阶段性测试(八)1
青岛市超银中学(镇江路校区)2019-2020学年下学期八年级阶段性测试英语试题(PDF版,有答案)
2019-2020镇江路超银阶段性检测八年级英语参考答案第一部分:语法和词汇知识(20分)1-5：BCDCC6-10：ADCBB11-15：BDDDD16-20：CBDAA第二部分:完形填空(15分)21-25：CCCCC26-30：AACAC第三部分:阅读理解(20分)31-35：ABABA36-40：ADABD41-45：BCACD46-50：DFCAB第四部分:首字母填空(10分)1.western2.disabled3.spirit4.passengers5.Whatever6.relations7. fallen8.matches9.passages/chapters 10. prepare第五部分:综合运用(15分)1.who2.dropped3. to support4.fell5.after6.began7.to show8.hometown9.that / which10.depended第六部分:阅读表达(20分)【A】1.B2.No，she didn’t.3.Self-learning、infection prevention、eye exercises、class meeting、reviewing或to review what they have learned last semester （五选三）4.reported、to control或者because of、the daily、9 hours、included【B】1．change; 2. 7; 3. size; 4. 15; mon2019—2020（⼆）阶段性⽹课自主学习测查⼋年级英语满分：100 分时间：90 分钟真情提示：亲爱的同学们，你们好！你可要冷静思考，沉着答卷，争取有更加出⾊的发挥。
相信自⼰⼀定能⾏，祝你答题成功！所有题目均在答题卡上作答，上传好分数。
第⼀部分：语法和词汇知识（20分）1.this car that one, and you’ll see which is better.pare, forpare, withparing, atpared, on2.I waited for Alan in the hotel. However, he didn’t come I left there.A.orB.sinceC.untilD.but3.--- The teacher always speaks slowly in class to make what he says.--- a good teacher!A.typical, HowB.difficult, WhatC.meaningless, HowD.clear, What4.I had no difficulty making myself.A.understandB.understandingC.understoodD.to be understand5.— I heard Frank would join the music club. —He’s not interested in music at all.A.Why not?B.No problem.C.You’re kidding!D.It’s up to you.6.Bill, I planned to give you the card on Saturday, but I forgot.pletelyB.recentlyC.quietlyD.clearly7.Bob arrived at the train station late he missed the early train.A.enough; toB.too; toC.such; thatD.so; that8.—Who the singing competition? —I heard Joe Jill in the competition.A.won; wonB.beat; wonC. won; beatD.beat; beat9.—Why did they the houses? —Because they will build a park there.A.take offB.take downC.cut offD.turn down10.While my father was reading a newspaper, my mother a soap opera.A.will watchB.was watchingC.watchedD.is watching11.Helen, can you tell me?A.how much is your new bikeB.where you want to goC.what TV show does your English teacher likeD.what's the girl's name12.The teacher always tells us time computer games.A.don’t waste; to playB.don’t waste; playingC.not to waste; to playD.not to waste; playing13.Many students don’t want to their parents, so they work part-time in their free time.A.take afterB.care aboutC.hear fromD.depend on14.If you don't fold your clothes,. You should do it by yourself.A.so do IB.so I doC.neither do ID.neither will I15.My brother has a stomachache, so he eat so much next time.A.shouldB.couldC.couldn’tD.shouldn’t16.Could you please? Your grandfather is sleeping.A.don’t listen to musicB.not to listen to musicC.not listen to musicD.not listen to music17.---Would you please provide us information about the school sports meeting?---Sure. It's said that it will start the morning of September 20th.A.for; onB.with; onC.for; inD.with; in18.—I tried to make the little boy but I found it difficult.—Well, I saw you that when I went past.ughed; doughed; doingugh; dough; doing19.— How does Jane go to school?— She ride a bike to school, but now she going there by bus.ed to; is used toed to; u sed toC.is used to; used toD.is used to; is used to20.It is very kind you to help me with my lessons. It is hard me to learn them well.A.of; forB.of; ofC.for; ofD.for; for第⼆部分：完形填空（15 分）You know all about snowboarding, skiing , and surfing. But let's say that you don't live near any snow or the beach. What can you do?There is one thing that you can try. It is an extreme sport 21 sandboarding. Sandboarding is a lot like snowboarding, but you do it in the sand. When you ski or snowboard, you go down a mountain. When you sandboard, you go down a dune that is a mountain that is 22 sand.23 this sport , all you need is a sandboard. A sandboard is very 24 a snowboard or a surfboard. It is long , hard and flat. 25 sandboarding isn’t as popular as snowboarding, sandboardare harder to find.Of course, sandboarding is 26 in hot countries. For example, in Australia there is 27 no snow. That is 28 sandboarding is becoming a big sport there. Sandboarding is also popular in South Africa , Egypt and Dubai. It's not as popular in cold countries.Just like wing suit diving, sandboarding is a small sport that is getting more and more popular. Right now there isn't an international sandboarding championship. But countries like Australia, Dubai and Egypt all have sandboarding classes for people who want to learn . In the United States, there is a place called Sand Master Park. It is a 29 park that is just for sandboarding. There are easy dunes and hard 30 . The park also has classes and shows.( ) 21. A. call ( ) 22. A. made in B. callsB.made fromC.calledC.made of( ) 23. A. Tried B.Trying C.To try( ) 24. A. different from B.the same as C.similar to( ) 25. A. But B. Although C.Because( ) 26. A. popular B. independent C.proper( ) 27. A. almost B. hardly C.maybe( ) 28. A. who B. when C.why( ) 29. A. private B. public ual( ) 30. A. them B.one C.ones第三部分：阅读理解（20 分）A阅读短⽂，做出正（A）误（B）判断When you look up into the night sky, you can see the moon. But do you know that your’re only seeing one side of the moon? The other side, also known as the far side of the moon, has long been a secret to us. But now, we have a chance to see what’s on the far side.On January 3rd, China’s Chang’e 4 probe（探测器）landed on the far side of the moon. It is the first probe in history to land there.Chang’e 4 probe has already done a lot of things on the moon. One of its jo bs is to grow plants. Chang’e 4 probe took six living things to the moon. Such as cotton, potatoes and fruit flies（果蝇）. The cotton has already started growing. This is the first time humans have grown plants on the m oon.Chang’e 4 probe also took a lot of pictures of the moon’s far side. With these pictures, scientists will learn more about the moon.31.According to the passage, we can’t see both sides of the moon.32.Growing plants on the moon is Chang’e 4 probe’s only task.33.Chang’e 4 probe is the first probe to land on the far side of the moon.34.Seven living things were brought to the moon by Chang’e 4 probe.35.The cotton has already begun growing on the moon.BIf you were asked to recite（背诵）lines of poetry（诗歌）that have the Chinese character “hua”—which means flower—how many could you recite?He Liran, 13, had to tack on this challenge on a TV show aired by Shandong TV. He Liran, a student at the Harbin No 163 Middle School in Heilongjiang, competed with over 100 other students. The competitors took turns reciting lines of poetry that used the word “hua”, with He Liran replying to each one.One competitor used the line “As if the vernal breeze had come back over night; adorning thousands of pear trees with blossoms white.” He Liran replied with “After one night of wind and showers; how many are the fallen flowers!” At the end, He Liran won, reciting more than 60 out of the 127 lines that were recited in the competition.Her lifelong love of reading helped her win. Her father started reading poems to her when she was just 4 years old. She has been a bookworm ever since. Though busy with schoolwork, she spares time to study at least one poem each day. She thinks ancient poetry is still important, even in modern times. “Once, I walked along a small path in a forest. The scenery was the same as what is described in the line ‘On the sandy path between pine-trees there is no mud’, which comes from one of Su Shi’s poems. At that moment, the line from his poem naturally came to my mind and I realized that poems can be part of our daily lives,” she said.36．He Liran started to learn about poetry at the age of .A．4 B．6 C．8 D．l337．The underlined line in Paragraph 3 probably mans “”in Chinese.A．⼀树梨花压海棠B．雨打梨花深闭门C．梨花满地不开门D．千树万树梨花开38．According to the text, the competitor will probably win the competition.A．that has recited the most poems with “hua”B．that studies at least one poem each dayC．that likes ancient poetry best D．that can recite 127 lines of poems39．Which of the following is TRUE about He Liran?A．She competed with over 163 other students.B．Poetry plays an important role in her life.C．She won the competition in her school. D．She thought of Li Bai’s poem when walking in a forest. 40．What can we learn from the passage?A．Actions speak louder than words. B．One tree can’t make a forest.C．Better late than never. D．Interest is the best teacher.CHave you tried painting by numbers? Paint-by-numbers is a picture which has many parts with numbers. This has made it easier for people to paint because they only have to paint in each part with its color.Dan Robbins is the inventor of paint-by-numbers. After World War II. he worked for Palmer Paint. Working in the paint company helped him make the first paint-by-numbers. The idea came from Leonardo da Vinci. While painting, da Vinci often divided the picture into different parts and numbered them, so his students could complete the painting later.Robbins used this idea and decided to make something that everyone could enjoy. He shared the idea with the manager of the company and got his help.After working hard for some time. Robbins created paint-by-numbers. At first, sales of the product were low. But in 1951, after a show in New York, paint-by-numbers became very popular. In 1955. sales reached 20 million dollars,. Paint-by-numbers is not only popular with children, but adults(成年⼈) also enjoy it in their free time. Dan Robbins retired(退休)in1973and died in 2019. Till this day, his paint-by- numbers is still popular around the world.41.With paint-by-numbers, it’s easy for people toA.learn to paintB. paint a pictureC. teaching paintingD. take a picture42.Palmer Paint is the name ofA.a managerB. a paint schoolC. a paint companyD. a famous painter43.The underlined word “divided” means in Chinese in the passage.A.划分B.复制C. 分发D. 切割44.Which question is not answered in the passage?A.What is paint-by-numbers ?B. Who gave Dan Robbins the idea?C How long did it to create paint-by-numbers D. When did paint-by-numbers become popular?45.Which of the following is true about paint-by-numbers?A.It appeared before World War IIB. It is only popular with childrenC.It quickly became popular when it appeared.D. It has been popular for about seventy years.DDogs are like humans, they can feel the cold when the temperature starts to drop. 46When is it too cold for a dog to go outside? 47 And when it goes below 0°C, they can actually start to get hurt from the cold. 48 The wetter and darker it is outside, the colder it is going to feel.How long should dogs be outside when it is cold? Dogs can go outside for 15 to 20 minutes at below- freezing temperatures. 49 If dogs are outside for too long, they would have trouble regulating (调节) their body temperature.How can you protect your dog from the cold? If your dog is easy to feel the cold, getting it a coat can be helpful. Make sure that the coat is warm but still allows your dog to walk easily. If it’s waterproof第四部分：根据首字母提示完成句⼦（10 分）1.In w countries, people don't talk about the ages, especially the ladies.2.The dog Lucky can help d people who are blind or deaf.3.The s of the climber shows we should never give up achieving dreams.4.All the p were angry with the driver because he drove so carelessly.5.W happens to us, we won’t give up our dreams.6.Sometimes r between China and the United States are friendly.7.There are so many f leaves in Eight Great Passes（⼋⼤关）in autumn.8.My mom prepared some candles and m because the light was broken.9.I am interested in the first five c of Alice in Wonderland.《爱丽丝梦游仙境》10.—What can your parents p 第五部分：综合运用（15 分）you for your school trip? —Delicious food and money.下面的题目请填写到答题卡，拍照上传好分数Do you know Li Ziqi? She is a vlogger(视频内容创作者) 1. w enjoys a fan base of more than 21 million people on Sina Weibo. Her videos show a traditional Chinese way of life in the rural (乡村的) areas of Sichuan province.Li was born in 1990 in a village of Mianyang, Sichuan province. At the age of 14, when most of the kids of the same age went to middle school, Li 2. (drop) out of school and tried 3. (support) her family by doing different jobs in big cities. In 2012, because her grandmother 4. f ill suddenly,Li decided to move back home to look 5. her. In 2016, Li 6. (begin) making videos7.(show) her life in her 8.h, Mianyang. She said she wanted to create something for people to watch and relax.But her videos did more than that. She used things 9. are common in life, but She never gave any thought to where those things came from. Some followers said the success of Li Ziqi’s videos10.d on her love — love for her grandmother, for her life and for her culture. Her love touches people from both home and abroad.第六部分：阅读表达（20 分，A 篇10 分，B 篇10 分）【A】Huang Yahui, a 14-year-old girl from Beijing, turned on her computer at home at 8 am. She began her first day of online classes on Feb 17.“Each teacher took 15 minutes to show us how to study online,” Huang, who goes to Beijing No 66 Middle School, told Xinhua. “Our homework includes reviewing Chinese, mathematics and English.”Many schools around China planned to start the new semester on Feb 17. But to control the new coronavirus（新冠肺炎）outbreak（爆发）, they（A）delayed the start of the semester. Schools in many cities, including Beijing and Guangzhou, started online classes on Feb 17, according to the Ministry of Education（教育部）. Schools in Shanghai started online classes on March 2.Students are mainly taking classes to review what they learned last semester rather than taking new classes, according to the ministry（政府部门）. A middle school’s daily schedule can last from 8 am to 5 pm, with each class lasting for about 15 to 30 minutes. Self-learning, content about infection prevention, eye exercises and class meetings are part of the online classes, Xinhua reported.任务⼀：选出A处单词的同义词组（1分）A.put away B. put off C. put up D. put out任务⼆：回答问题：Did Huang learn how to study online by herself? （1分）任务三：根据短⽂内容，列举三条新冠肺炎期间的⽹课内容(3分)①②③任务四：根据短⽂内容完成句⼦，每空不超过三个词。
人教版英语八年级上册第一次阶段性测试卷
八年级英语第一次阶段性测试卷年级：班级：姓名：I.根据句意及首字母提示完成单词。
（10分）1.I h __________ do housework at home, so Mom says I’m too lazy.2.My favorite p ____________ is Animal World.3.Let’s go to the movies t _____________.4.------How often does Lucy watch Tv? ------- T _________ a week.5.Linda is t _____________ in music and she sings well.6.Don’t t _____________ it, It’s dangerous.7.Li Jia is more h ____________than me so she studies better than me.8.John didn’t have an u _____________ so he was wet.9.I w _____________ how he get there.10.I like staying at home, and I d ____________ going out.II.用所给单词的适当形式填空。
（10分）1.Bill goes swimming _______________ ( one) a week.2.We are busy ____________ ( study) these days, so we aren’t free.3.China is becoming ____________ (strong) and ____________ ( strong).4.Which is ____________ ( good ), this one or that one?5.Jim is _____________ ( friendly) than Tom.6.My brother is as _____________ ( serious ) as me.7.My mother wants me _____________ ( eat ) healthy food.8.She tries ________________ ( sleep ) nine hours every night.9.We ____________ ( play ) basketball yesterday afternoon.10.They ______________ ( take) many photos in the museum.III.单项选择（15分）（）1.---Who teaches _________ singing?---- Nobody, I learn it by ____________.A. your, mineB. your, myC. you, myselfD. you , me（）2. The book is ___________. I feel _____________.A. boring , boringB. bored, boringC. boring, boredD. bored, bored （）3.___________ is impossible if you put your heart into it.A. AnythingB. SomethingC. EverythingD. Nothing（）4.----- Steven, Can you help me buy some meat?----- ____________. I like shopping.A. That’s rightB. It’s rightC. Of courseD. You’re welcome （）5----__________ did you go last Sunday?---- I went to the Great Wall.A. WhatB. HowC. WhenD. Where（）6.-----___________ the weather like last Monday?----- It was sunny.A.How wasB. What isC. What wasD. How is（）7.After a long walk, I __________ a little tired.A. feelingB. to feelC. feelsD. felt（）8.----- Jack, is there __________ in today’s newspaper?----- No, nothing.A.anything importantB. something importantC.important anything D. important something（）9.They enjoyed ___________ very much.A. to swimmingB. swamC. swimmingD. to swim（）10.“60% of the students like reading books.”means “_____ students like reading books.”A.AllB. MostC. SomeD. No（）11.He knows a lot ___________ he is still a child.A. soB. althoughC. butD. or（）12.He is better at __________ basketball than me.A. playB. playingC. to playD. plays（）13. My sister is _________ taller than I.A. littleB. moreC. a littleD. very（）14. This story is ___________ interesting than that one.A. muchB. much moreC. more muchD. little more（）15. He is hungry . ___________ , he has nothing to eat.A.SoB. ButC. AndD. HoweverIV.按要求完成下列句子，每空一词。
山东省烟台市2022～2023学年八年级上学期期中阶段性测试数学【含答案】
山东省烟台市2022～2023学年八年级上学期期中阶段性测试数学注意事项：1.答题前，请务必将自己的学校、姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡和试卷规定的位置上。
2.答选择题时,必须使用2B 铅笔填涂答题卡上相应题目的正确答案字母代号，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案。
3.答非选择题时，必须使用0.5毫米黑色签字笔书写；做图、添加辅助线时，必须用2B 铅笔。
4.保证答题卡清洁、完整。
严禁折叠、严禁在答题卡上做任何标记，严禁使用涂改液、胶带纸、修正带。
5.请在题号所指示的答题区域内作答，写在试卷上或答题卡指定区域外的答案无效。
一、选择题（每小题有且只有一个正确答案，请把正确答案的字母代号涂在答题纸上）1.下列疫情防控宣传图片中，是轴对称图形的是2.下列各组数据中的三个数作为三角形的边长，其中能构成直角三角形的是A ．1，2，3B ．0.3，0.4，0.5C ．6，9，12D ．9，12，133.等腰三角形的一个内角是80°，则它的顶角度数是A ．80°或20°B ．80°或50°C ．80°D ．20°4.若一个三角形的三条高所在直线的交点在三角形外部，则这个三角形是A ．钝角三角形B ．直角三角形C ．锐角三角形D ．等边三角形5.若一个三角形的两边长分别为3cm ，6cm ，则它的第三边的长可能是A ．2cmB ．3cmC ．6cmD ．9cm6.下列说法正确的是A ．等腰三角形是关于底边中线成轴对称的图形B ．一条线段是关于经过该线段中点的直线成轴对称的图形C ．如果两个三角形全等，则它们必是关于直线成轴对称的图形D ．如果两个三角形关于某直线成轴对称，那么它们是全等三角形7.如图，已知图中的两个三角形全等，则∠1的度数是A.72°B.60°C.50°D.58°A B C D第7题图第8题图8.如图，在△ABC 中，AC ＝5，AB ＝7，AD 平分∠BAC ，DE ⊥AC ，DE ＝3，则△ABC 的面积为A ．72B ．36C ．18D ．99.在海面上有两个疑似漂浮目标. 接到消息后，A 舰艇以12海里/时的速度离开港口O ，向北偏西50°方向航行. 同时，B 舰艇在同地以16海里/时的速度向北偏东方向行驶，如图所示，离开港口1.5小时后两船相距30海里，则B 舰艇的航行方向是A ．北偏东60°B ．北偏东50°C ．北偏东40°D ．北偏东30°10.如图，AB ＝AC ，点B 关于AD 的对称点E 恰好落在CD 上，∠BAC =124°，AF 为△ACE中CE 边上的中线，则∠ADB 的度数为A ．24°B ．28°C ．30°D ．38°11.如图，长方体的长、宽、高分别是6，3，5，现一只蚂蚁从A 点爬行到B 点，设爬行的最短路线长为a ，则的值是2a A ．130 B ．106C ．100D ．8612.如图，在3×3的正方形网格中，点A 、B 在格点(网格线的交点)上，要找一个格点C ，连接AC ，BC ，使△ABC 成为轴对称图形，则符合条件的格点C 的个数是A.5个B.4个C.3个D.2个二、填空题（请把正确答案填在答题纸的相应位置上）第10题图A第11题图第12题图13.正方形的对称轴条数是_________．14.等腰三角形一腰上的高与另一腰上的夹角为30°，则顶角的度数为 .15.请你发现下图的规律，在空格上画出简易图案.16.如图，要测量水池宽AB ，可从点A 出发在地面上画一条线段AC ，使AC ⊥AB ，再从点C 观测，在BA 的延长线上测得一点D ，使∠ACD =∠ACB ，这时量得AD ＝110m ，则水池宽AB 的长度是 m ．17.如图，方格中有四个相同的正方形，则∠1，∠2，∠3的度数之和是________.18.如图，点D 、E 分别是等边△ABC 中BC ，AB 边的中点，AD ＝5，点F 是线段AD 上的动点，则BF +EF 的最小值为.三、解答题（请把解答过程写在答题纸的相应位置上）19.如图，在长度为一个单位长度的小正方形组成的正方形网格中，△ABC 的各个顶点分别在小正方形的顶点上．（1）画出△ABC 关于直线l 对称的△A 1B 1C 1；（2）求△ABC 的面积；20.如图，在△ABC 中，∠B ＝90°，∠A ＝30°．作边AC 的垂直平分线交AB 于点D ，交AC 于点E ，连接CD ，已知BD =4，求∠BCD 的度数及AD的长．第17题图第16题图第18题图21.如图，在△ABC中，点D是BC上一点，连接AD，若AB=13，BD=5，AD=12，CD=16，求AC的长度.22.如图，有一个直角三角形纸片，两直角边AC=6cm，BC=8cm，现将直角边AC沿直线AD折叠，使它落在斜边AB上，且与AE重合，求CD的长.23.如图，点E为△ABC的中线AD上一点，连接CE，过点B作BF∥CE交AD的延长线于点F．线段DE与DF相等吗？请说明理由．24.作图题（要求：用尺规作图，不写作法，保留作图痕迹）．已知：∠α，∠β，线段c．求作：△ABC ，使∠A ＝∠α，∠ABC ＝∠β，AB ＝2c ．25.小亮用11块高度都是2cm 的相同长方体小木块垒了两堵与地面垂直的木墙，木墙之间刚好可以放进一个正方形ABCD 木板，截面如图所示. 两木墙高分别为AE 与CF ，点B 在EF 上，求正方形ABCD 木板的面积．26.如图，AB =9cm ，AC =3cm ，点P 在线段AB 上以1cm/s 的速度由点B 向点A 运动，同时点Q 在射线BD 上以2cm/s 的速度由点B 沿射线BD 的方向运动．它们运动的时间为t(s)．(1)如图①，若AC ⊥AB ，BD ⊥AB ，当t =3时，说明△ACP ≌△BPQ ，并求∠CPQ 的度数；(2)如图②，∠CAB =∠DBA =，若△ACP 与△BPQ 全等，求出此时t 的值，并α直接写出∠CPQ 的度数；(3)如图②，若将条件中“AB =9cm”改为“AB ＝10cm”，其它条件不变，∠CAB =∠DBA =，是否存在t 的值，使△ACP 与△BPQ 全等？若存在，求出此时t α的值；若不存在，说明理由.D图①1图② 1山东省烟台市2022～2023学年八年级上学期期中阶段性测试数学一、选择题（每小题3分，共36分）题号123456789101112答案ABAACDDCCBCB二、填空题（每小题3分，共18分）13.4, 14.60°或120°， 15.8, 16.110, 17.135o , 18．5.三、解答题（19题6分，20-24题每题7分，25题11分，26题14分，共66分）19.解：（1）如图所示，△A 1B 1C1即为所求．…………………3分（2）△ABC 的面积为3×4﹣×1×3×2-×2×4=5 (6212)1分20.解：因为∠B ＝90°，∠A ＝30°，所以∠ACB ＝180°-∠B -∠A ＝60°.………………………1分因为DE 垂直平分AC ，所以DA ＝DC ，…………………………………………………………………………………3分所以∠DCA ＝∠A ＝30°，……………………………………………………………………4分所以∠BCD ＝∠ACB -∠DCA ＝60°-30°＝30°．…………………………………………5分所以AD ＝CD=2BD=8.…………………………………………………………………………7分21．解：因为AB =13，BD =5，AD =12，所以，………………………2222DB AD AB +=分所以△ABD 是直角三角形，∠ADB ＝90°.所以∠ADC ＝90°，△ADC 是直角三角形.…………………………………………………4分因为DC =16，所以AC =20．………………………………………………7分22.解：因为∠C =90°，所以，222AC BC AB +=所以，解得AB =10.…………………………………………………………2分2226+8=AB因为折叠，所以CD =ED ，AE =AC =6cm ，∠AED =∠ACD =90°，…………………………3分所以BE =10-6=4cm ，∠DEB =90°.…………………………………………………………4分设CD =x cm ，则ED =x cm ，BD =（8-x ）cm ，因为∠DEB =90°，所以.222DE BE DB +=即，……………………………………………………………………6分2224(8)xx +=-解得x =3.即CD 的长为3cm .……………………………………………………………………………7分23.解：DE ＝DF .………………………………………………………………………………1分理由：因为AD 是△ABC 中线， 所以BD =DC.…………………………………2分因为BF ∥CE ， 所以∠F =∠CED.………………………………………………………4分又因为∠BDF =∠CDE ，…………………………………………………………………5分所以△BDF ≌△CDE.…………………………………………………………………………6分所以DE ＝DF . . ………………………………………………………………………………7分24.解：△ABC 即为所求作的三角形．…………………………………………………………………7分25. 解：因为AE ⊥EF ，CF ⊥EF ，所以∠AEB =∠BFC = 90°．……………………………………………………………………2分所以∠EAB +∠ABE = 90°．因为∠ABC =90°，所以∠ABE +∠CBF = 90°．所以∠EAB =∠CBF ． …………………………………………………………………………5分因为AB=BC ，所以△ABE ≌△BCF ．…………………………………………………………………………6分所以AE =BF =2×5=10（cm ）．…………………………………………………………………7分又CF =2×6=12（cm ）．在Rt △BCF 中，． …………………………………9分244121022222=+=+=CF BF BC 所以BC =244cm 2，=ABCDS 正方形2即正方形ABCD 木板的面积为244cm 2.……………………………………………………11分26.解：(1)由题意，得BP ＝t cm ，AP ＝(9－t )cm ，BQ ＝2t cm ，∠A ＝∠B ＝90°，当t ＝3时，BP ＝3cm ，AP ＝6cm ，BQ ＝6cm ，……………………………………………1分因为AC ＝3cm ，所以AC ＝BP ，AP ＝BQ ，所以△ACP ≌△BPQ ……………………………………………………………………2分所以∠BPQ =∠C.因为∠A =90°，所以∠APC +∠C =90°，所以∠APC +∠BPQ =90°所以∠CPQ =90°.……………………………………………………………………4分(2)因为△ACP 与△BPQ 全等，∠CAB =∠DBA =，α所以AC ＝BP ，AP ＝BQ 或AC ＝BQ ，AP ＝BP.当AC ＝BP 时，t ＝3，此时AP ＝9－3＝6，BQ ＝2t =6，AP ＝BQ ，所以t =3.…………………………………………………………………………………6分当AC ＝BQ 时，3＝2t ，解得t ＝.32此时AP ＝9－＝，BP ＝t ＝，AP ≠BP.3215232所以t =不合题意……………………………………………………………………………7分32所以t 的值为3，∠CPQ ＝……………………………………………………………………………………8分α(3)不存在.………………………………………………………………………………………9分由题意BP ＝t cm ，AP ＝(10－t )cm ，BQ ＝2t cm ，设△ACP 与△BPQ 全等，则AC ＝BP ，AP ＝BQ 或AC ＝BQ ，AP ＝BP ，当AC ＝BP 时，t ＝3，此时AP ＝10－3＝7，BQ ＝2t=6，AP ≠BQ.∴t =3不合题意………………………………………………………………………………11分当AC ＝BQ 时，3＝2t ，解得t ＝32此时AP ＝10－＝，BP ＝t ＝，AP ≠BP 3217232所以t =不合题意，………………………………………………………………………13分32所以不存在t 的值，使△ACP 与△BPQ 全等.………………………………………………14分。
江苏省宿迁市沭阳县2022-2023学年八年级下学期第一次阶段测试地理试卷
2022—2023学年度第二学期八年级地理阶段性测试（试卷满分：100分考试时间：45分钟）一、选择题：（在每小题所给的四个选项中，只有一个选项符合题意，请将正确的选项填涂在答题卡上，每题2分，共计 80 分。
）秦岭和合南北，泽被天下，是我国的中央水塔，是中华民族的祖脉和中华文化的重要象征。
读“沿109°E线陕西省南部地形剖面图”，完成1～4题。
1. 秦岭被尊称为华夏文明的龙脉，下列山脉中与秦岭走向一致的是（）A．大兴安岭 B．昆仑山 C．祁连山 D．太行山2.图中秦岭北侧号称“八百里秦川”的是（）A．关中平原 B．黄土高原 C．汉水谷地 D．四川盆地3.下列诗句，与秦岭-淮河一线有密切关系的是（）A．两岸猿声啼不住，轻舟已过万重山 B．人间四月芳菲尽，山寺桃花始盛开C．大漠孤烟直，长河落日圆 D．橘生淮南则为橘，橘生淮北则为枳4.下列不属于秦岭—淮河一线地理意义的是（）A．湿润地区与半湿润地区分界线 B．1月0°C等温线C．冬季河流有无结冰期分界线 D．季风区与非季风区分界线“一方水土养育一方人”，自然条件的差异一定程度上影响着人们的生产和生活方式。
读中国四大地理区域图,完成5～12题。
中国四大地理区域图5．①、②、③为四大地理区域间的界线，界线①的确定，主导因素是（）A．人口、民族 B．经济发展水平 C．地势 D．民风民俗6.下列关于甲地区地理特征的叙述，正确的是（）A．高寒是本区自然环境的主要特征 B．农业区主要分布在河谷地带C．河流稀少，大多数为内流河 D．热量丰富，粮食作物以水稻种植为主7.下列诗句以“春”为关键词，其中描写甲区域的是（）A．长江春水绿堪染，莲叶出水大如钱 B．草长莺飞二月天，拂堤杨柳醉春烟C．羌笛何须怨杨柳，春风不度玉门关 D．春风又绿江南岸，明月何时照我还8．宿迁某公司准备在乙区域投资发展，下列投资方式不合适的是（）A. 饲养骆驼B. 开发太阳能资源C. 投资水电开发D. 开发地热资源9.某中学的玲玲自我介绍时这样说：我们那里河汊纵横交织，湖荡星罗棋布，水田成片，秀美的村庄镶嵌在其中，犹如仙境一般。
2023-2024学年八年级数学上学期第一次月考【北师大版】(附解析)
2023-2024学年八年级数学上学期复习备考高分秘籍【北师大版】专题3.1第一次月考阶段性测试卷（10月培优卷，八上北师大第1~2章）班级：_____________ 姓名：_____________ 得分：_____________本试卷满分120分，试题共23题，其中选择10道、填空6道、解答7道．答卷前，考生务必用0.5毫米黑色签字笔将自己的姓名、班级等信息填写在试卷规定的位置．一、选择题（本大题共10小题，每小题3分，共30分）在每小题所给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的．1．（2023春•滨海新区期末）25的算术平方根是（ ）A ．﹣5B ．±5C ．25D ．52．（2023•邵阳县校级模拟）下列各组数中互为相反数的是（ ） A ．﹣2与√(−2)2 B ．﹣2与√−83 C ．﹣2与−12 D ．2与|﹣2|3．（2022秋•徐汇区校级期末）下列根式中，是最简二次根式的是（ ）A ．√0.2bB ．√12a −12bC ．√x 2−y 2D ．√5ab 24．（2023•新都区模拟）代数式√x+1x 有意义的x 的取值范围是（ ） A ．x ≥﹣1且x ≠0 B ．x ≥﹣1 C ．x ＜﹣1 D ．x ＞﹣1且x ≠05．（2023春•孝感期末）如图，在△ABC 中，∠C ＝90°，AC ＝3，BC ＝2，以AB 为一条边向三角形外部作正方形，则正方形的面积是（ ）A ．6B ．9C ．13D ．256．（2023春•长垣市期末）如图，数学兴趣小组要测量学校旗杆的高度，同学们发现系在旗杆顶端的绳子垂到地面并多出一段（如图1），同学们首先测量了多出的这段绳子长度为1米，再将绳子拉直（如图2），测出绳子末端C 到旗杆底部B 的距离为5米，则旗杆的高度为（ ）米．A．5B．12C．13D．177．（2022秋•昌图县期末）在△ABC中，∠A、∠B、∠C的对边分别为a、b、c，下列条件不能判断△ABC 是直角三角形的是（）A．∠B＝∠C+∠A B．a2＝（b+c）（b﹣c）C．∠A：∠B：∠C＝3：4：5D．a：b：c＝3：4：58．（2021秋•诸暨市期中）若9−√13的整数部分为a，小数部分为b，则2a+b等于（）A．12−√13B．13−√13C．14−√13D．15−√139．（2023春•赵县期中）将一根24cm的筷子，置于底面直径为15cm，高8cm的圆柱形水杯中，如图所示，设筷子露在杯子外面的长度hcm，则h的取值范围是（）A．h≤17B．h≥8C．15≤h≤16D．7≤h≤1610．（2022秋•高州市期末）下面图形能够验证勾股定理的有（）A．4个B．3个C．2个D．1个二、填空题（本大题共6小题，每小题4分，共24分）请把答案直接填写在横线上11．（2023春•南陵县期末）√8与最简二次根式√m+1是同类二次根式，则m＝．12．（2023春•华蓥市校级期末）直角三角形的两条直角边长分别为√2cm、√10cm，则这个直角三角形的斜边长为，面积为．13．（2023春•丰台区校级期中）已知√6.213≈2.493，√62.13≈7.882，则√62130≈．14．（2023春•五莲县期末）已知a＝3+2√2，b＝3﹣2√2，则a2b﹣ab2＝．15．（2022秋•兴隆县期末）如图，∠OAB＝∠OBC＝∠OCD＝90°，AB＝BC＝CD＝1，OA＝2，则OD2＝．16．（2023•宁津县校级开学）如图所示，某风景名胜区为了方便游人参观，计划从主峰A处架设一条缆车线路到另一山峰C处，若在A处测得∠EAC＝30°，两山峰的底部BD相距900米，则缆车线路AC的长为米．三、解答题（本大题共7小题，共66分．解答时应写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤）17．（2021秋•乐山期末）如图，在正方形网格中，小正方形的边长为1，点A，B，C为网格的交点．（1）判断△ABC的形状，并说明理由；（2）求AB边上的高．18．计算：（1）2√3（√12−√75+13√108）（2）（√a3b−√ab3）√ab（3）（√2−√12）（√18+√48）（4）（5√12−6√32）（14√8+√23）（5）（2√7+5√2）（5√2−2√7）（6）(√3+√2)2013×(√3−√2)2012．19．（2023•江门校级三模）如图，有一块直角三角形纸片，两直角边AC＝6cm，BC＝8cm，现将直角边AC 沿直线AD对折，使它落在斜边AB上，且与AE重合，求CD的长．20．（2022秋•巴中期末）已知：3a+1的立方根是﹣2，2b﹣1的算术平方根是3，c是√43的整数部分．（1）求a，b，c的值；（2）求2a﹣b+92c的平方根．21．（2023春•金安区校级期末）如图，在△ABC中，AB＝15，BC＝14，AC＝13，求△ABC的面积．某学习小组经过合作交流，给出了下面的解题思路，请你按照他们的解题思路，完成解答过程．（1）作AD⊥BC于D，设BD＝x，用含x的代数式表示CD，则CD＝；（2）请根据勾股定理，利用AD作为“桥梁”建立方程，并求出x的值；（3）利用勾股定理求出AD的长，再计算三角形的面积．22．（2023春•金乡县月考）在学习完勾股定理这一章后，小梦和小璐进行了如下对话．小梦：如果一个三角形的三边长a，b，c满足a2+b2＝2c2，那我们称这个三角形为“类勾股三角形”，例如△ABC的三边长分别是√2，√6和2，因为（√2）2+（√6）2＝2×22，所以△ABC是“类勾股三角形”．小璐：那等边三角形一定是“类勾股三角形”！根据对话回答问题：（1）判断：小璐的说法；（填“正确”或“错误”）（2）已知△ABC的其中两边长分别为1，√7，若△ABC为“类勾股三角形”，则另一边长为；（3）如果Rt△ABC是“类勾股三角形”，它的三边长分别为x，y，z（x，y为直角边长且x＜y，z为斜边长），用只含有x的式子表示其周长和面积．23．（2021秋•丰泽区校级期末）如图，在△ABC中，AB＝AC，AD⊥BC于点D，∠CBE＝45°，BE分别交AC，AD于点E、F．（1）如图1，若AB＝13，BC＝10，求AF的长度；（2）如图2，若AF＝BC，求证：BF2+EF2＝AE2．2023-2024学年八年级数学上学期复习备考高分秘籍【北师大版】专题3.1第一次月考阶段性测试卷（10月培优卷，八上北师大第1~2章）班级：_____________ 姓名：_____________ 得分：_____________本试卷满分120分，试题共23题，其中选择10道、填空6道、解答7道．答卷前，考生务必用0.5毫米黑色签字笔将自己的姓名、班级等信息填写在试卷规定的位置．一、选择题（本大题共10小题，每小题3分，共30分）在每小题所给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的．1．（2023春•滨海新区期末）25的算术平方根是（ ）A ．﹣5B ．±5C ．25D ．5 【答案】D【分析】直接利用算术平方根的定义得出答案．【解答】解：25的算术平方根是：5．故选：D ．【点评】此题主要考查了算术平方根，正确把握定义是解题关键．2．（2023•邵阳县校级模拟）下列各组数中互为相反数的是（ ） A ．﹣2与√(−2)2B ．﹣2与√−83C ．﹣2与−12D ．2与|﹣2| 【答案】A【分析】根据只有符号不同的两个数叫做互为相反数对各选项分析判断后利用排除法求解．【解答】解：A 、√(−2)2=2，﹣2与√(−2)2是互为相反数，故本选项正确； B 、√−83=−2，﹣2与√−83相等，不是互为相反数，故本选项错误；C 、﹣2与−12是互为倒数，不是互为相反数，故本选项错误；D 、|﹣2|＝2，2与|﹣2|相等，不是互为相反数，故本选项错误．故选：A ．【点评】本题考查了实数的性质，对各项准确计算是解题的关键．3．（2022秋•徐汇区校级期末）下列根式中，是最简二次根式的是（ ）A ．√0.2bB ．√12a −12bC ．√x 2−y 2D ．√5ab 2 【答案】C【分析】A 选项的被开方数中含有分母；B 、D 选项的被开方数中含有能开得尽方的因数或因式；因此这三个选项都不是最简二次根式．所以只有C 选项符合最简二次根式的要求．【解答】解：因为：A 、√0.2b =√5b 5； B 、√12a −12b =2√3a −3b ；D 、√5ab 2=√5a |b |；所以这三项都可化简，不是最简二次根式．故选：C ．【点评】在判断最简二次根式的过程中要注意：（1）在二次根式的被开方数中，只要含有分数或小数，就不是最简二次根式；（2）在二次根式的被开方数中的每一个因式（或因数），如果幂的指数大于或等于2，也不是最简二次根式．4．（2023•新都区模拟）代数式√x+1x 有意义的x 的取值范围是（ ） A ．x ≥﹣1且x ≠0B ．x ≥﹣1C ．x ＜﹣1D ．x ＞﹣1且x ≠0【答案】A【分析】根据二次根式和分式有意义的条件：被开方数大于等于0，分母不等于0，就可以求解．【解答】解：根据题意，得{x +1≥0x ≠0， 解得：x ≥﹣1且x ≠0．故选：A ．【点评】本题考查的知识点为：分式有意义，分母不为0；二次根式的被开方数是非负数．本题应注意在求得取值后，应排除在取值范围内使分母为0的x 的值．5．（2023春•孝感期末）如图，在△ABC 中，∠C ＝90°，AC ＝3，BC ＝2，以AB 为一条边向三角形外部作正方形，则正方形的面积是（ ）A ．6B ．9C ．13D ．25【答案】C【分析】先根据勾股定理求出AB的长，再由正方形的面积公式即可得出结论．【解答】解：∵∠C＝90°，AC＝3，BC＝2，∴AB=√AC2+BC2=√32+22=√13，∴正方形的面积＝（√13）2＝13．故选：C．【点评】本题考查的是勾股定理，熟知在任何一个直角三角形中，两条直角边长的平方之和一定等于斜边长的平方是解题的关键．6．（2023春•长垣市期末）如图，数学兴趣小组要测量学校旗杆的高度，同学们发现系在旗杆顶端的绳子垂到地面并多出一段（如图1），同学们首先测量了多出的这段绳子长度为1米，再将绳子拉直（如图2），测出绳子末端C到旗杆底部B的距离为5米，则旗杆的高度为（）米．A．5B．12C．13D．17【答案】B【分析】因为旗杆、绳子、地面正好构成直角三角形，设旗杆的高度为x米，则绳子的长度为（x+1）米，根据勾股定理即可求得旗杆的高度．【解答】解：设旗杆的高度AB为x米，则绳子AC的长度为（x+1）米，在Rt△ABC中，根据勾股定理可得：x2+52＝（x+1）2，解得，x＝12．答：旗杆的高度为12米．故选：B．【点评】此题考查了勾股定理的应用，熟知勾股定理是解题关键．7．（2022秋•昌图县期末）在△ABC中，∠A、∠B、∠C的对边分别为a、b、c，下列条件不能判断△ABC 是直角三角形的是（）A．∠B＝∠C+∠A B．a2＝（b+c）（b﹣c）C．∠A：∠B：∠C＝3：4：5D．a：b：c＝3：4：5【答案】C【分析】利用直角三角形的定义和勾股定理的逆定理逐项判断即可．【解答】解：A、∵∠B＝∠C+∠A，且∠A+∠B+∠C＝180°，∴∠B＝90°，故△ABC是直角三角形；B、∵a2＝（b+c）（b﹣c），∴a2+c2＝b2，故△ABC是直角三角形；C、∵∠A：∠B：∠C＝3：4：5，且∠A+∠B+∠C＝180°，∴最大角∠C＝75°≠90°，故△ABC不是直角三角形；D、由条件可设a＝3k，则b＝4k，c＝5k，那么a2+b2＝c2，故△ABC是直角三角形；故选：C．【点评】本题考查了勾股定理的逆定理：如果三角形的三边长a，b，c满足a2+b2＝c2，那么这个三角形就是直角三角形．也考查了三角形内角和定理．8．（2021秋•诸暨市期中）若9−√13的整数部分为a，小数部分为b，则2a+b等于（）A．12−√13B．13−√13C．14−√13D．15−√13【答案】C【分析】先估算√13的大小，再估算9−√13的大小，进而确定a、b的值，最后代入计算即可．【解答】解：∵3＜√13＜4，∴﹣4＜−√13＜−3，∴5＜9−√13＜6，又∵9−√13的整数部分为a，小数部分为b，∴a＝5，b＝9−√13−5＝4−√13，∴2a+b＝10+（4−√13）＝14−√13，故选：C．【点评】本题考查估算无理数，掌握无理数估算的方法是解决问题的前提，理解无理数的整数部分和小数部分的表示方法是得出正确答案的关键．9．（2023春•赵县期中）将一根24cm的筷子，置于底面直径为15cm，高8cm的圆柱形水杯中，如图所示，设筷子露在杯子外面的长度hcm，则h的取值范围是（）A．h≤17B．h≥8C．15≤h≤16D．7≤h≤16【答案】D【分析】如图，当筷子的底端在A点时，筷子露在杯子外面的长度最短；当筷子的底端在D点时，筷子露在杯子外面的长度最长．然后分别利用已知条件根据勾股定理即可求出h的取值范围．【解答】解：如图，当筷子的底端在D点时，筷子露在杯子外面的长度最长，∴h＝24﹣8＝16cm；当筷子的底端在A点时，筷子露在杯子外面的长度最短，在Rt△ABD中，AD＝15，BD＝8，∴AB=√AD2+BD2=17，∴此时h＝24﹣17＝7，所以h的取值范围是7≤h≤16．故选：D．【点评】本题考查正确运用勾股定理．善于观察题目的信息是解题以及学好数学的关键．10．（2022秋•高州市期末）下面图形能够验证勾股定理的有（）A．4个B．3个C．2个D．1个【答案】A【分析】利用面积法证明勾股定理即可解决问题．【解答】解：第一个图形：中间小正方形的面积c2＝（a+b）2﹣4×12ab；化简得c2＝a2+b2，可以证明勾股定理．第二个图形：中间小正方形的面积（b﹣a）2＝c2﹣4×12ab；化简得a2+b2＝c2，可以证明勾股定理．第三个图形：梯形的面积=12（a+b）（a+b）＝2×12×ab+12c2，化简得a2+b2＝c2；可以证明勾股定理．第四个图形：由图形可知割补前后的两个小直角三角形全等，则正方形的面积＝两个直角三角形的面积的和，即（b−b−a2）（a+b−a2）=12ab+12c⋅12c，化简得a2+b2＝c2；可以证明勾股定理，∴能够验证勾股定理的有4个．故选：A．【点评】本题考查了勾股定理的证明、正方形的性质、直角三角形面积的计算；熟练掌握正方形的性质，运用面积法得出等式是解决问题的关键．二．填空题（共6小题）11．（2023春•南陵县期末）√8与最简二次根式√m+1是同类二次根式，则m＝1．【答案】见试题解答内容【分析】先把√8化为最简二次根式2√2，再根据同类二次根式得到m+1＝2，然后解方程即可．【解答】解：∵√8=2√2，∴m+1＝2，∴m＝1．故答案为1．【点评】本题考查了同类二次根式：几个二次根式化为最简二次根式后，若被开方数相同，那么这几个二次根式叫同类二次根式．12．（2023春•华蓥市校级期末）直角三角形的两条直角边长分别为√2cm、√10cm，则这个直角三角形的斜边长为2√3cm，面积为√5cm2．【答案】见试题解答内容【分析】此题直接利用勾股定理及三角形的面积解答即可．【解答】解：由勾股定理得，直角三角形的斜边长=√(√2)2+(√10)2=2√3cm；直角三角形的面积=12×√2×√10=√5cm2．故填2√3cm，√5cm2．【点评】此题主要考查勾股定理及三角形的面积．13．（2023春•丰台区校级期中）已知√6.213≈2.493，√62.13≈7.882，则√62130≈249.3．【答案】249.3．【分析】根据“被开方数的小数点向右或向左移动2位，它们的算术平方根的小数点就相应地向右或向左移动1位”解答即可．【解答】解：∵被开方数62130可由6.213的小数点向右移动4位得到，∴√62130可由√6.123的算术平方根2.493的小数点向右移动2位得到，即√62130≈249.3．故答案为：249.3．【点评】本题考查算术平方根的规律，熟悉被开方数小数点移动与其算术平方根小数点移动的规律是解题的关键．14．（2023春•五莲县期末）已知a＝3+2√2，b＝3﹣2√2，则a2b﹣ab2＝4√2．【答案】见试题解答内容【分析】根据二次根式的运算法则即可求出答案．【解答】解：∵a＝3+2√2，b＝3﹣2√2，∴ab＝9﹣8＝1，a﹣b＝4√2，∴原式＝ab（a﹣b）＝4√2，故答案为：4√2【点评】本题考查二次根式的性质，解题的关键是熟练运用二次根式的性质，本题属于基础题型．15．（2022秋•兴隆县期末）如图，∠OAB＝∠OBC＝∠OCD＝90°，AB＝BC＝CD＝1，OA＝2，则OD2＝7．【答案】见试题解答内容【分析】连续运用勾股定理即可解答．【解答】解：由勾股定理可知OB=√5，OC=√6，OD=√7∴OD2＝7．【点评】本题考查了利用勾股定理解直角三角形的能力即：直角三角形两直角边的平方和等于斜边的平方．16．（2023•宁津县校级开学）如图所示，某风景名胜区为了方便游人参观，计划从主峰A处架设一条缆车线路到另一山峰C处，若在A处测得∠EAC＝30°，两山峰的底部BD相距900米，则缆车线路AC的长为600√3米．【答案】见试题解答内容【分析】过点C作CO⊥AB，垂足为O，由图可看出，三角形OAC为一直角三角形，已知一直角边和一角，则可求斜边．【解答】解：过点C作CO⊥AB，垂足为O，∵BD＝900，∴OC＝900，∵∠EAC＝30°，∴∠ACO＝30°．在Rt△AOC中，∵AC＝2OA，设OA＝x，则AC＝2x，（2x）2﹣x2＝OC2＝9002，∴x2＝270000，∴x＝300√3∴AC＝600√3米．故答案为600√3．【点评】本题考查了直角三角形的性质和勾股定理．三．解答题（共7小题）17．（2021秋•乐山期末）如图，在正方形网格中，小正方形的边长为1，点A，B，C为网格的交点．（1）判断△ABC的形状，并说明理由；（2）求AB边上的高．【答案】见试题解答内容【分析】（1）根据题意，可以分别求得BC 、AC 、AB 的长，然后利用勾股定理的逆定理，即可判断△ABC 的形状；（2）根据等积法，可以求得AB 边上的高．【解答】解：（1）△ABC 为直角三角形， 理由：由图可知，AC =√22+42=2√5，BC =√12+22=√5，AB =√32+42=5，∴AC 2+BC 2＝AB 2，∴△ABC 是直角三角形；（2）设AB 边上的高为h ， 由（1）知，AC =2√5，BC =√5，AB ＝5，△ABC 是直角三角形，∴12BC ⋅AC =12AB ⋅ℎ， 即12×√5×2√5=12×5h ，解得，h ＝2， 即AB 边上的高为2．【点评】本题考查勾股定理的逆定理、勾股定理，解答本题的关键是明确题意，利用数形结合的思想解答．18．计算： （1）2√3（√12−√75+13√108）（2）（√a 3b −√ab 3）√ab（3）（√2−√12）（√18+√48）（4）（5√12−6√32）（14√8+√23）（5）（2√7+5√2）（5√2−2√7）（6）(√3+√2)2013×(√3−√2)2012．【答案】见试题解答内容【分析】（1）先把括号内的各二次根式化为最简二次根，然后合并后进行二次根式的乘法运算；（2）先把括号内的各二次根式化为最简二次根，然后合并后进行二次根式的乘法运算；（3）先把各二次根式化为最简二次根，然后合并后进行二次根式的乘法运算；（4）先进行二次根式的乘法运算，然后合并即可；（5）利用平方差公式计算；（6）利用积的乘方进行计算．【解答】解：（1）原式＝2√3（2√3−5√3+2√3）＝2√3×（−√3）＝﹣6；（2）原式＝（a√ab−b√ab）•√ab=（a﹣b）√ab•√ab=ab（a﹣b）＝a2b﹣ab2；（3）原式＝（√2−2√3）（3√2+4√3）＝6+4√6−6√6−24＝﹣2√6−18；（4）原式=54√12×8+5√12×23−32√32×8−6√32×23=52+5√33−3√3−6=−72−4√33；（5）原式＝（5√2）2﹣（2√7）2＝50﹣28＝22；（6）原式＝[（√3+√2）（√3−√2）]2012•（√3+√2）=√3+√2．【点评】本题考查了二次根式的混合运算：先把各二次根式化为最简二次根式，再进行二次根式的乘除运算，然后进行二次根式的加减运算．19．（2023•江门校级三模）如图，有一块直角三角形纸片，两直角边AC＝6cm，BC＝8cm，现将直角边AC 沿直线AD对折，使它落在斜边AB上，且与AE重合，求CD的长．【答案】见试题解答内容【分析】先由勾股定理求AB＝10．再用勾股定理从△DEB中建立等量关系列出方程即可求CD的长．【解答】解：∵两直角边AC＝6cm，BC＝8cm，在Rt△ABC中，由勾股定理可知AB＝10，现将直角边AC沿直线AD对折，使它落在斜边AB上，且与AE重合，则CD＝DE，AE＝AC＝6，∴BE＝10﹣6＝4，设DE＝CD＝x，BD＝8﹣x，在Rt△BDE中，根据勾股定理得：BD2＝DE2+BE2，即（8﹣x）2＝x2+42，解得x＝3．即CD的长为3cm．【点评】此题不但考查了勾股定理，还考查了学生折叠的知识，折叠中学生一定要弄清其中的等量关系．20．（2022秋•巴中期末）已知：3a+1的立方根是﹣2，2b﹣1的算术平方根是3，c是√43的整数部分．（1）求a，b，c的值；（2）求2a﹣b+92c的平方根．【答案】见试题解答内容【分析】（1）根据立方根、算术平方根、无理数的估算即可求出a、b、c的值；（2）求出代数式2a﹣b+92c的值，再求这个数的平方根．【解答】解：（1）∵3a+1的立方根是﹣2，∴3a+1＝﹣8，解得，a＝﹣3，∵2b﹣1的算术平方根是3，∴2b﹣1＝9，解得，b＝5，∵√36＜√43＜√49，∴6＜√43＜7，∴√43的整数部分为6，即，c＝6，因此，a＝﹣3，b＝5，c＝6，（2）当a＝﹣3，b＝5，c＝6时，2a﹣b+92c=−6﹣5+92×6＝16，2a﹣b+92c的平方根为±√16=±4．【点评】本题考查算术平方根、立方根、无理数的估算，掌握算术平方根、立方根和无理数的估算是正确解答的前提．21．（2023春•金安区校级期末）如图，在△ABC中，AB＝15，BC＝14，AC＝13，求△ABC的面积．某学习小组经过合作交流，给出了下面的解题思路，请你按照他们的解题思路，完成解答过程．（1）作AD⊥BC于D，设BD＝x，用含x的代数式表示CD，则CD＝14﹣x；（2）请根据勾股定理，利用AD作为“桥梁”建立方程，并求出x的值；（3）利用勾股定理求出AD的长，再计算三角形的面积．【答案】见试题解答内容【分析】（1）直接利用BC的长表示出DC的长；（2）直接利用勾股定理进而得出x的值；（3）利用三角形面积求法得出答案．【解答】解：（1）∵BC＝14，BD＝x，∴DC＝14﹣x，故答案为：14﹣x；（2）∵AD⊥BC，∴AD2＝AC2﹣CD2，AD2＝AB2﹣BD2，∴132﹣（14﹣x）2＝152﹣x2，解得：x＝9；（3）由（2）得：AD=√AB2−BD2=√152−92=12，∴S△ABC=12•BC•AD=12×14×12＝84．【点评】此题主要考查了勾股定理以及三角形面积求法，正确得出AD的长是解题关键．22．（2023春•金乡县月考）在学习完勾股定理这一章后，小梦和小璐进行了如下对话．小梦：如果一个三角形的三边长a，b，c满足a2+b2＝2c2，那我们称这个三角形为“类勾股三角形”，例如△ABC的三边长分别是√2，√6和2，因为（√2）2+（√6）2＝2×22，所以△ABC是“类勾股三角形”．小璐：那等边三角形一定是“类勾股三角形”！根据对话回答问题：（1）判断：小璐的说法 正确 ；（填“正确”或“错误”）（2）已知△ABC 的其中两边长分别为1，√7，若△ABC 为“类勾股三角形”，则另一边长为 2或√13 ； （3）如果Rt △ABC 是“类勾股三角形”，它的三边长分别为x ，y ，z （x ，y 为直角边长且x ＜y ，z 为斜边长），用只含有x 的式子表示其周长和面积．【答案】（1）正确；（2）2或√13；（3）周长为（1+√2+√3）x ，面积为√22x 2． 【分析】（1）根据“类勾股三角形”的定义进行判断即可；（2）设出第三边，利用“类勾股三角形”的定义分三种情况讨论求解并进行验证即可；（3）根据勾股定理和类勾股三角形的性质将b 、c 用a 表示，即可求出结果．【解答】解：（1）设等边三角形三边长分别是a ，b ，c ，则a ＝b ＝c ，∴a 2+b 2＝2c 2，∴等边三角形是“类勾股三角形”，∴小璐的说法正确．故答案为：正确；（2）设另一边长为x ，①12+（√7）2＝2x 2，解得x ＝2，符合题意；②12+x 2＝2（√7）2，解得x =√13，符合题意；③x 2+（√7）2＝2×12，x 无解；故答案为：2或√13；（3）∵Rt △ABC 是“类勾股三角形”且x ＜y ，z 为斜边长，∴x 2+z 2＝2y 2，由勾股定理得x 2+y 2＝z 2，整理得x 2+x 2+y 2＝2y 2，即2x 2＝y 2，∴y =√2x ， ∴z 2＝3x 2，∴z =√3x ，∴Rt △ABC 的周长为x +y +z ＝（1+√2+√3）x ，Rt △ABC 的面积为12xy =12x •√2x =√22x 2． 【点评】本题考查勾股定理，理解题目中的新定义及掌握勾股定理是解题关键．23．（2021秋•丰泽区校级期末）如图，在△ABC中，AB＝AC，AD⊥BC于点D，∠CBE＝45°，BE分别交AC，AD于点E、F．（1）如图1，若AB＝13，BC＝10，求AF的长度；（2）如图2，若AF＝BC，求证：BF2+EF2＝AE2．【答案】（1）7；（2）答案见解答．【分析】（1）先根据等腰三角形三线合一的性质得BD＝5，由勾股定理计算可得AD的长，由等腰直角三角形性质得DF＝5，最后由线段的差可得结论；（2）如图2，作辅助线，构建全等三角形，证明△CHB≌△AEF（SAS），得AE＝CH，∠AEF＝∠BHC，由等腰三角形三线合一的性质得EF＝FH，最后由勾股定理和等量代换可得结论．【解答】（1）解：如图1，∵AB＝AC，AD⊥BC，∴BD＝CD，∵BC＝10，∴BD＝5，Rt△ABD中，∵AB＝13，∴AD=√AB2−BD2=√132−52=12，Rt△BDF中，∵∠CBE＝45°，∴△BDF是等腰直角三角形，∴DF＝BD＝5，∴AF＝AD﹣DF＝12﹣5＝7；（2）证明：如图2，在BF上取一点H，使BH＝EF，连接CF、CH在△CHB和△AEF中，∵{BH=EF∠CBH=∠AFE=45°BC=AF，∴△CHB≌△AEF（SAS），∴AE＝CH，∠AEF＝∠BHC，∴∠CEF＝∠CHE，∴CE＝CH，∵BD＝CD，FD⊥BC，∴CF＝BF，∴∠CFD＝∠BFD＝45°，∴∠CFB＝90°，∴EF＝FH，Rt△CFH中，由勾股定理得：CF2+FH2＝CH2，∴BF2+EF2＝AE2．【点评】本题考查的是勾股定理，全等三角形的性质和判定，等腰三角形和等腰直角三角形的性质和判定，第二问有难度，正确作出辅助线是关键．。
24届英语八年级阶段性测试
八年级阶段性测试英语试卷(时间：70 分钟，共五大题，满分：100 分)一．阅读理解(20 小题，每小题 2 分，共 40 分)AWe do eye exercises. We wear sunglasses. We do lots of things to protect our eyes. But we usually forget another important part of our body－the ears.Ears help us hear the world. But many things, such as loud noises, can cause hearing loss (听力丧失). Once this happens, it’s hard to get your hearing back. So how can we protect our ears? Let’s take a look together.1. Why is it important to protect our ears?A. Because protecting ears is common.B. If you lose your hearing, it is hard to get it back.C. If you lose your hearing, your eyes will be influenced.D. Because ears are the windows to the soul.2. According to the article, the right ways to protect our ears are .①Keep them dry and warm.②Shake your head to get the water out of your ear after swimming.③Wear sunscreen on your ears when the wind is strong.④Protect your ears with a hat or a scarf in winter.A. ①②④B. ②③④C. ①③④D.①②③3. About cleaning ears, which of the following statement is TRUE?A. No cleaning will make the earwax go deep into your ears.B. There is no need to see the doctor if your ears hurt.C. Clean them with anything sharp.D. Ears can clean the earwax along with some dirt by themselves.4. About using headphones, how many pieces of advice are given ?A. OneB. TwoC. ThreeD. Four5. Where is the text most probably from?A. A biology paperB. A teen online classC. A health magazineD. A geography textbookBLast week, I visited my friend Pete in his new home, where he lives with his wife and daughter. Pete used to spend his holidays traveling around the world – visiting the pyramids in Egypt or scuba diving (水肺潜水) in the Caribbean. Nowadays, he prefers to spend his holidays and weekends making his house look more beautiful. Like hundreds of thousands of other British people, he’s found the joy of DIY (do it yourself) home repairs. This means that if there’s anything that needs fixing around the house, he will try to do the job himself.Pete showed me his new kitchen, which he put together himself, and his newly-painted walls. I asked him where he got the idea to do these things. He told me that his favorite source (来源) of ideas is a DIY program on TV.This got me thinking about how popular DIY programs are in the UK. Each main channel (频道) has at least one home or garden makeover show. There are even channels totally on the subject.I suppose it’s not really surprising that DIY programs are so popular. There are two common sayings in Britain –“an Englishman’s home is his castle (城堡)” and “there’s no place like home” – which show how important our houses are to us. With the social changes of the last ten years or so, many people can’t afford to buy bigger houses. So they are looking at how they can make their house better without spendinga lot of money. DIY, clearly, is the perfect choice.6. Pete usually spent his holidays ______ in the past.A. traveling around the worldB. visiting EgyptC. diving in the CaribbeanD. building a new house7. What do most British people enjoy doing nowadays?A. Finishing their work at home.B. Doing everything on their own.C. Spending their spare time at home.D. Doing the home repairs themselves.8. How did Pete manage to make his house more beautiful?A. He asked house builders for advice.B. He got help from a DIY TV program.C. He called some of his friends for help.D. He paid workers to do the house work.9. What does the underlined word “makeover” in Paragraph 3 probably means?A. 修建B. 交换C. 修饰D. 化妆10. DIY programs have become popular because ______.A. other programs are too boring to watchB. people are spending more time watching TVC. people can’t afford new houses any moreD. people are spending more time fixing their housesCDo you still hug your parents? How do you feel when you hug them? When do you need a hug the most?It was a cold November morning several years ago. My alarm clock had just gone off, but I was having trouble getting out of bed. My dad had died a few weeks before. I felt weighed down by sadness and depression.Tough and strong, my dad had worked so hard all of his life to support us. He would sometimes shout at my brothers and me, but I always knew that he loved me. Still, he had been raised (养育) in a traditional way and raised us that way too. I couldn’t remember, for example, ever being hugged by him.After my mom and grandma passed away, my dad moved into grandma's home. I was so happy to have him close by. I would often visit him and just talk with him about life. But we still seldom touched and never hugged. Finally, his own health began to rapidly fail and within a few months he left us. It was a cold morning when we had his service (追悼会), but I was too cold inside myself to feel it. I couldn't remember when we'd had our last hug.I sighed (叹气) and got out of my bed. I turned on the lights and walked into the hallway. I saw my son Jim walking down the hall to meet me. Suddenly, he opened his arms and gave me a heart-felt hug. And just as he did, I heard my dad's voice deep inside of me say, "Joey, this hug is from me!" I cried and smiled at the same time. In that moment, in the place where heart, mind, and spirit all meet, I felt loved. I felt loved by my dad. I felt loved by life.11.The writer felt down because ________________.A. he was coldB. his alarm clock didn't go offC. he had trouble getting upD. his dad had died12. What did the writer think of his father?A. Tough and strongB. Hard-workingC. Full of loveD. All of the above13. Which of the following is NOT true according to paragraph 4?A. He talked about everything with his father.B. He lived near his father.C. His father got serious health problem.D. He felt so sad in the service.14. The passage implies (暗示) that _______________.A. Kids shouldn't be raised in a traditional wayB. Parents should set good examples for childrenC. Love needs to be expressedD. Family members need to understand each other15. What's the best title for the passage?A.Sad but movedB. Sometimes people need a hugC. A father who doesn't know loveD. Missing my fatherDHow do you wake up in the morning?Have you ever set an alarm on your phone that sounds like this:beep …beep …beep? If so, the loud and unpleasant sound may make it harder for you to wake from a deep sleep in the morning. 16.A recent study says yes. The answer is music. The alarm that has a lovely melody(曲调) can help you feel more relaxed in the morning.The researchers organized 50 people to take part in the study. 17. . For example, what were the alarm sounds they liked to be woken by, how did they feel about those sounds and how did they feel when they were woken up? 18.The researchers said, “We are very surprised at the result because many of us expected a harsh (刺耳的) beeping sound to be more successful in waking up a person before.”19. The researchers explained, “Music may be more successful in reducing(减少)sleep inertia(惯性) because it has different melodies.The changes between melodies may help turn a person’s attention (注意力) to other things when he or she wakes from a sleep.”You may want to know whether there is a kind of music which is the best for waking people up. There may be.20. What's more, they also think no matter how you wake up, the volume(音量) of your alarm is also important.根据材料内容，从下面五个选项中选出能填入文中空缺处的最佳选项，使文章意思通顺，内容完整。
2014-2015学年八年级上学期阶段性测试数学试题及答案
2014－2015学年度八年级上学期阶段性测试数 学 试 卷时间120分钟 满分100分2015、1、2 一、选择题（每小题3分，共24分）1、下列运算中，正确的是（ ） A.+336x x 2x = B.()222a b a b +=+ C.()=325x x D.336x x x ⋅= 2、计算()()()+2x 1x 1x 1-+的结果是（ ）A.-2x 1B.-3x 1C.+4x 1D.-4x 1 3、下列各式可以分解因式的是 （ ） A ．()-22x y - B ．+224x 2xy y + C. 22x 4y -+ D.-22x 2xy y - 4、用尺规作角平分线的依据是 （ ） A ． SAS B ．ASA C.AAS D. SSS5、如图BC=BD ，AD=AE ，DE=CE ，∠A=36°，则∠B= （ ） A ．36° B ．45° C ．72° D ．30°6．在三角形内部，到三角形三边距离相等的点是 （ ）A ．三条中线的交点B ．三条高线交点C ．三个内角平分线交点D ．三边垂直平分线交点7．如图，在等腰△ABC 中，∠BAC=120°，DE 是AC 的垂直平分线，线段DE=1cm ，则BD 的长为 （ ）A ．6cmB ．8cmC .3cmD ．4cm8．如图，在Rt△ABC 中，∠ACB=90°，AB=2BC ，在直线BC 或AC 上取一点P ，使得△PAB 为等腰三角形，则符合条件的点P 共有） A.4个 B.5个 C.6个 D.7个二、填空题（每小题3分，共18分）9、计算：（直接写结果）()-233x 2xy ⋅ = ，()()-3x 12x 1+ = . 10、已知一个多边形的内角和等于900°，则这个多边形的边数是 ． 11.汉字“王、中、田”等都是轴对称图形，请再写出一个这样的汉字 ． 12、若x 2﹣kxy+25y 2是一个完全平方式，则k 的值是 ____ ．13、三角形周长是奇数，其中两边的长是2和5，则第三边长是 ．14、如图，在ABC 中，AP=DP ，DE=DF ，DE⊥AB 于E ，DF⊥AC 于F ，则下列结论： ①.AD 平分∠BAC；②.△BED≌△FPD；③.DP∥AB；④.DF 是PC 的垂直平分线． 其中正确的是= .（写序号）三、解答题（每小题5分，共25分）15、因式分解：322x 2x y xy ++16、先化简，再求值:)2)(2(4)84223b a b a ab b a ab -++÷-（，其中 .1,2==b a17、如图，在△ABC 中，D 是AB 上一点，DF 交AC 于点E ，DE=FE ，AE=CE ，AB 与CF 有什么位置关系？证明你的结论．18、如图，已知PB ⊥AB , PC ⊥AC ，且PB =PC ，D 是AP 上的一点，求证：CDBD =．19、已知（a+2b ）（2a+b ）=2a 2+5ab+2b 2，如图是正方形和长方形卡片（各有若干张），你能用拼图的方法说明上式吗？四、解答题（每小题6分，共18分）20、（6分）作图题（不写作法） 已知：如下图所示.①. 作出△ABC 关于y 轴对称的△A 1B 1C 1,并②. 写出△A 1B 1C 1三个顶点的坐标; ②.在x 轴上确定点P ，使PA+PC 最小．21、（6分）仔细阅读下面例题，解答问题：例题：已知二次三项式x 2﹣4x+m 有一个因式是（x+3），求另一个因式以及m 的值． 解：设另一个因式为（x+n ），得 x 2﹣4x+m=（x+3）（x+n ） 则x 2﹣4x+m=x 2+（n+3）x+3n ∴解得：n=﹣7，m=﹣21 ∴另一个因式为（x ﹣7），m 的值为﹣21 问题：仿照以上方法解答下面问题：已知二次三项式2x 2+3x ﹣k 有一个因式是（2x ﹣5），求另一个因式以及k 的值．22、（6分）D 是等边三角形内一点，DB=DA ，BP=AB ，∠DBP=∠DBC，求∠BPD 的度数．五、解答题（第1小题7分，第2小题8分，共15分）23、（7分）已知：如图所示，在A B C△和A D E △中，A B A C =，A D A E =，B A C D A E ∠=∠，且点B A D，，在同一条直线上，连接B E C D M N ，，，分别为B E C D ，的中点, 连接MNANAM,,．⑴.求证：B E C D； (4分)⑵.求证：A M N△是等腰三角形.（3分）24、（8分）数学课上，李老师出示了如下的题目：“在等边三角形ABC中，点E在AB上，点D在CB的延长线上，且ED=EC，如图，试确定线段AE与DB的大小关系，并说明理由”．小敏与同桌小聪讨论后，进行了如下解答：⑴.特殊情况，探索结论（2分）当点E为AB的中点时，如图①，确定线段AE与DB的大小关系，请你直接写出结论：AE ______ DB（填“＞”，“＜”或“=”）．⑵.特例启发，解答题目（4分）解：题目中，AE与DB的大小关系是：AE _____ DB（填“＞”，“＜”或“=”）．理由如下：如图②，过点E作EF∥BC，交AC于点F．（请你完成以下解答过程）⑶.拓展结论，设计新题（2分）在等边三角形ABC中，点E在直线AB上，点D在直线BC上，且ED=EC．若△ABC的边长为2，AE=1，求CD的长（请你直接写出结果）．参考答案一、选择题（每小题3分，共24分）1．D 2．D 3．C 4．D 5．A 6．C 7．A 8．B 二、填空题（每小题3分，共18分） 9.,3326x y 6x x 1-+-； 10. 7 ； 11．一（答案不唯一）； 12.10±；13.4或6；14. ①、③.三、解答题（每小题5分，共25分）15.略解：()()=232222x 2x y xy x x 2xy y x x y ++++=+16.略解： 原式=()2222b 2ab 4a b 4a 2ab 2a 2a b -+-=-=- 当.a 2b 1==时，原式=()-==222214312⨯⨯⨯ 17．答：AB EF 理由如下：∵在ADE 和CFE 中，,,DE FE AED CEF AE CE =∠=∠=,∴ADE ≌CFE ∴ADE F ∠=∠, ∴AB EF . 18. 略证：∵PB ⊥AB , PC ⊥AC ∴PBA PCA 90∠=∠= ∵在Rt ADE 和Rt CFE 中.PB PC PA PA == ∴ PBA ≌PCA (HL) ∴BPA CPA ∠=∠ 即BPD CPD ∠=∠ ∵在BPD 和CPD 中 ,,PB PC BPD CPD PD PD =∠=∠= ∴ BPD ≌CPD ∴BD CD = 19.由拼图可知：四、解答题（每小题6分，共18分）20．略解：①的作图如图所示111A B C 三个顶点的坐标分别为：()()()111A 12B 31C 44---，，，，，②的作图如图所示:P 就是所求作的点，此时PA+PC 最小.21.略解： 设另一个因式为()x m +，则()()+22x 3x k 2x 5x m -=-+整理：()+222x 3x k 2x 2m 5x 5m -=+--；则：2m 53k 5m -=⎧⎨=⎩解得：m 4k 20=⎧⎨=⎩. ()()222222a 2b 2a b a a 5ab b b 2a 5ab 2b S =++=++++=++矩形PA'B 1A C 122.略解：五、解答题（第23小题7分，第24小题8分，共15分） 23．略证： 24、略解： ⑴.AE DB =；⑵.AE DB =.理由：⑶.CD 3=⑴.∵BAC CAD ∠=∠ ∴BAC CAE CAD CAE ∠+∠=∠+∠ 即BAE CAD ∠=∠在BAE 和CAD 中AB ACBAE CAD AE AD =⎧⎪∠=∠⎨⎪=⎩ ∴BAE ≌CAD∴CE CD =⑵.由BAE ≌CAD 知：=12∠∠ 又∵M N 、分别为BE CD 、的中点，且CE CD = ∴BM CN = 在BAM 和BM CN 12AB AC =⎧⎪∠=∠⎨⎪=⎩∴BAM ≌CAN∴AM AN = 即AMN 是等腰三角形。
八年级阶段性测试物理试题参考答案最新修正版
八年级阶段性测试物理试题参考答案一、二、选择题答案 三、非选择题：16.（4分）米 50.0 17.（4分）振动 音调18.（4分）次声波（或次声） 固体 19.（4分）虚 3评分标准：每空2分。
按答案给分，16题第一个空填符号不得分，第二个空“写单位”或填“50”不得分；19题第二个空写单位不得分。
20.（8分，每问3分）已知：t 甲=6:00，t 乙=8:30,s 甲=400km ，s 2=s 乙=150km.v 2=100km/h 求：（1）s 1 （2） v 1 （3）t 2解：（1）s 1=s 甲-s 乙=400km-150km=250km ………………………2分（2）h km h kmt s v /1005.2250111===………………………3分（3）t 1=t 乙-t 甲=8:30-6:00=2.5h由tsv =得， h h km km v s t 5.1/100150222===………………………3分 答：（1）轿车从甲标志牌行驶到乙标志牌的距离为250km;（2）轿车从入口处行驶到乙标志牌的平均速度为100km/h ;（3）在遵守交通法规的前提下，从乙地到青岛最快所用的时间为1.5h 。
评分标准：根据以上标准得分。
不写公式不得分，只写公式不与题目中的数值对应不得分；不带单位或单位错误减1分，不带角标减1分，计算错误扣1分，不写答或代表答的语言减1分。
21.（8分，每空1分）（1）tsv（2）较缓 （3）①0.25 ②1.0 （4）不是 小车下滑过程中速度越来越快 （5）不同 相同 22.（8分，每空2分）（1）声音是由物体振动产生的 转换法（2）真空不能传声（或声音不能在真空中传播）（3）音调23.（10分，每空2分）（1）平面镜 （2）反射光线、入射光线和法线 （3）等于（4）光路是可逆的 （5）法线偏向入射光线一侧（或法线与镜面不垂直）评分标准：根据以上标准得分。
21题第（3）问带单位不得分；23第（2）问反射光线和入射光线写反了不得分；其他答案合理均得分。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
一、选择题（每题1分，共60分）(一）A型题（单项最佳选择题）答题说明：每道试题下面有5个备选答案，请从中选出一个最佳答案，在答题卡上将相应题号的相应字母涂黑。
1.肺功能正常的主要判断标准为：A.VC>80%, FEV1%>70%B.VC >85%, FEV1%>80%C.VC>80%, FEV1%>85%D.VC>90%, FEV1%>80%E.以上都不是2.以下肺阻塞性通气功能障碍的判断标准正确的是：A.FEV^/JJ显下降B.MW增力口C.VC增加D.气速指数>1.0E.以上都不是3.阻塞性肺气肿的判断标准为：A.RV/TLC%^35B.RV/TLC%^35C.RV/TLC%^36D.RV/TLC%^30E.以上都不是4.呼吸性酸中毒的血气分析可能为：A.pH7.30, PaCO250mmHgB.pH7.30, PaCO240mmHgC.pH7.40, PaCO220mmHgD.pH7.35, PaC0245mmHgE.以上都不是5.呼吸性酸中毒患者，治疗5天后好转，查血气分析为：pH7.30，PaC0248mmHg，HC03~ 27mmol/L, CFllOmmol/L, K+5mmol/L, AG为16mmol/L，可能存在以下情况：A.呼吸性酸中毒代偿+代谢性酸中毒B.呼吸性酸中毒+代谢性碱中毒C.呼吸性酸中毒失代偿D.呼吸性酸中毒失代偿+呼吸性酸中毒代偿E.以上都不是6.肺容积包括：A.潮气量+补吸气量B.补吸气量+残气量C.补呼气量+残气量D.A项+B项E.A项+C项7.肺活量包括：A.潮气量+补吸气量+补呼气量B.潮气量+补吸气量+残气量C.潮气量+补呼气量+残气量D.补吸气量+补呼气量+残气量E.以上都包括8.以下情况时补吸气量下降，但哪项除外:A.胸腔积液B.肺气肿C.胸膜粘连D.肺纤维化E.胸廓畸形9.肺气肿病人测定肺功能不出现下列哪项结果：A.肺活量增加B.最大通气量减低C.残气量增加D.肺总量增加E.残气量/肺总量增加10.正常成人的潮气容积：A.约 500mlB.约 800mlC•约 1000ml D•约 1500ml E.约 4000ml11.判断酸碱平衡调节中机体代偿性程度最重要的指标是：A.Pa02B.PaC02C.BED.HC03_E.PH12.下列哪项血气分析指标可作为肺通气功能指标：A.Pa02 (动脉血氧分压）B.C02CP (二氧化碳结合力）C.PaC02 (动脉血二氧化碳分压）D.Sa02 (动脉血氧饱和度）E. P (A-a) 〇2 (肺泡-动脉血氧分压差）13.下列哪项测定值排除了呼吸影响，最能全面反映代谢因素的改变：A.C02CPB.AB (实际碳酸氢）C.SB (标准碳酸氢）D.BE (剩余碱）E.PH14.血气分析中代表呼吸性酸碱平衡的指标是：A.PHB.HC03_C.PaC02D.BEE.AB15.代偿性代谢性酸中毒可能出现的血气分析结果是：A.AB丨，PH正常B• AB个，PH t C . A B正常，PH正常D.AB t , PH IE.AB正常，PHI16.失代偿性代谢性酸中毒的特征是：A.PH正常，HC03_丨，PaC〇2IB• PH I，HC03_t，PaC02IC.PH正常，HC03_丨，PaC02t D . PH I , HC03" i , PaC02I E. PH正常，HC03_t，P aC02t17.某患者动脉血气分析结果如下：PH7. 2 5, AB15mmol/L, SB18mmol/L , BE— 5mmol /L，PaC〇2 4kPa.可考虑为：A.代谢性酸中毒B.代谢性碱中毒C.呼吸性酸中毒D.呼吸性碱中毒E.呼吸性酸中毒合并代谢性碱中毒18.失代偿性呼吸性酸中毒时，血气分析的改变是：A.PaC02t，PH>7.40B.PaC02t, PH<7.35C.PaC02|, PH<7.35D.PaC02|, PH>7.45E . PaC02丨，PH7. 35〜7. 4519.某患者动脉血气分析结果如下：PH7. 188, HC〇3_27. 6mmol/L, BE-5mmol/L, PaC〇29. 9kPa。
可考虑为：A.代谢性酸中毒B.呼吸性酸中毒C.呼吸性酸中毒合并代谢性酸中毒D.代谢性碱中毒E.呼吸性酸中毒合并代谢性碱中毒20.机体酸碱平衡调节中的化学缓冲系统中最重要的缓冲系为：A.Na-蛋白质/H-蛋白质B.KHb/HHbC.KHb02/HHb02D.NaHC03/H2C03E.NaHP04/NaH2P0421.上消化道内镜检查下列哪项不适进行：A.上消化道出血B.溃疡病C.萎缩性胃炎D.食道肿瘤E.腐蚀性胃炎22.纤维支气管镜检查的禁忌症是：A.严重肺功能不全B .略血C.阻塞性肺炎或肺不张D.胸腔积液E.上腔静脉阻塞综合征23.纤维支气管检查的适应症是：A.略血B.严重器质性心脏病C.^热D.高血压E.疑有主动脉瘤患者24.—患者在进行纤维胃镜检查时感恶心、难受，此时应该：A.拔出纤维胃镜重做B.让患者作深呼吸以减轻不适C.告知患者不适合做此项检查D.让患者改变体位E.让患者随口腔唾液作咽下动作25.诊断慢性胃炎最可靠的方法是：A.病史和临床表现B.纤维胃镜检查C .胃液分析D.胃肠钡餐检查E.血清抗体检查26.下列哪个部位不是结肠镜检查的范围：A•乙状结肠B.降结肠C•空肠D.升结肠E.末段回肠27.皮革胃见于：A.浅表性胃炎B.萎缩性胃炎C.肥厚性胃炎D.早期胃癌E.进展期胃癌28.以下哪项不是下消化道内镜的适应症：A.结肠癌普查B.急性弥漫性腹膜炎C.结肠息肉摘除D.下消化道出血的止血治疗E.原因不明的低位肠梗阻29.关于结肠镜检查术前准备注意事项，下列说法错误的是：A.术前进低脂、少渣的半流质饮食1〜2天B.清洁肠道多采用液体石蜡C.为减少检查过程中胃肠蠕动和痉挛，术前10分钟可肌注阿托品D.精神过度紧张者，可肌注地西泮10mgE.禁忌使用肥皂水灌肠30.下列属于膀腕镜检查禁忌症的是：A.血尿的病因诊断B.取出膀胱内异物C.膀胱出血的止血治疗D.急性膀胱炎E.输尿管口狭窄的治疗31.下列除哪项外均为输尿管镜检查的适应症：A.输尿管结石的治疗B.怀疑输尿管有先天性畸形C.严重出血性疾病D.单侧肉眼血尿的检查E.尿路逆行造影32.宫腔镜检查的时间最好选择在：A .月经前5天B.月经干净后5天C.排卵前5天D.排卵后5天E.以上都不对33.宫腔镜检查过程中如出现心脑综合征，下列处理错误的是：A.立即平卧B•吸氧C.静脉输液D.皮下注射阿托品E.口服普萘洛尔34.阴道镜检查过程中，为显示病灶，常在子宫颈及上段阴道涂抹：A.醋酸溶液B•酒精C.甲醛D.碘酒E.生理盐水35.阴道镜检查中发现异型血管提示：A.不典型增生B.癌变C •炎症D.HPV感染E.正常36.阴道镜检查中局部粘膜涂醋酸后出现白色上皮提示：A.不典型增生B.癌变C •炎症D.HPV感染E.正常37.世界上研制出第一台胃镜的是：A. BozziniB . KussmaulC.WolfD . Schindle E . Hirchowz38.胃镜检查前准备，下列说法错误的是：A.术前应禁食8小时B.有幽门梗阻者，检查前先洗胃C.精神过度紧张者，可肌注地西泮D.做过钡餐检查者，应在检查后2〜3小时再行胃镜检查E.检查前吞服麻醉去泡糊剂39.结肠镜检查时，发现粘膜下血管为鲜红色树枝状分枝，主干较粗分枝逐渐变得纤细，提不：A.肠结核B.溃疡性结肠炎C.正常D.结肠癌E• Crohn病40.输尿管镜取石后放置内支架的时间一般为：A • 3天B. 5天C .不超过1周D.半个月E.半个月以上(二）B型题（标准配伍题）答题说明：以下提供若干组考题，每组题在考题前有5个共用备选题，请从中选出一个与问题关系最密切的答案，涂在答题卡上。
某个备选答案可能被选一次、多次或不被选择。
C.判断肺通气状态指标41-43题共选题干D .反映组织缺氧指标A.判断缺02及程度指标E.反映代谢因素改变指标B.反映肺换气功能指标41. PV02 (混合静脉血氧分压）：C . WolfD . P antaleoniE . Hirchowz52. 最早提出内镜设想的是： 53. 制成第一台纤维胃镜的是：54. 第一个应用宫腔镜进行检查的是: 55-57题共选题干 A. 胃镜检查 B. 结肠镜检查 C. 十二指肠镜检查 D. 小肠镜检查 E. 食道镜检查 55. 梗阻性黄疸: 56. 上消化道出血： 57. 便血：58-60题共选题干 A. 好发于回盲部B. 病变以左半侧结肠多见C. 好发于回肠末段D. 好发于直肠和乙状结肠E. 病变以右半侧结肠多见 58. 结肠癌: 59. 肠结核:60. 克罗恩（Crohn )病42. PC (A -a ) 〇2 (肺泡-动脉血氧分压差）：43. Pa 〇2：44-47题共选题干 A .血PH 值 B . Pa 02C. PaC 02D. 碱剩余 E . P 5 044. 衡量肺泡通气量： 45. 判断早期缺氧： 46. 反映血液酸碱度： 47. 判断代谢性酸碱失衡： 48-51题共选题干A. VT+IRVB. VT+IRV + ERVC. RV+ERVD. VT+IRV + ERV+RVE.V T X f48. 肺活量： 49. 肺总量: 50. 功能残气量: 51. 深吸气量：52-54题共选题干A .Bozzini B•Kussmaul二、 名词解释（每题4分，共20分） 1. 肺容积 2. 剩余碱3. 每分钟静息通气量4. 恶性溃疡5. 异型血管 三、 填空题（每空1分，共10分） 1•肺活量包括 _______ 、 ________ 、 ____2. ___________________________________________________ II 型呼吸衰竭患者，其血液气体分析检查结果为Pa 02 _______________________________ ，PaCO :3. _________________________ 上消化道内镜检查包括 、 、 的检查。
4. ____________________________ 纤维支气管镜检查主要用于 和 疾病的诊断和治疗。
四、 问答题（每题5分，共10分）1. 简述通气功能障碍的类型、特点及其区别。
2. 简述胃镜检查的适应症。
阶段性测试（八）参考答案一、选择题（每题1分，共60分） (一） A 型题（单项最佳选择题）答题说明：每道试题下面有5个备选答案，请从中选出一个最佳答案，在答题卡上将相应 题号的相应字母涂黑。