(精品)初中英语长难句——语篇从句讲义(初中学生版)
初中英语语法教学课件--简单句 - 长难句(并列句、复合句)课件(共22张PPT)
scientific establishment cannot generally
be foreseen in detail.
4. Decades later, however, plastic's very durability (耐用性) is raising questions about how appropriate it is for onetime products such as plastic bags, or shortlived consumer goods, used in the home for a few years and then cast into a landfill where they will degrade for centuries.
Whereas=while 并列连词
…, it wasn’t unusual to hear a man
say that he didn’t know that his
宾语从句
friend’s marriage was in serious
trouble until he appeared one night
随着科学研究程序达到高度标准化并被广 泛接受，在当今世界上，科学已变得如此 重要，以至被纳入现代社会制度之中。
2. Decision thinking is not unlike poker it often matters not only what you think, but also what others think you think and what you think they think you think.
一些公司已经把洁净安全产品的生产作为他 们的主要卖点,并在他们的广告中做了强调。
英语初中语法单词总结(通用4篇)
英语初中语法单词总结第1篇一、根据章节先把相同知识点归类。
事先要对教材知识点进行横向的把握，这样有利于明确复习方向，提高复习效率。
或许我们可以从这两个方面著手：1.词汇的归类总结。
语言学家Harmer认为“如果说结构是语言的骨骼，词汇就是最重的器官和血肉”词汇的积累和扩大始终是我们要关注的重点，这就决定了检测词汇很重要，关乎到学生对四会词语的基本使用。
我们一天复习三单元，这其中就包括三个单元的单词，课文、知识点。
我们是通过命题式的竞赛写相同种类的词或使用powerpoint做竞赛式的抢答来达到对单元词汇的初步巩固。
这两种方法都可以充分让学生使用脑子，动起手把知识有效地输出。
2.相似词句的归类，对比性地归纳，要着重与词类用法的检测。
通过最接近考试题型的笔头反复操练就能达到强化提高语法题目的解题技巧。
我个人觉得这个部分的检测不宜放太大的难度，毕竟考试是面对全体学生，测试的目的是要让他们学有所长学有所成。
培养学生创新的实践能力在此尤为值得我们关注了。
二、反复的练习是加以巩固学生对重点内容的最佳方法。
练习要注意多变性及灵活性。
我们的测试目的始终以检查学生对知识的掌握是否达到考纲要求为目的的，但是也不能忽视对不同学生优势培训。
我大致的分类——四个不同等级。
①选择题类型.难度低，适合检查全体学生对重点知识点的掌握情况，故可以放在第一次的复习课中;②句型转换.难道适中，此句型多会在同义句或画线提问的形式出现，可以考测学生对重点句型的认知深度;③翻译题，难度较大，这种题目既考学生对词组的熟练程度，也考学生对词组的应用能力，这是属于我们说的另一种拓展题目了。
④作文操练。
考学生的对词组的综合操控能了。
本人建议可以布置为1分钟的口语测试。
由于不仅提高学生的口语表达能力，还提高听力能力。
英语初中语法单词总结第2篇1.着重学习易混淆词之间的区别英语有很多单词声音或拼写相同，含义却很不相同。
这些同形异义词，同音异义词，同形异音词和同音异形词非常容易混淆，并导致常见的错误。
(完整版)英语长难句精解70句
难句在考研阅读、完型填空和翻译中的出现频率很高，无论句子有多长、结构有多复杂，它都由一些基本的成分组成的。
从结构来说，英语句子中，除了谓语之外，其它的成分均可以由从句或者非谓语动词来充当。
从句子本身是一个完整的句子，因此，从句与从句之间的关系可能包孕、套嵌，也可能并列，平行。
从功能来说，英语有三大复合句，即:①名词性从句，包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句;②形容词性从句，即我们平常所说的定语从句;③状语从句。
非谓语动词可以有自己的时态和语态（过去分词除外），也可以跟自己的逻辑主语、宾语、状语等成分，构成一个非谓语动词结构。
由于非谓语动词和从句的这些特点，使英语句子从理论上讲可以无限延长。
英语长句的分析方法：去枝叶，留主干。
1）划出句子中的定语从句和状语从句;2）划出所有介词短语（位于be动词后的除外）；3）名词性从句看作一个整体,找出句中所有的谓语结构、非谓语结构、介词短语和从句的引导词;4）非谓语动词结构看作一个整体；5）找出全句的主语、谓语和宾语，即句子的主干；6）分析从句的结构和非谓语动词的内部结构。
长难句分析的步骤举例：经典例题（2001年考研完型填空第二段）In a significant tightening of legal controls over the press, Lord Irvine, the Lord Chancellor, will introduce a draft bill that will propose making payments to witnesses illegal and will strictly control the amount of publicity that can be given to a case before a trial begins.分析:第一，划出定语从句和状语从句: that will propose making payments to witnesses illegal and will strictly control the amount of publicity /that can be given to a case /before a trial begins.第二，划出介词短语：In a significant tightening of legal controls over the press第三，句子的结构分析:（1）主干结构是主语（Lord Irvine含同位语the Lord Chancellor）+将来时谓语（will introduce）+宾语（a draft bill）；（2）that引导的定语从句修饰draft bill,其中，will propose 是第一个谓语，making payments to witnesses illegal是一个动名词短语做宾语，在动名词短语内部，payments to witnesses做making的宾语，illegal是宾补；第二个谓语是will strictly control, the amount of publicity是它的宾语。
(全)初中英语-长难句拆解-详解
初中英语-长难句拆解-详解以人教版英语第八册教材为例，详细整理如何在英语学习中首脑并用。
I arrived in Penang in Malaysia this morning with my family.人教版第八册课文句子成分解析词法：arrive 不可以直接加名词，注意本句中介词与动词的搭配。
句法结构：本句只有主语，谓语，其余成分皆是状语。
语义整理：汉语中，状语前置。
推理分析：表明时间，地点，人物，说明本文既可以是说明文，也可以是记叙文。
It was sunny and hot, so we decided to go to the beach near our hotel. 人教版第八册教材句子成分解析词法：near引导的成分，修饰其前面的名词。
to go 非谓语动词作宾语。
句法结构：本句是主从句，so 引导的是原因状语从句。
语义整理：it指天气。
推理分析：承接前文的时间，地点，人物，这里继续描写事件。
My sister and I tried paragliding.人教版第八册英语课文词法：trying，后面既可以出现to do,也可以出现doing。
句法：doing作宾语。
推理分析：详细梳理事件。
I felt like I was a bird.人教版英语第八册课文词法：like此处不是动词，是介词。
句法：两套主谓结构。
推理分析：用比喻，加强对事件的详细描述。
It was so exciting!人教版英语第八册课文词法：excited，多指人，exciting多指物。
推理分析：与上文指的是同一事件。
For lunch, we had something very special-Malaysian yellow noodles. 人教版，英语第八册课文词法：special与副词，名词的转换。
句法：状语如果出现在主语之前，多用逗号隔开。
语义整理：此处have是吃的意思。
推理分析：与上文所谈，不是同一件事。
(完整版)长难句重难点整理
长难句（1）考研英语长难句四大类型及五大特点一、长难句的特点英语长句一般指的是各种复杂句，复杂句里可能有多个从句，从句与从句之间的关系可能包孕、嵌套，也可能并列或平行。
从功能来说，英语有三大复合句,即：①名词性从句，包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句；②形容词性从句，即我们平常所说的定语从句；③状语从句。
英语长难句五大特点:1）结构复杂，逻辑层次多;2)常须根据上下文作词义的引申;3）常须根据上下文对指代词的指代关系做出判断;4)并列成分多;5）修饰语多，特别是后置定语很长；二、考研英语长难句分析类别第一类：复杂修饰成分句子本不难，但是修饰成分多且长。
1、从句（定语、状语、同位语从句等)修饰；2、介词短语修饰;3、分词修饰;4、不定式修饰。
经常是在同一个句子里既有从句又有介词短语，且都不止一个.例：The methods that a community devises to perpetuate itself come into being to preserve aspects of the cultural legacy that community perceives as essential.分析：主语:The methods；谓语：come into being；that a community devises to perpetuate itself为定语从句，修饰the methods；不定式to表示目的状语;that community perceives as essential为定语从句，修饰the cultural legacy。
译文:一个社会设计出来保存自己的方法得以形成来保持那个社会认为最重要的一些方面。
第二类：大段的插入与或同位语，打断读者的思路，割裂前后之间的语义，造成理解的困难。
我们称之为“打岔”。
例:Moreover, I can feel strong emotions in response to objects of art that are interpretations， rather than representations, of reality.分析:在浏览该句时，发现句子中出现了双逗号,其中间的内容rather than representations为插入语，浏览的时候先跳过。
初中英语分析长难句
1. First put forward by the French mathematician Pierre de Format in the seventeenth century, the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds, including a French woman scientist who made a major advance in working out the problem, and who had to dress like a man in order to be able to study at the Ecolab polytechnique.这个定理，先是由十七世纪法国数学家皮尔法特提出，曾使一批杰出的数学大师为难，包括一位法国女科学家，她在解决这个难题方面取得了重大的进展，她曾女扮男装为了能够在伊科尔理工学院学习。
简析：夹杂过去分词短语，现在分词短语，动名词及两个定语从句。
2. It is difficult to measure the quantity of paper used as a result of use of Internet-connected computers, although just about anyone who works in an office can tell you that when e-mail is introduced, the printers start working overtime. That is, the growing demand for paper in recent years is largely due to the increased use of the Internet.由于因特网的使用，计算所使用的纸张的数量是很难的，然而几乎任何在办公室工作的人能告诉你，当引进电子邮件后，打印机就开始超时工作。
(全)2021中考英语-长难句-分析详解含译文
中考英语-长难句-分析详解含译文一、We all need heroes. We need to be able to respect people who have been there, done that, and succeeded. Many times the greatest heroes are the people we deal with every day - relatives（亲戚）, friends, and neighbors - who will keep going when it is easier to give up.二、词汇突破：1. be able to 能够；2. respect 尊敬，敬重；3. people who have been there 先行者；4. deal with 打交道，处理；5. neighbor 邻居；6. keep going 继续下去；7. give up 放弃；三、拆分句子:Many times the greatest heroes are the people we deal with every day - relatives（亲戚）, friends, and neighbors - who will keep going when it is easier to give up.本句话拆分后：1. Many times the greatest heroes are the people；2. (who) we deal with every day; who指代的是people, 在定语从句中做宾语，可以省略；3. relatives（亲戚）, friends, and neighbors；是the people的同位语；4. who will keep going；who指代的是people;5. when it is easier to give up;四、参考译文：我们都需要英雄。
语法讲义--长难句分析完整版
I don’t think people are capable of that anymore. (2016, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 4)
断开长难句 – 考场攻略 攻略 1：先找从句，但先看主句
攻略 2：不要纠结从句
… when we come to think back on it, we can’t remember the journey well because we didn’t pay much attention to it. (2015, Translation)
On one hand, that viewpoint is a logical product of America’s evolution. (2018, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 1)
断开长难句： 标点/连接词 – 练习 Twenty‐seven students were told which pens were electrified; another twenty‐seven were told only that some were electrified. (2018, Use of English)
(2010, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 1)
The hardest task that television asks of anyone is to turn the power off after பைடு நூலகம்e has turned it on. (英语一, 2012, Reading Comprehension, Part B)
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
初中英语阅读理解之长难句分析讲义语篇学语法——从句I arrived in London on a foggy day, to go to a very important meeting. The place①where the meeting was going to be hel d was on the other side of the town. All traffic came to a stop②because the drivers were not able to see more than a yard in front of them. The meeting would begin at 9:00, so I decided to go there on foot.Minutes later, I was completely lost. I stood there and though t③that I would have to phone to the meeting to explain④that I was not able to arrive there on time. Then I heard a young man’s voice coming out of the fog, “I suppose⑤you are lost. Can I help you?” I was very glad to have a ma n ⑥who could take me to the meeting. Afterward I told him⑦where I wanted to go, took his arm, and we started. We walked quite fast, turning corners and crossing roads.⑧As I followed him through the dark streets, I wondered⑨why he found his way so easily. “I know this part of London quite well,” he said.“But in such a fog it’s impossible to see anything,” I said.“I am blind, sir.” he answered, “In the fog, it is exactly the same for me as usual.”在英语语法中，按照句子结构，英语句子主要可以分为三种类型：简单句、并列句和复合句。
1.简单句：最基本的句子类型，一个句子中只含有一个主谓结构。
Eg：My uncle gives me a camera.2. 并列句：由两个或两个以上独立的主谓结构或简单句并列在一起的，通常用并列连词来连接两个或两个以上的句子，Eg：Jim went to the party last night, but his wife didn’t..Study hard and you will make progress.3. 复合句：由一个主句与一个或一个以上的从句（从句有相应的连词引导）组成的句子。
因此，复合句含有两个或两个以上的主谓结构（完整的句子），句子与句子之间用连接词连接。
其中，主句部分可以独立存在，但从句担当了主句某一句子成分，故通常不能独立存在。
根据从句在句子中充当的成分，可以将其分为6类，即主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句、定语从句和状语从句。
名词性从句1. 主语从句：，而不是用单词或短语来充当主语。
eg: (1) What you need is more practice.(2) When the meeting will be held has not been announced.(3) That he will not attend the meeting is clear.(4) Whether it will do us harm or good is unknown.注：有时，为了避免将太长的主语放在句首而使句子显得头重脚轻，通常用代词it做形式主语，而将真正的主语从句放到句子的后面。
例如：(1) It is clear that he will not attend the meeting.(2) It is unknown whether it will do us harm or good.主语从句引导词：①连词that （在从句中不担任成分，本身没有词义），②连词whether（意思是“是否”）③连接代词what，whatever，who，whoever，which等引导，④连接副词when，where，how，why等引导。
2. 表语从句：。
跟在系动词后面的句子成分就是表语。
eg: (1) That is what I want to say. （what在从句中充当，不能省略）(2) My opinion is that we should make a decision right now.(that只引导，本身无词义，在从句中也不充当任何句子成分，可以省略)(3) The problem is who should be responsible for this car accident.(who在从句中当，不能省略）(4) What I want to know （从句）is who is in charge of the work（从句）.(用于引导从句的what和引导从句的who都不能省略)(5) It looks as if it’s going to rain. （looks是系动词）3. 宾语从句：，在动词或介词的后面通常都跟有宾语。
引导宾语从句的连接词与主语从句和表语从句一样，是that, whether ( if ), who，whoever，which，when，where, how, why，what，whatever等。
例如本文中出现的几个宾语从句：(1) I stood there and thought ③that I would have to phone to the meeting to explain ④that I was not able to arrive there on time.第③句是thought的宾语从句，第④句是explain的宾语从句。
(2) I suppose ⑤you are lost.(这是suppose的宾语从句，省略了that).(3) Afterward I told him ⑦where I wanted to go, took his arm, and we started.（这是told的宾语从句，充当间接宾语，引导词where在从句中充当状语）(4) I wondered ⑨why he found his way so easily.(wondered的宾从，why在从句中充当状语）另外：宾语从句除了可以跟在及物动词之后外，还可以跟在介词的后面，充当介词的宾语。
Eg：Your composition is quite good except that there are some spelling mistakes.（充当介词except的宾语）What we should take with us （主语从句）depends on where we’ll stay.（充当介词on的宾语）在使用宾语从句时，要注意：1）宾语从句的时态①当主句是过去时的某种时态时，从句的时态也要用相应的过去时的时态。
Eg：The teacher asked him whether he had studied English for 6 years.②但如果主句是现在的时态，则从句的时态根据从句本身的实际情况而定。
Eg：I am glad that you passed the exam.2）that在引导宾语从句通常都省略，如上文中的第⑤句。
3）如果主句中it做形式宾语，而that引导宾语从句是真正的宾语时，that不能省略。
Eg：Many students take it for granted that their parents should do everything for them.（it是形式宾语，that引导的宾语从句是真正的宾语，不能省略that）形容词性从句5. 定语从句：。
在全句中相当于形容词，用来修饰先行词（即被定语从句修饰的词）——名词或代词，或修饰整个主句。
定语从句属于非独立性从句，本身不能独立存在，应该紧跟在它的先行词之后。
根据与先行词之间关系的密切程度，定语从句分为两类：限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
由关系代词(who, whom, whose, which, that, as)或关系副词(when, where, why)引导的从句，限制性定语从句：与先行词的关系密切，如果将定语从句删掉，那么剩下的主句部分就会含混不清，另外，限制性定语从句之前不用标点符号。
如上文中：The place①where the meeting was going to be hel d was on the other side of the town.I was very glad to have a ma n ⑥who could take me to the meeting.非限制性定语从句：对先行词做进一步的解释或说明，如果删除掉，不影响整个句子的基本意思，通常用逗号与主句部分分开。
例如：(1) A student, whose name I don’t know, comes to see you.(2) They will fly to London, where they plan to stay for a week.(3) Tom didn’t pass the maths exam, which made his parents angry.(4) One of the most senic areas is the Loire Valley, where you can visit the old castles in which the kings and queens of France used to live.分析：在上文第①句The place①where the meeting was going to be hel d was on the other side of the town.中，主句部分是The place was on the other side of the town. 由关系副词where 引导的从句where the meeting was going to be held是表示地点的先行词the place的定语，引导词where在从句中充当地点状语, 相当于in the place。