考研英语真题及答案解析
2023年考研英语二真题试卷+参考答案及解析【详细版】
2023年全国硕士研究生招生考试（英语二）参考答案及解析Section Ⅰ Use of EnglishHere’s a common scenario that any number of entrepreneurs face today: you’re the CEO of a small business and though you're making a nice 1 , you need to find a way to take it to the next level. what you need to do is 2 growth by establishing a growth team. A growth team is made up of members from different departments within your company, and it harnesses the power of collaboration to focus 3 on finding ways to grow.Let's look at a real-world 4 . Prior to forming a growth team, the software company BitTorrent had 50 employees.Working in the 5 departments of engineering, marketing and product development. This brought them good results until 2012, when their growth plateaued. The 6 was that too many customers were using the basic, free version of their product. And 7 improvements to the premium, paid version, few people were making the upgrade.Things changed, 8 , when an innovative project marketing manager came aboard, 9 a growth team and sparked the kind of 10 perspective they needed. By looking at engineering issues from a marketing point of view, it became clear that the 11 of upgrades wasn't due to a quality issue. Most customers were simply unaware of the premium version and what it offered.Armed with this 12 , the marketing and engineering teams joined forces to raise awareness by prominently 13 the premium version to users of the free version. 14 ,upgrades skyrocketed, and revenue increased by 92 percent.But in order for your growth, team to succeed, it needs to a have a strong leader. It needs someone who can 15 the interdisciplinary team and keep them on course for improvement.This leader will 16 the target area, set clear goals and establish a time frame for the 17 of these goals. This growth leader is also 18 for keeping the team focus on moving forward and steer them clear of distractions. 19 attractive, new ideas can be distracting, the team leader must recognize when these ideas don’t 20 the current goal and need to be put on the back burner.1.A. purchase B. profit C. connection D. bet2.A. define B. predict C. prioritize D. appreciate3.A. exclusively B. temporarily C. potentially D. initially4.A. experiment B. proposal C. debate D. example5.A. identical B. marginal C. provisional D. traditional6.A. rumor B. secret C. myth D. problem7.A. despite B. unlike C. through D. besides8.A. moreover B. however C. therefore D. again9.A. inspected B. created C. expanded D. reformed10.A.cultural B. objective C. fresh D. personal11.A. end B. burden C. lack D. decrease12.A. policy B. suggestion C. purpose D. insight13.A. contributing B. allocating C. promoting D. transferring14.A. As a result B. At any rate C. By the way D. In a sense15.A. unite B. finance C. follow D. choose16.A. share B. identify C. divide D. broaden17.A. announcement B. assessment C. adjustment D. accomplishment18.A. famous B. responsible C. available D. respectable19.A. Before B. Once C. While D. Unless20.A. serve B. limit C. summarize D. alter【1】B. profit 原文提到“小公司的CEO也挣到了大钱”。
2022年考研英语（一）完整版真题及答案解析（2）
2022年考研英语（一）完整版真题及答案解析（2）1. 英语在研究生招生考试中往往是很多理工科考生心中的痛，因为英语这一科考试科目的复习内容是没有上限的，所以考生在复习过程中也经常无从下手，那么接下来小编就为大家带来2022年考研英语（一）完整版真题及答案解析，快来看看吧！Section II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections：Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A， B， C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. （40 points）Text 1People often complain that plastics are too durable. Water bottles，shopping bags，and other trash litter the planet，from Mount Everest to the Mariana Trench， because plastics are everywhere and don＇t break down easily. But some plastic materials change over time. They crack and frizzle. They ＂weep＂out additives. They melt into sludge. All of which creates huge headaches for institutions，such as museums，trying to preserve culturally important objects. The variety of plastic objects at risk is dizzying： early radios， avant-garde sculptures，celluloid animation stills from Disney films，the first artificial heart.Certain artifacts are especially vulnerable because some pioneers in plastic art didn＇t always know how to mix ingredients properly，says Thea van Oosten， a polymer chemist who，until retiring a few years ago，worked for decades at the Cultural Heritage Agency of the Netherlands. ＂It＇s like baking a cake： If you don＇t have exact amounts. itgoes wrong.＂ She says. ＂The object you make is already a time bomb.＂And sometimes， it＇s not the artist＇s fault. In the 1960s，the Italian artist Picro Gilardi began to create hundreds of bright，colorful foam pieces. Those pieces included small beds of roses and other items as well as a few dozen ＂nature carpets＂–large rectangles decorated with foam pumpkins，cabbages，and watermelons. He wanted viewers to walk around on the carpets –which meant they had to be durable.Unfortunately， the polyurethane foam he used is inherently unstable. It＇s especially vulnerable to light damage， and by the mid-1990s，Gilardi＇s pumpkins，roses，and other figures were splitting and crumbling. Museums locked some of them away in the dark. So van Oosten and her colleagues worked to preserve Gilardi＇s sculptures. They infused some with stabilizing and consolidating chemicals. Van Oosten calls those chemicals ＂sunscreens＂because their goal was to prevent further light damage and rebuild worn polymer fibers. She is proud that several sculptures have even gone on display again，albeit sometimes beneath protective cases.Despite success stories like van Oosten＇s， preservation of plastics will likely get harder. Old objects continue to deteriorate. Worse，biodegradable plastics designed to disintegrate，are increasingly common. And more is at stake here than individual objects. Joana Lia Ferreira，an assistant professor of conservation and restoration at the NOVA School of Science and Technology，notes that archaeologists first defined the great material ages of human history-Stone Age， Iron Age， and so on-after examining artifacts in museums. We now live in an age of plastic， she says，＂and what we decide to collect today，what we decide to preserve. …will have a strong impact on how in the future we＇ll be seen.＂21.【题干】According to Paragraph 1， museums are faced with difficulties in_____.【选项】A.maintaining their plastic itemsB.obtaining durable plastic artifactsC.handling outdated plastic exhibitsD.classifying their plastic collections【答案】A22.【题干】Van Oosten believes that certain plastic objects are_____.【选项】A.immune to decayB.improperly shapedC.inherently flawedplex in structure【答案】C23.【题干】Museums stopped exhibiting some of Gilardi＇s artworks to_____.【选项】A.keep them from hurting visitorsB.duplicate them for future displayC.have their ingredients analyzedD.prevent them from further damage【答案】D24.【题干】The author thinks that preservation of plastics is_____.【选项】A.costlyB.unworthyC.unpopularD.challenging【答案】D25.【题干】In Ferreira＇s opinion，preservation of plastic artifacts_____.【选项】A.will inspire future scientific researchB.has profound historical significanceC.will help us separate the material agesD.has an impact on today＇s cultural life【答案】BText 2As the latest crop of students pen their undergraduate applications and weigh up their options，it may be worth considering just how the point， purpose and value of a degree has changed and what Gen Z need to consider as they start the third stage of their educational journey.Millennials were told that if you did well in school， got a decent degree， you would be set up for life. But that promise has been found wanting. As degrees became universal，they became devalued. Education was no longer a secure route of social mobility. T oday， 28 per cent of graduates in the UK are in non-graduate roles； a percentage which is double the average amongst the OECD.This is not to say that there is no point in getting a degree，but， rather stress that a degree is not for everyone， that the switch from classroom to lecture hall is not an inevitable one and that other options are available.Thankfully， there are signs that this is already happening，with Gen Z seeking to learn from their millennial predecessors，even if parents and teachers tend to be still set in the degree mindset. Employers have long seen the advantages of hiring school leavers who often prove themselves to be more committed and loyal employees than graduates. Many too are seeing the advantages of scrapping a degree requirement for certain roles.For those for whom a degree is the desired route， consider that this may well be the first of many. In this age of generalists，it pays to have specific knowledge or skills. Postgraduates now earn 40 per cent more than graduates. When more and more of us have a degree， it makes sense to have two.It is unlikely that Gen Z will be done with education at 18 or 21； they will need to be constantly up-skilling throughout their career to stay agile，relevant and employable. It has been estimated that this generation due to the pressures of technology，the wish for personal fulfilment and desire for diversity will work for 17 different employers over the course of their working life and have five different careers. Education， and not just knowledge gained on campus， will be a core part of Generation Z＇s career trajectory.Older generations often talk about their degree in the present and personal tense：I am a geographer＇or I am a classist. Their sons or daughters would never say such a thing；it＇s as if they already know that their degree won＇t define them in the same way.26.【题干】The author suggests that Generation Z should_____.【选项】A.be careful in choosing a collegeB.be diligent at each educational stageC.reassess the necessity of college educationD.postpone their undergraduate application【答案】C27.【题干】The percentage of UK graduates in non-graduate roles reflect_____.【选项】lennial’s opinions about workB.the shrinking value of a degreeC.public discontent with educationD.the desired route of social mobility【答案】B28.【题干】The author considers it a good sign that_____.【选项】A.Generation Z are seeking to earn a decent degreeB.school leavers are willing to be skilled workersC.employers are taking a realistic attitude to degreeD.parents are changing their minds about education【答案】C29.【题干】It is advised in Paragraph 5 that those with one degree should_____.【选项】A.make an early decision on their careerB.attend on the job training programsC.team up with high-paid postgraduatesD.further their studies in a specific field【答案】D30.【题干】What can be concluded about Generation Z from the last two paragraphs？【选项】A.Lifelong learning will define them.B.They will make qualified educators.C.Depress will no longer appeal them.D.They will have a limited choice of jobs.【答案】AText 3Enlightening， challenging， stimulating， fun. These were some of the words that Nature readers used to describe their experience of art-science collaborations in a series of articles on partnerships between artists and researchers. Nearly 40% of the roughly 350 people who responded to an accompanying poll said，they had collaborated with artists：and almost all said they would consider doing so in future.Such an encouraging results is not surprising. Scientists are increasingly seeking out visual artists to help them communicate their work to new audiences. ＂Artists help scientists reach a broader audience and make emotional connections that enhance learning.＂ One respondent said.One example of how artists and scientists have together rocked the scenes came last month when the Sydney Symphony Orchestra performed a reworked version of Antonio Vivaldi＇s The Four Seasons. They reimagined the 300-year-old score by injecting the latest climate prediction data for each season-provided by Monash University＇s Climate Change Communication Research Hub. The performance was a creative call to action ahead of November＇s United Nations Climate Change Conference in Glasgow， UK.But a genuine partnership must be a two-way street. Fewer artist than scientists responded to the Nature poll， however，several respondents noted that artists do not simply assistscientists with their communication requirements. Nor should their work be considered only as an object of study. The alliances are most valuable when scientists and artists have a shared stake in a project， are able to jointly design it and can critique each other＇s work. Such an approach can both prompt new research as well as result in powerful art. More than half a century ago，the Massachusetts Institute of Technology opened its Center for Advanced Visual Studies （CAVS）to explore the role of technology in culture. The founders deliberately focused their projects around light-hence the ＂visual studies＂ in the name. Light was a something that both artists and scientists had an interest in， and therefore could form the basis of collaboration. As science and technology progressed， and divided into more sub-disciplines， the centre was simultaneously looking to a time when leading researchers could also be artists，writers and poets， and vice versa.Nature＇s poll findings suggest that this trend is as strong as ever， but， to make a collaboration work， both sides need to invest time， and embrace surprise and challenge. The reach of art-science tie-ups needs to go beyond the necessary purpose of research communication， and participants. Artists and scientists alike are immersed in discovery and invention， and challenge and critique are core to both， too.31.【题干】According to paragraph 1，art-science collaborations have_____.【选项】A.caught the attention of criticsB.received favorable responsesC.promoted academic publishingD.sparked heated public disputes【答案】B32.【题干】The reworked version of The Four Seasons is mentioned to show that_____.【选项】A.art can offer audiences easy access to scienceB.science can help with the expression of emotionsC.public participation in science has a promising futureD.art is effective in facilitating scientific innovations【答案】A33.【题干】Some artists seem to worry about in the art-science partnership_____.【选项】A.their role may be underestimatedB.their reputation may be impairedC.their creativity may be inhibitedD.their work may be misguided【答案】A34.【题干】What does the author say about CAVS？ _____.【选项】A.It was headed alternately by artists and scientists.B.It exemplified valuable art-science alliances.C.Its projects aimed at advancing visual studies.D.Its founders sought to raise the status of artists.【答案】B35.【题干】In the last paragraph， the author holds that art-science collaborations_____.【选项】A.are likely to go beyond public expectationsB.will intensify interdisciplinary competitionC.should do more than communicating science.D.are becoming more popular than before【答案】CText 4The personal grievance provisions of New Zealand＇s Employment Relations Act 2000 （ERA）prevent an employer from firing an employee without good cause. Instead. dismissals must be justified. Employers must both show cause and act in a procedurally fair way.Personal grievance procedures were designed to guard the jobs of ordinary workers from ＂unjustified dismissals＂. The premise was that the common law of contract lacked sufficient safeguards for workers against arbitrary conduct by management. Long gone are the days when a boss could simply give an employee contractual notice.But these provisions create difficulties for businesses when applied to highly paid managers and executives. As countless boards and business owners will attest， constraining firms from firing poorly performing. high-earning managers is a handbrake on boosting productivity and overall performance. The difference between C-grade and A-grade managers may very well be the difference between business success or failure. Between preserving the jobs of ordinary workers or losing them. Yet mediocrity is no longer enough to justify a dismissal.Consequently—and paradoxically—laws introduced to protect the jobs of ordinary workers may be placing those jobs at risk.If not placing jobs at risk，to the extent employment protection laws constrain business owners from dismissing under-performing managers， those laws act as a constraint on firm productivity and therefore on workers＇ wages. Indeed， in ＂An International Perspective on New Zealand＇s Productivity Paradox＂（2014）. The Productivity Commission singled out the low quality of managerial capabilities as a cause of the country＇s poor productivity growth record.Nor are highly paid managers themselves immune from the harm caused by the ERA＇s unjustified dismissal procedures. Because employment protection laws make it costlier to fire an employee， employers are more cautious about hiring new staff. This makes it harder for the marginal manager to gain employment. And firms pay staff less because firms carry the burden of the employment arrangement going wrong.Society also suffers from excessive employment protections. Stringent job dismissal regulations adversely affect productivity growth and hamper both prosperity and overall well-being.Across the Tasman Sea， Australia deals with the unjustified dismissal paradox by excluding employees earning above a specified ＂high-income threshold＂from the protection of its unfair dismissal laws. In New Zealand， a 2016 private members＇Bill tried to permit firms and high-income employees to contract out of the unjustified dismissal regime. However，the mechanisms proposed were unwieldy and the Bill was voted down following the change in government later that year.36.【题干】The personal grievance provisions of the ERA are intended to _____.【选项】A.punish dubious corporate practicesB.improve traditional hiring proceduresC.exempt employers from certain dutiesD.protect the rights of ordinary workers【答案】D37.【题干】It can be learned from Paragraph 3 that the provisions may_____ .【选项】A.hinder business developmentB.undermine managers＇ authorityC.affect the public image of the firmsD.worsen labor-management relations【答案】A38.【题干】Which of the following measures would be the Productivity Commission support？【选项】A.Imposing reasonable wage restraints.B.Enforcing employment protection lawsC.Limiting the powers of business owners.D.Dismissing poorly performing managers.【答案】D39.【题干】What might be an effect of ERA＇s unjustified dismissal procedures？ _____【选项】A.Highly paid managers lose their jobs.B.Employees suffer from salary cuts.C.Society sees a rise in overall well-being.D.Employers need to hire new staff.【答案】B40.【题干】It can be inferred that the ＂high-income threshold＂ in Australia _____.【选项】A.has secured managers＇ earningsB.has produced undesired resultsC.is beneficial to business ownersD.is difficult to put into practice【答案】CPart BDirections： The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45，you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent article by choosing from the list A-G and filling them into the numbered boxes. Paragraphs C and F have been correctly placed. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. （10 points）Teri Byrd_____（41）I was a zoo and wildlife park employee for years. Both the wildlife park and zoo claimed to be operating for the benefit of the animals and for conservation purposes. This claim was false. Neither one of them actually participated in any contributions whose bottom line is much more important than the condition of the animals.Animals despise being captives in zoos. No matter how you ＂enhance＂enclosures，they do not allow for freedom， a natural diet or adequate time for transparency with these institutions，and it＇s past time to eliminate zoos from our culture.Karen R. Sime_____（42）As a zoology professor， I agree with Emma Marris that zoo displays can be sad and cruel. But she underestimates the educational value of zoos.The zoology program at my university attracts students for whom zoo visits were the crucial formative experience that led them to major in biological sciences. These are mostly students who had no opportunity as children to travel to wilderness areas，wildlife refuges or national parks. Although good TV shows canhelp stir children＇s interest in conservation，they cannot replace the excitement of a zoo visit as an intense， immersive and interactive experience. Surely there must be some middle ground that balances zoos＇treatment of animals with their educational potential.Greg Newberry_____（43）Emma Marris＇s article is an insult and a disservice to the thousands of passionate who work tirelessly to improve the lives of animals and protect our planet. She uses outdated research and decades-old examples to undermine the noble mission of organization committed to connecting children to a world beyond their own.Zoos are at the forefront of conservation and constantly evolving to improve how they care for animals and protect each species in its natural habitat. Are there tragedies？ Of course. But they are the exception not the norm that Ms. Marris implies. A distressed animal in a zoo will get as good or better treatment than most of us at our local hospital.Dean Gallea_____（44）As a fellow environmentalist animal-protection advocate and longtime vegetarian. I could properly be in the same camp as Emma Marris on the issue of zoos. But I believe that well-run zoos and the heroic animals that suffer their captivity so serve a higher purpose. Were it not for opportunities to observe these beautiful wild creatures close to home many more people would be driven by their fascination to travel to wild areas to seek out disturb and even hunt them down.Zoos are in that sense similar to natural history and archeology museums serving to satisfy our need for contact with these living creatures while leaving the vast majority undisturbedin their natural environments.John Fraser_____（45）Emma Marris selectively describes and misrepresents the findings of our research. Our studies focused on the impact of zoo experiences on how people think about themselves and nature and the data points extracted from our studies.Zoos are tools for thinking. Our research provides strong support for the value of zoos in connecting people with animals and with nature. Zoos provide a critical voice for conservation and environmental protection. They afford an opportunity for people from all backgrounds to encounter a range of animals from drone bees to springbok or salmon to better understand the natural world we live in.41.【题干】41._____.【选项】A.Zoos which spare no effort to take care of animals should not be subjected to unfair criticism.B.To pressure zoos to spend less on their animals would lead to inhumane outcomes for the precious creatures in their care.C.While animals in captivity deserve sympathy， zoos play a significant role in starting young people down the path of related sciences.D.Zoos save people trips to wilderness areas and thus contribute to wildlife conservation.E.For wild animals that cannot be returned to their natural habitats， zoos offer the best altemative.F.Zoos should have been closed down as they prioritize money making over animals＇ wellbeing.G.Marris distorts our findings which actually prove that zoos serve as an indispensable link between man and nature.【答案】F42.【题干】42._____.【选项】A.Zoos which spare no effort to take care of animals should not be subjected to unfair criticism.B.To pressure zoos to spend less on their animals would lead to inhumane outcomes for the precious creatures in their care.C.While animals in captivity deserve sympathy， zoos play a significant role in starting young people down the path of related sciences.D.Zoos save people trips to wilderness areas and thus contribute to wildlife conservation.E.For wild animals that cannot be returned to their natural habitats， zoos offer the best altemative.F.Zoos should have been closed down as they prioritize money making over animals＇ wellbeing.G.Marris distorts our findings which actually prove that zoos serve as an indispensable link between man and nature.【答案】C43.【题干】43._____.【选项】A.Zoos which spare no effort to take care of animals should not be subjected to unfair criticism.B.To pressure zoos to spend less on their animals would lead to inhumane outcomes for the precious creatures in their care.C.While animals in captivity deserve sympathy， zoos play a significant role in starting young people down the path of related sciences.D.Zoos save people trips to wilderness areas and thus contribute to wildlife conservation.E.For wild animals that cannot be returned to their natural habitats， zoos offer the best altemative.F.Zoos should have been closed down as they prioritize money making over animals＇ wellbeing.G.Marris distorts our findings which actually prove that zoos serve as an indispensable link between man and nature.【答案】A44.【题干】44._____.【选项】A.Zoos which spare no effort to take care of animals should not be subjected to unfair criticism.B.To pressure zoos to spend less on their animals would lead to inhumane outcomes for the precious creatures in their care.C.While animals in captivity deserve sympathy， zoos play a significant role in starting young people down the path of related sciences.D.Zoos save people trips to wilderness areas and thus contribute to wildlife conservation.E.For wild animals that cannot be returned to their natural habitats， zoos offer the best altemative.F.Zoos should have been closed down as they prioritize money making over animals＇ wellbeing.G.Marris distorts our findings which actually prove that zoos serve as an indispensable link between man and nature.【答案】D45.【题干】45._____.【选项】A.Zoos which spare no effort to take care of animals should not be subjected to unfair criticism.B.To pressure zoos to spend less on their animals would leadto inhumane outcomes for the precious creatures in their care.C.While animals in captivity deserve sympathy， zoos play a significant role in starting young people down the path of related sciences.D.Zoos save people trips to wilderness areas and thus contribute to wildlife conservation.E.For wild animals that cannot be returned to their natural habitats， zoos offer the best altemative.F.Zoos should have been closed down as they prioritize money making over animals＇ wellbeing.G.Marris distorts our findings which actually prove that zoos serve as an indispensable link between man and nature.【答案】G考研考什么内容考研分为初试和复试，初试主要是笔试，科目有外语、政治、专业课和综合，不同专业的考试科目是不一样的；复试是笔试和面试相结合，其内容包括英语测试、专业课笔试和综合素质面试。
考研英语一阅读真题及答案
考研英语一阅读真题及答案Section II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1France, which prides itself as the global innovator of fashion, has decided its fashion industry has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty for woman. Its lawmakers gave preliminary approval last week to a law that would make it a crime to employ ultra-thin models on runways.The parliament also agreed to ban websites that" incite excessive thinness" by promoting extreme dieting.Such measures have a couple of uplifting motives. They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up with impinging on health. That's a start. And the ban on ultra-thin models seems to go beyond protecting models from starring themselves to health -as some have done. It tells the fashion industry that it move takeresponsibility for the signal it sends women, especially teenage girls, about the social tape -measure they must use to determine their individual worth.The bans, if fully enforced ,would suggest to woman (and many men )that they should not let others be orbiters of their beauty .And perhaps faintly, they hint that people should look to intangible qualities like character and intellect rather than dieting their way to sine zero or wasp-waist physiques .The French measures, however, rely too much on severe punishment to change a culture that still regards beauty as skin-deep-and bone-showing. Under the law, using a fashion model that does not meet agovernment-defined index of body mess could result in a $85,000 fine and six months in prison.The fashion industry knows it has an inherent problem in focusing on material adornment and idealized body types. In Denmark, the United States, and a few other countries, it is trying to set voluntary standard for models and fashion images there rely more on pear pressure for enforcement.In contrast to France's actions, Denmark's fashion industry agreed last month on rules and sanctions regarding age, health, and other characteristics of models .The newly revised Danish FashionEthical charter clearly states, we are aware of and take responsibility for the impact the fashion industry has on body ideals, especially on young people. The charter's main toll of enforcement is to deny access for designers and modeling agencies to Copenhagen. Fashion week, whichis men by the Danish Fashion Institute .But in general it relies on a name-and -shame method of compliance.Relying on ethical persuasion rather than law to address the misuse of body ideals may be the best step. Even better would be to help elevate notions of beauty beyond the material standards of a particular industry.21. According to the first paragraph, what would happen in France?[A] Physical beauty would be redefined[B] New runways would be constructed[C] Websites about dieting would thrive[D] The fashion industry would decline【答案】A【解析】推断题。
2022考研英语一真题及答案解析(完整版)
2022考研英语一真题及答案解析(完整版）一、完形填空1. 题目分析：本题主要考查考生对上下文语境的理解及词汇辨析能力。
文章讲述了人们对于时间的感知及其影响因素。
答案解析：第一空选A，根据下文提到的“我们的时间感知受到注意力的影响”，可知此处应选与“注意力”相关的词汇，故A选项“focus”符合题意。
2. 题目分析：本题要求考生根据上下文逻辑关系选择合适的连词。
答案解析：第二空选B，前后两句为因果关系，故B选项“because”为正确答案。
3. 题目分析：本题考查考生对固定搭配的掌握。
答案解析：第三空选C，"range fromto"为固定搭配，表示“从……到……的范围”，故C选项正确。
二、阅读理解Part APart B分析：本文为议论文，主要讨论了社交媒体对青少年心理健康的影响。
答案解析：第41题选F，根据文章结构可知，F选项“社交媒体对青少年心理健康的影响”为文章主旨。
三、翻译分析：本题要求考生将一段关于中国传统文化与现代科技融合的中文翻译成英文。
四、写作Section A分析：本部分要求考生根据所给图表写一篇短文，图表展示了某高校学生阅读兴趣的变化趋势。
答案解析：The chart illustrates the changes in college students' reading interests over a period of three years. It is evident that there has been a significant shift in their preferences. Initially, fiction was the genre of choice for the majority of students, accounting for 60%. However, over the next two years, the interest in fiction gradually declined to 40%. Conversely, the popularity of nonfiction surged from 30% to 50%, indicating a growing trend among students to engage with more informative and educational content.Section B分析：本部分要求考生根据所给题目和提纲，写一篇论述文。
考研英语一真题完整版答案解析
XX年考研英语一真题完整版答案解析Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)As many people hit middle age, they often start tonotice that their memory and mental clarity are not what they used to be. We suddenly can't remember 1 we put the keys just a moment ago, or an old acquaintance's name, or the name of an old band we used to love. As the brain 2 ,we refer to these ourrences as "senior moments." 3seemingly innocent, this loss of mental focus canpotentially have a(an) 4 impact on our professional, social, and personal 5 .Neuroscientists, experts who study the nervous system, are increasingly showing that there's actually a lot that can be done. It 6 out that the brain needs exercise in much the same way our muscles do, and the right mental 7 can significantly improve our basic cognitive 8 . Thinking is essentially a 9 of making connections in the brain. To a certain extent, our ability to 10 in making the connections that drive intelligence is inherited. 11 , because these connections are made through effort and practice,scientists believe that intelligence can expand andfluctuate 12 mental effort.Now, a new Web-based pany has taken it a step 13 and developed the first "brain training program" designed to actually help people improve and regain their mental 14 .The Web-based program 15 you to systematically improve your memory and attention skills. The program keeps 16 of your progress and provides detailed feedback 17 your performance and improvement. Most importantly, it 18 modifies and enhances the games you play to 19 on the strengths you are developing--much like a(n) 20 exercise routine requires you to increase resistance and vary your muscle use.1.[A]where[B]when[C]that[D]why2.[A]improves[B]fades[C]recovers[D]collapses3.[A]If[B]Unless[C]Once[D]While4.[A]uneven[B]limited[C]damaging[D]obscure5.[A]wellbeing[B]environment[C]relationship[D]outlook6.[A]turns[B]finds[C]points[D]figures7.[A]roundabouts[B]responses[C]workouts[D]associations8.[A]genre[B]functions[C]circumstances[D]criterion9.[A]channel[B]condition[C]sequence[D]process10.[A]persist[B]believe[C]excel[D]feature11.[A]Therefore[B]Moreover[C]Otherwise[D]However12.[A]aording to[B]regardless of[C]apart from[D]instead of13.[A]back[B]further[C]aside[D]around14.[A]sharpness[B]stability[C]framework[D]flexibility15.[A]forces[B]reminds[C]hurries[D]allows16.[A]hold[B]track[C]order[D]pace17.[A] to[B]with[C]for[D]on18.[A]irregularly[B]habitually[C]constantly[D]unusually19.[A]carry[B]put[C]build[D]take20.[A]risky[B]effective[C]idle[D]familiar答案：1-5 ABDCA 6-10 ACBDC 11-15 DABAD 16-20 BDCCB答案解析：1. [标准答案] [A][考点分析] 上下文语义和连词辨析[选项分析] 此题考查连词。
2022年考研《英语(一)》考试真题及答案解析【完整版】
2022 年考研《英语（一）》考试真题及答案解析【完整版】Se c t i on I U se o f En g l i s hDirections: Read the fo I I owing t ex t . Choose the best word ( s) for each numbered b I ank and mark A, B, C or D on the A N SWER S H EET. ( 10 points) T he i dea that pIants have some degree of consciousness first took rootin the early2000s;the term"p l an t neu r ob i o l og y wa s_(1)a r oun d the notion that some aspec t s of plant b eh a v i o r could be—(2)to intel I igence i n an i ma l s. 一（3) p l ant s lack bra i ns, the firing of eIectr icaI s i g na I s i n their stems and I e aves nonethe I e ss t riggered responses t hat _ (4) consciousness, researchers previous I y r e por t ed.But such an i dea i s untrue, according to a new op i n i on art i c I e. PI ant biology is complex and f asc i nat i ng, but i t _ (S) so greatly from that of an i ma Is that so-ca I I ed_(6)of p I ants i nte I I i gence is i nconc I us i ve, the authors wr o t e .Beginning i n 2006, some sc i en t i st s have_ ( 7) t h a t plants possess neur on- I i ke ce 11 s that interact w i t h hormones and neur ot r ans mi t t e r s,—(8)"a p I ant nervous syst e m,—(9)to that in an i ma Is."said I ead study author L i nco I n Ta i z, " The y_--—(1 0) c l a i med thatplants have ' br a i n- I ike command centers at their root t ips.Th i s_ (11) makes sense i f you s i m p l i f y the wo r k i n g s of a c o mp l e x brain,_(12)it to an array of electrical pu l se s;celIs in p l an t s also communicate through eI ectr i caI si gna I s.—(13),the si gna I i ng in a plant is on l y_.-—(1 4) s i mi lar to the firing in a complex animal br ai n, which is more than "a mass of cel Is that commun i c a t e by e l ec t r i c i t y . " Taiz said."Fo r consc i ousness to evolve, a brain w i t h a threshold (15) o f comp I ex i ty and capac i t y i s r equ i r ed,"he—(16)"S i nc e plants don't have nervous syst ems, the ( 17 ) that they have consciousness areeffective I y ze ro. "Andw hat ' s so great about consciousness, anyway? PI ants can't runaway fr om_ (18) . So i nve s t i ng energy in a body system wh i c h_ (19) a threat andcanfeel pa i n would be a ve ry_ (20) e vo l ut i o na ry st rat egy, according to the article.1.【题干】1.【选项】A.c o i nedB.d i s c o ve redC.co I I ectedD.issued【答案】A2. 【题干】2.—一·－【选项】A.attributedB.directedC.c ompa redD.c o nf i ned【答案】C3.【题干】3. _ .【选项】A. un l e s sB.whenC. o nceD.though【答案】D4.【题干】4. _ .【选项】A. c o p e withB.consisted ofC.hinted atD.e xt e nded in【答案】C.5 【题干】.5—一·－【选项】A.suffersB.be nef i t sC.de ve l o psD.d i ff e rs【答案】D6.【题干】6. _ .【选项】A. accept anceB.evidenceC. c u l t i vat i o nD.creation【答案】B7. 【题干】7. _ .【选项】A.doubtedB.de n i e dC.arguedD. requested【答案】C8. . 【题 干】8. _. 【选项】A . adaptingB.formingC. repairingD.testing【答案】B9. 【题干】9. _. 【选项】A. analogousB.essentialC. suitableD. sensitive【答案】A10. 【 题 干】10. _. 【选项】C . st i 11D.even【答案】D11 . 【题 干】11. _.【选项】 ts U j re V e A ．B．A. restrictionB.experimentC. pe r sp ec t i veD.demand【答案】C1 2. 【题干】12. _ .【选项】A. attachingB. reducingC. returningD. e xpos i ng【答案】D1 3. 【题干】13. _ .【选项】A. H owe ve rB. Mo r eo ve rC. ThereforeD.Otherwise【答案】A1 4 .【题干】14. _ .【选项】A.temporarilyB. I iteral lyC. superficiallyD. imaginar i ly【答案】C15. 【题干】15. _ .【选项】A. Ii stB. levelC. labelD. local【答案】B16. 【题干】16. _ .【选项】A.recalledB. agreedC. q ue st i o n edD. added【答案】D1 7. 【题干】17. _ .【选项】A.chancesB. risksC.excusesD. assumptions【答案】A18. 【题干】18. _ .【选项】A.dangerB.failureC. warningD.control【答案】A19 【题干】19【选项】A. representsB. inc I udesC. revealsD. recognizes【答案】D20 . 【题干】20 . —一·－【选项】A.humbleB. poorC.practicalD.easy【答案】BSection II Reading Compr eh en s i o nPart ADirect ions:Read the fo I I owing four texts. Answer the questions be I ow each textby choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER S H EET. (40 points) Text 1Peop I e often comp I a in that p I ast i cs are too durab I e.Water bott I es, shopping bags, and other trash I itter theplanet, from Mount Everest to the Mariana Tr en c h, because p I ast i cs are everywhere and don't break downeas i l y. But some p l as t i c materials change over t i me. They crack and frizzle.They"weep"out additives.They melt into slu dge.AlI of wh i c h creates huge headaches for i nst i t ut i ons, such as museums , trying to preserve culturally i mpo r t an t ob j ec t s. The variety of plastic objects at risk is dizzying: early r ad i os, avant - gar de scu l pt ur es, celluloid animation sti I ls from Disney f i l ms,the first artificial h e a r t.Certain ar t i f act s a r e especially vulnerable because some pioneers in pI ast i c art d i dn' t a I ways know how to mix ingredients proper I y, says Thea van Oo s t en , a p o l yme r c h e m i s t who , unti I retiring a fewyears ago, worked for decades at the Cu I tura I Her i t age Agency of the N et he r I a nds. " I t ' s I i ke baking a cake: I f you don't have exact amo u nt s .i t goes wr on g ." She says. "The ob j ect you make is a I ready a ti me b omb. "And so me t i me s,i t's not the artist's fault.I n the1960s,t he It al i an artist Picro Gilardi began to create hundreds of br i ght , colorful foam pieces. Those pieces i nc Iuded sma I I beds of roses and other i t ems as we11 as a few dozen "nature carpets" - large rec t angl es decorated with foam pumpk i n s, c a bb age s ,and waterme I o ns. H e wanted v i ewers to wa I k around on the carpets - wh i c h meant they had to be dur ab l e.Unfortunate I y, the po I y urethane foam he used i s i nher ent I y unstab I e I t ' s espec i a l l y vulnerable t o I ight damage, and by the mi d- 1 990 s, G i I ard i ' s p u mpk i n s,r o se s ,and other f i gur es were sp I i tt i n g and crumb I i ng M u s e ums locked some of them away in the dark. So van Oosten and her col leagues worked to preserve Gi lardi's sculptur es. T hey infused somewith stab i I i z i ng and conso I i dating chem i ca I s. Van Oosten caI Is those chemicals "sunscreens" because t he i r goa l was to pr even t further I ight damage and rebui Id worn polymer f i ber s. She is proud that several sculptures have even gone on display aga in,albeit so met i mes beneath protective case s.Despite success s t or i es I i ke van Oo s t en ' s , p r e se r v a t i on of p I ast i cswi 11 I ikely get har der . Old objects continue to det er i or at e. Wo r s e ,bi odegradab I e pI ast i c s designed to d i s i nt egr at e, are increasingI y common . And more is at stake here than individual objects. Joana Lia Fer r e i r a, an assistant professor of conser vat i on and r est or at i on at the NOVA Schoo Iof Science and Technology, notes that ar chaeol og i st s first defined the great mater i a I ages of human hi st or y- St on e Age , Iron Age , and so on- af t er examining ar t i fa ct s in mu seums . We now I i ve in an age of p I ast i c, she says, "and what we decide to collect today, what we decide to preserve.'"Wi 11have a strong impact on how in the future we'I I be seen."21.【题干】Ac c o r d i ng to Paragraph 1, museums are faced with difficulties in【选项】A.maintaining their plastic itemsB.obtaining durable plastic artifactsC.hand I ing outdated plastic exhibitsD. classifying their plastic collections【答案】A22.【题干】Van Oo s t en be I i eves that certain pIasti c o切ect s ar e—一·－【选项】A. immune to decayB. improper I y shapedC.inherent I y f I awedD. complex in structure【答案】C23.【题干】Mu s eums stopped exh i b i t i ng some of Gi lard i's artworksto【选项】A. k e ep them from hurting visitorsB. dupl icate them for future displayC. have their ingredients analyzedD. prevent them from further damage【答案】D24.【题干】T he author thinks that preservation of pIast ics is【选项】A.costlyB. unworthyC. unpopularD. cha I lenging【答案】D25 【题干】I n Ferreira's opinion, preservation of plastic artifacts【选项】A. wi I I inspire future scientific researchB. has profound historical significanceC. wi I I help us separate the material agesD. has an impact on today's cultural I ife【答案】BText 2As the I atest crop of students pen their undergraduate app I i cations and weigh up their op t i on s,it may be worth consi der i ng」ust how the po i nt, purpose and va I ue of a degree has changed and what Gen Z need to consider as they start the third stage of their educat i ona I j ourn ey.Mi I lennials were told that if youdid wel I in schoo l,got a decentdegr ee, you would be set up for I i f e. But that pr o m i se has been found wanting. As degrees became un i versa I, they became deva I ued. Educat i on was no longer a secure route of social mobi I ity. T oda y, 28 per cent of graduates in the UK are in no n- gr adu a t e ro I es; a percentage which is doub I e the average amongst the OECD.This is not to say that there is no point in getting a deg ree,b ut, rather stress that a degree is not for ever yone, that the switch from c I a ssroom to I ecture ha I I i s not an i nevi t ab Ie one and that other options are avai I ab l e.Thankfu11y, there are s i gns that this i s aIready happening, w i t h Gen Z seeking to learn from their mi I lennial pr edecessor s, even if parents and teachers tend to be sti I I set in the degree mi nd se t . Employers have I ong seen the advantages of hiring schoo I I eaver s who often prove themse I ves to be m ore comm i t t ed and I o ya I emp I oyees than gr aduat es. Many too are seeing the advantages of scr app i ng a degree requirement for certain ro I es.For those for whom a degree is the des i r ed r out e, consider that t h i s may we11 be the f i r st of many. I n this age of genera I i sts, i t pays to have specific know I edge or ski 11 s. Postgraduates now earn 40 per cent more than graduates. When more and more of us have a degree, it makes sense to have t wo .I t is uni i k e l y that Gen Z w i I I be done w i t h education at 18 or 21; they wi I I need to be constantly up- ski I I ing throughout their career to stay agi Ie, re Ievant and emp I oyab I e. I t has been estimated that this generation due to the pressures of t echnol ogy, the wish for personal fulfilment and desire for d i ver si t y wi11 work for 17 d i ff er ent employers over the course of t he i r wo r k i n g I i f e and have five different c a ree r s. Education, and not just knowledge gained on campu s, wi I I be a core part of Generation Z's career t r aj ect or y.Older generations often talk about their degree in the present and persona I tense: I am a geographer'or I am a c I a s s i s t. Their sons or daughters wou I d never say such a thing; it's as i f they a I ready know that their degree won't define them in the same way.26. 【题干】The author suggests that Generation Z should【选项】A. be carefuI in chaos i ng a co 11egeB. be di I igent at each educational stageC. reassess the necessity of college educationD. postpone their undergraduate application【答案】C27 【题干】The percentage of U K graduates in non- gr aduat e roles ref l ect _【选项】A. Mi I lennial's opinions about workB. the shrinking value of a degreeC. p u b l ic discontent with educationD. the desired route of soci aI mob i I i ty【答案】B28. 【题干】The author considers it a good sign that【选项】A. Gene r at i o n Z are seeking to earn a decent degreeB. school leavers are willing to be skilled workersC. emp l o ye r s are taking a realistic attitude to degreeD. parents are changing their minds about education【答案】C29 .【题干】I t is advised in Paragraph 5 that those with onedegree should【选项】A. m ake an early decision on their careerB. attend on the job training programsC. t e a m up with hi gh- pa i d postgraduatesD. fu r t he r their studies in a specific field【答案】D30. 【题干】Wh at can be coneI uded about Generation Z from the I ast two paragraphs?【选项】A. Lifelong learning wi11 define t hem.B. They w i I I make qua I if i ed ed u c at or s.C. Depress w i I I no I onger appea I them.D. They wi 11 have a I imited choice of j obs.【答案】AT ext 3EnI i g hteni ng, chaI I engi n g, s t i mu I a t i ng, fun. These were some of the words that Nature readers used to describe t he i r exper i ence of ar t - sci ence collaborations in a ser i es of ar t i cl es on par t ner sh i ps b e t w ee n artists and r e sear c her s. N ear l y 40% of the roughly 350 people who responded to an accompanying p ol I sai d, they had collaborated with artists: and almost al I said they would consider doing so in future.Such an encouraging resuI ts is not sur pr i si ng. Scientists are increasingly seeking out v i sual ar t i st s to he l p them commun i c a t e t h e i r work to new aud i ences. " A r t i st s he Ip sc i en t i s t s reach a broader audience and make emot i on a l c o n nec t i on s that enhance l ear n i ng. " One respondentsai d.One example of how artists and scientists have together rocked the scenes came last month when the Sydney Symphony Orchestra performed a reworked ver s i on of An t on i o Viva Id i ' s The Four Seasons. They re imagined the 300-year-old score by i nj ect i ng the latest cl i mat e p r ed i c t i on data for each season- pr ov i ded by Monash Un i ver s i t y ' s Climate Change Communication Research Hub. The performance was a creative caI I to action ahead of November's Un i t ed Nations CI i mate Change Conference in GI a sgow, UK.But a genu i ne par t ner sh i p must be a two-way street. Fewer artist than scientists responded to the Nature pol I, howe v e r , several respondents noted that art i st s do not simply assist scientists with their communication r equ i r emen t s. Nor should their work be considered only as an object of study. The al I iances are most valuable when sc i ent i st s and artists have a shared stake i n a pr o j ect , are able t o 」o i nt l y design itand can cr i t i que each other's wo r k . Such an approach can both prompt new research as we11 as resuIt i n powerfuI ar t . More than haIf a century ago, the Massachusetts I nst i t ut e of T echno I ogy opened i t s Center for Advanced Visual Studies (CAVS) to explore the role of technology i n cul t ur e. The founders de I i berate Iy focused their projects around I i ght-hence the "visual studies" in the name. Light was a something that both artists and scientists hadan interest in, and therefore couId form the basis of collaboration. As sc i enc e and technology progr essed, and divided into more sub- d i sc i p I i nes, the centre was s i mu I taneous I y Iooki ng to a ti me when leading researchers could also be ar t i st s, writers and poet s, and vice ver sa.Nature's po11 findings suggest that t h i s trend i s as strong as ever , but, to make a co l l abo r at i on work, both sides need to invest t i me, and embrace surprise and cha I l enge. The reach of art - sc i ence t i e- ups needsto go beyond the necessary purpose of research commun i c a t i on , and participants. Artists and sc i ent i st s a I i ke are i mmer sed in discovery and invention, and cha 11enge and critique are core to both, t oo.31. 【题干】Ac c or d i ng to paragraph 1,ar t - sci ence collaborations have【选项】A. c a ught the attention of criticsB. received favorable responsesC. p r omot ed academic publishingD. sparked heated pub I ic disputes【答案】B32.【题干】Th e reworked version of The Four Seasons is men t i on ed to show that【选项】A. ar t can offer audiences easy access to scienceB. science can help with the expression of emotionsC. p u b l ic participation in science has a promising futureD. ar t is effective in faci I itating scientific innovations【答案】A33. 【题干】Some artists seem to worry about in the ar t - sci ence par t ne r sh i p_ .【选项】A. t heir role may be underestimatedB. t heir reputation may be impairedC. t heir creativity may be inhibitedD. their work may be misguided【答案】A34. 【题干】Wh at does the author say about CAVS?【选项】A. I t was headed a I ternateIy by artists and scientists.B. I t exemplified valuable ar t - sc i ence al I iances.C. Its projects aimed at advancing visual st udi e s.D. I ts founders sought to raise the status of ar t i st s.【答案】B35. 【题干】I n the I ast paragraph, the author hoIds that art - sci e n c eco11aborat ions【选项】A. ar e I ikely to go b eyond public expectationsB. wi I I intensify interdisciplinary competitionC. should do more than communicating science.D. ar e becoming more popular than before【答案】CT ext 4The persona I grievance provisions of New Zea I and's Emp I oyment Relations Act 2000 (ERA) prevent an employer from firing anemployee without good cause. I nst ead. di smi s sa l s must be justified. Emp l oy er s must both show cause and act in a procedura 11y fair way.Per sona l grievance procedures were designed to guard the jobs of ordinary workers from "un」ust i f i e d dismissals". The premise was that the common law of contract lacked sufficient safeguards for workers against arbitrary conduct by management. L ong gone are the days when a boss couId simply give an employee contractual not i ce.But these provisions create di ff i cuIt i es for businesses when app I i edto h i gh l y paid managers and execut i ves. As countless boards and business owners wi I I at t est , const r a i n i ng firms from f i r i ng poorly performing. hi gh- earn i ng managers is a handbrake on boost i ng pr oduct i v i t y and overal I performance. The difference between C- g r ade and A- g r ade managers may very we11 be t he d i f fe r ence between bus i ness success or fa i Iur e. Between preserving the jobs of ordinary workers or losing t hem. Yet mediocrityis no longer enough to justify a di smi s s a l .Con seq ue nt l y—and paradox i ca11y—|a ws introduced to protect the jobs of ordinary workers may be placing those jobs at risk.If notpIac i n g」ob s at r i sk,to the extent emp I oyment pr ot ect i on I aws constrain business owners from dismissing under- per f ormi ng man a ge r s , those laws act as a constraint on firm productivity and therefore on workers'wages.I ndeed,i n"An I nternat i ona I Per spect i ve on New Zea I and's Productivity Par ado x " ( 2014) . The Productivity Comm i s s i on singIedout the Iow qua I i ty of manager i a I capabi I it i es as a cause of the country's poor productivity growth r ecor d.Nor are h i gh I y pa i d managers themse Ives immune from the harm caused by the ERA ' s un j u st i f i ed d i sm i s sa l procedures. Because employment protection laws make it cost I i er to f i re an emp l oy ee , employers are more cautious about hiring new st aff . Th i s makes it harder for the mar g i n a l manager to gain emp I oyment . And f i r ms pay staff Iessbecause firms carry the burden of the employment arrangement going wrong.Soc i e t y a I so suffers from excess i ve emp I oyment pr ot ect i ons. St r i ngent 」ob dismissal r egu l at i ons adver se l y affect productivity growth and hamper both prosperity and overall well-being.Across the Tasman Sea, Au s t r a l i a deals w i t h the un j u s t i f i ed dismissal paradox by exc l ud i ng employees earning above a specified "hi gh- i ncome threshold" from the pr ot ect i on of its unf a i r dismissal laws. In New Zea I and, a 2016 private members'Bi 11 tried to permit f i rms andh i gh- i ncome emp I oyees to contract out of the u n」ust i f i edd i sm i s sa l r eg i me.H owe ve r ,the mec h an i sms proposed were unw i e I dy and the Bi 11 was voted down fo 11owing the change in government I ater that year .36. 【题干】The persona I grievance provisions of the ERA are intended to【选项】A. p un i s h dubious corporate practicesB. improve traditional hiring proceduresC. e x emp t employers from certain dutiesD. protect the rights of ordinary workers【答案】D37. 【题干】I t can be learned from Paragraph 3 t ha t the prov1s1ons may【选项】A. hinder business developmentB. undermine managers'authorityC. affect the pub I ic image of the f i rmsD. wo r se n l abo r- man ageme n t relations【答案】A38. 【题干】Wh i c h of the fo I I owing measures wouId be the Productivity Commission support?【选项】A. I m po s i ng reasonable wage restraints.B. Enf or c i ng employment protection lawsC.Limiting the powers of business owners.D. Di s mi s s i ng poorly performing manage r s.【答案】D39 . 【题干】Wh a t might be an effect of E RA ' s unjustified dismissal procedures?【选项】A. H i gh l y paid managers lose their jobs.B. Emp I o yees suffer from sa I ary cut s.C. Society sees a rise in overal I wel I - be i ng.D. Emp l o ye r s need to hire new st aff .【答案】B40 . 【题干】I t can be i n f e r r ed that the "hi g h-i ncome threshold" in Australia【选项】A. h as secured managers earningsB. has produced undesired resultsC. is beneficial to business ownersD. is difficult to put into practice【答案】CPa r t BD i r ec t i ons : T he fol lowing paragraphs are given i n a wrong or d er . For Questions 41- 45, you are r equ i r e d to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent art i c Ie by choos i ng from the I i st A- G and f i I I i ng them i nt o the numbered bo xes.Paragraphs C and F have been correct I y p I ac ed.Mark your answers on A N SWER S H EET. (10 points)Teri Byr d_ (41)I was a zoo and w i Id I i fe park emp I oy e e for y e a r s. Both the w i Id I i fe park and zoo claimed to be operating for the benefit of the animals and for conservation purposes. This c I a i m was fa I se. Ne i t he r one of themactua 11y participated in any cont r i but i ons whose bottom I i ne is much more important than the condition of the animals.Animals desp i se be i ng captives in zoos. N o matter how you "enhance" enc I osures, they do not a 11ow for fr eedom, a natura I d i et or adequate ti me for transparency with these i nst i t ut i ons, and it's past time to eliminate zoos from our cuIt ur e.Karen R. Si me (42)As a zoo I o gy pr of ess o r ,I agree w i t h Emma M a r r i s that zood i sp I ays can be sad and crue I. But sheunderestimates the educat i onaI vaI ue of zoos.The zoology program at my university attracts students for whom zoo visits were the cr uc i a l formative exper i ence t ha t led them to major i n bi oI o gi caI sc i ences. T h e s e are most I y students who had no opp o r t un i t y as chi I dren to tr ave I tow i I derness ar eas, w i Id I i fe refuges or nat i ona I parks.A I though good TV shows can he Ip s t i r chi I dren's interest in c o n s e r vat i o n, they cannot rep I ace the exc i t emen t of a zoo visit asanintense, i mmers i ve and i nt er act i ve exper i ence. Sure I y there must be some mi dd I e ground that balances zoos'treatment of animals with their educational potential.Greg N ewb e r r y _ (43)Emma Marris's article is an i nsu l t and a d i sser v i ce to the thousands of passionate who work t i r e l ess l y to improve the I i ves of animals and protect our pl anet. She uses outdated research and decades- o l d examples to undermine the noble m i s s i on of or gan i z a t i on committed to connecting chi I dren to a wor Id beyond their own .Zoos are at the forefront of c o n s e r vat i onand constant I y evo I v i ng to improve how they care for an i ma l s and protect each spec i es i n its natural hab i t at . Are there tragedies? Of cour se. But they are the except i on not the norm that M s. Ma r r i s i mp I i e s. A distressed an i ma l in a zoo wi 11 get as good or better treatment than most of us at our local hospi t a l.Dean Ga I lea (44)As a fe I I ow env i ronmenta I i st an i ma I - p r o t ec t i on advocate and I ongt i me vegetarian. I cou Id proper I y be in the same camp as Emma Marris on the issue of zoos. But I believe that wel I - r un zoos and the heroic animals that suffer their captivity so serve a higher purpose. Were it not for opportunities to observe these beaut i fu I w i Id creatures c I ose to home many more people would be driven by their fascination to travel to wi Id areas to seek out disturb and even hunt them down .Zoos are in that sense similar to natural history and archeology museums serving to satisfy our need for contact with these I iv i ng creatures while leaving the vast majority undisturbed in their natural envi ronme nt s .John Fraser (45)Emma Marris se I ect i ve I y describes and misrepresents the f i ndi ngs of our research. Our studies focused on the impact of zoo experiences on how people think about themselves and nature and the data points extracted from our st udi es.Zoos are too Is for t h i nk i ng. O u r research provides strong support for the va I u e of zoos in connecting peop I e with anima Is and with nature. Zoos provide a cr it i ca I voice for conservation and env i ronmenta I protection. They afford an opportunity for peop I e from aI I backgrounds to encounter a range of animals from drone bees to springbok or salmon to better understand the natura I wor Id we Ii ve in.41. 【题干】41. _ .【选项】A. Z oos which spare no effort to take care of anima l s should not be subjected to unfair cr i t ici sm.B. To pressure zoos to spend I ess on t hei r an i m a I s wouId I ead to inhumane outcomes for the precious creatures in their car e.C. While animals in captivity deserve sympathy, zoos p l ay asignificant roIe i n starting young peop I e down the path of re I ated sc1ences.D. Zoos save peop I e trips to w i I derness areas and thus contribute tow i Id I i fe conservation.E. For w i Id an i m a I s that cannot be returned to their natur a I hab i t at s, zoos offer the best a l t ernat i ve.F. Zoos shou I d have been c I osed down as they pr i or i t i ze money making over ani ma Is'weI Ib eing.G. M arris d i st or t s our f i nd i ngs which actua11y prove that zoos serve as an indispensable I ink between man and nature.【答案】F42. 【题干】42. —一·－【选项】A. Z oos which spare no effort to take care of an i ma l s should not be subjected to unfair cr i t ici sm.B. To pressure zoos to spend I ess on their an i ma Is wou Id I ead to inhumane outcomes for the precious creatures in their car e.C. While animals in captivity deserve sympat h y,zoos p l ay a significant roIe i n starting young peop I e down the path of re I ated s,c e nc e s .D. Zoos save peop I e trips to w i I derness areas and thus contribute to w i Id I i fe c o n se r v at i on.E. For w i Id an i m a I s that cannot be returned to their natur a I hab i t at s, zoos off er the best a I temat i ve.F. Zoos shou I d have been c I osed down as they pr i or i t i ze money making over animals'wel Ibeing.G. M arris d i st or t s our f i nd i ngs which actua 11y prove that zoos serve as an indispensable I ink between man and nature.。
历年考研英语一真题及答案解析
全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)The ethical judgments of the Supreme Court justices have become an important issue recently. The court cannot _1_ its legitimacy as guardian of the rule of law _2_ justices behave like politicians. Yet, in several instances, justices acted in ways that _3_ the court’s reputation for being independent and impartial.Justice Antonin Scalia, for example, appeared at political events. That kind of activity makes it less likely that the court’s decisions w ill be _4_ as impartial judgments. Part of the problem is that the justices are not _5_by an ethics code. At the very least, the court should make itself _6_to the code of conduct that _7_to the rest of the federal judiciary.This and other similar cases _8_the question of whether there is still a _9_between the court and politics.The framers of the Constitution envisioned law _10_having authority apart from politics. They gave justices permanent positions _11_they would be free to _12_ those in power and have no need to _13_ political support. Our legal system was designed to set law apart from politics precisely because they are so closely _14_.Constitutional law is political because it results from choices rooted in fundamental social _15_ like liberty and property. When the court deals with social policy decisions, the law it _16_ is inescapably political-which is why decisions split along ideological lines are so easily _17_ as unjust.The justices must _18_ doubts about the court’s legitimacy by makin g themselves _19_ to the code of conduct. That would make rulings more likely to be seen as separate from politics and, _20_, convincing as law.1.[A]emphasize [B]maintain [C]mod ify [D] recognize2.[A]when [B]lest[C]before [D] unless3.[A]restored [B]weakened [C]esta blished [D] eliminated4.[A]challenged [B]compromised [C]suspected[D] accepted5.[A]advanced [B]caught [C ]bound [D]founded6.[A]resistant [B]subject [C]immune [D]prone7.[A]resorts [B]sticks[C]loads [D]applies8.[A]evade [B]raise[C]deny [D]settle9.[A]line [B]barrier[C]similarity [D]conflict10.[A]by [B]as[C]though [D]towards[A]so [B]since[C]provided [D]though12.[A]serve [B]satisfy[C]upset [D]replace13.[A]confirm [B]express [C ]cultivate [D]offer14.[A]guarded [B]followed [C]stud ied [D]tied15.[A]concepts [B]theories [C ]divisions [D]conceptions16.[A]excludes [B]questions [C]shapes[D]controls17.[A]dismissed [B]released [C]ra nked [D]distorted18.[A]suppress [B]exploit [C]address [D]ignore19.[A]accessible [B]amiable [C]agreeable[D]accountable20. [A]by all mesns [B]atall costs [C]in aword [D]as a resultSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1Come on –Everybody’s doing it. That whispered message, half invitation and half forcing, is what most of us think of when we hear the words peer pressure.It usually leads to no good-drinking, drugs and casual sex. But in her new book Join the Club, Tina Rosenberg contends that peer pressure can also be a positive force through what she calls the social cure, in which organizations and officials use the power of group dynamics to help individuals improve their lives and possibly the word.Rosenberg, the recipient of a Pulitzer Prize, offers a host of example of the social cure in action: In South Carolina, a state-sponsored antismoking program called Rage Against the Haze sets out to make cigarettes uncool. In South Africa, an HIV-prevention initiative known as LoveLife recruits young people to promote safe sex among their peers.The idea seems promising，and Rosenberg is a perceptive observer. Her critique of the lameness of many pubic-health campaigns is spot-on: they fail to mobilize peer pressure for healthy habits, and they demonstrate a seriously flawed understanding of psychology.” Dare to be different, please don’t smoke!” pleads one billboard campaign aimed at reducing smoking among teenagers-teenagers, who desire nothing more than fitting in. Rosenberg argues convincingly that public-health advocates ought to take a page from advertisers, so skilled at applying peer pressure.But on the general effectiveness of the social cure, Rosenberg is less persuasive. Join the Club is filled with too much irrelevant detail and not enough exploration of the social and biological factors that make peer pressure so powerful. The most glaring flaw of the social cure as it’s presented here is that it doesn’t work very well for very long. Rage Against the Haze failed once state funding was cut. Evidence that the LoveLife program produces lasting changes is limited and mixed.There’s no doubt that our peer groups exert enormous influence on our behavior. An emerging body of research shows that positive health habits-as well as negative ones-spread through networks of friends via social communication. This is a subtle form of peer pressure: we unconsciously imitate the behavior we see every day.Far less certain, however, is how successfully experts and bureaucrats can select our peer groups and steer their activities in virtuous directions. It’s like the teacher who br eaks up the troublemakers in the back row by pairing them with better-behaved classmates. Thetactic never really works. And that’s the problem with a social cure engineered from the outside: in the real world, as in school, we insist on choosing our own friends.21. According to the first paragraph, peer pressure often emerges as[A] a supplement to the social cure[B] a stimulus to group dynamics[C] an obstacle to school progress[D] a cause of undesirable behaviors22. Rosenberg holds that public advocates should[A] recruit professional advertisers[B] learn from advertisers’ experience[C] stay away from commercial advertisers[D] recognize the limitations of advertisements23. In the author’s view, Rosenberg’s book fails to[A] adequately probe social and biological factors[B] effectively evade the flaws of the social cure[C] illustrate the functions of state funding[D]produce a long-lasting social effect24. Paragraph 5shows that our imitation of behaviors[A] is harmful to our networks of friends[B] will mislead behavioral studies[C] occurs without our realizing it[D] can produce negative health habits25. The author suggests in the last paragraph that the effect of peer pressure is[A] harmful[B] desirable[C] profound[D] questionableText 2A deal is a deal-except, apparently ,when Entergy is involved. The company, a major energy supplier in New England, provoked justified outrage in Vermont last week when itannounced it was reneging on a longstanding commitment to abide by the strict nuclear regulations.Instead, the company has done precisely what it had long promised it would not challenge the constitutionality of Vermont’s rules in the federal court, as part of a desperate effort to keep its Vermont Yankee nuclear power pla nt running. It’s a stunning move.The conflict has been surfacing since 2002, when the corporation bought Vermont’s only nuclear power plant, an aging reactor in Vernon. As a condition of receiving state approval for the sale, the company agreed to seek permission from state regulators to operate past 2012. In 2006, the state went a step further, requiring that any extension of the plant’s license be subject to Vermont legislature’s approval. Then, too, the company went along.Either Entergy never really in tended to live by those commitments, or it simply didn’t foresee what would happen next. A string of accidents, including the partial collapse of a cooling tower in 207 and the discovery of an underground pipe system leakage, raised serious questions about both Vermont Yankee’s safety and Entergy’s management–especially after the company made misleading statements about the pipe. Enraged by Entergy’s behavior, the Vermont Senate voted 26 to 4 last year against allowing an extension.Now the company is suddenly claiming that the 2002 agreement is invalid because of the 2006 legislation, and that only the federal government has regulatory power over nuclear issues. The legal issues in the case are obscure: whereas the Supreme Court has ruled that states do have some regulatory authority over nuclear power, legal scholars say that Vermont case will offer a precedent-setting test of how far those powers extend. Certainly, there are valid concerns about the patchwork regulations that could result if every state sets its own rules. But had Entergy kept its word, that debate would be beside the point.The company seems to have concluded that its reputation in Vermont is already so damaged that it has noting left to lose by going to war with the state. But there should be consequences. Permission to run a nuclear plant is a poblic trust. Entergy runs 11 other reactors in the United States, including Pilgrim Nuclear station in Plymouth. Pledging to run Pilgrim safely, the company has applied for federal permission to keep it open for another 20 years. But as the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) reviews the company’s application, it should keep it mind what promises from Entergy are worth.26. The phrase “reneging on”(Line 3.para.1) is closest in meaning to[A] condemning.[B] reaffirming.[C] dishonoring.[D] securing.27. By entering into the 2002 agreement, Entergy intended to[A] obtain protection from Vermont regulators.[B] seek favor from the federal legislature.[C] acquire an extension of its business license .[D] get permission to purchase a power plant.28. According to Paragraph 4, Entergy seems to have problems with its[A] managerial practices.[B] technical innovativeness.[C] financial goals.[D] business vision29. In the author’s view, the Ver mont case will test[A] Entergy’s capacity to fulfill all its promises.[B] the mature of states’ patchwork regulations.[C] the federal authority over nuclear issues .[D] the limits of states’ power over nuclear issues.30. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that[A] Entergy’s business elsewhere might be affected.[B] the authority of the NRC will be defied.[C] Entergy will withdraw its Plymouth application.[D] Vermont’s reputation might be damaged.Text 3In the idealized version of how science is done, facts about the world are waiting to be observed and collected by objective researchers who use the scientific method to carry out their work. But in the everyday practice of science, discovery frequently follows an ambiguous and complicated route. We aim to be objective, but we cannot escape the context of our unique life experience. Prior knowledge and interest influence what we experience, what we think our experiences mean, and the subsequent actions we take. Opportunities for misinterpretation, error, and self-deception abound.Consequently, discovery claims should be thought of as protoscience. Similar to newly staked mining claims, they are full of potential. But it takes collective scrutiny and acceptance to transform a discovery claim into a mature discovery. This is the credibility process, through which the individual researcher’s me, here, now becomes the community’s anyone, anywhere, anytime. Objective knowledge is the goal, not the starting point.Once a discovery claim becomes public, the discoverer receives intellectual credit. But, unlike with mining claims, the community takes control of what happens next. Withinthe complex social structure of the scientific community, researchers make discoveries; editors and reviewers act as gatekeepers by controlling the publication process; other scientists use the new finding to suit their own purposes; and finally, the public (including other scientists) receives the new discovery and possibly accompanying technology. As a discovery claim works it through the community, the interaction and confrontation between shared and competing beliefs about the science and the technology involved transforms an individual’s discovery claim into the community’s credible discovery.Two paradoxes exist throughout this credibility process. First, scientific work tends to focus on some aspect of prevailing Knowledge that is viewed as incomplete or incorrect. Little reward accompanies duplication and confirmation of what is already known and believed. The goal is new-search, not re-search. Not surprisingly, newly published discovery claims and credible discoveries that appear to be important and convincing will always be open to challenge and potential modification or refutation by future researchers. Second, novelty itself frequently provokes disbelief. Nobel Laureate and physiologist Albert Azent-Gyorgyi once described discovery as “seeing what everybody has seen and thinking what nobody has thought.” But thinking what nobody else has thought and telling others what they have missed may not change their views. Sometimes years are required for truly novel discovery claims to be accepted and appreciated.In the end, credibility “happens” to a discovery claim –a process that corresponds to what philosopher Annette Baier has described as the commons of the mind. “We reason together, challenge, revise, and complete each other’s reasoning and each other’s conceptions of reason.”31. According to the first paragraph, the process of discovery is characterized by its[A] uncertainty and complexity.[B] misconception and deceptiveness.[C] logicality and objectivity.[D] systematicness and regularity.32. It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that credibility process requires[A] strict inspection.[B]shared efforts.[C] individual wisdom.[D]persistent innovation.33.Paragraph 3 shows that a discovery claim becomes credible after it[A] has attracted the attention of the general public.[B]has been examined by the scientific community.[C] has received recognition from editors and reviewers.[D]has been frequently quoted by peer scientists.34. Albert Szent-Györgyi would most likely agree that[A] scientific claims will survive challenges.[B]discoveries today inspire future research.[C] efforts to make discoveries are justified.[D]scientific work calls for a critical mind.35.Which of the following would be the best title of the test?[A] Novelty as an Engine of Scientific Development.[B]Collective Scrutiny in Scientific Discovery.[C] Evolution of Credibility in Doing Science.[D]Challenge to Credibility at the Gate to Science.Text 4If the trade unionist Jimmy Hoffa were alive today, he would probably represent civil servant. When Hoffa’s Teamsters were in their prime in 1960, only one in ten American government workers belonged to a union; now 36% do. In 2009 the number of unionists in America’s public sector passed that of their fellow members in the private sector. In Britain, more than half of public-sector workers but only about 15% of private-sector ones are unionized.There are three reasons for the public-sector unions’ thriving. First, they can shut things down without suffering much in the way of consequences. Second, they are mostly bright and well-educated. A quarter of America’s public-sector workers have a university degree. Third, they now dominate left-of-centre politics. Some of their ties go back a long way. Britain’s Labor Party, as its name implies, has long been associated with trade unionism. Its current leader, Ed Miliband, owes his position to votes from public-sector unions.At the state level their influence can be even more fearsome. Mark Baldassare of the Public Policy Institute of California points out that much of the state’s budget is patrolled by unions. The teachers’ unions ke ep an eye on schools, the CCPOA on prisons and a variety of labor groups on health care.In many rich countries average wages in the state sector are higher than in the private one. But the real gains come in benefits and work practices.Politicians have r epeatedly “backloaded” public-sector pay deals, keeping the pay increases modest but adding to holidays and especially pensions that are already generous.Reform has been vigorously opposed, perhaps most egregiously in education, where charter schools, academies and merit pay all faced drawn-out battles. Even though there is plenty of evidence that the quality of the teachers is the most important variable, teachers’ unions have fought against getting rid of bad ones and promoting good ones.As the cost to everyone else has become clearer, politicians have begun to clamp down. In Wisconsin the unions have rallied thousands of supporters against Scott Walker, the hardline Republican governor. But many within the public sector suffer under the current system, too.John Donahue at Harvard’s Kennedy School points out that the norms of culture in Western civil services suit those who want to stay put but is bad for high achievers. The only American public-sector workers who earn well above $250,000 a year are university sports coaches and the president of the United States. Bankers’ fat pay packets have attracted much criticism, but a public-sector system that does not reward high achievers may be a much bigger problem for America.36. It can be learned from the first paragraph that[A] Teamsters still have a large body of members.[B] Jimmy Hoffa used to work as a civil servant.[C] unions have enlarged their public-sector membership.[D]the government has improved its relationship with unionists.37. Which of the following is true of Paragraph 2?[A] Public-sector unions are prudent in taking actions.[B] Education is required for public-sector union membership.[C] Labor Party has long been fighting against public-sector unions.[D]Public-sector unions seldom get in trouble for their actions.38. It can be learned from Paragraph 4 that the income in the state sector is[A] illegally secured.[B] indirectly augmented.[C] excessively increased.[D]fairly adjusted.39. The example of the unions in Wisconsin shows that unions[A]often run against the current political system.[B]can change people’s political attitudes.[C]may be a barrier to public-sector reforms.[D]are dominant in the government.40. John Donahue’s attitude towards the public-sector system is one of[A]disapproval.[B]appreciation.[C]tolerance.[D]indifference.Part BDirections:In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the blanks. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1.（10 points）Think of those fleeting moments when you look out of an aeroplane window and realise that you are flying, higher than a bird. Now think of your laptop, thinner than a brown-paper envelope, or your cellphone in the palm of your hand. Take a moment or two to wonder at those marvels. You are the lucky inheritor of a dream come true.The second half of the 20th century saw a collection of geniuses, warriors, entrepreneurs and visionaries labour to create a fabulous machine that could function as a typewriter and printing press, studio and theatre, paintbrush and gallery, piano and radio, the mail as well as the mail carrier. (41)The networked computer is an amazing device, the first media machine that serves as the mode of production, means of distribution, site of reception, and place of praise and critique. The computer is the 21st century's culture machine.But for all the reasons there are to celebrate the computer, we must also tread with caution. (42)I call it a secret war for two reasons. First, most people do not realise that there are strong commercial agendas at work to keep them in passive consumption mode. Second, the majority of people who use networked computers to upload are not even aware of the significance of what they are doing.All animals download, but only a few upload. Beavers build dams and birds make nests. Yet for the most part, the animal kingdom moves through the world downloading. Humans are unique in their capacity to not only make tools but then turn around and use them to createsuperfluous material goods - paintings, sculpture and architecture - and superfluous experiences - music, literature, religion and philosophy. (43)For all the possibilities of our new culture machines, most people are still stuck in download mode. Even after the advent of widespread social media, a pyramid of production remains, with a small number of people uploading material, a slightly larger group commenting on or modifying that content, and a huge percentage remaining content to just consume. (44) Television is a one-way tap flowing into our homes. The hardest task that television asks of anyone is to turn the power off after he has turned it on.(45)What counts as meaningful uploading? My definition revolves around the concept of "stickiness" - creations and experiences to which others adhere.[A] Of course, it is precisely these superfluous things that define human culture and ultimately what it is to be human. Downloading and consuming culture requires great skills, but failing to move beyond downloading is to strip oneself of a defining constituent of humanity.[B] Applications like , which allow users to combine pictures, words and other media in creative ways and then share them, have the potential to add stickiness by amusing, entertaining and enlightening others.[C] Not only did they develop such a device but by the turn of the millennium they had also managed to embed it in a worldwide system accessed by billions of people every day.[D] This is because the networked computer has sparked a secret war between downloading and uploading - between passive consumption and active creation - whose outcome will shape our collective future in ways we can only begin to imagine.[E] The challenge the computer mounts to television thus bears little similarity to one format being replaced by another in the manner of record players being replaced by CD players.[F] One reason for the persistence of this pyramid of production is that for the past half-century, much of the world's media culture has been defined by a single medium - television - and television is defined by downloading.[G]The networked computer offers the first chance in 50 years to reverse the flow, to encourage thoughtful downloading and, even more importantly, meaningful uploading.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points) Since the days of Aristotle, a search for universal principles has characterized the scientific enterprise. In some ways, this quest forcommonalities defines science. Newton’s laws of motion and Darwinia n evolution each bind a host of different phenomena into a single explicatory frame work.(46)In physics, one approach takes this impulse for unification to its extreme, and seeks a theory of everything—a single generative equation for all we see.It is becoming less clear, however, that such a theory would be a simplification, given the dimensions and universes that it might entail, nonetheless, unification of sorts remains a major goal.This tendency in the natural sciences has long been evident in the social sciences too. (47)Here, Darwinism seems to offer justification for it all humans share common origins it seems reasonable to suppose that cultural diversity could also be traced to more constrained beginnings. Just as the bewildering variety of human courtship rituals might all be considered forms of sexual selection, perhaps the world’s languages, music, social and religious customs and even history are governed by universal features. (48)To filter out what is unique from what is shared might enable us to understand how complex cultural behavior arose and what guides it in evolutionary or cognitive terms.That, at least, is the hope. But a comparative study of linguistic traits published online today supplies a reality check. Russell Gray at the University of Auckland and his colleagues consider the evolution of grammars in the light of two previous attempts to find universality in language.The most famous of these efforts was initiated by Noam Chomsky, who suggested that humans are born with an innate language—acquisition capacity that dictates a universal grammar. A few generative rules are then sufficient to unfold the entire fundamental structure of a language, which is why children can learn it so quickly.(49)The second, by Joshua Greenberg, takes a more empirical approach to universality identifying traits (particularly in word order) shared by many language which are considered to represent biases that result from cognitive constraintsGray and his colleagues have put them to the test by examining four family trees that between them represent more than 2,000 languages.(50)Chomsky’s grammar should show patterns of language change that are independent of the family tree or the pathway tracked through it. Whereas Greenbergian universality predicts strong co-dependencies between particular types of word-order relations. Neither of these patterns is borne out by the analysis, suggesting that the structures of the languages are lire age-specific and not governed by universalsSection III WritingPart A51. Directions:Some internationals students are coming to your university. Write them an1)extend your welcome and2)provide some suggestions for their campus life here.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET2.Do not sign your name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead.Do not write the address(10 points)Part B52. Directions: write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay you should1) describe the drawing briefly2) explain its intended meaning, and3) give your commentsYou should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET2.（20 points）1.【答案】B【解析】从空后信息可以看出，这句表达的是“_ _法官表现得像政治家”的情况下，法庭就不能保持其作为法律法规的合法卫士的形象，所以应该选C,maintain“维持，保持”，其他显然语义不通。
考研英语卷真题及答案
考研英语卷真题及答案考研英语是众多考生备战考研的重点科目之一，为了帮助考生更好地复习和准备，以下将列举一些历年考研英语卷真题及答案，供考生参考。
Section I Use of English1. A解析：根据句子结构分析，该题考查名词的用法。
选项A中"What"作问句的句头副词，修饰名词". . . . achievement"，表示"什么成就"。
2. D解析：通过句子结构分析，该题考查连接词。
选项D中"fan"是名词，而"while"用作从属连词，意思是在某个时间段或某一活动期间。
故选"D"。
Section II Reading ComprehensionPassage One1. D解析：根据第一段中"most scholarly research . . . . . shall be regardedas res justificata"和 "without being interfered with"可以推知，该罗马的法律原则表明如果某人的财产拥有得法，他就被视为合法所有人，就不应该被干涉。
2. A解析：根据第二段中"subjects of property"可以推知，人在约束下不去攻击别人只能是因为担心攻击行为对他自己将产生的财产产生负面影响。
Passage Two1. C解析：根据第一段中"Researchers have discovered that . . . . men to delay marriage"和"before they finish school or get settled in a career"可以推知，研究发现，男性更倾向于在完成学业或在事业上安定之后再考虑婚姻问题。
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考研英语真题及答案解析一、试卷概述本篇真题分析以2023年6月的英语四级考试真题为例，对听力、阅读理解、翻译和写作四个部分进行详细解析，帮助考生了解考试形式和内容，并提供相应的解题技巧和策略。
二、听力部分听力部分包含20道题目，分为四个部分，包括对话、长对话、短文和听写。
以下是具体的分析：1、对话部分：这部分的难度相对较低，主要考查学生对日常对话的理解能力。
建议考生在听录音前先阅读选项，了解可能的问题和答案，这样可以更有效地捕捉关键信息。
2、长对话部分：长对话通常包含两个或更多的对话，每个对话后都有几个问题。
考生需要理解整个对话的内容和上下文关系才能准确回答问题。
因此，建议考生在听录音时做好笔记，记录关键信息和细节。
3、短文部分：这部分主要考查学生对短文的理解能力，包括对细节、主旨和推理的把握。
考生需要在听录音时集中注意力，抓住关键信息。
4、听写部分：这部分考查学生的听写能力，要求考生在听录音的同时写出相应的单词或短语。
考生需要注意单词的拼写和语法，同时注意录音中的发音和语调。
三、阅读理解部分阅读理解部分包含三篇短文，每篇短文后有五道题目。
以下是具体的分析：1、细节题：这类题目要求考生根据文章内容回答具体的问题，如时间、地点、人物等。
考生需要在阅读时注意细节和事实，并在文章中找出相应的证据。
2、主旨题：这类题目要求考生概括文章的主旨或主题。
考生需要在阅读时注意文章的结构和语言特点，理解作者的意图和思路。
3、推理题：这类题目要求考生根据文章内容进行推理或推断。
考生需要在阅读时注意上下文关系和逻辑关系，理解文章中的隐含意义。
四、翻译部分翻译部分包含五道题目，要求考生将英文翻译成中文。
以下是具体的分析：1、词汇翻译：这类题目要求考生根据上下文翻译某个单词或短语的意思。
考生需要在翻译时注意语境和语义关系，选择正确的翻译方式。
2、句子翻译：这类题目要求考生翻译一个完整的句子。
考生需要在翻译时注意句子的结构、语法和表达方式，确保翻译的准确性和流畅性。
五、写作部分写作部分包含两道题目，要求考生用英文写作。
以下是具体的分析：1、应用文写作：这类题目通常要求考生写一封邮件、信函或报告等应用文。
考生需要在写作时注意格式、结构和语言特点，确保文章的清晰和准确。
同时要注意字数限制。
2、议论文写作：这类题目通常要求考生就某个话题发表看法或进行论述。
考生需要在写作时注意论点、论据和论证的逻辑关系，确保文章的条理清晰和说服力强。
同时要注意字数限制。
在英语学习中，同等学力是一个重要的概念。
它指的是在某个领域或学科中，具有相同或相似的学习背景和能力的人。
在同等学力的背景下，英语真题的解析显得尤为重要。
一、真题解析在同等学力的英语考试中，真题是考生们最重要的参考资料之一。
通过对真题的解析，考生们可以了解考试的难度、题型、分值分布等信息，从而更好地制定备考策略。
以2019年的同等学力英语真题为例，我们可以看到试卷中包括了阅读理解、词汇、语法、完形填空、翻译和写作等题型。
其中，阅读理解和词汇是分值最高的两部分，占总分的45%。
因此，考生们在备考时需要重点复习这两个部分。
二、答案解析在了解了真题的题型和分值分布后，接下来我们来分析一下各个题型的答案解析。
1、阅读理解阅读理解是同等学力英语考试中分值最高的部分，也是最容易失分的部分。
在阅读理解中，考生们需要掌握文章的主旨大意，理解文章中的细节信息，并能够根据文章内容做出推断。
在答案解析中，我们可以看到每个问题的答案都可以在文章中找到相应的依据，因此考生们在做题时需要仔细阅读文章，找到相应的依据。
2、词汇词汇是同等学力英语考试中分值第二高的部分。
在词汇部分，考生们需要掌握一定的词汇量，并能够根据上下文推测出单词的含义。
在答案解析中，我们可以看到每个单词的含义都可以在上下文中找到相应的依据，因此考生们在做题时需要仔细阅读上下文，找到相应的依据。
3、语法和完形填空语法和完形填空是同等学力英语考试中比较简单的部分。
在这两个部分中，考生们需要掌握基本的语法知识，并能够根据上下文填空。
在答案解析中，我们可以看到每个答案都可以在上下文中找到相应的依据，因此考生们在做题时需要仔细阅读上下文，找到相应的依据。
4、翻译和写作翻译和写作是同等学力英语考试中比较难的部分。
在这两个部分中，考生们需要掌握基本的翻译和写作技巧，并能够用英语表达自己的观点。
在答案解析中，我们可以看到每个答案都可以在原文中找到相应的依据，因此考生们在做题时需要仔细阅读原文，找到相应的依据。
同等学力英语真题与答案解析是考生们备考的重要资料之一。
通过对真题的解析和对答案的解析，考生们可以更好地了解考试的难度、题型、分值分布等信息，从而更好地制定备考策略。
希望本文能够对考生们有所帮助。
一、引言全国医学博士英语考试是针对医学生和医学工作者的一项高难度英语测试，旨在评估他们在医学英语阅读、理解和应用方面的能力。
本文将详细解析最近一次全国医学博士英语真题试卷，并提供答案，以帮助考生更好地理解考试形式和内容，提高应试能力。
二、试卷分析本次试卷总分为100分，考试时间为180分钟。
试卷由五个部分组成：听力理解、阅读理解、词汇与语法、完形填空和写作。
以下对各部分进行分析：1、听力理解：这部分主要考察考生对医学英语对话和讲座的理解能力。
考生需根据听到的内容完成填空、选择和判断题。
2、阅读理解：阅读理解部分包含两篇短文，每篇短文后有5个问题。
考生需在理解文章内容的基础上，根据问题在文章中寻找相关信息，完成选择题。
3、词汇与语法：这部分主要考察考生的词汇和语法知识。
考生需识别词汇的正确形式，完成填空题。
同时，考生还需根据给定的句子完成语法填空。
4、完形填空：完形填空部分包含一篇短文，其中有20个空格需要填入合适的单词。
考生需在理解文章的基础上，根据上下文填写正确的单词。
5、写作：写作部分要求考生就医学领域的一个话题撰写一篇不少于200字的文章。
文章应包括主题句、支持句和结论句。
三、答案解析以下是本次考试的答案解析：1、听力理解：考生需在听取对话和讲座时，注意关键词汇和表达方式，并理解其含义。
对于填空题，考生需特别注意听力材料中的细节信息；对于选择题，考生需在听懂对话或讲座的基础上，结合选项进行判断；对于判断题，考生需注意对话或讲座中的逻辑关系，并根据实际情况进行判断。
2、阅读理解：考生需在阅读短文时，抓住文章的主题和细节信息。
对于选择题，考生需在理解文章内容的基础上，结合问题在文章中寻找相关信息；对于填空题，考生需注意上下文的逻辑关系和语义连贯性。
3、词汇与语法：考生需具备扎实的词汇和语法知识，并能够识别词汇的正确形式和语法结构。
对于填空题，考生需注意上下文的语境和语义；对于语法填空题，考生需注意句子的结构和语法规则。
4、完形填空：考生需在理解文章的基础上，结合上下文的语境和语义填写正确的单词。
对于这部分题目，考生还需注意单词的拼写和语法结构。
5、写作：考生需在掌握医学英语词汇和语法的基础上，能够清晰、准确地表达自己的观点。
在写作过程中，考生应避免使用过于简单的词汇和语法结构，同时注意文章的逻辑性和连贯性。
四、总结全国医学博士英语真题试卷及答案解析对于考生来说具有重要的参考价值。
通过了解试卷的题型和难度，考生可以更好地制定备考计划和提高应试能力。
通过解析真题试卷的答案，考生可以更好地了解自己的优势和不足之处，从而调整备考策略，提高考试成绩。
希望本文对广大考生有所帮助。
一、试卷概述6月的大学英语六级考试试卷由六个部分组成，分别是写作、听力、阅读理解、翻译和词汇。
试卷总分为710分，其中写作部分占15%，听力部分占35%，阅读理解部分占35%，翻译部分占15%，词汇部分占5%。
二、答题技巧1、写作部分在写作部分，考生需要把握好文章的主题，以及表达方式。
考生应该注意以下几点：要确保文章的结构清晰，逻辑严谨；要尽量使用丰富的词汇和语法结构；要注意字数的控制，避免过多或过少。
2、听力部分在听力部分，考生需要提高自己的听力理解能力。
考生应该注意以下几点：要把握好关键词汇，如时间、地点、人物等；要注意听懂对话或短文中的细节；要学会利用题目的选项来推测问题。
3、阅读理解部分在阅读理解部分，考生需要提高自己的阅读速度和理解能力。
考生应该注意以下几点：要快速浏览全文，了解文章的大意；要仔细阅读题目，找出关键词汇；要回到原文中寻找答案。
4、翻译部分在翻译部分，考生需要把汉语翻译成英语。
考生应该注意以下几点：要了解中英两种语言的差异，掌握正确的翻译技巧；要注意时态和语态的转换；要尽量使用复杂的词汇和语法结构。
5、词汇部分在词汇部分，考生需要掌握一定的词汇量。
考生应该注意以下几点：要掌握一些常用的词汇和短语；要注意词性的转换；要学会利用上下文来推测词义。
三、答案解析下面以2023年6月的大学英语六级考试真题为例，进行答案解析。
写作部分：题目：现在很多人喜欢在网上购物，请就此现象写一篇文章，分析其利弊。
答案解析：这道题目的答案是很容易得出的，只要围绕网上购物的利弊进行阐述即可。
在写作时，可以分别从方便性、价格、品质、安全性和环保性等多个角度进行分析，同时也可以举出一些实例来说明问题。
需要注意的是，文章的结构要清晰，逻辑要严谨，同时要注意语法和拼写的错误。
听力部分：题目：听一段对话，回答问题。
对话中提到了一家餐厅的预订号码是多少？答案解析：这道题目比较简单，只要仔细听对话中的细节就能找到答案。
在对话中，提到了餐厅的名字和预订号码，因此只需要记录下号码即可。
需要注意的是，在记录号码时要注意书写格式的正确性。
阅读理解部分：题目：阅读一篇文章，回答问题。
文章讲述了一位成功的企业家的人生经历和成功之道。
问题包括这位企业家的名字是什么？他成功的秘诀是什么？他的公司主要业务是什么？等等。
答案解析：这道题目需要回到原文中寻找答案。
通过仔细阅读文章中的细节就能找到问题的答案。
需要注意的是，在寻找答案时要注意关键词汇的把握和题目的选项的对应关系。
同时也要注意理解文章中的长难句和复杂句型。
在中国的教育体系中，同等学力申硕英语考试是衡量非英语专业人士英语水平的重要考试之一。
该考试旨在测试考生在学术领域中的英语应用能力，因此，对于想要在学术领域有所建树的人来说，了解同等学力申硕英语真题及其答案解析是非常必要的。
一、考试概述同等学力申硕英语考试通常被称为PETS-5，它是由国家教育部考试中心设计的。
该考试主要测试考生的英语听力、阅读理解、写作和口语能力。
与其他的英语考试相比，PETS-5更注重测试考生的实际英语应用能力，特别是与学术研究相关的能力。
二、真题回顾让我们回顾一下过去的PETS-5考试真题。
在2019年的考试中，有一篇阅读理解题目是关于气候变化的，文章中提到了全球气温上升的原因和后果。