古代官职的中英翻译
古代官职名称汇总解译
古代官职名称汇总解译古代官职名称汇总解译古代官职名称汇总解译尹——官名，商代西周辅弼官。
巫——官名，商代掌管占卜、祭祀；后来亦作医官。
卿——官名，属于朝廷执政官秦汉两代有九卿即太常、光禄勋、卫尉、廷尉、太仆、大鸿胪、宗正、大司农、少府。
史——官名，商代设置的官职，管宗教、占卜、祭祀等史官。
卜——官名，商代设置，掌管占卜吉凶、主持祭祀，朝中官。
射——官名，商代设置掌管部分军事常督领族众守边或征伐。
太师——官名，司职略有不同是辅佐国君的官；历代沿袭以太师、太傅、太保为三公，皆为中央参与朝政辅君之官。
太保——官名，西周辅佐国君的文职官员历代沿用。
三事——官名，亦称‘三事大夫’，‘常伯大夫、常任大夫准大夫合称’。
常伯为管民事之官，时称牧民之官，故称牧。
常任替朝廷选官之官。
故称任人。
准夫为执常司法之官亦称准人。
后也有说三事为三司即司徒、司马、司空。
六太——官名：太宰、太宗、太士、太史、太祝、太卜。
太宰——官名。
西州设立管理王室的财产和奴隶的官。
太宗——官名。
西周设立官理贵族事务的官；又称作大（TAI）宗。
太士——官名。
西周管理司法的官。
太史——西周管理君王册命祭奠的官。
太祝——官名。
管理祈祷祭祀天神的官。
太卜——官名。
西周设置为卜之官员之长。
司徒——官名。
管理土地和耕作的官员。
司空——官名。
掌管工程和百姓职事的官。
司马——官名。
管军事的官。
司寇——官名。
管理刑狱纠察的官。
虞——官名。
西周管理山泽之官。
六官——官名合称，周制，天官荒丘宰，地官司徒，春官宗伯夏官司马，秋官司寇，冬官司空，合成为六官或六卿。
分掌朝政。
左徒——官名战国楚国设置，参政议政辅王颁布命令处理外事。
相国——官名。
百官之长亦称相国丞相等。
将军——官名。
春秋时晋卿的称号。
尉——官名。
战国时秦置廷尉掌管司法；汉景帝改称为大理由北齐沿用至明清。
太仆——官名。
管理王宫车马的官，秦时为九卿之一。
令尹——官名。
春秋战国楚国的最高官职。
掌管军政大权。
三闾大夫——官名。
古代官名词汇英译
御前大臣 grand minister in attendance
经筵官 participant in the classics colloquium
录事司 Administration Office
翰林(侍读)学士 awaiting/ studying Hanlin Academician
(南)御史台椽(院？) the (south) Censorate
参知政事 assistant administrator
兵部郎中director of the Bureau of Military of War
(燕南)宪司经历 registrar of Judicial Commission(SONG) the Surveillance Commission(in YUAN)
户部尚书 Ministry of Revenue
吏部尚书 Ministry of Personnel
理藩院尚书 Ministry of the Court of Clonial Affairs
兵部尚书minister of war
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丞相 grand councilor ; counselor-in-chief
平章政事 manager of governmental affairs
昭文馆大学士grand academician of the Institute for the Glorification of Literature
荣禄大夫 grand master for glorious happiness
驻藏大臣 grand minister resident of Tibet
古代官职及解释
古代官职及解释近来古装戏特别受大家的欢迎，但是里面的官职太过于多，像什么太守，刺史，太尉啊，一些不熟悉历史的读者可能就不太明白是什么意思，下面就由店铺为你整理的古代官职及解释，欢迎阅读古代官职及解释丞相：秦、汉时期定的制度。
以丞相为辅佐皇帝的最重政务长官，与太尉、御史大夫地位略等。
汉代初期有时置左右丞相各一人。
一般只置一人，不分左右。
明初亦说左右丞相，不久即废，此后不再有丞相之名。
中书令：汉武帝时以宦官充任，职掌传宣诏令。
曹丕即位后设中书监及中书令，监令同等，其权任相当于宰相，习惯上监在令前。
隋、唐以后，中书监废止，只存中书令。
中书监：魏时曹丕即位后所设，与中书令同等权位。
中书省：魏晋以后，尚书令之权被中书监、中书令所代，开始以中书省为中央总机构。
至梁、陈时，中书省内部事务官中有中书舍人五人，领主事十人，书吏二百人。
中书舍人：唐、宋时中书舍人是相当尊贵的官职。
明代设中书科中书舍人，仅掌书写诰敕等事，官阶从七品。
开始名为中书省直省舍人，后固中书省废而改称中书科中书舍人。
中书舍人不为人重视，仅作为外观装点而已。
其中有以工书得名实际担任缮写者，清仍其制，一般称中书科中书，是无是轻者之官。
秘书令：汉末曹操为魏王，初置秘书令，掌机要文书。
曹丕即位后，改为中书监和中书令。
主书：战国时魏国为国君保各种文字资料的人员。
御史大夫：秦朝时负责监察百官，代表帝接受百官奏事，管理国家重要图册、典籍，代朝廷起草诏命文书等。
西汉时，御史大夫与丞相、太尉合称三公。
丞相缺位时，往往由御史大夫递补。
晋以后御史大夫不再负责文书工作。
令史：汉代郎以下负责文书工作的官职。
分：兰台令史、尚书令史。
隋：唐以后，令史变为三省、六部御史台低级事务员的称谓。
宰相：封建时代“宰相为君主之幕僚长。
”相当于现在的秘书长。
谏议大夫：西汉时称秘书工作人员的谏大夫。
东汉时改称谏议大夫。
隋、唐时录属于门下省，职责是侍从和规谏。
宋代设谏院，辽金沿置，明代废除。
清代官职的中英翻译
Çå´ú¹ÙÖ°µÄÖÐÓ¢·-Ò븮ѧÉúÔ± Prefectural School / government studentÄÚ¸ó(´ó)ѧʿ (grand) secretary of the Grand SecretariatÖÐÏÜ´ó·ò grand master exemplar¾ü»ú´ó³¼ grand minister of stateÈÙ»´ó·ò grand master for glorious happinessפ²Ø´ó³¼ grand minister resident of TibetÌ«Ê· grand scribe (da-shi); grand astrologer (tai-shi-ling);ÒÁÀ罫¾ü general of Yili±ø²¿Ô±ÍâÀÉ vice director of Bureau of Military Personnel;ºþ¹ã×ܶ½ governor-general of Hu-GuangÖ±Á¥ºò²¹Öª¸® reserve prefect of a superior prefecture¿âÂ×°ìÊÂ´ó³¼ grand minister superintendent of KULUNÌ«ÊØ prefect(ÖªÖÝ¡¢Öª¸®)ÓùÇ°´ó³¼ grand minister in attendance¾-óÛ¹Ù participant in the classics colloquium¼ÊÂ˾ Administration Officeº²ÁÖ(Ê̶Á)ѧʿ awaiting/ studying Hanlin Academician(ÄÏ)Óùʷ̨´ª(Ôº£¿) the (south) Censorate²ÎÖªÕþÊ assistant administratorÑàÄÏÏÜ˾ÕÕÄ¥Ãöº£ÏÜ˾֪ʱø²¿ÀÉÖÐdirector of the Bureau of Military of War(ÑàÄÏ)ÏÜ˾¾-Àú registrar of Judicial Commission(SONG) the Surveillance Commission(in YUAN)(ÈȺÓ)±ø±¸µÀ Military Defense CircuitÐã²Å scholar; skilful writer¾ÙÈË provincial graduate¼À¾Æ libationer; chancellor½øÊ¿ metropolitan graduate(ÑàÄϺӱ±µÀ)ÌáÐÌjudicial commissioner·â½®´óÀô provincial magnate°´²ì¸±Ê¹ vice surveillance commissioner·-ÒëÉúÔ± translation studentº²ÁÖѧʿ Hanlin AcademicianÀí·ªÔº court of Colonial Affairs±ÊÌûʽ clerkØ©Ïà grand councilor counselor-in-chiefƽÕÂÕþÊ manager of governmental affairsÕÑÎĹݴóѧʿgrand academician of the Institute for the Glorification of Literature ƽÕ¾ü¹ú´óÊÂmanager of important national security mattersÖÐØ©Ê vice-manager of important national security mattersÐ̲¿ÉÐÊéministry of Justice¹¤²¿ÉÐÊé ministry of Works»§²¿ÉÐÊé Ministry of RevenueÀô²¿ÉÐÊé Ministry of PersonnelÀí·ªÔºÉÐÊé Ministry of the Court of Clonial Affairs ±ø²¿ÉÐÊéminister of war。
古今官衔职称的翻译
古今官衔职称的翻译集团文件发布号：（9816-UATWW-MWUB-WUNN-INNUL-DQQTY-现代官衔职称的翻译1 正职头衔翻译法1) 用chief表示的职衔总司令 Commander-in-chief总编辑 Editor-in-chief总参谋长 Chief of General Staff 总工程师 Chief Engineer总会计师 Chief Account总建筑师 Chief Architect总裁判 Chief Referee图书馆馆长 Chief Librarian首席法官 Chief Judge检察长 Chief Procurator（Procurator ate 检察院）总裁/首席执行官 Chief Executive Officer（CEO）首席财务官 Chief Financial Officer（CFO）首席记者 Chief Correspondent首席谈判代表 Chief Negotiator部 Ministry司厅/局/处/科长 Chief/Head of theDepartment/Bureau/Division/Section县/区/乡/镇长 Country/District/Township/Town Chief/Head 2) 用general表示的职衔总书记 General Secretary检察长 Procurator-general审计长 Auditor-general秘书长 Secretary-general总领事 Consul-general（consulate 领事馆/ambassador 大使/embassy 大使馆）总经理 General Manager3) 用head来表示的职衔总教练 Head Coach总厨 Head Chef护士长 Head Nurse村长 Village Head列车长 Head of a Train Crew4) 用president表示的职衔国家主席 President中国科学院院长 President of the Chinese Academy of Science最高人民法院院长President of the Supreme People’s Court（大学）校长 President中国人民银行行长President/Governor of the Chinese People’s Bank协会/学会/理事会会长 President of anassociation/society/council5) 用chairman表示的职衔人大常委会委员长 NPC Chairman政治协商会议主席 CPPCC Chairman中央军委主席 Chairman of the Central Military Commission政党主席 Chairman of a Political Party公司董事长 Chairman of the Board of Directors大学系主任 Chairman/Dean/Head of a department6) 用director表示的职衔总政治部主任 Director of the General Political Department办公厅主任 Director of the General Office亚洲司司长 Director of the Department of Asian Affairs人民日报社社长Director of the People’s Daily编译局局长 Director of the Compilation and Translation Bureau研究所所长 Director of a research institute 博物馆馆长 Director of a museum7) 用commissioner表示的职衔行/公署专员 Commissioner自治州州长 Commissioner公安局局长 Police Commissioner8) 用commander表示的职衔执行主席 Executive Chairman行政/执行秘书 Executive Secretary9) 用senior表示的职衔高级工程师 Senior Engineer高级编辑 Senior Editor高级讲师 Senior Lecturer10) 用executive表示的职衔执行主席 Executive Chairman执行秘书 Executive Secretary11) 其他总理 Premier（中）；Prime Minister国务委员 State Councilor（State Council 国务院）部长 Minister省长 Provincial Governor顾问 Advisor2 副职头衔翻译法1) 与前缀vice搭配的头衔（president, premier, chairman, minister, governor…）副主席 Vice Chairman副总理 Vice Premier副部长 Vice Minister副领事 Vice Consul副省长 Vice Governor副校长 Vice Principal2) 与前缀Deputy搭配的职衔（chief, head, mayor, director）副市长 Deputy/Vice Mayor副书记 Deputy Secretary副秘书长 Deputy Secretary-general副检察长 Deputy Chief Procurator副参谋长 Deputy Chief of Staff副处/科长 Deputy Division/Section Chief3) 与前缀Associate搭配的职衔副教授 Associate Professor副研究员 Associate Research Fellow3 “兼”“代理”“名誉”的翻译方法1) “兼”的翻译方法：在主职和兼职之间加上and concurrently上海市委书记兼市长 Party Secretary and Concurrently Mayor of Shanghai2) “代理”用acting代主席 Acting President3) “名誉”有时用honorary，有时用emeritus（荣誉退休的）名誉主席 Honorary Chairman名誉校长 Emeritus President中国古代官职1品到5品翻译一品丞相the Prime Minister相国the Premier大司马Great Minister of War大将军Great General大都督Commander in Chief太尉Grand Commandant太傅Grand Preceptor大司空Great Minister of Public Works大司徒the Chief Minister of the Interior二品骠骑将军General of the Flying Cavalry车骑将军General of Chariots and Cavalry镇东大将军Great General Who Guards the East 镇南大将军Great General Who Guards the South 镇西大将军Great General Who Guards the West 镇北大将军Great General Who Guards the North 征东大将军Great General Who Assails the East 征南大将军Great General Who Assails the South 征西大将军Great General Who Assails the West 征北大将军Great General Who Assails the North 光禄大夫Imperial Minister of State卫将军General of Martial Might中军大将军Great General of the Central Army 上军大将军Great General of the Upper Army三品光禄勋Chief of Palace Administration太常Master of Ceremony尚书令Chief of Secretariat执金吾Chief of the Capital Guard安东将军General Who Stabilizes the East安南将军General Who Stabilizes the South安西将军General Who Stabilizes the West安北将军General Who Stabilizes the North平北将军General Who Pacifies the North平东将军General Who Pacifies the East平南将军General Who Pacifies the South平西将军General Who Pacifies the West前将军General of the Forward Army后将军General of the Rear左将军General of the Left右将军General of the Right中领军Commandant of the Central Army四品御史中丞Imperial Minister中坚将军General Who is the Core of the Army骁骑将军General of Valiant Cavalry游击将军General of Guerrilla Warfare积弩将军General in Charge of the Production of Crossbows 积射将军General in Charge of the Production of Bows城门校尉Commander Who Guards Gate典军中郎将Chief Imperial Corps Commander积弩都尉Commandant in Charge of the Production of Crossbows 持节都尉Commandant Who Holds Tallies副军中郎将Deputy Imperial Corps Commander典铠都尉Commandant in Charge of Amors抚军中郎将 Imperial Corps Commander Who Uplifts the Army武卫中郎将Imperial Corps Commander of the Military Guard五品符节令 Officer in Charge of Tallies鹰扬将军General Who D isplays Owl’s Might折冲将军General Who Oppresses the Enemy with Ferocity伏波将军General Who Overcomes Adversity破虏将军General Who Eliminates Barbarians横海将军General Who Crosses the Ocean楼船将军General in Charge of Navy复土将军General Who Restores Territory牙门将军Garrison Commander偏将军Assistant General裨将军Deputy General。
中国古今官衔职称的翻译
现代官衔职称的翻译1 正职头衔翻译法1) 用chief表示的职衔总司令Commander-in-chief总编辑Editor-in-chief总参谋长Chief of General Staff总工程师Chief Engineer总会计师Chief Account总建筑师Chief Architect总裁判Chief Referee图书馆馆长Chief Librarian首席法官Chief Judge检察长Chief Procurator（Procurator ate 检察院）总裁/首席执行官Chief Executive Officer（CEO）首席财务官Chief Financial Officer（CFO）首席记者Chief Correspondent首席谈判代表Chief Negotiator部Ministry司厅/局/处/科长Chief/Head of the Department/Bureau/Division/Section 县/区/乡/镇长Country/District/Township/Town Chief/Head2) 用general表示的职衔总书记General Secretary检察长Procurator-general审计长Auditor-general秘书长Secretary-general总领事Consul-general（consulate 领事馆/ambassador 大使/embassy 大使馆）总经理General Manager3) 用head来表示的职衔总教练Head Coach总厨Head Chef护士长Head Nurse村长Village Head列车长Head of a Train Crew4) 用president表示的职衔国家主席President中国科学院院长President of the Chinese Academy of Science最高人民法院院长President of the Supreme People’s Court（大学）校长President中国人民银行行长President/Governor of the Chinese People’s Bank协会/学会/理事会会长President of an association/society/council5) 用chairman表示的职衔人大常委会委员长NPC Chairman政治协商会议主席CPPCC Chairman中央军委主席Chairman of the Central Military Commission政党主席Chairman of a Political Party公司董事长Chairman of the Board of Directors大学系主任Chairman/Dean/Head of a department6) 用director表示的职衔总政治部主任Director of the General Political Department办公厅主任Director of the General Office亚洲司司长Director of the Department of Asian Affairs人民日报社社长Director of the People’s Daily编译局局长Director of the Compilation and Translation Bureau 研究所所长Director of a research institute博物馆馆长Director of a museum7) 用commissioner表示的职衔行/公署专员Commissioner自治州州长Commissioner公安局局长Police Commissioner8) 用commander表示的职衔执行主席Executive Chairman行政/执行秘书Executive Secretary9) 用senior表示的职衔高级工程师Senior Engineer高级编辑Senior Editor高级讲师Senior Lecturer10) 用executive表示的职衔执行主席Executive Chairman执行秘书Executive Secretary11) 其他总理Premier（中）；Prime Minister国务委员State Councilor（State Council 国务院）部长Minister省长Provincial Governor顾问Advisor2 副职头衔翻译法1) 与前缀vice搭配的头衔（president, premier, chairman, minister, governor…）副主席Vice Chairman副总理Vice Premier副部长Vice Minister副领事Vice Consul副省长Vice Governor副校长Vice Principal2) 与前缀Deputy搭配的职衔（chief, head, mayor, director）副市长Deputy/Vice Mayor副书记Deputy Secretary副秘书长Deputy Secretary-general副检察长Deputy Chief Procurator副参谋长Deputy Chief of Staff副处/科长Deputy Division/Section Chief3) 与前缀Associate搭配的职衔副教授Associate Professor副研究员Associate Research Fellow3 “兼”“代理”“名誉”的翻译方法1) “兼”的翻译方法：在主职和兼职之间加上and concurrently上海市委书记兼市长Party Secretary and Concurrently Mayor of Shanghai 2) “代理”用acting代主席Acting President3) “名誉”有时用honorary，有时用emeritus（荣誉退休的）名誉主席Honorary Chairman名誉校长Emeritus President中国古代官职1品到5品翻译一品丞相the Prime Minister相国the Premier大司马Great Minister of War大将军Great General大都督Commander in Chief太尉Grand Commandant太傅Grand Preceptor大司空Great Minister of Public Works大司徒the Chief Minister of the Interior二品骠骑将军General of the Flying Cavalry车骑将军General of Chariots and Cavalry镇东大将军Great General Who Guards the East镇南大将军Great General Who Guards the South镇西大将军Great General Who Guards the West镇北大将军Great General Who Guards the North征东大将军Great General Who Assails the East征南大将军Great General Who Assails the South征西大将军Great General Who Assails the West征北大将军Great General Who Assails the North光禄大夫Imperial Minister of State卫将军General of Martial Might中军大将军Great General of the Central Army上军大将军Great General of the Upper Army三品光禄勋Chief of Palace Administration太常Master of Ceremony尚书令Chief of Secretariat执金吾Chief of the Capital Guard安东将军General Who Stabilizes the East安南将军General Who Stabilizes the South安西将军General Who Stabilizes the West安北将军General Who Stabilizes the North平北将军General Who Pacifies the North平东将军General Who Pacifies the East平南将军General Who Pacifies the South平西将军General Who Pacifies the West前将军General of the Forward Army后将军General of the Rear左将军General of the Left右将军General of the Right中领军Commandant of the Central Army四品御史中丞Imperial Minister中坚将军General Who is the Core of the Army骁骑将军General of Valiant Cavalry游击将军General of Guerrilla Warfare积弩将军General in Charge of the Production of Crossbows积射将军General in Charge of the Production of Bows城门校尉Commander Who Guards Gate典军中郎将Chief Imperial Corps Commander积弩都尉Commandant in Charge of the Production of Crossbows 持节都尉Commandant Who Holds Tallies副军中郎将Deputy Imperial Corps Commander典铠都尉Commandant in Charge of Amors抚军中郎将Imperial Corps Commander Who Uplifts the Army 武卫中郎将Imperial Corps Commander of the Military Guard五品符节令Officer in Charge of Tallies鹰扬将军General Who Displays Owl’s Might折冲将军General Who Oppresses the Enemy with Ferocity伏波将军General Who Overcomes Adversity破虏将军General Who Eliminates Barbarians横海将军General Who Crosses the Ocean楼船将军General in Charge of Navy复土将军General Who Restores Territory牙门将军Garrison Commander偏将军Assistant General裨将军Deputy General。
中国古代官职(一品~五品)中英对照
丞相the Prime Minister相国the Premier大司马Great Minister of War大将军Great General大都督Commander in Chief太尉Grand Commandant太傅Grand Preceptor大司空Great Minister of Public Works大司徒the Chief Minister of the Interior二品骠骑将军General of the Flying Cavalry车骑将军General of Chariots and Cavalry镇东大将军Great General Who Guards the East 镇南大将军Great General Who Guards the South 镇西大将军Great General Who Guards the West 镇北大将军Great General Who Guards the North 征东大将军Great General Who Assails the East 征南大将军Great General Who Assails the South 征西大将军Great General Who Assails the West 征北大将军Great General Who Assails the North 光禄大夫Imperial Minister of State卫将军General of Martial Might中军大将军Great General of the Central Army上军大将军Great General of the Upper Army三品光禄勋Chief of Palace Administration太常Master of Ceremony尚书令Chief of Secretariat执金吾Chief of the Capital Guard安东将军General Who Stabilizes the East安南将军General Who Stabilizes the South安西将军General Who Stabilizes the West安北将军General Who Stabilizes the North平北将军General Who Pacifies the North平东将军General Who Pacifies the East平南将军General Who Pacifies the South平西将军General Who Pacifies the West前将军General of the Forward Army后将军General of the Rear左将军General of the Left右将军General of the Right中领军Commandant of the Central Army御史中丞Imperial Minister中坚将军General Who is the Core of the Army骁骑将军General of Valiant Cavalry游击将军General of Guerrilla Warfare积弩将军General in Charge of the Production of Crossbows积射将军General in Charge of the Production of Bows城门校尉Commander Who Guards Gate典军中郎将Chief Imperial Corps Commander积弩都尉Commandant in Charge of the Production of Crossbows 持节都尉Commandant Who Holds Tallies副军中郎将Deputy Imperial Corps Commander典铠都尉Commandant in Charge of Amors抚军中郎将Imperial Corps Commander Who Uplifts the Army武卫中郎将Imperial Corps Commander of the Military Guard五品符节令Officer in Charge of Tallies鹰扬将军General Who Displays Owl’s Might折冲将军General Who Oppresses the Enemy with Ferocity伏波将军General Who Overcomes Adversity破虏将军General Who Eliminates Barbarians横海将军General Who Crosses the Ocean楼船将军General in Charge of Navy复土将军General Who Restores Territory牙门将军Garrison Commander偏将军Assistant General裨将军Deputy General。
五花八门的中文头衔如何翻译成英语
五花八门的中文头衔如何翻译成英语中文有许多丰富多样的头衔，可以描述一个人的身份、职位、能力、地位等等。
这些头衔非常具有文化上的特点，而其中的一些头衔在英语中没有直接对应的翻译。
因此，将这些中文头衔翻译成英语需要一定的灵活性和创造力。
本文将探讨一些常见的中文头衔，并提供它们在英语中的可能翻译。
1.官职头衔中国历史上有许多官职头衔，大多数在现代英语中已经不存在对应的称谓。
然而，一些比较具有代表性的官职头衔可以用英语来概括，如下所示：- 皇帝(Huángdì) - Emperor- 太后(Tàihòu) - Empress Dowager- 太子(Tàizǐ) - Crown Prince- 皇后(Huánghòu) - Empress- 王爷(Wángyé) - Prince- 公主(Gōngzhǔ) - Princess- 将军(Jiāngjūn) - General- 大臣(Dàchén) - Minister这些官职头衔的翻译可以根据特定的历史时期和背景进行调整。
2.学术头衔学术头衔在中文中用于描述一人在学术领域的职位、荣誉和资格。
以下是一些在中英两种语言中常见的学术头衔及其对应的翻译：- 教授(Jiàoshòu) - Professor- 副教授(Fùjiàoshòu) - Associate Professor- 博士(Bóshì) - Doctor- 博士后(Bóshìhòu) - Postdoctoral Fellow- 研究员(Yánjiūyuán) - Researcher- 教育家(Jiàoyùjiā) - Educator- 院士(Yuànshì) - Academician- 进士(Jìnshì) - Jinshi Degree Holder (a title in ancient China)3.荣誉头衔荣誉头衔通常是用于表示尊重和认可，给予个人或组织的特殊称号。
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古代官职的中英翻译
府学生员Prefectural School / government student
内阁(大)学士(grand) secretary of the Grand Secretariat
中宪大夫grand master exemplar
荣禄大夫grand master for glorious happiness
军机大臣grand minister of state
驻藏大臣grand minister resident of Tibet
伊犁将军general of Yili
兵部员外郎vice director of Bureau of Military Personnel;
湖广总督governor-general of Hu-Guang
直隶候补知府reserve prefect of a superior prefecture
库伦办事大臣grand minister superintendent of KULUN
太守prefect(知州、知府)
御前大臣grand minister in attendance
经筵官participant in the classics colloquium
录事司Administration Office
翰林(侍读)学士awaiting/ studying Hanlin Academician
参知政事assistant administrator
兵部郎中director of the Bureau of Military of War
秀才scholar; skilful writer
举人provincial graduate
进士metropolitan graduate
封疆大吏provincial magnate
按察副使vice surveillance commissioner
翻译生员translation student
翰林学士Hanlin Academician
笔帖式clerk
丞相grand councilor counselor-in-chief
平章政事manager of governmental affairs
昭文馆大学士grand academician of the Institute for the Glorification of Literature 平章军国大事manager of important national security matters
中丞事vice-manager of important national security matters
刑部尚书ministry of Justice
工部尚书ministry of Works
户部尚书Ministry of Revenue
吏部尚书Ministry of Personnel
理藩院尚书Ministry of the Court of Clonial Affairs
兵部尚书minister of war。