.M: Not the universityW: No. His assumptions about who’s paying for, they are all wrong.M: Still, I wonder if he has a point about the space it’ll take up.W: Well, you know why Paul is upset. He and his friends are always there on the lawn right where the sculpture will be, kicking around a soccer ball. They’ll just have to use another part of the campus to play.M: Oh, so he just doesn’t want to have to move.W: Yeah. For him, its sculpture verses convenience.Explain why the woman disagrees with the reasons expressed in the letter. Preparation Steps: 4:6Step 1: Read the letter and take note of the main ideas. Omit redundant details such as numbers and people’s name. (Those may be important in Listening section). Try to form pictures in your mind to help you memorize the content of the letter. . The 2nd reason: imagine一群本来在草地上踢球的学生很无奈的看着一个从天而降的巨大雕塑把他们的草坪占据了…)Step 2: Identify how many reasons and disagreements there are in the letter and conversation.Pay special attention to signaling words/sentences because they give youan idea about how many points you must include. . ‘Moreover’ in the letter.)Step 3: Take notes on paper while listening to the conversation. Fast and clear. Don’t expect to fully spell out all the words you’ve heard. Just use your own spelling so that you can pronounce the word. If you didn’t manage to take down some words that you think are important, don’t try torecall, move on and listen to the rest of the conversation. 千万不要为了捡芝麻而丢了西瓜！Step 4: Organize your thoughts in the 30 seconds to make a mental outlineof how to answer the question. Try to rephrase the words or sentences inthe letter and the conversation.Answering the question:Reason1 in the letter.Disagreement 1 in the conversationSignal words/sentence for transactionReason2 in the letter.Disagreement 2 in the conversationConclusionSample Response:The first reason given by Paul (if you can’t remember the name, you canjust omit this) in the letter against the purchasing of the new sculptureis that he assumes the financial difficulties faced by the university makes the sculpture too costly to buy.However,the woman disagrees because most of the price of the sculpture is paid by a donor. Hence the university will only bear a small sum of money.Besides,Paul also suggests that the huge sculpture will occupy the space in the campus which is supposed to be reserved for students’ activities. The woman dismissed this point because she knows that Paul is just reluctant to find another place to play soccer with his friends if the lawn they used to play on is occupied by the sculpture.Further more, the woman thinks that the sculpture is a nice art that can actually make the campus prettier.Q4:PassageGroup thinkOne process by which groups may make bad or irrational decisions is know as group think. Individual members of a group attempt to conform theiropinions to what they believe to be the group consensus even though the result may be negative. There are many reasons why groupthink happens. These include the desire to be liked, fear of losing a job, or even not wanting to be the one employee delaying a decision that seems inevitable. These kinds of implicit pressures to conform lead group members toultimately make decision that each, by himself or herself, might normally not make.LectureSo, let me tell you about my own experience with this when I was workingfor a computer company a couple of years ago. One day a coworker and I suggested that we should give our computer a design make-over, make them look more up-to-date. Market research was showing that new customers said they would be more interested in buying our computers if they looked cooler. Our technology was advance, but the outside design looked really old-fashioned. At first, more than half of the group supported us. There were a few senior mangers they are though who didn’t support the design change.’One of the senior manager said, ‘Our focus has always been on technology. Changing the look is unnecessary cost.Almost immediately, some of our supporters changed their minds. Even my coworker changed his mind.When I asked him why after the meeting, he told me he didn’t want to make a bad impression on the senior managers. He thought that disagreeing with them might jeopardize his chances of getting a promotion, by not looking like a team player. ‘What about me’ ‘Ehm…I hate to admit it but after a few hours of discussion I started wondering if it worth everybody’s time to argue about this. As more people sided with senior management I started to feel that I was the only one holding-up the vote. Everyone else seems to think change was unnecessary so I voted against my own idea in the end. So we unanimously decided to stay with the current old-looking design, butthis decision ended up costing us a lot of money.That same year, our competitor came out with a new design that attracted some of our customers and prevented us from profiting on potential new customers.Explain group think and its effects using the example of the computer company.PreparationStep 1: Read the passage and take note of the main ideas. Omit elaborations on details such as examples.Step 2: Pay special attention to technical terms and explanations. Ifcan’t quite understand, try to guess first and wait for more illustration in the lecture later on.Step 3: Picture a short skit in your mind when you listen to thelecture/story told by the professor.Step 4: Listen to similarities between the lecture and the passage you’ve read just now, especially the examples given to prove a point. . the answers given by the professor’s coworker when the professor asked him for the reasons for his changing of mind)Step 5: Take notes. Make sure that if you know the professor is going to recount a story, you should have the story recorded in chronological order. Outline of the story must be clear. Pay attention to signaling words.Step 6: Organize your thought in the 30 seconds to make a mental outline of how to answer the question. Try to rephrase the words or sentences in the letter and the conversation.Answering the question:Definition of group thinkExample of the computer companyLink the example to the effect about group thinkSample Response:Group think means that the individuals in a group all agree about something which may not be correct. They are under pressure to conform and makeirrational decisions that they seldom make alone.The professor gives an example of him working in a computer company years ago. At first, his coworker and he suggested a proposal to up-grade the outlook of their product. The supporters changed their minds as soon as they realize that the senior managers did not like the plan.His partner also gave up the original thought because he was afraid that if he insisted, he will leave bad impression on others. Despite the consensus we had reached about the proposal, our ultimate product was a failure. Therefore group think sometimes will results in negative results.Q5. Conversation between 2 studentsM: Hey Marry! How’s your volunteer work going You still involved in the after school programme with the elementary school kidsW: Yeah, but I’ve got a problem. I am supposed to be driving a bunch of them to the zoo tomorrow, and I am supposed to rent a van for the trip, but I waited too long to call the rental agency to reserve one and now it turns out they don’t have any van available for tomorrow. I don’t know what to do. These kids will be really disappointed if their trip gets canceled.M: Hmm…well doesn’t one of your friends on campus have a car I mean couldn’t you borrow it fo r the dayW: Yeah, probably, but I need to borrow 2 cars or there wouldn’t be enough space for all the kids. That’s why I was going to rent the van and then I need to find somebody else to drive too. I can’t drive 2 cars by myself. M: Yeah, that’s true. Well, I’m sure you can probably find a volunteer or if you want to save of the trouble of hunting down the second driver, what about public transportation Check the bus schedule. I guess there’s a bus lane that goes right pass the zoo.W: Yeah, that’s possibility, but I don’t know. It might be a real challenge supervising the kids on the bus. Sometimes they are handful when they get excited. It’s an option though.The speaker discussed 2 possible solutions to the woman’s problem.Briefly summarize the problem. Then state which solution you recommend and explain why.Problem of solution She needs two 2 carsfor all the kids andshe has to findanother driver.It is hard to supervise kids in public transportations.This question involves a difficult choice to make. Most of the times, both solutions seem feasible. You can choose either one you are morecomfortable with elaborating on.Base on the potential problems related to the 2 solutions to thinkabout more pros and cons of each solution.Answering the question:Talk about the problem.Introduce all solutions.Choose one solutionR1 for supporting the solutionR2 for not supporting the other solutionConclusionSample Response:The woman is supposed to drive a group of primary school kids to the zoo tomorrow, but she has called the rental agency too late to rent a van. She does not want to disappoint the kids by canceling the trip.Hence, herfriend has given her two possible solutions: borrowing a car or taking a bus.I prefer the first solution because it shouldn’t be very difficult to find someone who has cars available and can drive for the kids as a volunteer for a one day trip only. Besides, primary school kids are really hard to supervise in public transports, especially when they get excited. Nevertheless, she should still consider taking bus as the last resort lest she fails to find cars and drivers in such a short period of time.Q6. Now listen to a part of a lecture in a psychology class. The professor is discussing the mathematical capabilities of babies.Scientists have learnt some interesting things about the intellectual abilities of babies. They say that there is evidence that babies as youngas 5 months old can do basic arithmetic - that they can add! Scientiststhink that babies know that one plus one equals two and not one. The evidence is indirect because obviously you can’t ask a 5-month-old baby to add up some numbers for you. So they devised an experiment. In this experiment, a baby is shown a doll on a table. Okay, so the baby looks at the doll then the researcher lowers a screen in front of the doll, so nowthe doll hidden behind the screen. But the baby has already seen the dollso known it’s there. Then the researcher takes a second doll and very obviously places it behind the screen with the first one. So now you have 2 dolls behind the screen right Well, No, because what the researchers did was they secretly took away one of the dolls. And then when they raise the screen back up the baby expects to see 2 dolls, but there’s only one there. And guess what The baby surprised, it expected 2 but it only sees one. Howcould the researchers tell that the baby surprised They recorded the baby’s eye movements on camera and we know that when a baby is surprised by something, a loud noise or an unexpected flash of light many be. Its stares at where the noise or light is coming from and that’s what the babies in the experiment did. They stared coz the baby knows if you add one doll and one doll, you should have 2 dolls. So when it sees 1 doll, then it’s stares because it’s surprised.Using the research explained by the professors what the scientists have learnt about the mathematical abilities of babies.Answering the question:State about what the scientists have learnt.Introducing the experimentAccount of the experiment. Pay special attention to transition andsignaling words.ConclusionSample Response:The scientists have learnt that babies as young as 5-month old can do basic arithmetic/simple addition. They have come to this conclusion from researches that explore babies’ mathematical abilities. In one experiment, babies were shown a doll on a table and then the doll is blocked by a screen. After that, they watch the researches put a second doll behind the screen. At that point of time, the babies expect to see 2 dolls once the screen is removed. Therefore, when they only see one doll left on the table after the screen is raised up, they started because they were surprised. This research proves that baby knows that one plus one equals two.。
托福TPO30听力Conversation2文本+题目+答案解析
托福TPO30听力Conversation2文本+题目+答案解析为了帮助大家高效备考托福，为大家带来托福TPO30听力Conversation2文本+题目+答案解析，希望对大家备考有所帮助。
托福TPO30听力Conversation2文本Narrator: Listen to a conversation between a student and his art history professor.Professor: How was the museum?Student: Great. I hadn’t been there for a few years.Professor: Did you enjoy the Van Gogh painting?Student: That’s the thing. Looks like I have to change my topic.Professor: Hmm… we are getting close to the deadline. You were writing about the theme of night in the paintings of Vincent Van Gogh. It’s a wonderful topic.Student: I know. People don’t usually think of Van Gogh as an artist of nocturnal themes. They think of brightness, sunshine, all that yellow and orange.Professor: You are right of course about the intense light associated with his daytime paintings. But his night paintings don’t exactly lack brightness.Student: That’s the paradox that I really like, the paradox of painting a nighttime scene using so much color and light. So I was planning to focus mostly on his painting Starry Night.Professor: But?[Student: When I went to the museum to look at the actual painting, like you told me to. It wasn’t there.Professor: Really? Isn’t it part of the permanent collection?Student: Yes. But it’s on loan right now to a museum in Europe.Professor: Ah, I see. Well, I am strict about having students write about paintings they can observe firsthand.Student: Well, I found another painting I could study instead.Professor: OK.Student: I read that there are two paintings called Starry Night.The first one was done by the French realist painter Millet.It may have been the inspiration for Van Gogh’s painting. Millet’s painting is located near my family’s house in Connecticut.And I am going there this weekend and could study it then. I made sure it’s not out on loan.Professor: That definitely would work then. Van Gogh copied many of Millet’s compositions. We know that he really admired Millet’s work. And a lot of us think Van Gogh saw this particular painting by Millet in Paris in the late 1700s.Student: Yeah. Although Millet was a realist painter, and Van Gogh a post-impressionist, the two paintings still share lots of features, not just the name. The most striking shared feature has got to be the amazing light effects. I am excited to go see it. But one other thing …Professor: Uh-huh.Student: I was thinking about getting a head start on my next assignment while I am at the gallery in Connecticut, the assignment on miniatures. They have a lot of miniature portraits of children as part of their permanent collection.Professor: American miniatures?Student: Yeah. So I figured I could also get started on that essay, study a few while I am there. I’d focus on the meaning of the objects that some of the children are holding, some are holding flowers, one child has a rattle, another a toy violin…Professor: That would be fine. Uh, those objects…we callthem attributes. The attributes chosen to be included in a particular miniature was often meant to communicate pa rents’ hopes and dreams for their child. So I think you’ll learn a lot about how people viewed children at the time the miniature paintings were done.托福TPO30听力Conversation2题目1.What are the speakers mainly discussing?A. The student's idea about his class assignments.B. The influence of one painter on another.C. The student's recent visit to museum in Connecticut.D. The challenges associated with painting at night.。
TPO30听力解析
TPO30听力解析Conversation‐1Why does the student go to speak with the woman"A.To get permission to organize a club event.B.To arrange for a work space for his club.C.To inquire about a photography class.D.To reserve a room for photography e*hibit.答案：B解析：Our preference is to have our own office.对应 arrange work space What is the student's attitude toward the room he is offered"A.He thinks that sharing a room is a good way to find out aboutother clubs. B.He considers a semiprivate room to be acceptable.C.He is concerned that there will not be enough storage space in asemiprivate room.D.He is surprised that there are not enough private rooms for all theclubs.答案：B 解析：学生在听到 semiprivate 的建议之后说 We’ll work with then. 后面又说他更加不想没有办公场所，所以 semiprivate 也是可以承受的。
Why does the woman ask the student for an approval letter"A.All new clubs must submit an approval letter to the studentactivities center.B.She needs it to request funding for the club on his behalf.C.She needs proof that the new club has a faculty advisor.D.The approval letter can serve as verification of the club'sregistration.答案：D解析： Assistant: Do you have the registration approval letter from the mittee" That would give verification I need.Near the end of the conversation, what does the student indicate hewill have to do "A.Retrieve a letter from his dormitory roomB.Reschedule some club eventsC.Ask a mittee to review his registrationD.Pay a registration fee tostart a new club答案：A解析：Student: I don’t have it with me but I’ll get it from my dorm room. 说明他要去拿信回来。
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