华南农业大学管理学原理试题答案英文

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《管理学原理》考试题库(英文版)

Chapter 1 – Introduction to Management and OrganizationsTrue/False QuestionsThe four contemporary functions of management are planning, organizing, leading, and controlling.True (easy)Effectiveness refers to the relationship between inputs and outputs.False (moderate)Efficiency is often referred to as "doing things right."True (moderate)When managers meet organizational goals, they are efficient and effective.False (difficult)According to Mintzberg’s management roles, the informational role involves receiving, collecting, and disseminating information.True (moderate)Technical skills become less important as a manager moves into higher levels of management.True (moderate)The systems perspective underscores and emphasizes the fact that organizations are different, face different circumstances, and thus may require different ways of managing.False (moderate)Multiple Choice_____________ are organizational members who integrate and coordinate the work of others.a. Managers (easy)b. Team leadersc. Subordinatesd. Operativese. AgentsTypically, in organizations it is the _____________ who are responsible for making organizational decisions and setting policies and strategies that affect all aspects of the organization.a. team leadersb. middle managersc. first-line managersd. top managers (easy)e. subordinates_____________ distinguishes a managerial position from a nonmanagerial one.a. Manipulating othersb. Concern for the lawc. Increasing efficiencyd. Coordinating and integrating others' work (moderate)e. Defining market shareWhich of the following is NOT an example of a decisional role according to Mintzberg?a.spokesperson (moderate)b.entrepreneurc.disturbance handlerd.resource allocatore.negotiatorWhich of the following skills are more important at lower levels of management since these managers are dealing directly with employees doing the organization’s work?a.human skillsb.technical skills (easy)c.conceptual skillsd.empirical skillsUnderstanding building codes would be considered a _____________ skill for a building contractor.a. humanb. technical (easy)c. conceptuald. empiricale. functionalWhich of the following phrases is best associated with managerial conceptual skills?a. decision-making (easy)b. communicating with customersc. motivating subordinatesd. product knowledgee. technical skillsAccording to the text, _____________ are not influenced by and do not interact with their environment.a.open systemsb.closed systems (easy)c.flextime systemsd.reverse systemse.forward systemsThe _____________ view of a manager's job implies that decisions and actions taken in one organizational area will impact other areas.a. systems (moderate)b. contingencyc. conceptuald. functionale. environmentalWhich of the following best describes the concept that management is needed in all types and sizes of organizations, at all organizational levels and in all organizational work areas, and in all organizations, no matter what country they’re located i n?a.the partiality of managementb.the segmentation of managementc.the universality of management (moderate)d.the cultures of managementScenarios and QuestionsThe Busy Day (Scenario)Don Eskew, plant manager at Control Systems, Inc., sighed as he sipped his first cup of coffee at 5 a.m. and read his agenda for the day. He is giving two company tours in the morning; the first to a newspaper reporter who is writing a story on the new plant expansion and has several questions, and the second to a group of Control Systems, Inc., managers from the east coast. He then has a meeting with unit manager, Phil Johnson, to discuss Phil's recent drop in performance (a task he always hates). Next, he is spending a couple of hours reviewing the trade journals he receives from his high-tech association and writing up a brief synopsis for his presentation next week to the Division President. Finally, in late afternoon, he will be reviewing the new equipment malfunction and deciding whether to bring in extra people to get the equipment running as soon as possible. Whew! Just another day in the glamorous life of a manager. Together, all of these behaviors performed by Don during his busy day correspond to the management roles discovered in the late 1960s by which of the following management scientists?a. Herzbergb. Skinnerc. Mintzberg (easy)d. Fayole. MaslowWhen Don was meeting with Phil to discuss his performance concerns, he was operating in which management role?a. leader (difficult)b. figureheadc. monitord. disturbance handlere. spokesperson114. What role was Don performing when he gave the plant tour to the newspaper reporter?a. monitorb. figureheadc. disseminatord. spokesperson (difficult)e. resource allocator115. When Don was reviewing the new equipment malfunction, what management role was he playing when deciding whether to bring in extra people?a. monitorb. disseminatorc. resource allocator (moderate)d. disturbance handlere. figureheadEssay QuestionsIn a short essay, discuss the difference between efficiency and effectiveness and include a specific example to support each concept.Answera.Efficiency refers to getting the most output from the least amount of inputs. Because managers deal withscarce inputs—including resources such as people, money, and equipment—they are concerned with the efficient use of resources. For instance, at the Beiersdorf Inc. factory in Cincinnati, where employees make body braces and supports, canes, walkers, crutches, and other medical assistance products, efficient manufacturing techniques were implemented by doing things such as cutting inventory levels, decreasing the amount of time to manufacture products, and lowering product reject rates. From this perspective, efficiency is often referred to as “doing things right”—that is, not wasting resources.b.Effectiveness is often described as “doing the right things”—that is, those work activities that will help theorganization reach its goals. For instance, at the Biersdorf factory, goals included open communication between managers and employees, and cutting costs. Through various work programs, these goals were pursued and achieved. Whereas efficiency is concerned with the means of getting things done, effectiveness is concerned with the ends, or attainment of organizational goals.(moderate)In a short essay, list and explain the four basic functions of management.Answera.Planning –involves the process of defining goals, establishing strategies for achieving those goals, anddeveloping plans to integrate and coordinate activities.anizing – involves the process of determining what tasks are to be done, who is to do them, how thetasks are to be grouped, who reports to whom, and where decisions are to be made.c.Leading – when managers motivate subordinates, influence individuals or teams as they work, select themost effective communication channel, or deal in any way with employee behavior issues, they are leading.d.Controlling – to ensure that work is going as it should, managers must monitor and evaluate performance.The process of monitoring, comparing, and correcting is what is meant by the controlling function.(moderate)In a short essay, list and discuss the three essential skills according to Katz that managers need to perform the duties and activities associated with being a manager.Answera.Technical skills – include knowledge of an proficiency in a certain specialized field, such as engineering,computers, accounting, or manufacturing. These skills are more important at lower levels of management since these managers are dealing directly with employees doing the organization’s work.b.Human skills –involve the ability to work well with other people both individually and in a group.Managers with good human skills are able to get the best out of their people. They know how to communicate, motivate, lead, and inspire enthusiasm and trust. These skills are equally important at all levels of management.c.Conceptual skills – these are the skill that managers must have to think and to conceptualize about abstractand complex situations. Using these skills, managers must be able to see the organization as a whole, understand the relationships among various subunits, and visualize how the organization fits into its broader environment. These skills are most important at the top management levels.(moderate)Chapter 2 – Management Yesterday and TodayTrue/FalseAccording to Adam Smith, division of labor was an important concept.True (easy)In the Industrial Revolution, machine power began substituting for human power.True (easy)“Principles of Scientific Management” was written by Frederick Taylor.True (moderate)Frank Gilbreth’s best-known contribution to scientific management concerned selecting the best worker.False (moderate)Frederick Taylor is most associated with the principles of scientific management.True (easy)One could say that Fayol was interested in studying macro management issues, whereas Taylor was interested in studying micro management issues.True (moderate)Bureaucracy, as described by Weber, emphasizes rationality and interpersonal relationships.False (moderate)Decisions on determining a company’s optimum inventory levels have been significantly influenced by economic order quantity modeling.True (moderate)Barnard, Follet, Musterberg, and Owen are all theorists are associated with the early organizational behavior approach.True (moderate)Multiple ChoiceAdam Smith's, "The Wealth of Nations," put forth that the primary economic advantage by societies would be gained from which of the following concepts?a. management planning and controlb. on-the-job trainingc. union representationd. fair employment legislatione. division of labor (difficult)Which of the following is not one of the four management approaches that grew out of the first half of this century?a. scientific managementb. general administrativec. organizational behaviord. systems approach (easy)e. quantitativeAccording to the text, probably the best-known example of Taylor’s scientific management was the ______________ experiment.a.horse shoeb.pig iron (moderate)c.blue collard.fish tankWhich of the following is NOT one of Taylor’s four principles of management?a.Develop a science for each element of an indivi dual’s work, which will replace the old rule-of-thumbmethod.b.Scientifically select and then train, teach, and develop the worker.c.Heartily cooperate with the workers so as to ensure that all work is done in accordance with the principlesdeveloped.d.Provide managers will less work than other employees so the managers can plan accordingly.(difficult)General administrative theory focuses ona. the entire organization. (easy)b. managers and administrators.c. the measurement of organizational design relationships.d. primarily the accounting function.e. administrative issues affecting non-managerial employees.The fourteen principles of management are associated with whom?a. Weberb. Druckerc. Taylord. Gilbrethe. Fayol (moderate)Which of the following approaches to management has also been labeled operations research or management science?a.The qualitative approachb.The quantitative approach (easy)c.The experimental approachd.The theoretical approachWhich of the following would not be associated with the quantitative approach to management?a. information modelsb. critical-path schedulingc. systematic motivation of individuals (moderate)d. linear programminge. statisticsWithout question, the most important contribution to the developing field of organizational behavior came out of the _______________.a.Taylor Studies.b.Porter Studies.c.Parker Studies.d.Hawthorne Studies. (moderate)What scientist is most closely associated with the Hawthorne Studies?a. Adamsb. Mayo (easy)c. Lawlerd. Barnarde. FollettOne outcome of the Hawthorne studies could be described by which of the following statements?a.Social norms are the key determinants of individual work behavior. (moderate)b.Money is more important than the group on individual productivity.c.Behavior and employee sentiments are inversely related.d.Security is relatively unimportant.e.While groups are an important determinant of worker productivity, the individual him/herself is mostimportant.Scenarios and QuestionsHISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF MANAGEMENTA Look Back (Scenario)Cindy Schultz, tired from working with customers all day, decided to take a fifteen-minute nap to help clear her head before the 4:15 managers' meeting. Her company had recently begun a re-engineering process as well as other changes requiring copious management input. As she leaned back in her chair, she wondered if management science had always been this way and how it all began. As she napped, she dreamed that, along with "Mr. Peebodi" as her guide, she was traveling in the "Management Way Back Machine" that took her back through management history.106. One of the earliest sites Cindy visited was Adam Smith's home, author of The Wealth of Nations, which suggested that organizations and society would gain froma. time management.b. division of labor. (moderate)c. group work.d. quality management.e. time and motion studies.107. Cindy visited a bookstore where there was a book signing occurring. She looked down and saw that the title of the book was Principles of Scientific Management and concluded that the author must bea. Adam Smith.b. Frank Gilbreth.c. Henry Gantt.d. Frederick Taylor. (easy)e. Henri Fayol.108. Cindy admired the works of Taylor and Gilbreth, two advocates ofa. scientific management. (moderate)b. organizational behavior.c. human resource management.d. motivation.e. leadership.109. Cindy spent some time visiting with __________, a researcher she previously knew little about but who also contributed to management science by being among the first to use motion picture films to study hand-and-body motions and by devising a classification scheme known as a "therblig."a. Henry Ganttb. Max Weberc. Chester Barnardd. Frank Gilbreth (moderate)e. Mary Parker FolletEssay QuestionsSCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENTIn a short essay, discuss Frederick Taylor’s work in scientific management. Next, list Taylor’s four principles of management.AnswerFrederick Taylor did most of his work at the Midvale and Bethlehem Steel Companies in Pennsylvania. As a mechanical engineer with a Quaker and Puritan background, he was continually appalled by workers’inefficiencies. Employees used vastly different techniques to do the same job. They were inclined to “take it easy” on the job, and Taylor believed that worker output was only about one-third of what was possible.Virtually no work standards existed. Workers were placed in jobs with little or no concern for matching their abilities and aptitudes with the tasks they were required to do. Managers and workers were in continual conflict.Taylor set out to correct the situation by applying the scientific method to shop floor jobs. He spent more than two decades passionately pursuing the “one best way” for each job to be done.Taylor’s Four Principles of Managementa.Develop a science for each element of an individual’s work, which will replace the old rule-of-thumbmethod.b.Scientifically select and then train, teach, and develop the worker.c.Heartily cooperate with the workers so as to ensure that all work is done in accordance with the principlesof the science that has been developed.d.Divide work and responsibility almost equally between management and workers. Management takes overall work for which it is better fitted than the workers.(difficult)122. In a short essay, discuss the work in scientific management by Frank and Lillian Gilbreth.AnswerFrank Gilbreth is probably best known for his experiments in bricklaying. By carefully analyzing thebricklayer’s job, he re duced the number of motions in laying exterior brick from 18 to about 5, and on laying interior brick the motions were reduced from 18 to 2. Using the Gilbreth’s techniques, the bricklayer could be more productive and less fatigued at the end of the day. The Gilbreths were among the first researchers to use motion pictures to study hand-and-body motions and the amount of time spent doing each motion. Wasted motions missed by the naked eye could be identified and eliminated. The Gilbreths also devised a classification scheme to label 17 basic hand motions, which they called therbligs. This scheme allowed the Gilbreths a more precise way of analyzing a worker’s exact hand movements.(moderate)GENERAL ADMINISTRATIVE THEORISTS123. In a short essay, discuss the work of Henri Fayol as it relates to the general administrative approach to management. Next list and discuss seven of Fayol’s fourteen principles of management.AnswerFayol described the practice of management as something distinct from accounting, finance, production,distribution, and other typical business functions. He argued that management was an activity common to all human endeavors in business, government, and even in the home. He then proceeded to state 14 principles of management—fundamental rules of management that could be taught in schools and applied in allorganizational situations.Fayol’s Fourteen Principles of Managementa.Division of work. – specialization increases output by making employees more efficient.b.Authority – managers must be able to give orders. Authority gives them this right. Along with authority,however, goes responsibility.c.Discipline – employees must obey and respect the rules that govern the organization.d.Unity of command – every employee should receive orders from only one superior.e.Unity of direction – the organization should have a single plan of action to guide managers and workers.f.Subordination of individual interests to the general interest – the interests of any one employee or group ofemployees should not take precedence over the interests of the organization as a whole.g.Remuneration – workers must be paid a fair wage for their services.h.Centralization – this term refers to the degree to which subordinates are involved in decision making.i.Scalar chain – the line of authority from top management to the lowest ranks in the scalar chain.j.Order – people and materials should be in the right place at the right time.k.Equity – managers should be kind and fair to their subordinates.l.Stability of tenure of personnel – management should provide orderly personal planning and ensure that replacements are available to fill vacancies.m.Initiative – employees who are allowed to originate and carry out plans will exert high levels of effort.n.Esprit de corps – promoting team spirit will build harmony and unity within the organization.(difficult)124. In a short essay, discuss Max Weber’s contribution to the general administrative approach to management.AnswerMax Weber was a German sociologist who studied organizational activity. Writing in the early 1900s, hedeveloped a theory of authority structures and relations. Weber describes an ideal type of organization hecalled a bureaucracy—a form or organization characterized by division of labor, a clearly defined hierarchy, detailed rules and regulations, and impersonal relationships. Weber recognized that this “ideal bureaucracy”didn’t exist in reality. Instead he intended it as a basis for theorizing about work and how work could be done in large groups. His theory became the model structural design for many or today’s large organizations.(easy)TOWARD UNDERSTANDING ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR125. In a short essay, describe the Hawthorne Studies. Next, discuss the role of Elton Mayo in these studies and some of the findings of his research.AnswerWithout question, the most important contribution to the developing OB field came out of the HawthorneStudies, a series of studies conducted at the Western Electric Company Works in Cicero, Illinois. These studies were initially designed by Western Electric industrial engineers as a scientific management experiment. They wanted to examine the effect of various illumination levels on worker productivity. Based on their research, it was concluded that illumination intensity was not directly related to group productivity. In 1927, the Western Electric engineers asked Harvard professor Elton Mayo and his associates to join the study as consultants.Through additional research, Elton Mayo concluded that behavior affected individual behavior, that groupstandards establish individual worker output, and that money is less a factor in determining output than are group standards, group sentiments, and security. These conclusions led to a new emphasis on the humanbehavior factor in the functioning of organizations and the attainment of their goals.(difficult)CURRENT TRENDS AND ISSUES126. In a short essay, define entrepreneurship and discuss the three import themes that stick out in this definition of entrepreneurship.AnswerEntrepreneurship is the process whereby an individual or a group of individuals uses organized efforts andmeans to pursue opportunities to create value and grow by fulfilling wants and needs through innovation and uniqueness, no matter what resources are currently controlled. It involves the discovery of opportunities and the resources to exploit them. Three important themes stick out in this definition of entrepreneurship. First, is the pursuit of opportunities. Entrepreneurship is about pursuing environmental trends and changes that no one else has seen or paid attention to. The second important theme in entrepreneurship is innovation.Entrepreneurship involves changing, revolutionizing, transforming, and introducing new approaches—that is, new products or services of new ways of doing business. The final important theme in entrepreneurship is growth. Entrepreneurs pursue growth. They are not content to stay small or to stay the same in size.Entrepreneurs want their businesses to grow and work very hard to pursue growth as they continually look for trends and continue to innovate new products and new approaches.(moderate)127. In a short essay, define e-business and e-commerce. Next discuss the three categories of e-business involvement.AnswerE-business (electronic business) is a comprehensive term describing the way an organization does its work by using electronic Internet-based) linkages with its key constituencies (employees, managers, customers,suppliers, and partners) i n order to efficiently and effectively achieve its goals. It’s more than e-commerce, although e-business can include e-commerce. E-commerce (electronic commerce) is any form of business exchange or transaction in which the parties interact electronically. The first category of e-businessinvolvement an e-business enhanced organization, a traditional organization that sets up e-business capabilities, usually e-commerce, while maintaining its traditional structure. Many Fortune 500 type organizations areevolving into e-businesses using this approach. They use the Internet to enhance (not to replace) theirtraditional ways of doing business. Another category of e-business involvement is an e-business enabledorganization. In this type of e-business, an organization uses the Internet to perform its traditional business functions better, but not to sell anything. In other words, the Internet enables organizational members to do their work more efficiently and effectively. There are numerous organizations using electronic linkages to communicate with employees, customers, or suppliers and to support them with information. The last category of e-business involvement is when an organization becomes a total e-business. Their whole existence is made possible by and revolves around the Internet.(moderate)128. In a short essay, discuss the need for innovation and flexibility as it relates to the survival of today’s organizations.AnswerInnovation has been called the most precious capability that any org anization in today’s economy must have and nurture. Without a constant flow of new ideas, an organization is doomed to obsolescence of even worse, failure. In a survey about what makes an organization valuable, innovation showed up at the top of the list.There is absolutely no doubt that innovation is crucial. Another demand facing today’s organizations andmanagers is the need for flexibility. In a context where customers’ needs may change overnight, where new competitors come and go at breathtaking speed, and where employees and their skills are shifted as needed from project to project, one can see how flexibility might be valuable.(easy)129. In a short essay, discuss the concept of total quality management and the six characteristics that describe this important concept.AnswerA quality revolution swept through both the business and public sectors during the 1980s and 1990s. Thegeneric term used to describe this revolution was total quality management, or TQM for short. It was inspired by a small group of quality experts, the most famous being W. Edwards Deming and Joseph M. Juran. TQM isa philosophy of management driven by continual improvement and responding to customer needs andexpectations. The objective is to create an organization committed to continuous improvement in workprocesses. TQM is a departure from earlier management theories that were based on the belief that low costs were the only road to increased productivity.The Six Characteristics of Total Quality Managementa.Intense Focus on the customer –the customer includes not only outsiders who buy the organization’sproducts or services but also internal customers (such as shipping or accounts payable personnel) who interact with and serve others in the organization.b.Concern for continual improvement –TQM is a commitment to never being satisfied. “Very good” is notgood enough. Quality can always be improved.c.Process-focused –TQM focuses on work processes as the quality of goods and services is continuallyimproved.d.Improvement in the quality of everything the organization does – TQM uses a very broad definition ofquality. It relates not only to the final product but also to how the organization handles deliveries, how rapidly it responds to complaints, and how politely the phones are answered.e.Accurate measurement –TQM uses statistical techniques to measure every critical variable in theorganization’s operations. These are compared against standards or benchmarks to identify problems, trace them to their roots, and eliminate their causes.f.Empowerment of employees – TQM involves the people on the line in the improvement process. Teamsare widely used in TQM programs as empowerment vehicles for finding and solving problems.(difficult)130. In a short essay, describe the learning organization and discuss the concept of knowledge management.AnswerToday’s managers confront an environment where change takes place at an unprecedented rate. Constantinnovations in information and computer technologies combined with the globalization of markets have createda chaotic world. As a result, many of the past management guidelines and principles no longer apply.Successful organizations of the twenty-first century must be able to learn and respond quickly, and will be led by managers who can effectively challenge conventional wisdom, manage the organization’s knowledge base, and make needed changes. In other words, these organizations will need to be learning organizations. Alearning organization is one that has developed the capacity to continuously learn, adapt, and change. Part of a manager’s responsibility in fostering an environment conducing to learning is to create learning capabilities throughout the organization—from lowest level to highest level and in all areas. Knowledge managementinvolves cultivating a learning culture where organizational members systematically gather knowledge and share it with others in the organization so as to achieve better performance.(moderate)Chapter 3 – Organizational CultureIn the symbolic view of management, managers are seen as directly responsible for an organization's success or failure.False (easy)The current dominant assumption in management theory suggests managers are omnipotent.True (moderate)An organizational culture refers to a system of shared meaning.True (moderate)Organizational culture is a perception, not reality.True (moderate)Strong cultures have more influence on employees than weak ones.True (moderate)。

管理学考试题及答案英语

管理学考试题及答案英语管理学考试题及答案（英语）一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. The term "management" refers to:A. The process of managingB. The people who manageC. The act of managingD. The result of managingAnswer: A2. Which of the following is NOT a function of management?A. PlanningB. OrganizingC. ControllingD. InnovatingAnswer: D3. According to classical management theory, the most important factor in achieving organizational goals is:A. EfficiencyB. EffectivenessC. ProfitabilityD. Customer satisfactionAnswer: A4. The process of setting goals, deciding on actions to achieve them, and then allocating the necessary resources to carry out these actions is known as:A. Decision makingB. PlanningC. OrganizingD. ControllingAnswer: B5. Which of the following is NOT a principle of scientific management according to Frederick W. Taylor?A. Work simplificationB. Scientific selection of workersC. Financial incentives for productivityD. Centralized decision makingAnswer: D6. In the context of management, "leadership" refers to:A. The ability to influence a group towards the achievement of a vision or set of goalsB. The act of supervising employeesC. The process of delegating tasksD. The role of a managerAnswer: A7. Which of the following is NOT a component of the contingency theory of leadership?A. The situationB. The leader's traitsC. The leader's behaviorD. The follower's traitsAnswer: B8. The Hawthorne studies demonstrated that:A. Financial incentives are the most effective motivatorsB. Worker productivity is influenced by a variety of factors, including the work environmentC. Scientific management techniques always improve productivityD. The presence of a supervisor is the key to increased productivityAnswer: B9. According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which of the following needs is at the top of the pyramid?A. Safety needsB. Esteem needsC. Social needsD. Self-actualization needsAnswer: D10. In the context of organizational behavior, "groupthink" refers to:A. The tendency for groups to make risky decisionsB. The tendency for groups to make decisions that are too cautiousC. The tendency for groups to make decisions that are more extreme than those made by individualsD. The tendency for groups to suppress dissent and conformity to group normsAnswer: D二、简答题（每题10分，共40分）1. Explain the difference between management and leadership.Answer: Management is the process of planning, organizing, leading, and controlling organizational resources to achieve specific goals. Leadership, on the other hand, is the ability to influence a group towards the achievement of a vision or set of goals. While management is more about organizing and controlling, leadership is about inspiring and motivating.2. Describe the four functions of management.Answer: The four functions of management are planning, organizing, leading, and controlling. Planning involves setting goals and deciding on actions to achieve them. Organizing is the process of structuring tasks and resources to achieve those goals. Leading involves influencing and motivating employees to work towards the goals. Controlling is the process of monitoring performance and taking corrective action when necessary.3. What is the significance of the Hawthorne studies in the field of management?Answer: The Hawthorne studies were significant because they demonstrated that worker productivity is influenced by a variety of factors, including the work environment and the attention given to workers. These studies challenged the assumptions of classical management theory and led to the development of the human relations movement, which emphasized the importance of social and psychological factors in the workplace.4. Explain the concept of "empowerment" in management.Answer: Empowerment in management refers to the process of giving employees the authority, responsibility, and resources to make decisions and take actions that affect their work. Empowerment is believed to increase employee motivation, job satisfaction, and productivity by allowing workers to have more control over their work and to take ownership of their tasks.三、案例分析题（每题20分，共40分）1. Case Study: A company is experiencing high employee turnover and low morale. The management has decided to implement a new employee engagement program to address these issues. Describe how the company can use the principles of motivation and leadership to design and implement this program.Answer: The company can use the principles of motivation and leadership to design and implement the employee engagement program by first understanding the needs and motivations of its employees. They can use Maslow's hierarchy of needs to identify which needs are not being met, such as safety, social, esteem, or self-actualization needs. The company can then develop programs that address these unmet needs, such as providing a safe work environment, opportunities for social interaction, recognition for achievements, and opportunities for personal growth and development.In terms of leadership, the company can train managers to be more effective leaders by using transformational leadership styles that inspire and motivate employees. This can include setting a clear vision for the company, providing support and resources for employees to achieve their goals, and creating a positive work environment where employees feel valued and respected.2. Case Study: A manufacturing company is considering the implementation of a new production technology that requires a significant investment. The management team is divided on whether to proceed with the investment. How can the company use decision-making models and techniques to make an informed decision?Answer: The company can use decision-making models and techniques such as the decision tree analysis, cost-benefit analysis, and SWOT analysis to make an informed decision about the new production technology.The decision tree analysis can help the company visualize the different outcomes and probabilities associated with each decision path, such as investing in the new technology or not. The cost-benefit analysis can help the company quantify the costs and benefits of the investment, including the potential increase in production efficiency and the initial cost of the technology. The SWOT analysis can help the company identify the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats associated with the investment, such as the potential for increased market share and the risk of technological obsolescence.By using these decision-making models and techniques, the company can weigh the pros and cons of the investment and make a more informed decision based on objective data and analysis.以上就是管理学考试题及答案的英语版本，供参考。

管理学原理6-10答案

管理学原理6-10答案CHAPTER 6 LeadingTRUE/FALSE1、By far the most difficult decision situation is uncertainty. F2、A choice made from available alternatives is called a decision。

T3、The classical decision making model assumes that the decision-maker is rational, and makes the optimal decision each time. T4、Decision-making must not be done amid ever-changing factors, unclear information and conflicting points of view. F5、According to the Vroom-Jago Model, leaders should be concerned with decision characteristics like a commitment requirement, problem structure and subordinate conflict. T CHOICE1、A choice made from available alternatives is known as a ___A______.A. decisionB. planC. planned goalD. tacticE. strategy2、The lowest possibility of failure is associated with the condition of: CA. ambiguityB. uncertaintyC. certaintyD. riskE. two of the above3、The classical model of decision making is based on ___C_______ assumptions.A. philosophicalB. irrationalC. economicD. uncertaintyE. industrial4、Which of these is the first step in the managerial decision making process? CA. evaluation and feedbackB. development of alternativesC. recognition of decision requirementD. diagnosis and analysis of causesE. selection of desired alternatives5、Feedback is important because: DA. decision making is a continuous processB. it provides decision-makers with new informationC. it helps determine if a new decision needs to be madeD. all of the aboveE. B and C onlyCHAPTER 7 Designing Adaptive OrganizationsTRUE/FALSE1. Organisational structure refers to the framework in which the organisation defines the way tasks are divided, resources are deployed and departments are coordinated.T2. Authority is the right to use resources, make decisions and issue orders in an organisation. T3. Given the challenges to meet customer needs and adaptto the environment, most organisations today discourage managers to delegate authority to the lower levels.F4. The number of employees reporting to a supervisor is his or her span of management. T5. An advantage of vertical functional structure is its quick response to external changes.TCHOICE1. Which of these refers to the deployment of organisational resources to achieve strategic goals? CA. planningB. controllingC. organizingD. leadingE. strategic management2. Strategy defines _______ to do while organising defines _______ to do it. CA. how, whatB. how, whyC. what, howD. what, whyE. when, what3. Organisation structure is defined as: BA. the visual representation of the organisationB. the framework in which the organisation defined how tasks are divided, resources are deployed, and departments are coordinatedC. the division of labourD. the unbroken line of authority that links all individuals in the organisationE. none of the above4. __________ is the formal and legitimate right of a manager to make decisions. CA. DelegationB. ResponsibilityC. AuthorityD. LeadershipE. Span of management5. Which of these means that each employee is held accountable to only one supervisor?BA. scalar principleB. unity of commandC. work specialisationD. division of labourE. span of management6．__________ means that decision authority is located near the __________ of the organisation. CA. Centralisation, bottomB. Decentralisation, topC. Centralisation, topD. Centralisation, middleE. None of the above7. Which of the following is a contemporary approach to structural design in departmentalisation? DA. functionalB. divisionalC. matrixD. teamsE. geographic-based8. Advantages of the matrix structure include: EA. It increases employee participation.B. It makes efficient use of human resources.C. It works well in a changing environment.D. It develops both general and specialist management skills.E. All of the above.9. An advantage of the divisional structure is: AA. con cern for customers’ needs is highB. there is little duplication of services across divisionsC. there is good coordination across divisionsD. top management retains tight control of the organisationE. there is no competition for corporate resources10. Disadvantages of the network approach include: DA. a lack of hands-on controlB. the possibility of losing an important part of the organisationC. weakened employee loyaltyD. all of the aboveE. A and C onlyFILL IN THE BLANKS1. A __ flat ____ structure has a wide span, is horizontally dispersed, and has fewer hierarchical levels.2. The visual representa tion of an organisation’s structure is called the __ organization__chart____.3. Division of labour is also known as __ work ___ ____ specialization ____.4. The ____ chain of command___ is an unbroken line of authority that links all persons in an organisation and shows who reports to whom.5. _ authority __ is the formal and legitimate right of amanager to make decisions, issue orders, and allocate resources to achieve organisationally desired outcomes.SHORT ANSWER1. Define span of management and explain if there is an ideal span of management. The span of management is the number of employees reporting to a supervisor.不存在。

农业管理英语试题及答案

农业管理英语试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. Which of the following is not a primary agricultural product?A. WheatB. CornC. SoybeanD. Automobile2. The main purpose of crop rotation is to:A. Increase crop yieldB. Prevent soil erosionC. Enhance soil fertilityD. Improve crop variety3. What is the most widely used method for pest control in modern agriculture?A. Chemical pesticidesB. Biological controlC. Mechanical controlD. Cultural control4. The practice of organic farming aims to:A. Increase the use of synthetic fertilizersB. Minimize the use of chemical inputsC. Maximize crop production regardless of environmental impactD. Focus solely on crop yield5. What is the primary goal of agricultural extension services?A. To provide farmers with financial loansB. To educate farmers on modern farming techniquesC. To sell agricultural equipment to farmersD. To conduct agricultural research6. The use of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) in agriculture is mainly for:A. Enhancing crop resistance to diseasesB. Reducing the need for laborC. Increasing the size of the cropsD. Decreasing the cost of production7. Which of the following is not a benefit of drip irrigation in agriculture?A. Water conservationB. Improved soil structureC. Reduced labor costsD. Increased fertilizer use8. The term "sustainable agriculture" refers to:A. Agriculture that can be maintained indefinitelyB. Agriculture that focuses solely on profitC. Agriculture that relies heavily on non-renewable resourcesD. Agriculture that causes significant environmental damage9. What is the role of agricultural cooperatives?A. To compete with large corporationsB. To provide a platform for farmers to sell their productsC. To reduce the importance of farming communitiesD. To discourage the use of modern farming techniques10. The Green Revolution in agriculture was characterized by:A. The widespread use of traditional farming methodsB. The introduction of high-yielding crop varietiesC. A focus on organic farming practicesD. A decrease in the use of agricultural machinery二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. The process of converting light energy into chemical energy in plants is known as __________.2. The main component of natural fertilizers is __________.3. The use of __________ in agriculture can lead to soil and water pollution.4. The practice of __________ involves planting different crops in the same field over successive seasons.5. The __________ is a global initiative to promote sustainable agricultural practices.6. The __________ is a method of pest control that uses natural enemies to reduce pest populations.7. The __________ is a type of irrigation that delivers water directly to the plant roots.8. The __________ is a system that combines crop andlivestock production to create a sustainable cycle.9. The __________ is a method of farming that avoids the use of synthetic fertilizers and pesticides.10. The __________ is a type of agriculture that focuses on the efficient use of resources and minimal environmental impact.三、简答题（每题10分，共40分）1. Explain the concept of integrated pest management (IPM) in agriculture.2. Describe the role of irrigation in agricultural production.3. Discuss the importance of crop diversification in sustainable agriculture.4. What are the challenges faced by small-scale farmers in adopting modern agricultural technologies?四、论述题（每题20分，共20分）1. Discuss the impact of climate change on agricultural production and suggest possible mitigation strategies.答案：一、选择题1. D2. C3. A4. B5. B6. A7. D8. A9. B10. B二、填空题1. Photosynthesis2. Organic matter3. Chemical fertilizers4. Crop rotation5. The International Year of Soils6. Biological control7. Drip irrigation8. Agroecology9. Organic farming10. Precision agriculture三、简答题1. Integrated pest management (IPM) is an approach that focuses on long-term prevention of pests by using a combination of techniques such as biological control, habitat manipulation, modification of cultural practices, and the use of resistant varieties. IPM aims to minimize the use of chemical pesticides and reduce the impact on the environment.2. Irrigation is crucial in agricultural production as it provides the necessary water for crop growth, especially in areas with insufficient rainfall. It can increase crop yields, improve the quality of produce, and allow for the cultivation of a wider variety of crops.3. Crop diversification is important in sustainableagriculture as it helps to reduce the risk of crop failuredue to pests or diseases affecting a single crop type.。

华南农业大学继续教育学院2021年第2学期期末考试英语

华南农业大学继续教育学院2021年第2学期期末考试英语1. allow （）. [单选题] *A. activeB. abroad(正确答案)C. ancientD. answer2. clean （）. [单选题] *A. breakB. breakfastC. deal(正确答案)D. heavy3. excuse （）. [单选题] *A. understandB. usually(正确答案)C. upsetD. success4. rely （）. [单选题] *A. reallyB. reply(正确答案)C. simplyD. slowly5. remind （）. [单选题] *A. mistakeB. minuteC. idea(正确答案)D. ski6. Don't tell a lie, little boy! You should be __ honest child. （）. [单选题] *A. aB. an(正确答案)C. theD. ×7. __ is watching TV. Turn it off, will you? （）. [单选题] *A. SomebodyB. Nobody(正确答案)C. AnybodyD. Everybody8. When a driver sees the sign STOP, he _ stop. He _ go on. （）. [单选题] *A. mustn't, mustB. can, can'tC. can't, canD. must, can't(正确答案)9. You have done quite enough work today, now take __ easy for an hour. （）. [单选题] *A. it(正确答案)B. youC. thatD. them10. There are still twenty minutes left. If we run, we will ____. （）. [单选题] *A. go offB. get itC. make it(正确答案)D. reach11. _______?—It's sunny and windy. （）. [单选题] *A. How is it goingB. Do you like the weatherC. How is it likeD. How is the weather(正确答案)12. —I think drinking milk every morning is good __ our health.—Yes. I agree __ you. （）. [单选题] *A. to, toB. for, with(正确答案)C. at, withD. with, to13. He has never traveled to a foreign country,_? （）. [单选题] *A. does heB. doesn't heC. hasn't heD. has he(正确答案)14. __ is impolite to cut in line when you are waiting for a bus. （）. [单选题] *A. ThisB. TheC. It(正确答案)D. Which15. I look forward to __ from you soon. （）. [单选题] *A. heardB. hearC. hearing(正确答案)D. hears16. —Did you see the film—Rush Hour last night?—No, I didn't. I_ it several times. （）. [单选题] *A. sawB. have seen(正确答案)D. would see17. ___ to ask me for help? （）. [单选题] *A. Why don't comeB. Why not come(正确答案)C. Why you don't comeD. Why not to come18. My grandma didn't go to sleep ___I got back home. （）. [单选题] *A. whereB. whileC. as soon asD. until(正确答案)19. Please tell me how much __ to go to Beijing by air? （）. [单选题] *A. will it costB. will it spendC. it will cost(正确答案)D. it will spend20.―Who taught __ English?——Nobody. She learned it by ___. （）. [单选题] *A. herself, herB. her, herself(正确答案)D. her, her21. There are about __ in our school. （）. [单选题] *A. two thousand studentB. two thousands studentC. two thousand students(正确答案)D. two thousands students22. —What will you do if it ____ tomorrow?—I will stay at home and watch the match on TV. （）. [单选题] *A. rainB. rains(正确答案)C. will rainD. is raining23. Johnson did not show much _____ his father's business. （）. [单选题] *A. concernB. concern about(正确答案)C. concern ofD. care24. _ nice present it is! （）. [单选题] *A. What a(正确答案)B. HowC. WhatD. How a25. —Where is Tom?—He's left a__ saying that he has something important to do. （）. [单选题] *A. excuseB. sentenceC. newsD. message(正确答案)26. Jason ____ an hour playing football every day. （）. [单选题] *A. paysB. takesC. costsD. spends(正确答案)27. This news sounds ___. （）. [单选题] *A. exciting(正确答案)B. excitedC. exciteD. to excite28. Can you say it __ as possible? I cannot hear you clearly. （）. [单选题] *A. as loudB. so loudC. as loudly(正确答案)D. so loudly29. People __ red lanterns here and there in celebration of the Spring Festival. （）. [单选题] *A. hang up(正确答案)B. hang onC. hanged upD. hung on30. In my opinion，breaker(霹雳舞)__ young people. （）. [单选题] *A. popular withB. popular toC. popular inD. is popular only with(正确答案)31. （）. [单选题] *A. andB. but(正确答案)C. soD. for32. （）. [单选题] *A. how much(正确答案)B. how manyC. how oftenD. how long33. （）. [单选题] *A. whereB. whatC. whichD. how(正确答案)34. （）. [单选题] *A. learnB. have learnedC. be learned(正确答案)D. learning35. （）. [单选题] *A. importantB. more important(正确答案)C. less importantD. much important36. （）. [单选题] *A. rightB. wrongC. hardD. easy(正确答案)37. （）. [单选题] *A. use(正确答案)B. rememberC. understandD. know38. （）. [单选题] *A. somethingB. anythingC. everything(正确答案)D. nothing39. （）. [单选题] *A. hisB. their(正确答案)C. theirsD. her40. （）. [单选题] *A. a littleB. a fewC. little(正确答案)D. few41. Mike took the car to a nearby garage because _. （）. [单选题] *A. he wanted to buy a new carB. his father worked thereC. there was something wrong with the car(正确答案)D. there was a cinema near there42. How many hours late was Mike in meeting his father? （）. [单选题] *A. Four.B. Three.C. One.D. Two.(正确答案)43. Mike's father went home __. （）. [单选题] *A. on foot(正确答案)B. by taxiC. by carD. by bus44. Mike's father was angry because _. （）. [单选题] *A. Mike met him too lateB. Mike told a lie to him(正确答案)C. Mike broke his carD. Mike went to the cinema45. We can learn from the story that _. （）. [单选题] *A. Mike’s father was too cruel(残酷的) to MikeB. Mike was a bad boyC. we should not tell a lie(正确答案)D. we should do things on time46. The old man was __. （）. [单选题] *A. GermanyB. AmericanC. English(正确答案)D. Canadian47. “Take his order” here means __. （）. [单选题] *A. put everything in orderB. have some food booked(正确答案)C. eat somethingD. take his turn48. Which of the following sentences is TRUE? （）. [单选题] *A. The woman hadn't been to a cafeteria for the first time.(正确答案)B. The woman was a friend of that man.C. The waiters didn't like to serve him because he was olD. There was nobody eating in the cafeteria.49. From this story, we know if you want to get success in America, you should __. （）. [单选题] *A. take your orderB. know how a cafeteria worksC get up again if you failD. try to get everything by yourself,(正确答案)50. The best title of the story is _·（）. [单选题] *A. From Britain to AmericaB. How a Cafeteria WorksC. Life Is Like a Cafeteria in America(正确答案)D. Eating in an America Cafeteria51. Which of the following is NOT necessary for a young man who wants to drive a car alone? （）. [单选题] *A. He has to pass a driving test to get a full license.B. He has to learn to drive in a driving school.(正确答案)C. He has to get a special two-year driving license.D. He has to reach the age of 17.52. A person can't take money for driving lessons unless he __（）. [单选题] *A. has a full license and a teacher's license(正确答案)B. has a driving schoolC. is good at drivingD. has learned to drive in a driving school53. In the driving test, one __. （）. [单选题] *A. must drive his own carB. has to do some test papersC. is usually asked to drive on roads for half an hour(正确答案)D. should have 212 driving lessons54. The car drivers began to take a driving test in __. （）. [单选题] *A. 1878B. 1904C. 1935(正确答案)D. 197055. The best title for the passage is ___. （）. [单选题] *A. Britain Car DriversB. Young Men’s Driving LicensesC. Tests for British PeopleD. Driving License in Britain(正确答案)56. popular （） [单选题] *A. clever, quick in thinkingB. do sth. to show a day or an event is very importantC. liked by many people(正确答案)D. make known, show by words, looks, actionsE. come or go afterF. in or of times long agoG. something is done or is to be doneH. excellent, without faultI. knowledge in the form of factsJ. to make someone remember something57. follow （） [单选题] *A. clever, quick in thinkingB. do sth. to show a day or an event is very importantC. liked by many peopleD. make known, show by words, looks, actionsE. come or go after(正确答案)F. in or of times long agoG. something is done or is to be doneH. excellent, without faultI. knowledge in the form of factsJ. to make someone remember something58. activity （） [单选题] *A. clever, quick in thinkingB. do sth. to show a day or an event is very importantC. liked by many peopleD. make known, show by words, looks, actionsE. come or go afterF. in or of times long agoG. something is done or is to be done(正确答案)H. excellent, without faultI. knowledge in the form of factsJ. to make someone remember something59. remind （） [单选题] *A. clever, quick in thinkingB. do sth. to show a day or an event is very importantC. liked by many peopleD. make known, show by words, looks, actionsE. come or go afterF. in or of times long agoG. something is done or is to be doneH. excellent, without faultI. knowledge in the form of factsJ. to make someone remember something(正确答案)60. Perfect （） [单选题] *A. clever, quick in thinkingB. do sth. to show a day or an event is very importantC. liked by many peopleD. make known, show by words, looks, actionsE. come or go afterF. in or of times long agoG. something is done or is to be doneH. excellent, without fault(正确答案)I. knowledge in the form of factsJ. to make someone remember something61. ancient （） [单选题] *A. clever, quick in thinkingB. do sth. to show a day or an event is very importantC. liked by many peopleD. make known, show by words, looks, actionsE. come or go afterF. in or of times long ago(正确答案)G. something is done or is to be doneH. excellent, without faultI. knowledge in the form of factsJ. to make someone remember something62. smart （） [单选题] *A. clever, quick in thinking(正确答案)B. do sth. to show a day or an event is very importantC. liked by many peopleD. make known, show by words, looks, actionsE. come or go afterF. in or of times long agoG. something is done or is to be doneH. excellent, without faultI. knowledge in the form of factsJ. to make someone remember something63. information （） [单选题] *A. clever, quick in thinkingB. do sth. to show a day or an event is very importantC. liked by many peopleD. make known, show by words, looks, actionsE. come or go afterF. in or of times long agoG. something is done or is to be doneH. excellent, without faultI. knowledge in the form of facts(正确答案)J. to make someone remember something64. express （） [单选题] *A. clever, quick in thinkingB. do sth. to show a day or an event is very importantC. liked by many peopleD. make known, show by words, looks, actions(正确答案)E. come or go afterF. in or of times long agoG. something is done or is to be doneH. excellent, without faultI. knowledge in the form of factsJ. to make someone remember something65. celebrate （） [单选题] *A. clever, quick in thinkingB. do sth. to show a day or an event is very important(正确答案)C. liked by many peopleD. make known, show by words, looks, actionsE. come or go afterF. in or of times long agoG. something is done or is to be doneH. excellent, without faultI. knowledge in the form of factsJ. to make someone remember something66. （） [单选题] *A. When shall I come?B. This Saturday evening.C. (And) Would you like to come to the party?(正确答案)D. All right.E. Just a moment.67. （） [单选题] *A. When shall I come?B. This Saturday evening.(正确答案)C. (And) Would you like to come to the party?D. All right.E. Just a moment.68. （） [单选题] *A. When shall I come?B. This Saturday evening.C. (And) Would you like to come to the party?D. All right.(正确答案)E. Just a moment.69. （） [单选题] *A. When shall I come?(正确答案)B. This Saturday evening.C. (And) Would you like to come to the party?D. All right.E. Just a moment.70. （） [单选题] *A. When shall I come?B. This Saturday evening.C. (And) Would you like to come to the party?D. All right.E. Just a moment.(正确答案)。

华农农学院专业英语考试题目答案

South China Agricultural University华南农业大学agricultural college农学院domestic and overseas国内外Agricultural administrative departments管理部门Distinguished著名的Advanced university 高等大学research institution研究机构Ministry of Agriculture of China中国农业部International Rice Research Institute国际水稻研究所China Agricultural University中国农业大学Food and Agriculture Organization（FAO）联合国粮农组织United States Department of Agriculture美国农业部Purdue University普度大学Agricultural college of South China Agricultural University（SCAU）is closely linked with agricultural administrative departments from domestic and overseas、distinguished advanced universities and other research institutions.Such as Ministry of Agriculture of China、International Rice Research Institute、China Agricultural University、Food and Agriculture Organization(FAO)、United States Department of Agriculture and Purdue University.In southern China中国南方地区maturity 熟性growth and development 生长发育manufacturing experience 生产经验Rice is the principal cereal crops in southern China，after long-term domestication，it’s maturity、growth、development、etc have adapted to the climate conditions of local region, the farmers of the local region have extensive manufacturing experiences of rice growing, moreover great progress has been made in rice breeding, in short the rice growing of local region is going in the direction of low-power、high-quality and high-yield.参与亚太经全组织对中国的影响是多方面的。

管理学英语习题答案

I.语法、词汇1.B2.B3.C4.D5.A6. A7.A8.C9.D 10.B 11.A 12.B 13.A 14.C 15.B 16.C 17.B 18.B 19.C 20.D 21.A 22.C 23.D 24.A 25.C 26.A 27.B 28.C 29.B 30．C 31.C 32.C 33.C 34.D 35.B 36.A 37.D 38.D 39.A 40.B41.C 42.C 43.D 4.A 45.C 46.A 47.B 48．C 49．B50. C 51.C 52.B 53.B 54.C 55.D 56.B 57.D 58.A 59.C 60.B 61．C 62．B 63．D 64．A 65．B 66．B 67．B 68．D 69．B 70．C 71．C 72．B 73.D 74.A 75．B 76．B 77．B 78.D 79.B 80.CII.完形填空第一题21. C 22. D 23. A 24. B 25. A26. C 27. D 28. B 29. D 30. A31. A 32. C 33. B 34. D 35. B36. A 37. B 38. B 39. C 40. A第二题21.C 22.A 23.A 24.D 25.C26.D 27.C 28.B 29.A 30.C31.B 32.C 33.A 34.A 35.C36.A 37.D 38.D 39.B 40.A第三题21. A 22. B 23. C 24. D 25. C26. A 27. B 28. D 29. B 30. C31. A 32. C 33. B 34. D 35. B36. A 37. B 38. B 39. C 40. A第四题21.A 22.B 23.D 24.D 25.A26.C 27.B 28.C 29.A 30.A31.D 32.B 33.A 34.C 35.CIII.阅读理解第一题41.C 42.B 43.C 44.D 45.B46.C 47.B 48.A 49.B 50.D51.A 52.C 53.B 54.D 55.C56.B 57.D 58.B 59.A 60.C第二题41. B 42. B 43. C 44. D 45. B46. B 47. D 48. C 49. D 50. D51. C 52. B 53. C 54. B 55. D56. B 57. B 58. C 59. D 60. B第三题36.A 37.D 38.B 39.A 40.D41.B 42.D 43.B 44.A 45.C46.C 47.D 48.A 49.B 50.C51.A 52.D 53.C 54.B 55.C第四题41. B 42. D 43. C 44. D 45. D46. B 47. B 48. C 49. D 50. B51. B 52. B 53. C 54. D 55. B56. C 57. B 58. C 59. B 60. DIV.词形转换第一题56. translator 57. increasingly 58. prevention 59. cloudlessly 60. speaking61. appointed 62. additionally 63. finishing 64. led 65. missing,第二题61.actor 62.increasingly 63. cloudy 64 pursuit 65 age 66. embarrassed 67. addition 68.successfully 69. living 70. rationalize第三题61. depending 62. effective 63. be spent 64. addressed 65. desirable66. appearance 67. surprisingly 68. permitting 69. played 70. to followV.句子翻译1. No mater how busy you are, you should try to make it back to the class reunion.2. You should judge by yourself, and not always follow your brother’s lead.3. I enjoyed her new book though it’s not quite as good as her last one.4. The play was so wonderful that I soon lost myself in the excitement of it.5. Their purpose lies in delaying.6. Every citizen should be entitled to free health care and compulsory education.7. All the students should make full use of opportunities to learn their own courses well.8. Tour is of much help to broaden one’s horizon.9. The American movie was so powerful that all the viewers were lost in its charming story10. It takes some 15 hours to take a plane from New York to Beijing.11. No mater how busy you are, you should try to make it back to the class reunion.12. You should judge by yourself, and not always follow your brother’s lead.13. He bought her what she wanted, regardless of the expenses/costs.14. The play was so wonderful that I soon lost myself in the excitement of it.15. Their purpose lies in delaying.16. It is unusually hot this year17. Once you begin, you must continue.18. It is obvious that you need more practice.19. But for / Without her mother, she would never have finished her college.20. Recent research indicates that daydreaming is part of daily life.。

2022年华南农业大学工商管理专业《管理学》科目期末试卷A(有答案)

2022年华南农业大学工商管理专业《管理学》科目期末试卷A（有答案）一、选择题1、依据情景领导理论，当下属有能力但无意愿干领导希望他们干的工作时，以下哪种领导风格最为合适？（）A．告知 B．推销 C．参与 D．授权2、当企业发现自己生产的产品存在安全隐患时，主动召回该产品是在实践（）。

A．社会响应 B．道德准则C．社会义务 D．社会责任3、罗宾斯（Stephen P.Robbins）概括了管理的四项职能，法约尔（Henri Fayol）则概括了管理的五项职能。

前者与后者相比，有三项职能是相同的，不同的一项是（）。

A．领导 B．协调 C．控制 D．组织4、关于计划的实际效果，许多管理学家都进行过仔细研究，其基本结论是（）。

A．制定正式计划的组织比不制定正式计划的组织绩效要好B．制定正式计划的组织不一定就有好的绩效C．制定正式计划会降低组织的灵活性D．好的计划可以消除变化5、公司产品设计部接受了一项紧急任务，该任务的完成需要进行严密的控制，同时又要争取时间和速度。

在这种情况下，最适合采用哪种沟通网络？（）A．Y式沟通网络 B．全通道式沟通网络C．轮式沟通网络 D．环式沟通网络6、管理中与激励问题有关的公平理论是由（）提出的。

A．马斯洛B．麦格雷戈C．赫茨伯格D．亚当斯7、下列选项中哪个不属于“组织”（organization）所共同具有的三个特性？（）A．明确的目的或目标 B．精细的结构C．文化 D．人员8、如下选项中哪个不属于影响计划工作的权变因素？（）A．组织的层次B．权力的大小C．环境的不确定性D．未来投入的持续时间9、在组织设计中，用来描述组织中各项工作标准化以及员工行为受规则和程序约束程度的变量或要素是（）。

A．工作专门化 B．正规化C．管理跨度D．部门化10、在不确定情况下，除了有限信息的影响之外，另一个影响决策结果的因素是（）。

A．风险性 B．环境的复杂性C．决策者心理定位 D．决策的时间压力二、名词解释11、效率12、有限理性决策13、利益相关者14、组织变革15、管理方格理论16、工作专门化与部门化17、差别化战略18、矩阵型结构三、简答题19、解释非正式（社会）网络在团队管理中发挥的作用。

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华南农业大学期末考试答题纸（A卷）
2008学年第一学期考试科目：管理学基础
考试类型：（闭卷）考试时间：120 分钟学号姓名年级专业
II．Choose the only one correct answer for each question (2 points each question, total 40 points)
Ⅲ. Notion explanation. (4 points each notion, total 20 points)
1.MBO
Management by objectives (2 points)
Four elements: jointly determined objectives; explicit time period; specific objectives; periodically review (0.5 each)
2.Hawthorne effect
Social norms or standards are the key determinants of individual behavior in a group. (4 points)
3.Boundaryless organization
An organization that is not defined or limited by boundaries or categories imposed by traditional structures; attempt to eliminate vertical, horizontal, and inter-organizational barriers. (4 points)
4.Social loafing
The tendency of an individual in a group to decrease his or her effort because responsibility and individual achievement cannot be measured. (4 points)
5.Benchmarking
Searching for best practices among competitors and noncompetitors. (4 points)
IV Medium-length answer. (10 points each question, total 20 points)
1.What are differences between functional and divisional structures? Give an example for these
two types of bureaucratic structure.
Functional structure refers to an organization in which similar and related occupational specialties are grouped together. (1 point)
The strength lies in the advantages that accrue from work specialization. Results in economies of scale, minimizes duplication, satisfy employees etc. (2 points)
but people tend to lose sight of the best interests of the organization as a whole; no one function is totally responsible for the results. (2 points)
A company divides its department into accounting, hr, producing, marketing employed the functional structure. (2 point)
Divisional structure is made up of self-contained units. (1 point)
It focuses on results, frees the headquarters staff from being concerned with operating details; but the major disadvantage lies in the duplication of activities and resources. (2 points)
Companies like GE and PepsiCo have the divisional structure. (1 point)
2.What are Mintzberg’s managerial roles? Cite examples of activities managers you know would
do when performing these roles.
Interpersonal—roles consist of being the figurehead for the organization, assuming the leadership role, and acting as a liaison for the organization. Examples (3 points)
Informational—roles consist of being a monitor of current information which is then dispersed to employees needing that information; also involves being the spokesperson for the organization. Examples (3 points)
Decisional—roles consist of being an entrepreneur for the organization, handling disturbances, allocating resources, and negotiating. Examples (4 points)
V Reading comprehension. (Choose the only one correct answer for each question. 2 point per。