2021年最新职称英语学习资料(阅读理解讲义)7

最新职称英语学习资料(阅读理解讲义)7 PASSAGE 51 Ul ___rsEven though ul ___rs appear to run in families,lifestyle plays more of a role than geic factors in causing the illness, aording to a report in the April 13th Journal of Internal Medicine. In particular, ___oking and stress in men and the regular use of pain-releasing medicines in women were linked with an increased risk of developing anul ___r. Overall, 61% of ul ___r risk appears to be due to enviro ___ental factors, such as ___oking, and the re___ining 39% is due to genes aording to Dr. I ___o Raiha of the University of Turky and colleagues at the University of Helsinki, Finland. Some researchers had suggested that families ___y spread Helicobacteria pylori, the bacteria that can cause ul ___rs. However, the new study suggests this is unlikely, aording to the report. Raiha and colleagues stu ___d data from more than 13,000 pairs of twins "to examine the roles of geic and enviro ___ental factors in the origin of peptic ul ___r disease," they explain. Both twins were more likely to develop an ul ___r if the pair were geically the same as pared with a pair offraternal twins, suggesting that there must be some geic sus ___ptibility to ul ___r development. However, therisk was no greater in twins living together pared with twins living apart, suggesting that shared exposure to H. pylori was not to blame. "Enviro ___ent effects were not due to factors shared by family members, and they were related to ___oking and stress in men and the use of___gesics in women," the authors wrote. "The minor effects of shared enviro ___ent to disease liability do not support the con ___pt that the grouping of risk factors, such as H. pylori infection, would explain the geic factor of pepticul ___r disease," they concluded.1. Aording to the passage, which of the following is a very likely cause of ul ___r in men? A) Smoking and stress. B) Drinking and ___oking. C) Genes and children. D) Use of a ___rtain medicine.2. What factors contribute to over half the ul ___rs? A) Hereditary factors. B) Economic factors. C) Enviro ___ental factors. D) Geic factors.3. In relation to ul ___rs, experts study twins in order to examine A) the roles of geic factors. B) the roles of enviro ___ental factors. C) the roles of both factors. D) the roles of brotherhood.4. What does "enviro ___ental effects" in the fifth paragraph refer to? A) A clean enviro ___ent with no ___oke and dust surrounding the living area. B) Smoking and stress in men and use of pain-killing medicine in Women. C) Factors shared by family members such as genes and the food they eat. D) Shared exposure to H. pylori infection in the unclean enviro ___ent.5. The passage argues that A) ul ___rs are related to genes. B) ul ___rs are related to lifestyle. C) ul ___rs appear in men and women. D) ul ___rs are caused by pylori infection.KEY:ACCBBPASSAGE 52First AidFirst aid is emergency care for a victim of sudden illness or injury until more skillful medical treatment is available. First aid ___y save a life or improve ___rtain vital signs including pulse, temperature, an unobstructed airway, and breathing. In minor emergencies, first aid ___y prevent a victim's condition from worsening and provide relief from pain. First aid must be administered as quickly as possible. In the case of the critically injured, a few minutes can ___ke the differen ___ between plete recovery and loss of life. First-aid measures depend upon avictim's needs and provider's level of knowledge and skill. Knowing what not to do in an emergency is as important as knowing what to do. Improperly moving a person with a neck injury, for example, can lead to per ___nent spinal injury and paralysis. Despite the variety of injuries possible, several principles of first aid apply to all emergencies. The first step is to call for professional medical help. The victim, if conscious, should be reassured that medical aid has been requested, and asked for permission to provide any first aid. Next, assess the s ___ne, asking otherpeople or the injured person's family or friends about details of the injury or illness, any care that ___y have already been given, and preexisting conditions such as diabetes or heart trouble. The victim should be checked for medical bra ___let or card that describes special medical conditions. Unless the aident s ___ne bees unsafe or the victim ___y suffer further injury, do not move the victim. First aid requires rapid asses ___ent of victims to determine whether life-threatening conditions exist. One method for evaluating a victim's condition is known by the acronym ABC, which stands for: A- Airway: is it open and unobstructed? B- Breathing: is the person breathing? Look, listen, and feel for breathing. C- Circulation: is there a pulse? Is the person bleeding externally? Checkskin color and temperature for additional indications of circulation problems. On ___ obvious injuries have been evaluated, the injured person's head should be kept in a neutral position in line with the body. If no eviden ___ exists to suggest potential skull or spinal injury, pla ___ the injured person in a fortable position. Positioned onone side, a victim can vomit without choking or obstructing the airway. 1. It is very important in first aid to A) movethe injured person from the s ___ne of aident immediately.B) spend a few minutes for ___ the differen ___ between recovery and death. C) know what to do and what not to do aording to the condition of the victim. D) remove the medical bra ___let or card from the victim.2. One of the following practi ___s is NOT right in thefirst aid, that is, A) to check whether the victim is breathing. B) to let the victim lie on one side. C) to telephone a hospital at on ___. D) to wait patiently for more skillful medical treatment before carrying on first aid.3. The article implies that the provider of first aid should be especially careful A) in handing the victim only if he learns that the victim has both diabetes and heart trouble. B) in handing the victim if he learn that the victim has diabetes or heart trouble. C) not to move the victim if he finds a medical bra ___let on the victim. D) not to move the victim if he finds the aident s ___ne to be unsafe.4. Aording to this article, first aid is usually provided by A) professional doctors. B) the victim's family members.C) the victim's friends. D) those people who are not ne___ssarily professional doctors.5. This article can be said to be one to A) give basic knowledge about how to practi ___ first aid. B) give abrief introduction to the history of first aid. C) give some knowledge to anyone who ___y be injured in an aident.D) give warning that first aid is dangerous to those who do not know to do it.Key: CDBDAPASSAGE 53 SleeplessnessInsomnia or sleeplessness is a mon plaint of women as they enter into menopause. Insomnia means having trouble falling asleep or staying asleep or the feeling that your sleep was not adequate for you. For women who are having night sweats, their sleep is broken by frequent awakening and therefore not refreshing. Generally on ___ the nightsweats are controlled a nor ___l sleep pattern returns. If it doesn't it ___y be, or have bee chronic insomnia. How do you know? If you suffer from insomnia every night or most nights for a period of one month then you have chronic insomnia. If you're not having night sweats then it's time to look for other causes of sleeplessness. Depression and anxiety disorders are the most mon causes of chronic insomnia. If you feel depressed you need to be checked by a qualified health care provider. Movement disorders such as restless leg syndrome are second on the list of insomniafor them; there are new medicines that ___y help. Other mon causes are shift working, and pain. In up to 30% of people with chronic insomnia no cause can be identified. Medical treatment of these people has generally been with sleeping pills. It is esti ___ted that 25% of the ___ population in America took some type of medicines for sleep last year. It is generally agreed that sleeping pills should only be in the lowest dose and for the shortest possible time. Sleep hygiene is directed at changing bad sleep habits. The remendations are:-Go to bed only when sleepy.-Do not wait up to a specified time.-Avoid caffeine and alcohol in the evening, etc. 1. The word "insomnia"means A) having trouble falling asleep. B) feeling that sleep is enough. C) Having no sweats at night. D) Having nor ___l sleep pattern.2. How ___ny possible causes of sleeplessness are mentioned in the second paragraph? A) Five B) Six C) Seven D) Numerous3. The expression "Second on the list" in the second paragraph means A) the second cause of all kinds of sleeplessness. B) The second most important cause of sleeplessness. C) The second on the doctor's list about sleepless people. D) The second on the writer's list recording sleeplessness.4. Con ___rning the use of sleeping pills, which of the following statements is true? A) Most ___ Americans use sleeping pills for sleep. B) Doctors seldom give sleepless people sleeping pills. C) Sleeping pills should be used for a very fixed period. D) Sleeping pills should be used in a very s ___ll amount.5. Which of the following does not fit with sleep hygiene?A) Make a rule to go to bed at a specific time every day.B) Go to bed when sleepy, not always at the same time. C) Try not to drink any caffeine and alcohol in the evening D) Change bad sleep habits and follow doctors' advi ___Key:ABBDA模板,内容仅供参考。