英语语法----介词Preposition(Prep.)

英语语法----介词Preposition（Prep.）一、定义：用在n.（或相当于n.的其它词类、短语或从句）之前，说明其与句子中另一成分的关系的词，又称前置词。

二、分类：3种1．简单介词（simple prepositions）e.g. about, above, behind, besides, down, during, in, near, round, since, towards, with2．复合介词（compound prepositions）e.g. from among, from behind, from under, inside, outside, within, without, into, onto, out of, upon, throughout3．短语介词（phrasal prepositions）e.g. according to, apart from（除……之外）, as a result of, as for/to（至于，关于）,because of, due to（由于）, in addition to（除……之外，不但= besides, in front of,in spite of(尽管), instead of, owing to（由于）三、常见简单介词的基本用法1.about 1)关于，有关e.g.i have not heard so much ~ him. i don’t know what you’re talking ~. 2）差不多，大约e.g.about 500 ss attended the lecture. about when will you go abroad?3）表示地点：在周围，在附近，各处，到处e.g.trees are planted ~ the lake.they live somewhere~ the people’s square.don’t leave your books~ your desk. i haven’t any small change ~/on me.4）“即将”（近期将来）e.g.the film is ~ to begin. it’s nearly 7:00. the train is ~ to leave.2.above 1）在……上方e.g.a bird is flying above the woods. there is a portrait above the blackboard. 2）（在数量上）超过e.g.the man is not yet forty, but well ~thirty.the number of new ss this year is ~four hundred.3）（能力等）胜过，超越；因太困难、太好而不……e.g.the problem is ~ me. （这问题太难我不懂。

）john is ~ all the other ss in mathematics.3.across 1）在……对面/对过e.g.my uncle lives ~ my home. there is a bookshop ~ the street.2）横越，横过e.g.the little girl helped the blind man ~ the river.the tall tree fell down ~ the street.3）经过……e.g.the revolution developed across the whole century.共19页，当前第1页123456789101112131415161718194.after 1）在……后（时间）e.g.after work/class, we went home except him.the day ~ tomorrow we will go to shanghai.2）在……的后面（顺序）e.g.please shut/ close the door after/behind you.3）仿照，按照（引申意义）e.g.read after me , please. rewrite the following sentences ~ the model.a new church will be built ~the old one.4）追求（引申意义）e.g.what are you after? oh, here is the thing i’m after.if you run ~ two hares, you’ll catch neither.5）固定词组：e.g.after all look after = take care of5.against 1）靠，倚，碰e.g.the rain was beating~ the windows. he put the ladder against the wall. he was leaning ~the window, reading. the man saw a hare run ~ a tree. 2）反对，禁止（引申意义）e.g.we are for peace and ~war. is there anybody ~ the suggestion?3）违反，违背（引申意义）e.g.this sentence is ~grammar.in the old days girls were married ~ their own will.nobody should do anything ~the law.4）顶着，对着e.g.we played the first half （上半场）~ the wind.learning is like sailing a boat ~ the current(气流).治学如同逆水行舟。

5）防备，准备（引申意义）e.g.they saved fire wood（干柴）~ winter. man is fighting a battle ~ pollution.6.along 顺着，沿着e.g.trees are planted ~ the street.walking ~ nanjing road yesterday, i met an old friend of mine.7.among 在……当中/中间≥3 e.g.xiao sun is the best one ~ his classmates. the teacher is sitting~ the ss.共19页，当前第2页123456789101112131415161718198.around 1）在……的周围，围绕e.g.she wears a necklace/watch ~ her neck/wrist.the earth turns /goes/ travels ~ the sun.2）在……各处e.g.he did a lot of travel ~ the country during the summer holidays.we showed our japanese friends ~ our school.3）大约（时间、数量）e.g.around / about thirty years old a big elephant may weigh ~five tons. 4）在……那边e.g.there is a school shop ~ the school library.around the corner of the street, you’ll see a second-hand bookshop.（旧书店）9.at 1）表示时间、地点、价钱、速度、年龄e.g.at ten o’clock at the school at the age of 40at (a speed of ) 150 kilometres an hourpeople like to buy eggs from him because he sells at a lower price. note: 表示价格时，at须和price连用，如只说具体价钱，则用。

e.g.i bought this dictionary for 60 yuan.2）表示动作之方向、目的：朝，向e.g.he threw a stone at a dog. the fox ran at the boy.he shot at the bird, but missed it /didn’t shoot it .3）处于某种状态（引申意义）e.g.we are at meeting. the two countries are at war. 共19页，当前第3页123456789101112131415161718194）表示引起某种情绪的原因。

e.g.we are surprised at your success. they were sad at hearing such bad news.5）在……号召，召集，请求下（引申意义）e.g.he wrote the letter at our request.in october 1986, queen elizabeth ii of the great britain visited china at the invitation of the chinese government.6）固定词组中：e.g.at first, at last, at (the )most, at (the )least, at once, at present, at home, at night, at the beginning, at the same time, not at all etc.10.before 1）在……的前面（位置）反义behind e.g.he was standing ~ the class, ready to speak.never put the cart before the horse. 不要本末倒置。

2）在……以前（时间）反义after e.g.hand in your paper~ sunday. we get up ~ six every morning.11.behind 1）在……的后面（位置）e.g.the garage(车库)is ~ the house. he came out from ~ the door.2）迟于，晚于，误时/点e.g.the train is behind time.the plane was two hours ~ time because of the storm.3）劣于，不如，落后e.g.my old father is behind the times.because of his illness, he is ~ the others in his studies.12.below 1）在……下面e.g.his office is below mine. the temperature today is ~ freezing point.2）低于e.g.he is below me in the class.13.beside 1）在……的旁边e.g.he sat beside me at dinner. the city’s largest stadium stands ~ a lake. 2）相比（引申意义）e.g.my english is poor beside yours.共19页，当前第4页123456789101112131415161718193）离题，与……无关e.g.this is ~ the topic for discussion.what you are talking about is ~the point.14.besides 除……之外（还）e.g.we all went to beijing ~ our teacher.i like mathematics, physics, besides english.besides being the largest city in china, shanghai is also the centre of industry, education, science and culture.besides:表示加法，“除了……还有……”except:表示减法，“把……不算在其中”e.g.he likes different kinds of sports besides football.he likes different kinds of sports except football.其它运动项目+ 足球≠足球不在内的多种不同运动项目note: expect for (除去部分与前面叙述内容不属于同一范畴)e.g.his composition is good except for some spelling mistakes.(expect for在意义上=except that)15.between 1) 在两者之间e.g.come to my office between 10 and 11 o’clock.what’s the difference between“between”and“among”?2)表示两者以上的相互关系e.g.after they each touched the elephant, the six blind men quarreled between themselves.there is some little difference between the three words.note: between & among e.g.the village lies between the three hills. the teacher is sitting among the ss.16.beyond 1)远在……之外e.g.they came from beyond the seas (海外).the accident happened beyond the square.beyond the village is a river. 村那面有条河.2)超过,胜过,为……所不及e.g.the book is beyond me. 这本书我看不懂。