考研英语二(阅读)模拟试卷19

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2023年考研英语二真题试卷+参考答案及解析【详细版】

2023年全国硕士研究生招生考试（英语二）参考答案及解析Section Ⅰ Use of EnglishHere’s a common scenario that any number of entrepreneurs face today: you’re the CEO of a small business and though you're making a nice 1 , you need to find a way to take it to the next level. what you need to do is 2 growth by establishing a growth team. A growth team is made up of members from different departments within your company, and it harnesses the power of collaboration to focus 3 on finding ways to grow.Let's look at a real-world 4 . Prior to forming a growth team, the software company BitTorrent had 50 employees.Working in the 5 departments of engineering, marketing and product development. This brought them good results until 2012, when their growth plateaued. The 6 was that too many customers were using the basic, free version of their product. And 7 improvements to the premium, paid version, few people were making the upgrade.Things changed, 8 , when an innovative project marketing manager came aboard, 9 a growth team and sparked the kind of 10 perspective they needed. By looking at engineering issues from a marketing point of view, it became clear that the 11 of upgrades wasn't due to a quality issue. Most customers were simply unaware of the premium version and what it offered.Armed with this 12 , the marketing and engineering teams joined forces to raise awareness by prominently 13 the premium version to users of the free version. 14 ,upgrades skyrocketed, and revenue increased by 92 percent.But in order for your growth, team to succeed, it needs to a have a strong leader. It needs someone who can 15 the interdisciplinary team and keep them on course for improvement.This leader will 16 the target area, set clear goals and establish a time frame for the 17 of these goals. This growth leader is also 18 for keeping the team focus on moving forward and steer them clear of distractions. 19 attractive, new ideas can be distracting, the team leader must recognize when these ideas don’t 20 the current goal and need to be put on the back burner.1.A. purchase B. profit C. connection D. bet2.A. define B. predict C. prioritize D. appreciate3.A. exclusively B. temporarily C. potentially D. initially4.A. experiment B. proposal C. debate D. example5.A. identical B. marginal C. provisional D. traditional6.A. rumor B. secret C. myth D. problem7.A. despite B. unlike C. through D. besides8.A. moreover B. however C. therefore D. again9.A. inspected B. created C. expanded D. reformed10.A.cultural B. objective C. fresh D. personal11.A. end B. burden C. lack D. decrease12.A. policy B. suggestion C. purpose D. insight13.A. contributing B. allocating C. promoting D. transferring14.A. As a result B. At any rate C. By the way D. In a sense15.A. unite B. finance C. follow D. choose16.A. share B. identify C. divide D. broaden17.A. announcement B. assessment C. adjustment D. accomplishment18.A. famous B. responsible C. available D. respectable19.A. Before B. Once C. While D. Unless20.A. serve B. limit C. summarize D. alter【1】B. profit 原文提到“小公司的CEO也挣到了大钱”。

2021考研英语(二)模拟试卷答案

2021考研英语（二）模拟试卷答案1．【答案】［c］spring[分析]语境意义问题。

文章开头的第一句话说，“目前，在世界上数千所商学院中，很难找到一所认为企业家的技能不是由学校教授的（也就是说，几乎所有的学校都声称他们可以教学生成为企业家的技能）”。

接下来，作者使用定语从句引出下一句话，“当人们想到企业家时，他们脑海中的第一个字符是……”。

这里的正确答案应该是一个动词，意思是“跳进，跳进人们的头脑”，所以正确答案是[C]“跳进，跳进”。

虽然[a]项也可以说“把它带到大脑”，但这里应该是被动语态；同样，项[b]callomid也应该是一个人作为主语D）项appl y to“application，application，application”，这不符合上下文语义内容。

虽然有几个干扰项在词语搭配中是有意义的，但它们要么是语音错误，要么是语义不通。

2．【答案】［b］deliver3.[答][答]的确如此【解析】上下文逻辑题。

文章上文提到很多著名的企业家只不过在商学院做过演讲，而下文指出：“伦敦国王学院的一项最新研究表明了许多人从直觉上产生的______：即成为企业家的技能可能实际上是血液中带来的（即：是遗传的）”。

因此，上下文之间的逻辑关系应该是进一步确认，即正确答案应该选择［a］“的确，确实”。

而［b］项likewise“同样地”、［c］项therefore“因此，所以”、［d］项furthermore“此外，而且”都不符合上下文语意内容，构成的逻辑关系不合理，所以均为干扰项。

4.【答案】【D】嫌疑人【解析】动词辨析题。

文章指出：“伦敦国王学院的一项最新研究表明了许多人从直觉上产生的______：即成为企业家的技能可能实际上是血液中带来的（即：是遗传的）”。

根据所给的四个选项，我们可以判断出来，这个问题的正确答案是［d］“怀疑，猜想”。

其他选项［a］项conclude“断定，得出结论”，表达的是一种确定的结论；［b］项assume“假定，设想”表达的是一种假想；［c］项neglect“忽视，忽略”，表达的是固有的因素而没有被考虑到。

2025年研究生考试考研英语(二204)试卷与参考答案

2025年研究生考试考研英语(二204)复习试卷与参考答案一、完型填空（10分）Part A: Cloze TestRead the following passage and choose the best word or phrase to fill in each of the blanks. Each blank has four choices marked A, B, C, and D. You should choose one answer and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.The rise of the Internet and social media has dramatically changed the way people communicate. (1) __________, these technological advancements have brought both benefits and challenges.1.A. HoweverB. FurthermoreC. NeverthelessD. ThereforeIn the past, communication was primarily (2)__________through letters and phone calls, which were time-consuming and limited in terms of (3) __________.2.A. conductedB. transmittedC. exchangedD. achieved3.A. speedB. reachC. clarityD. frequencyToday, (4)__________communication is instantaneous and allows for global connectivity. People can (5)__________with anyone, anywhere in the world, in just a few clicks.4.A. oralB. writtenC. digitalD. visual5.A. interactB. correspondC. correspond withD. communicateHowever, (6)__________these advantages, there are concerns about the quality of communication. The (7)__________of communication through social media can lead to misunderstandings and misinterpretations.6.A. DespiteB. In light ofC. ConsideringD. Given7.A. speedB. volumeC. diversityD. complexityFor instance, (8)__________language often lacks the nuances and subtleties that are present in face-to-face interactions, which can (9)__________to miscommunication.8.A. informalB. formalC. writtenD. spoken9.A. contributeB. resultC. leadD. deriveMoreover, the (10)__________of social media can also have negative impacts on mental health. Excessive use of social media can lead to (11)__________and feelings of isolation.10.A. convenienceB. popularityC. accessibilityD. prevalence11.A. anxietyB. depressionC. fatigueD. stressTo mitigate these negative effects, it is important for individuals to(12)__________their use of social media and focus on(13)__________communication.12.A. controlB. reduceC. manageD. limit13.A. digitalB. writtenC. verbalD. face-to-faceIn conclusion, while the Internet and social media have revolutionized communication, it is crucial to recognize both the benefits and the challenges they present. By being mindful of our communication habits and seeking a balance, we can harness the power of technology while protecting our mental well-being.14.A. HoweverB. FurthermoreC. NeverthelessD. Therefore15.A. conductedB. transmittedC. exchangedD. achieved16.A. speedB. reachC. clarityD. frequency17.A. oralB. writtenC. digitalD. visual18.A. interactB. correspondC. correspond withD. communicate19.A. DespiteB. In light ofC. ConsideringD. Given20.A. speedB. volumeC. diversityD. complexityAnswers:1.A2.C3.B4.C5.A6.A7.B8.A9.C10.D11.B12.C13.D14.A15.A16.B17.C18.A19.A20.B二、传统阅读理解（本部分有4大题，每大题10分，共40分）第一题Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow.The rise of e-commerce has transformed the way people shop, creating both opportunities and challenges for businesses. Online shopping has become increasingly popular due to its convenience, wide variety of products, and competitive pricing. However, this shift has also led to the closure of many brick-and-mortar stores and has raised concerns about the future of traditional retail.1、Why has online shopping become increasingly popular?A. It is less convenient than traditional shopping.B. It offers a wider variety of products.C. It is more expensive than traditional shopping.D. It is less competitive than traditional shopping.2、What is one of the main reasons for the closure of many brick-and-mortar stores?A. The rise of e-commerce.B. Increased competition from other businesses.C. Higher operating costs.D. Lack of customer interest.3、What concerns have been raised about the future of traditional retail?A. The decline in sales at physical stores.B. The potential loss of jobs in the retail sector.C. The reduction in customer satisfaction.D. The increase in the number of online scams.4、According to the passage, what is one of the advantages of online shopping?A. It requires customers to leave their homes.B. It offers limited customer service options.C. It can lead to a decrease in the variety of products.D. It is more time-consuming than traditional shopping.5、What is the author’s main point about the impact of e-commerce on traditional retail?A. E-commerce is solely beneficial to consumers.B. E-commerce is causing the demise of traditional retail.C. E-commerce and traditional retail are complementary to each other.D. The impact of e-commerce on traditional retail is minimal.Answers:1.B2.A3.B4.B5.B第二题Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions below.In the age of information, the way we consume and process information has undergone a dramatic transformation. The advent of the internet and digital technology has revolutionized the way we access knowledge, communicate, and learn. One of the most significant changes is the shift from traditional print media to digital media.1、The first paragraph of the passage introduces the topic of:A. The impact of digital technology on traditional media.B. The evolution of information consumption over time.C. The role of the internet in modern society.D. The challenges of digital literacy in the information age.2、According to the passage, which of the following statements best describes the transformation in information consumption?A. There has been a gradual shift from print media to digital media.B. There has been a complete elimination of print media.C. The consumption of both print and digital media has decreased.D. The popularity of print media has remained consistent.3、The author mentions “the advent of the internet and digital technology” as a significant factor. What does this imply about their impact?A. They have had a minimal impact on our lives.B. They have revolutionized the way we access and process information.C. They have only affected certain segments of the population.D. They have been detrimental to our ability to learn.4、The passage suggests that the shift to digital media has led to:A. An increase in the amount of time people spend reading.B. A decrease in the quality of information available.C. A more diverse range of information sources.D. A reliance on technology for all forms of learning.5、What is the overall tone of the passage?A. CriticalB. NeutralC. EnthusiasticD. PessimisticAnswers:1、B2、A3、B4、C5、B第三题Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow.In recent years, the rise of social media has dramatically changed the way we communicate and interact with each other. Platforms such as Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram have become an integral part of our daily lives, allowing us to connect with friends and family across the globe. However, this convenience has come at a cost, as social media has also been linked to various negative effects on mental health.1、The passage mentions several social media platforms. Which of the following is NOT mentioned?A. FacebookB. LinkedInC. TwitterD. Instagram2、According to the passage, what is the primary concern regarding social media’s impact on mental health?A. It increases productivity in the workplace.B. It enhances social connections.C. It has a negative impact on mental health.D. It improves communication skills.3、The author suggests that the convenience of social media is:A. the only benefit of using these platforms.B. outweighed by its negative effects.C. a minor aspect of social media use.D. the main reason for its widespread popularity.4、Which of the following is an example of a negative effect of social media on mental health mentioned in the passage?A. Improved job opportunities.B. Increased self-esteem.C. Higher levels of stress and anxiety.D. Enhanced creativity.5、The author’s tone towards social media can best be described as:A. enthusiastic and supportive.B. critical and concerned.C. neutral and objective.D. negative and dismissive.Answers:1、B2、C3、B4、C5、B第四题Reading Passage 1Questions 1-5 are based on the following passage.In the United States, the history of women’s education dates back to thecolonial period. During this time, most women were educated at home, with the help of their mothers and other family members. However, as the country grew and the demand for educated women increased, the need for formal education for women also grew. The first women’s college, Mount Holyoke Female Seminary, w as founded in 1837 by Mary Lyon. This college was a significant step in the history of women’s education, as it provided a place for women to receive a higher education.After the Civil War, the number of women’s colleges in the United States increased dramatically. Many of these colleges were founded by women who were educated themselves and believed that education was essential for women’s advancement. One of the most influential women’s colleges during this time was Vassar College, founded in 1861. Vassar was the first college in the United States to offer a co-educational curriculum.In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the role of women in society began to change. As more women entered the workforce, the need for higher education became even more important. Women’s colleges began to offer more professional and vocational programs to prepare women for careers in medicine, law, and other fields. This period also saw the rise of the women’s suffrage movement, which advocated for women’s right to vote. The fight for suffrage brought women together and highlighted the importance of education in achieving equality.The 20th century was a time of significant change for women’s education. The number of women attending college increased dramatically, and the numberof women earning college degrees also grew. In 1972, Title IX of the Education Amendments was passed, which prohibited discrimination based on sex in any educational program or activity receiving federal financial assistance. This law had a profoun d impact on women’s education, as it opened the door for more women to participate in higher education and pursue their careers.Today, women’s education has become an integral part of American society. Women are attending college and earning degrees in all fields of study. The history of women’s education in the United States is a testament to the determination and resilience of women who have fought for the right to be educated.1、What was the main purpose of the Mount Holyoke Female Seminary?A、To educate men.B、To provide a place for women to receive a higher education.C、To train women for teaching.D、To offer vocational programs.2、What was the significance of Vassar College during the post-Civil War period?A、It was the first college to offer a co-educational curriculum.B、It was the first women’s college to offer professional and vocational programs.C、It was the first college to admit African American students.D、It was the first college to offer a degree in women’s studies.3、What impact did the women’s suffrage movement have on women’s education?A、It led to the creation of more women’s colleges.B、It highlighted the importance of education in achieving equality.C、It resulted in the passage of Title IX.D、It reduced the number of women attending college.4、How did Title IX of the Education Amendments affect women’s education?A、It increased the number of women attending college.B、It reduced the number of women attending college.C、It had no impact on women’s education.D、It increased the number of women earning college degrees.5、What is the main point of the passage?A、The history of women’s education in the United States is a testament to the determination and resilience of women.B、Women’s education has always been a prio rity in the United States.C、The United States has always had a high percentage of women attending college.D、The role of women in society has not changed over time.三、阅读理解新题型（10分）Reading Comprehension Part B (New Type)PassageIn the era of digital transformation, the role of data analytics indecision-making has become increasingly significant. Organizations across various sectors are leveraging data analytics to gain insights, predict trends, and improve their operations. However, with the exponential growth of data, the need for skilled professionals in data analytics has surged. This passage discusses the importance of data analytics in modern business and the skills required to excel in this field.QuestionRead the following passage and answer the questions that follow.PassageData analytics is the process of examining large sets of data to uncover meaningful patterns, trends, and insights. It involves various techniques, such as statistical analysis, data mining, and machine learning, to extract valuable information from raw data. In today’s business environment, data analytics plays a crucial role in several aspects:1.Strategic Decision-Making: Data analytics enables businesses to make informed decisions based on factual evidence rather than intuition or guesswork. By analyzing historical data, companies can identify trends and patterns that may not be apparent through traditional analysis methods.2.Customer Insights: Understanding customer behavior is vital for businesses to develop effective marketing strategies and enhance customer satisfaction. Data analytics can help businesses uncover insights into customer preferences, buying habits, and feedback, leading to personalized marketing campaigns and improved customer experiences.3.Operational Efficiency: Data analytics can streamline business operations by identifying inefficiencies and suggesting improvements. For instance, analyzing supply chain data can help organizations optimize inventory levels and reduce costs.4.Predictive Modeling: Predictive analytics, a subset of data analytics, involves using historical data to make predictions about future events. This can be particularly useful in industries such as finance, healthcare, and retail, where anticipating future trends can lead to competitive advantages.Questions1.What is the primary purpose of data analytics in business decision-making?A. To enhance creativity and innovation.B. To base decisions on factual evidence.C. To eliminate the need for research.D. To provide entertainment for employees.2.According to the passage, how can data analytics benefit customer satisfaction?A. By reducing customer interaction.B. By providing personalized marketing campaigns.C. By increasing the number of competitors.D. By decreasing customer feedback.3.Which of the following is NOT mentioned as an aspect where data analytics can improve business operations?A. Supply chain management.B. Marketing strategies.C. Employee training.D. Inventory optimization.4.What is the main advantage of predictive analytics over traditional analysis methods?A. It requires less historical data.B. It can be used for a wider range of industries.C. It provides more accurate predictions.D. It is less time-consuming.5.Why is data analytics becoming increasingly important in modern business?A. Due to the decline in data availability.B. Due to the rise in data volume.C. Due to the decrease in skilled professionals.D. Due to the elimination of traditional analysis methods.Answers1.B. To base decisions on factual evidence.2.B. By providing personalized marketing campaigns.3.C. Employee training.4.C. It provides more accurate predictions.5.B. Due to the rise in data volume.四、翻译（本大题有5小题，每小题3分，共15分）第一题Translate the following passage into English.原文：“随着互联网的普及，人们获取信息的渠道越来越多样化。

考研模考英语二试卷及答案解析

考研英语模考试卷Reading ComprehensionRead the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(100points)Text1第1段：The world’s richest1%are on course to control as much as two-thirds of the world’s wealth by2030,according to a shocking analysis.World leaders are being warned that the continued accumulation of wealth at the top will fuel growing distrust and anger over the coming decade unless action is taken to restore the balance.第2段：An alarming projection produced by the House of Commons library suggests that if trends seen since the2008financial crash were to continue,then the top1%will hold64%of the world’s wealth by2030.Since2008,the wealth of the richest1%has been growing at an average of6%a year—much faster than the3%growth in wealth of the remaining99%of the world’s population.Should that continue,the top1%would hold wealth equating to$305tn(£216.5tn)—up from$140tn today.第3段：Analysts suggest wealth has become concentrated at the top because of recent income inequality,higher rates of saving among the wealthy,and the accumulation of assets.The wealthy also invested a large amount of equity in businesses,stocks and other financial assets, which have handed them disproportionate benefits.第4段：A major problem with the influence exerted by the very wealthy leads to falling levels of trust.In a new polling by Opinium,participants were asked to select a group that would have the most power in2030,and most(34%)said the super-rich,while28%opted for national governments.Those surveyed said they feared the consequences of wealth inequality would be rising levels of corruption(41%)or the“super-rich enjoying unfair influence on government policy”(43%).第5段：The research above was commissioned by Liam Byrne,the former Labour cabinet minister,as part of a gathering of MPs,academics,business leaders,trade unions and civil society leaders focused on addressing the problem.第6段：Byrne,who organised the first OECD(Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development)global parliamentary conference on inclusive growth,cautioned that the already tilted scale of world’s wealth was about to“take its last straw”.“If we don’t take steps to rewritethe rules of how our economies work,then we condemn ourselves to a future that remains unequal for good,”he said.“That’s morally bad,and economically disastrous,risking a new explosion in instability,corruption and poverty.”第7段：Danny Dorling,professor of geography at the University of Oxford,said the scenario in which the super-rich accumulated even more wealth by2030was a realistic one.“Even if the income of the wealthiest people in the world stops rising dramatically in the future,their wealth will continue to grow for one to two more decades”he said.1.According to Paragraph1,what would happen by2030A.World leaders would be relieved of their position.B.Public anger at the wealthiest would be reconciled.C.The richest would pocket over half of the world’s wealth.D.The poor would demonstrate their power through protest.2.It is suggested that the other99%of the world’s population.A.was far more impacted by the2008financial crisis than the richest1%B.could hardly catch up with the other1%in wealth despite moderate growthC.has to double its increase rate in wealth to achieve a proportional distributionD.needs to expand their investment in business and other financial assets3.The results from Opinium’s new polling are mentioned to.A.demonstrate people’s declining faith in government sectorsB.explain the supreme power possessed by the super-richC.express the growing concern over political corruptionD.reveal unfair policy-making in favor of the super-rich4.The expression“take its last straw”is closest in meaning to.A.collapse under the ultimate burdenB.take the last opportunityC.face a demanding challengeplete its final process5.According to Danny Dorling,the current trend of wealth accumulation among the super-rich is.A.dramaticB.questionableC.idealisticD.unstoppableText2第1段：The number of people forced to flee their homes rose to a record high in2017,with 16.2million people newly displaced around the world.The figure includes people who have been displaced for the first time,and those who have been forced from their homes multiple times.第2段：The figure of68.5million displaced people—3million higher than the total population of the UK—includes25.4million refugees,40million internally displaced and3.1 million asylum seekers.The increase came despite the return of more than5million displaced people to their countries of origins.第3段：Despite its large number,displaced population in some sense is not a ubiquitous issue. The annual figures,compiled by the UN refugee agency,UNHCR(United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees),saw five countries accounting for two-thirds of all refugees (excluding those defined as long-term Palestinian refugees):Syria(6.3million);Afghanistan(2.6 million);South Sudan(2.4million);Myanmar(1.2million)and Somalia(986,400).第4段：The new figures emerged after the actor and director Angelina Jolie,a special envoy for the UN agency,warned of a funding shortfall for the agency’s work in Syria—the largest group of displaced.Speaking during a visit to Domiz Camp in Iraq on Sunday,home to33,000refugees displaced by the Syrian war,Jolie told a press conference that the agency’s appeal for Syrian refugees was hugely underfunded even in comparison with last year.第5段：When UNHCR’s Syria response was only50%funded last year,and this year it is only17%funded,there are terrible human consequences.We should be under no illusions about this.When there is even not the bare minimum of aid,refugee families cannot receive adequate medical treatment,women and girls will be left vulnerable to sexual violence,many children cannot go to school,and we squander the opportunity of being able to invest in refugees so that they can acquire new skills and support their families.第6段：The new totals come at the end of a decade of sharply rising numbers of displaced, which have risen inexorably from more than42million in2007to the current total.This means one in every110people in the world is currently displaced,with most of the sharp increase occurring in the last five years.第7段：Although Syria once again dominated the figures,2017was also marked by a significant rise in displaced people from North and Central America,with increasing numbers of people journeying to seek asylum in Mexico and the US,even as Venezuelans continued to flow out to neighbouring countries.The totals also saw the sixth successive year of increases in the number of refugees under UNHCR’s mandate,with a rise of just under3million last year to atotal just short of20million,the highest known total to date.6.The current trend of the number of displaced population is the one of.A.steadinessB.fluctuationC.declineD.upsurge7.By listing figures of the five countries,the author intends to show that.A.Syria has the largest number of refugees among the five countriesB.the other one-third of the refugees can hardly be identifiedC.displaced population concentrates in a few number of countriesD.civil conflicts are most serious in some Middle-east countries8.According to Jolie,the relief work in Syria faces the problem of.A.overpopulation of refugeesB.inadequacy in fundingC.political disagreementD.local disturbances9.Which of the following would happen without even minimum aid?A.Refugees would be deprived of the chance to earn their own living.B.Females would stand at a grave disadvantage against mistreatment.C.Children cannot be admitted to schools opened for non-refugees.D.The spread of epidemic cannot be controlled in refugee camps.10.Which of the following would be the best title for the text?A.The Rising Number of Refugees WorldwideB.The Difficulty in Seeking Political AsylumC.The Complete Failure of UNHCR’s MandateD.The Serious Situation of Syrian RefugeesText3第1段：Barely3percent of the American work force bikes or walks to work with any frequency,despite the obvious virtues:decreased risks for obesity and diabetes,environmental benefits and lower transportation costs.Ask people why they“eschew”what’s known as active commuting,however,as many surveys have,and the primary reason cited is time.Those thingstake too long,most say.第2段：They’re probably wrong.A new study published in a journal called “Transportmetrica A:Transport Science”shows that people often overestimate the timerequired to commute actively,a miscalculation especially common when someone has secured a parking permit near the office.第3段：For the study,researchers at Penn State solicited the school’s faculty,staff and students to complete an extensive series of online questionnaires about their fitness,health, commuting and parking habits,comfort and ability on a bike or as pedestrians,distance from home to their main workplace on campus and how long they thought it would take them to either bike or walk that distance.Only a few of the505respondents went by foot or bike;most of them were students.Estimates of commuting times were then compared with the corresponding route times calculated by Google Maps.The researchers independently timed some of the routes by walking or riding them.第4段：The survey participants—faculty and staff members above all—proved to be generally poor at guessing active-commuting times.About90percent of their estimates were too long by at least10minutes.The few assessments close to Google’s were almost always made by riders or walkers.Parking availability and distances affected the estimates.第5段：Those with parking permits,a fiercely sought-after campus amenity,tended to overestimate active-commuting times significantly;the closer someone lived to the workplace,the better the guesses.Confidence had an outsize effect,too.The people surveyed,especially women, who had little bicycling experience or who did not feel physically fit thought that active commuting would require considerably more time than the Google calculations.第6段：The study is limited,of course,because it relies on an insular,self-selected group ofrespondents to provide information about themselves,a topic on which people can be surprisingly unreliable.The published results also did not delve into such pressing active-commuting concerns as hygiene,showers or the logistics of carrying changes of clothes.第7段：“But the study’s results do indicate that time may be less of a barrier to active commuting than many might anticipate,”says Melissa Bopp,an associate professor of kinesiology at Penn State and the study’s senior author.“I’d urge anyone who is considering biking or walking to work to do a test run,”she says,perhaps on a weekend(although the traffic patterns will be different from those during the week).Ask colleagues for route suggestions.“Google is good at finding bike paths,”she says,but it emphasizes brevity and directness over scenery for walkers.11.The word“eschew”(Para.1)most probably means.A.breachB.guardC.acclaimD.avoid12.According to the“Transportmetrica A:Transport Science”,people.A.fail to calculate the active commute time correctlyB.are reduced to finding parking space personallyC.overrate the required time to secure a parking permitD.make an accurate prediction about the time consumed13.Which of the following is true about the survey participants according to Paragraphs4and5?A.Their mathematical ability is inferior to others’.B.The influence of confidence has been overvalued.C.Parking right is a contributing factor to their calculation.D.They feel physically fit by choosing an active commute.14.According to Melissa Bopp,the time consumed in active commuting may.A.be exaggerated partlyB.deserve more attentionC.be estimated continuallyD.need to be strengthened15.Melissa Bopp’s attitude toward working by bike or by foot is.A.indifferentB.supportiveC.indignantD.apprehensiveText4第1段：How effective are antimicrobial“courtesy masks”at preventing the spread of contagious airborne illnesses?The best evidence suggests that,when sick,wearing a mask can help to protect others from getting sick.And when well,wearing a mask around those who are sick will probably decrease your own chances of becoming infected.But the masks are far from foolproof.第2段：Courtesy masks,or what we doctors refer to as medical masks,were introduced into the operating room in the late1800s.They quickly became popular among a public eager to protect itself against the influenza epidemic of1918.A century later,the advent of modern molecular techniques confirmed that medical masks can indeed provide good protection againstflu.第3段：In a2013study,researchers counted the number of virus particles in the air around patients with flu.They found that medical masks decreased the exhalation of large viral droplets 25-fold.The masks were,however,less effective against the fine viral droplets that can remain suspended in the air longer and are therefore more infectious,cutting them by2.8times.第4段：Surgical masks also afford fairly good protection for the worried well.In an oft-cited study of446nurses,researchers found surgical masks were as good,or nearly as good,at protecting the wearer against flu as breathing apparatus,a somewhat more high-tech,masklike device used in hospitals.The work of Australian investigators provides further support for the value of the simple medical mask.They estimate that in a home setting,wearing a surgical mask decreases a well person’s risk of getting sick by60percent to80percent.第5段：However,most people fail to wear a mask faithfully enough to achieve this degree of protection,and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention remains ambiguous about the use of masks outside of health care settings.“No recommendation can be made at this time for mask use in the community by asymptomatic persons,including those at high risk for complications,to prevent exposure to influenza viruses,”the agency concludes on its website,“If you don’t have a mask,or don’t want to wear one,standing at least six feet from an infected person will increase your chances for staying healthy.”第6段：The air surrounding sick people,even if they aren’t coughing or sneezing,is loaded with small infectious particles,and the farther you are from them,the better.Washing your hands frequently,of course,is also critical for staying healthy,since touching infected fingers to the eyes, nose or mouth can transmit infection.16.It can be inferred from Paragraph1that wearing a mask.A.can defend the sick from radiationB.still faces the danger of getting sickC.is of little significance for the healthyD.enjoys a vital position against epidemics17.Modern molecular techniques verified.A.people’s increased awareness of the fluB.their significant impact on medicineC.the reliability of medical masksD.the urgency of fighting against flu18.According to Paragraph4,which of the following is true about masks?A.The effect of masks is no less than that of breathing apparatus.B.Masks can actually assist people with psychological anxiety.C.Masklike-device has gained popularity in hospitals and clinics.D.Australian investigators offer new insights into medical masks.19.In Paragraph5,the author shows his concern that.A.the habit of wearing masks has not yet been cultivatedB.most people didn’t succeed in addressing some problemsC.the agency failed to give some constructive suggestionsD.the use of masks is not generalized in health care settings20.In an environment loaded with infectious particles,people.A.are bound to suffer from coughingB.are suggested to take some precautionsC.are unable to be healthy by any meansD.are supposed to stay away from the sick答案解析：题号：1.【答案】C。

2023年全国硕士研究生考试考研英语二试题真题(含答案)

2023年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（二）试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Here’s a common scenario that any number of entrepreneurs face today: you’re the CEO of a small business, and though you’re making a nice __1__, you need to find a way to take it to the next level. What you need to do is __2__ growth by establishing a growth team. A growth team is made up of members from different departments within your company, and it harnesses the power of collaboration to focus __3___ on finding ways to grow.Let’s look at a real-world __4___. Prior to forming a growth team, the software company BitTorrent had 50 employees working in the __5___ departments of engineering, marketing and product development. This brought them good results until 2012, when their growth plateaued. The __6__ was that too many customers were using the basic, free version of their product. And __7__ making improvements to the premium, paid version, few people were making the upgrade. Things changed, __8__, when an innovative project-marketing manager came aboard, __9__ a growth team and sparked the kind of __10__ perspective they needed. By looking at engineering issues from a marketing point of view, it became clear that the __11__ of upgrades wasn’t due to a quality issue. Most customers were simply unaware of the premium version and what it offered. Armed with this __12__, the marketing and engineering teams joined forces to raise awareness by prominently ___13____ the premium version to users of the free version. ____14_____, upgrades skyrocketed, and revenue increased by 92 percent.But in order for your growth team to succeed, it needs to have a strong leader. It needs someone who can ___15__ the interdisciplinary team and keep them on course for improvement.This leader will __16__ the target area, set clear goals and establish a time frame for the___17___ of these goals. The growth leader is also __18__ for keeping the team focused on moving forward and steering them clear of distractions. __19__ attractive new ideas can be distracting, the team leader must recognize when these ideas don’t __20___ the current goal and need to be put on the back burner.1.[A] purchase[B]profit[C]connection[D]bet2.[A] define[B]predict[C]prioritize[D]appreciate3.[A] exclusively[B]temporarily[C]potentially[D]initially4.[A] experiment[B]proposal[C]debate[D]example5.[A] identical[B]marginal[C]provisional[D]traditional6.[A] rumor[B]secret[C]myth[D]problem7. [A] despite[B] unlike [C] through [D] besides8. [A] moreover [B] however[C] therefore [D] again9. [A] inspected [B] created[C] expanded [D] reformed10. [A] cultural [B] objective [C] fresh [D] personal11. [A] end [B] burden [C] lack[D] decrease12. [A] policy [B] suggestion [C] purpose [D] insight13. [A] contributing [B] allocating [C] promoting[D] transforming14. [A] as a result[B] at any rate [C] by the way [D] in a sense15. [A] unite[B] finance [C] follow [D] choose16. [A] share [B] identify[C] divide [D] broaden17.[A] announcement [B] assessment [C] adjustment [D]accomplishment18. [A] famous [B] responsible[C] available [D] respective19. [A] before [B] once [C] while[D] unless20. [A] serve[B] limit [C] summarize [D] alterSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by Choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1In the quest for the perfect lawn, homeowners across the country are taking a shortcut — and it is the environment that is paying the price. About eight million square metres of plastic grass is sold each year but opposition has now spread to the highest gardening circles.The Chelsea Flower Show has banned fake grass from this year’s event, declaring it to be not part of its ethos. The Royal Horticultural Society (RHS), which runs the annual show in west London, says it has introduced the ban because of the damage plastic grass does to the environment and biodiversity.Ed Horne, of the RHS, said: “We launched our sustainability strategy last year and fake grass is just not in line with our ethos and views on plastic. We recommend using real grass because of its environmental benefits, which include supporting wildlife, mitigating flooding and cooling the environment.”The RHS’s decision comes as campaigners try to raise awareness of the problems fake grass causes. A Twitter account called Shit Lawns, which claims to “cut through the greenwash” of artificial grass, already has more than 20,000 followers. It is trying to encourage people to sign two petitions, one calling for a ban on the sale of plastic grass and another calling for an “ecological damage” tax on such lawns. They have gathered 7,260 and 11,272 signatures.However, supporters of fake grass point out that there is also an environmental impact with natural lawns, which need mowing and therefore usually consume electricity or petrol. The industry also points out that real grass requires considerable amounts of water, weed killer or other treatments and that people who lay fake grass tend to use their garden more. The industry also claims that people who lay fake grass spend an average of £500 on trees or shrubs for their garden, which provides habitat for insects.In response to another petition last year about banning fake lawns, which gathered 30,000 signatures, the government responded that it has “no plans to ban the use of artificial grass”.It added: “We prefer to help people and organizations make the right choice rather than legislating on such matters. However, the use of artificial grass must comply with the legal and policy safeguards in place to protect biodiversity and ensure sustainable drainage, while measures such as the strengthened biodiversity duty should serve to encourage public authorities to consider sustainable alternatives.”21. The RHS thinks that plastic grass __________.[A] is harmful to the environment[B] is a hot topic in gardening circles[C] is overpraised in the annual show[D] is ruining the view of west London22. The petitions mentioned in para.3 reveal the campaigner's ________.[A] disappointment with the RHS[B] resistance to fake grass use[C] anger over the proposed tax[D] concern above real grass supply23. In para 4, supporters of fake grass point out that_________.[A] the necessity to lower the costs of fake grass[B] the disadvantages of growing real grass[C] the way to take care of artificial lawns[D] the challenges of insect habitat protection24. What would the government do with regard to artificial grass?[A] urge legislation to restrict its use[B] take measures to guarantee its quality[C] remind its users to obey existing rules[D] replace it with sustainable alternatives25. It can be learned from the text that fake grass ________ .[A] is being improved continuously[B] has been a market share decline[C] is becoming affordable[D] has been a controversial productText 2It’s easy to dismiss as absurd the Trump administration’s ideas for plugging the chronic funding gap of our national parks. Can anyone really think it’s a good idea to allow Amazon deliveries to your tent in Yosemite or food trucks to line up under the redwood trees at Sequoia National Park? But the administration is right about one thing: U.S. national parks are in crisis. Collectively, they have a maintenance backlog of more than $12 billion. Roads, trails, restrooms, visitor centers and other infrastructure are crumbling.But privatizing and commercializing the campgrounds would not be the panacea that the Interior Department’s Outdoor Advisory Committee would have us believe. Campgrounds are a tiny portion of the overall infrastructure backlog, and concessionaires in the parks hand over, on average, only about 5% of their revenues to the National Park Service.Moreover, increased privatization would certainly undercut one of the major reasons why 300 million visitors come to the parks each year: to enjoy nature and get a respite from the commercial drumbeat that overwhelms daily life.The real problem is that the parks have been chronically starved of funding. We conducted a comprehensive survey examining how U.S. residents view their national parks, and we found that Americans place a very high value on them — whether or not they actually visit them. The peer-reviewed economic survey of 700 U.S. taxpayers, conducted by mail and internet, also found that people would be willing to pay a significant amount of money to make sure the parks and their programs are kept intact. Some 81% of respondents said they would be willing to pay additional taxes for the next 10 years to avoid any cuts to the national parks.The national parks provide great value to U.S. residents both as places to escape and as symbols of nature. On top of this, they produce value from their extensive educational programs, their positive impact on the climate through carbon sequestration, their contribution to our cultural and artistic life, and of course through tourism. The parks also help keep America’s past alive, working with thousands of local jurisdictions around the country to protect historical sites — including Ellis Island and Gettysburg — and to bring the stories of these places to life.The parks do all this on a shoestring. Congress allocates only $3 billion a year to the national park system — an amount that has been flat since 2001 (in inflation-adjusted dollars) with the exception of a onetime boost in 2009 as part of the Obama stimulus package. Meanwhile, the number of annual visitors has increased by more than 50% since 1980, and now stands at 330 million visitors per year.26. What problem are U.S. national parks faced with?[A] decline of business profits[B] inadequate commercialization[C] lack of transportation services[D] poorly maintained infrastructure27. Increased privatization of the campground may_______?[A] spoil visitor experience[B] help preserve nature[C] bring operational pressure[D] boost visits to parks28. According to para.5, most respondents in the survey would ______?[A] go to the national parks on a regular basis[B] advocate a bigger budget for the national parks[C] pay extra for the national parks[D] support the national parks' recent reforms29. The national parks are valuable in that they________[A] lead the way in tourism[B] have historical significance[C] sponsor research on climate[D] provide an income for locals30. It can be concluded from the text that the national park system _______[A] is able to cope with shortages[B] is able to meet visitors' demand[C] is in need of a new pricing policy[D] is in need of a funding increaseText 3The Internet may be changing merely what we remember, not our capacity to do so, suggests Columbia University psychology professor Betsy Sparrow. In 201, Sparrow led a study in which participants were asked to record 40 facts in a computer ("an ostrich's eye is bigger than its brain, for example). Half of the participants were told the information would be erased, while the other half were told it would be saved. Guess what? The latter group made no effort to recall the information when quizzed on it later, because they knew they could find it on their computers. In the same study, a group was asked to remember their information and the folders it was stored in. They didn't remember their information. But they remembered how to find the folders. In other words, human memory is not deteriorating but "adapting to new communications technology," Sparrow says.In a very practical way, the Internet is becoming an external hard drive for our memories, a process known as "cognitive offloading." "Traditionally, this role was fulfilled by data banks, libraries, and other humans. Your father may never remember birthdays because your mother does, for instance. Some worry that this is having a destructive effect on society, but Sparrow sees an upside. Perhaps, she suggests, the trend will change our approach to learning from a focus on individual facts and memorization to an emphasis on more conceptual thinking -something that isnot available on the Internet." I personally have never seen all that much intellectual value in memorizing things," Sparrow says, adding that we haven't lost our ability to do it.Still, other experts say it's too soon to understand how the Internet affects our brains. There is no experimental evidence showing that it interferes with our ability to focus, for instance, wrote psychologists Christopher Chabris and Daniel Simons. And surfing the web exercised the brain more than reading did among computer-save older adults in a 2008 study involving 24 participants at the Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at the University of California, Los Angeles.There may be costs associated with our increased reliance on the Internet but I'd have to imagine that overall the benefits are going to outweigh those costs, observes psychology professor Benjamin Storm:'It seems pretty clear that memory is changing, but is it changing for the better? At this point, we don't know.31.Sparrow's study shows that with the Internet, the human brain will ________[A] analyze information in detail[B] collect information efficiently[C] switch its focus of memory[D] extend its memory duration32.The process of "cognitive offloading"________[A] helps us identify false information[B] keeps our memory from failing[C] enables us to classify trivial facts[D] lessens our memory burdens33.Which of the following would Sparrow support about the Internet?[A] It may reform our way of learning[B] It may impact our society negatively[C] It may enhance our adaptability to technology[D] It may interfere with our conceptual thinking34. It is indicated in Para 3 that how the Internet affects our brains?[A] requires further academic research[B] is most studies in older adults[C] is reflected in our reading speed[D] depends on our web-surfing habits35. Neither Sparrow nor Storm would agree that ________[A] our reliance on the Internet will be costly[B] the Internet is weakening our memory[C] memory exercise is a must for our brain[D] our ability to focus decline with ageText 4Teenagers are paradoxical. That's a mild and detached way of saying something that parents often express with considerably stronger language. But the paradox is scientific as well as personal. In adolescence, helpless and dependent children who have relied on grown-ups for just about everything become independent people who can take care of themselves and help each other. At the same time, once cheerful and compliant children become rebellious teenage risk-takers, often to the point of self-destruction. Accidental deaths go up dramatically in adolescence.A new study published in the journal Child Development, by Eveline Crone of the University of Leiden and colleagues, suggests that the positive and negative sides of teenagers go hand in hand. The study is part of a new wave of thinking about adolescence. For a long time, scientists and policymakers concentrated on the idea that teenagers were a problem that needed to be solved. The new work emphasizes that adolescence is a time of opportunity as well as risk.The researchers studied “prosocial” and rebellious traits in more than 200 children and young adults, ranging from 11 to 28 years old. The participants filled out questionnaires about how often they did things that were altruistic and positive, like sacrificing their own interests to help a friend, or rebellious and negative, like getting drunk or staying out late. Other studies have shown that rebellious behavior increases as you become a teenager and then fades away as you grow older. But the new study shows that, interestingly, the same pattern holds for prosocial behavior. Teenagers were more likely than younger children or adults to report that they did things like unselfishly help a friend.Most significantly, there was a positive correlation between prosociality and rebelliousness. The teenagers who were more rebellious were also more likely to help others. The good and bad sides of adolescence seem to develop together.Is there some common factor that underlies these apparently contradictory developments? One idea is that teenage behavior is related to what researchers call “reward sensitivity.”Decision-making always involves balancing rewards and risks, benefits and costs. “Reward sensitivity” measures how much reward it takes to outweigh risk.Teenagers are particularly sensitive to social rewards—winning the game, impressing a new friend, getting that boy to notice you. Reward sensitivity, like prosocial behavior and risk-taking, seems to go up in adolescence and then down again as we age. Somehow, when you hit 30, the chance that something exciting and new will happen at that party just doesn’t seem to outweigh the effort of getting up off the couch.36.According to Paragraph 1, children growing into adolescence tend to ______[A] develop opposite personality traits[B] see the world in an unreasonable way[C] have fond memories of the past[D] show attention for their parents37.It can be learned from Paragraph 2 that Crone's study[A] explores teenagers' social resposibilities[B] examines teenagers' emotional problems[C] provides a new insight into adolescence[D] highlight negative adolescent behaviour38.What does Crone's study find about prosocial behavior?[A] It results from the wish to cooperate[B] It is cultivated through education[C] It is subject to family influence[D] It tends to peak in adolescence39.It can be learned from the last two paragraphs that teenagers ______[A] overstress their influence on others[B] care a lot about social recognition[C] become anxious about their future[D] endeavor to live a joyful life40. What is the text mainly about?[A] why teenagers are self-contradictory[B] why teenagers are risk-sensitive[C] How teenagers develop prosociality[D] How teenagers become independentPart BDirections:Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A-G for each of the numbered paragraphs (41-45). There are two extra subheadings which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Net-zero rules set to send cost of new homes and extensions soaringNew building regulations aimed at improving energy efficiency are set to increase the price of new homes, as well as those of extensions and loft conversions on existing ones.The rules, which came into effect on Wednesday in England, are part of government plans to reduce the UK’s carbon emissions to net zero by 2050. They set new standards for ventilation, energy efficiency and heating, and state that new residential buildings must have charging points for electric vehicles.The moves are the most significant change to building regulations in years, and industry experts say they will inevitably lead to higher prices at a time when a shortage of materials and high labour costs is already driving up bills.Brian Berry, chief executive of the Federation of Master Builders, a trade group for small and medium-sized builders, says the measures will require new materials, testing methods, productsand systems to be installed. “All this comes at an increased cost during a time when prices are already sky high. Inevitably, consumers will have to pay more,” he says.Gareth Belsham, of surveyors Naismiths, says people who are upgrading, or extending their home, will be directly affected.“The biggest changes relate to heating and insulation,” he says. “There are new rules concerning the amount of glazing used in extensions, and any new windows or doors must be highly insulated.”Windows and doors will have to adhere to higher standards, while there are new limits on the amount of glazing you can have to reduce unwanted heat from the sun.Thomas Goodman, of MyJobQuote, a site which sources quotes, says this will bring in new restrictions for extensions.“Glazing on windows, doors and rooflights must cover no more than 25% of the floor area to prevent heat loss, ” he says.As the rules came into effect last Wednesday, property developers were rushing to file plans just before the deadline. Any plans submitted before that date are considered to be under the previous rules, and can go ahead as long as work starts before 15 June next year.Builders which have costed projects, but have not filed the paperwork, may need to go back and submit fresh estimates, says Marcus Jefford of Build Aviator, which prices projects.As the changes are aimed to make homes more energy efficient, they will eventually drive down heating bills. But in the short-term homeowners are likely to face higher costs for work. Materials prices are already up 25% in the last two years, according to figures from the Construction Products Association. How much overall prices will increase as a result of the rule changes is not clear. “While admirable in their intentions, they will add to the cost of housebuilding at a time when many already feel that they are priced out of homeownership,” says Rolande. “An average extension will probably see around £3,000 additional cost thanks to the new regs.”John Kelly, a construction lawyer at Freeths law firm, believes prices will eventually come down. But not in the immediate future. “As the marketplace adapts to the new requirements, and the technologies that support them, the scaling up of these technologies will eventually bring costs down, but in the short term, we will all have to pay the price of the necessary transition,” he says. However, the long-term effects of the changes will be more comfortable and energy-efficient homes, adds Andrew Mellor. “Homeowners will probably recoup that cost over time in energy bill savings. It will obviously be very volatile at the moment, but they will have that benefit over time.”[A] The rise of home prices is a temporarymatter.41.Brian Berry [B] Builders possibly need to submit newestimates of their projects.42.Gareth Belsham [C] There will be specific limits on homeextensions to prevent heat loss43.Marcus Jefford [D] The new rules will take home price to aneven higher lever.44.John Kelly [E] Many people feel that home prices arealready beyond what they can afford45.Andrew Mellor [F] The new rules will affect people whosehome extensions include new windows ordoors.[G] The rule changes will benefit homeownerseventually.【参考答案】41.D42.F43.B44.A45.GSection III Translation46. Directions:Translate following text into Chinese. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)In the late 18th century, William Wordsworth became famous for his poems about nature. And he was one of the founders of a movement called Romanticism, which celebrated the wonders of the natural world.Poetry is powerful. Its energy and rhythm can capture a reader, transport them to another world and make them see things differently. Through carefully selected words and phrases, poems can be dramatic, funny, beautiful, moving and inspiring.No one knows for sure when poetry began but it has been around for thousands of years, even before people could write. It was a way to tell stories and pass down history. It is closely related to song and even when written it is usually created to be performed out loud. Poems really cometo life when they are recited. This can also help with understanding them too, because the rhythm and sounds of the words become clearer.【参考译文】18世纪晚期，威廉·华兹华斯因其关于自然的诗歌而闻名。

2019考研英语二真题及答案完整版

Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Weighing yourself regularly is a wonderful way to stay aware of any significant weightfluctuations. 1 , when done too often, this habit can sometimes hurt more than it 2 .As for me, weighing myself every day caused me to shift my focus from being generallyhealthy and physically active to focusing 3 on the scale. That was had to my overall fitness goats. I had gained weight in the form of muscle mass, but thinking only of 4 the number on the scale, I altered my training program. That conflicted with how I needed to train to 5 my goals.I also found that weighing myself daily did not provide an accurate 6 of the hard work and progress I was making in the gym. It takes about three weeks to a month to notice any significant changes in your weight 7 altering your training program. The most 8 changes will be observed in skill level, strength and inches lost.For these 9 , I stopped weighing myself every day and switched to a bimonthly weighing schedule 10 . Since weight loss is not my goal, it is less important for me to 11 my weight each week. Weighing every other week allows me to observe and 12 any significant weight changes. That tells me whether I need to 13 my training program.I use my bimonthly weigh-in 14 to get information about my nutrition as well. If my training intensity remains the sam e, but I’m constantly 15 and dropping weight, this isa 16 that I need to increase my daily caloric intake.The 17 to stop weighing myself every day has done wonders for my overall health, fitness and well-being. I’m experiencing increased zeal fo r working out since I no longer carry the burden of a 18 morning weigh-in. I’ve also experienced greater success in achieving my specific fitness goals, 19 I’m training according to those goals, not the numbers on a scale.Rather than 20 over the scale, turn your focus to how you look, feel how your clothes fit and your overall energy level.1.[A]Besides[B]Therefore[C]Otherwise[D]However2.[A]helps[B]cares[C]warns[D]reduces3.[A]initially[B]solely[C]occasionally[D]formally4.[A]recording[B]lowering[C]explaining[D]accepting5.[A]modify[B]set[C]review[D]reach6.[A]definition[B]depiction[C]distribution[D]prediction7.[A]due to[B]regardless of[C]aside from[D]along with8.[A]orderly[B]rigid[C]precise[D]immediate9.[A]claims[B]judgments[C]reasons[D]methods10.[A]instead[B]though[C]again[D]indeed11.[A]track[B]overlook[C] conceal[D]report12.[A]depend on[B]approve of[C]hold onto[D]account for13.[A]share[B]adjust[C]confirm[D] prepare14.[A]results[B]features[C]rules[D]tests15.[A]bored[B]anxious[C]hungry[D]sick16.[A]principle[B]secret[C]belief[D]sign17.[A]request[B]necessity[C]decision[D]wish18.[A]disappointing[B]surprising[C]restricting[D]consuming19.[A]if because[B]unless[C]until[D]consuming20.[A]obsessing[B]dominating[C]puzzling[D]triumphing1-20参考答案及解析：1. [答案] 【D】 However[解析] 此处是逻辑关系考点。

2021年考研最全模考英语二试卷及答案

Reading ComprehensionRead the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(100points)Text1第1段：The world’s richest1%are on course to control as much as two-thirds of the world’s wealth by2030,according to a shocking analysis.World leaders are being warned that the continued accumulation of wealth at the top will fuel growing distrust and anger over the coming decade unless action is taken to restore the balance.第2段：An alarming projection produced by the House of Commons library suggests that if trends seen since the2008financial crash were to continue,then the top1%will hold64%of the world’s wealth by2030.Since2008,the wealth of the richest1%has been growing at an average of6%a year—much faster than the3%growth in wealth of the remaining99%of the world’s population.Should that continue,the top1%would hold wealth equating to$305tn(£216.5tn)—up from$140tn today.第3段：Analysts suggest wealth has become concentrated at the top because of recent income inequality,higher rates of saving among the wealthy,and the accumulation of assets.The wealthy also invested a large amount of equity in businesses,stocks and other financial assets, which have handed them disproportionate benefits.第4段：A major problem with the influence exerted by the very wealthy leads to falling levels of trust.In a new polling by Opinium,participants were asked to select a group that would have the most power in2030,and most(34%)said the super-rich,while28%opted for national governments.Those surveyed said they feared the consequences of wealth inequality would be rising levels of corruption(41%)or the“super-rich enjoying unfair influence on government policy”(43%).第5段：The research above was commissioned by Liam Byrne,the former Labour cabinet minister,as part of a gathering of MPs,academics,business leaders,trade unions and civil society leaders focused on addressing the problem.第6段：Byrne,who organised the first OECD(Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development)global parliamentary conference on inclusive growth,cautioned that the already tilted scale of world’s wealth was about to“take its last straw”.“If we don’t take steps to rewrite1the rules of how our economies work,then we condemn ourselves to a future that remains unequal for good,”he said.“That’s morally bad,and economically disastrous,risking a new explosion in instability,corruption and poverty.”第7段：Danny Dorling,professor of geography at the University of Oxford,said the scenario in which the super-rich accumulated even more wealth by2030was a realistic one.“Even if the income of the wealthiest people in the world stops rising dramatically in the future,their wealth will continue to grow for one to two more decades”he said.1.According to Paragraph1,what would happen by2030A.World leaders would be relieved of their position.B.Public anger at the wealthiest would be reconciled.C.The richest would pocket over half of the world’s wealth.D.The poor would demonstrate their power through protest.2.It is suggested that the other99%of the world’s population______.A.was far more impacted by the2008financial crisis than the richest1%B.could hardly catch up with the other1%in wealth despite moderate growthC.has to double its increase rate in wealth to achieve a proportional distributionD.needs to expand their investment in business and other financial assets3.The results from Opinium’s new polling are mentioned to______.A.demonstrate people’s declining faith in government sectorsB.explain the supreme power possessed by the super-richC.express the growing concern over political corruptionD.reveal unfair policy-making in favor of the super-rich4.The expression“take its last straw”is closest in meaning to______.A.collapse under the ultimate burdenB.take the last opportunityC.face a demanding challengeplete its final process5.According to Danny Dorling,the current trend of wealth accumulation among the super-rich is.A.dramaticB.questionableC.idealisticD.unstoppable2Text2第1段：The number of people forced to flee their homes rose to a record high in2017,with 16.2million people newly displaced around the world.The figure includes people who have been displaced for the first time,and those who have been forced from their homes multiple times.第2段：The figure of68.5million displaced people—3million higher than the total population of the UK—includes25.4million refugees,40million internally displaced and3.1 million asylum seekers.The increase came despite the return of more than5million displaced people to their countries of origins.第3段：Despite its large number,displaced population in some sense is not a ubiquitous issue. The annual figures,compiled by the UN refugee agency,UNHCR(United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees),saw five countries accounting for two-thirds of all refugees (excluding those defined as long-term Palestinian refugees):Syria(6.3million);Afghanistan(2.6 million);South Sudan(2.4million);Myanmar(1.2million)and Somalia(986,400).第4段：The new figures emerged after the actor and director Angelina Jolie,a special envoy for the UN agency,warned of a funding shortfall for the agency’s work in Syria—the largest group of displaced.Speaking during a visit to Domiz Camp in Iraq on Sunday,home to33,000refugees displaced by the Syrian war,Jolie told a press conference that the agency’s appeal for Syrian refugees was hugely underfunded even in comparison with last year.第5段：When UNHCR’s Syria response was only50%funded last year,and this year it is only17%funded,there are terrible human consequences.We should be under no illusions about this.When there is even not the bare minimum of aid,refugee families cannot receive adequate medical treatment,women and girls will be left vulnerable to sexual violence,many children cannot go to school,and we squander the opportunity of being able to invest in refugees so that they can acquire new skills and support their families.第6段：The new totals come at the end of a decade of sharply rising numbers of displaced, which have risen inexorably from more than42million in2007to the current total.This means one in every110people in the world is currently displaced,with most of the sharp increase occurring in the last five years.第7段：Although Syria once again dominated the figures,2017was also marked by a significant rise in displaced people from North and Central America,with increasing numbers of people journeying to seek asylum in Mexico and the US,even as Venezuelans continued to flow out to neighbouring countries.The totals also saw the sixth successive year of increases in the number of refugees under UNHCR’s mandate,with a rise of just under3million last year to a3total just short of20million,the highest known total to date.6.The current trend of the number of displaced population is the one of______.A.steadinessB.fluctuationC.declineD.upsurge7.By listing figures of the five countries,the author intends to show that______.A.Syria has the largest number of refugees among the five countriesB.the other one-third of the refugees can hardly be identifiedC.displaced population concentrates in a few number of countriesD.civil conflicts are most serious in some Middle-east countries8.According to Jolie,the relief work in Syria faces the problem of______.A.overpopulation of refugeesB.inadequacy in fundingC.political disagreementD.local disturbances9.Which of the following would happen without even minimum aid?A.Refugees would be deprived of the chance to earn their own living.B.Females would stand at a grave disadvantage against mistreatment.C.Children cannot be admitted to schools opened for non-refugees.D.The spread of epidemic cannot be controlled in refugee camps.10.Which of the following would be the best title for the text?A.The Rising Number of Refugees WorldwideB.The Difficulty in Seeking Political AsylumC.The Complete Failure of UNHCR’s MandateD.The Serious Situation of Syrian RefugeesText3第1段：Barely3percent of the American work force bikes or walks to work with any frequency,despite the obvious virtues:decreased risks for obesity and diabetes,environmental benefits and lower transportation costs.Ask people why they“eschew”what’s known as active commuting,however,as many surveys have,and the primary reason cited is time.Those things4take too long,most say.第2段：They’re probably wrong.A new study published in a journal called “Transportmetrica A:Transport Science”shows that people often overestimate the time required to commute actively,a miscalculation especially common when someone has secured a parking permit near the office.第3段：For the study,researchers at Penn State solicited the school’s faculty,staff and students to complete an extensive series of online questionnaires about their fitness,health, commuting and parking habits,comfort and ability on a bike or as pedestrians,distance from home to their main workplace on campus and how long they thought it would take them to either bike or walk that distance.Only a few of the505respondents went by foot or bike;most of them were students.Estimates of commuting times were then compared with the corresponding route times calculated by Google Maps.The researchers independently timed some of the routes by walking or riding them.第4段：The survey participants—faculty and staff members above all—proved to be generally poor at guessing active-commuting times.About90percent of their estimates were too long by at least10minutes.The few assessments close to Google’s were almost always made by riders or walkers.Parking availability and distances affected the estimates.第5段：Those with parking permits,a fiercely sought-after campus amenity,tended to overestimate active-commuting times significantly;the closer someone lived to the workplace,the better the guesses.Confidence had an outsize effect,too.The people surveyed,especially women, who had little bicycling experience or who did not feel physically fit thought that active commuting would require considerably more time than the Google calculations.第6段：The study is limited,of course,because it relies on an insular,self-selected group of respondents to provide information about themselves,a topic on which people can be surprisingly unreliable.The published results also did not delve into such pressing active-commuting concerns as hygiene,showers or the logistics of carrying changes of clothes.第7段：“But the study’s results do indicate that time may be less of a barrier to active commuting than many might anticipate,”says Melissa Bopp,an associate professor of kinesiology at Penn State and the study’s senior author.“I’d urge anyone who is considering biking or walking to work to do a test run,”she says,perhaps on a weekend(although the traffic patterns will be different from those during the week).Ask colleagues for route suggestions.“Google is good at finding bike paths,”she says,but it emphasizes brevity and directness over scenery for walkers.11.The word“eschew”(Para.1)most probably means______.A.breach5B.guardC.acclaimD.avoid12.According to the“Transportmetrica A:Transport Science”,people______.A.fail to calculate the active commute time correctlyB.are reduced to finding parking space personallyC.overrate the required time to secure a parking permitD.make an accurate prediction about the time consumed13.Which of the following is true about the survey participants according to Paragraphs4and5?A.Their mathematical ability is inferior to others’.B.The influence of confidence has been overvalued.C.Parking right is a contributing factor to their calculation.D.They feel physically fit by choosing an active commute.14.According to Melissa Bopp,the time consumed in active commuting may______.A.be exaggerated partlyB.deserve more attentionC.be estimated continuallyD.need to be strengthened15.Melissa Bopp’s attitude toward working by bike or by foot is______.A.indifferentB.supportiveC.indignantD.apprehensiveText4第1段：How effective are antimicrobial“courtesy masks”at preventing the spread of contagious airborne illnesses?The best evidence suggests that,when sick,wearing a mask can help to protect others from getting sick.And when well,wearing a mask around those who are sick will probably decrease your own chances of becoming infected.But the masks are far from foolproof.第2段：Courtesy masks,or what we doctors refer to as medical masks,were introduced into the operating room in the late1800s.They quickly became popular among a public eager to protect itself against the influenza epidemic of1918.A century later,the advent of modern molecular techniques confirmed that medical masks can indeed provide good protection against flu.6第3段：In a2013study,researchers counted the number of virus particles in the air around patients with flu.They found that medical masks decreased the exhalation of large viral droplets 25-fold.The masks were,however,less effective against the fine viral droplets that can remain suspended in the air longer and are therefore more infectious,cutting them by2.8times.第4段：Surgical masks also afford fairly good protection for the worried well.In an oft-cited study of446nurses,researchers found surgical masks were as good,or nearly as good,at protecting the wearer against flu as breathing apparatus,a somewhat more high-tech,masklike device used in hospitals.The work of Australian investigators provides further support for the value of the simple medical mask.They estimate that in a home setting,wearing a surgical mask decreases a well person’s risk of getting sick by60percent to80percent.第5段：However,most people fail to wear a mask faithfully enough to achieve this degree of protection,and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention remains ambiguous about the use of masks outside of health care settings.“No recommendation can be made at this time for mask use in the community by asymptomatic persons,including those at high risk for complications,to prevent exposure to influenza viruses,”the agency concludes on its website,“If you don’t have a mask,or don’t want to wear one,standing at least six feet from an infected person will increase your chances for staying healthy.”第6段：The air surrounding sick people,even if they aren’t coughing or sneezing,is loaded with small infectious particles,and the farther you are from them,the better.Washing your hands frequently,of course,is also critical for staying healthy,since touching infected fingers to the eyes, nose or mouth can transmit infection.16.It can be inferred from Paragraph1that wearing a mask______.A.can defend the sick from radiationB.still faces the danger of getting sickC.is of little significance for the healthyD.enjoys a vital position against epidemics17.Modern molecular techniques verified______.A.people’s increased awareness of the fluB.their significant impact on medicineC.the reliability of medical masksD.the urgency of fighting against flu18.According to Paragraph4,which of the following is true about masks?A.The effect of masks is no less than that of breathing apparatus.7B.Masks can actually assist people with psychological anxiety.C.Masklike-device has gained popularity in hospitals and clinics.D.Australian investigators offer new insights into medical masks.19.In Paragraph5,the author shows his concern that______.A.the habit of wearing masks has not yet been cultivatedB.most people didn’t succeed in addressing some problemsC.the agency failed to give some constructive suggestionsD.the use of masks is not generalized in health care settings20.In an environment loaded with infectious particles,people______.A.are bound to suffer from coughingB.are suggested to take some precautionsC.are unable to be healthy by any meansD.are supposed to stay away from the sick8题号：1.【答案】C。

考研英语范文阅读模拟试题及答案解析2

考研英语范文阅读模拟试题及答案解析Much of the language used to describe monetary policy, such as steering the economy to a soft landing or a touch on the brakes, makes itself sound like a precise science. Nothing could be further from the truth. The link between interest rates and inflation is uncertain. And there are long, variable lags before policy changes have any effect on the economy. Hence there is an analogy that likens the conduct of monetary policy to driving a car with a blackened windscreen, a cracked rearview mirror and a faulty steering wheel.Given all these disadvantages, central bankers seem to have had much to boast about of late. Average inflation in the big seven industrial economies fell to a mere 2.3% last year, close to its lowest level in 30 years, before rising slightly to 2.5% this July. This is a long way below the double-digit rates which many countries experienced in the 1970s and early 1980s.It is also less than most forecasters had predicted. In late 1994 the panel of economists which The Economist polls each month said th at America’s inflation rate would average 3.5% in 1995. In fact, it fell to 2.6% in August, and is expected to average only about 3% for the year as a whole. In Britain and Japan inflation is running half a percentage point below the rate predicted at the end of last year. This is no flash in the pan; over the past couple of years, inflation has been consistently lower than expected in Britain and America.Economists have been particularly surprised by favourable inflation figures in Britain and the United States, since conventional measures suggest that both economies, and especially America’s, have little productive slack. America’s capacity utilisation, for example, hit historically high levels earlier this year, and its jobless rate (5.6% in August) has fallen below most estimates of the natural rate of unemployment-the rate below which inflation has taken off on the past.Why has inflation proved so mild? The most thrilling explanation is, unfortunately, a little defective. Some economists argue that powerful structural changes in the world have upended the old economic models that were based upon the historical link between growth and inflation.1. From the passage we learn that ________.（A）there is a definite relationship between inflation and interest rates（B）economy will always follow certain models（C）the economic situation is better than expected（D）economists had foreseen the present economic situation2. According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?（A）Making monetary policies is comparable to driving a car.（B）An extremely low jobless rate will lead to inflation.（C）A high unemployment rate will result from inflation.（D）Interest rates have an immediate effect on the economy.3. The sentence This is no flash in the pan (line 5, paragraph 3) means that ________.（A）the low inflation rate will last for some time（B）the inflation rate will soon rise（C）the inflation will disappear quickly（D）there is no inflation at present4. The passage shows that the author is ________ the present situation.（A）critical of （B）puzzled by （C）disappointed at （D）amazed at1.（C）意为：经济形势比预想的好。

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考研英语二（阅读）模拟试卷19(总分：40.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、<B>Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D.</B>(总题数：4，分数：40.00)While U.S. companies are worrying about how to recruit talent from abroad in the face of increasingly rigorous immigration rules, a different and far more significant challenge is quietly building. When young knowledge workers look for a job today, they seriously consider companies half a world away. Homegrown American talent is moving abroad, in what could become a huge shift in the world economic order. Early warning signs abound. Look at Singapore's success in recruiting top U.S. academics to its universities and research centers: It lured the world's leading seismologist (a geologist who studies earthquakes and the mechanical characteristics of the Earth) away from the California Institute of Technology and the number two scientist at the National Institutes of Health away from that organization. Silicon Valley expatriates have been moving to China in a small but steady stream. Farmers from the Midwest are using their high-tech methods to make a new start in Brazil, where real estate is cheap. The United States' current economic woes are accelerating this trend. The trickle that has started at the top will become a flood as mid-career executives look for new opportunities abroad. Of course, even the best manager will struggle if he or she doesn't speak the local language. But one can get by in India with English only, and Spanish is relatively easy to learn. Moreover, when the children of today's expatriates enter the workforce, they'll reap a huge advantage from knowing the second language—Chinese, Portuguese, Hindi—they learned to speak at home as youngsters. More and more parents are discovering that a multilingual education can help in guaranteeing lifelong employ ability for their offspring. Government policy will be crucial in determining how well U.S. companies respond to the increasing outflow of American talent. Lawmakers must not resort to knowledge protectionism—for instance, by requiring people who attend state-funded universities to spend a certain amount of their working life in the United States. Rather, they must ensure that America remains the most favorable place for high-tech enterprises and continues to attract foreign students to its universities and foreign workers to its companies. The U.S. monopoly on leading-edge opportunities is at an end. The world's best and brightest no longer assume that their future lies exclusively in the United States, and America's best are coming to a-gree: Their path to a dream career may well lead them overseas.（分数：10.00）(1).It can be learned from the first two paragraphs that .（分数：2.00）A.the immigration rules in America have loosened upB.American talent is shifting the world economic orderC.Singapore has replaced US to be the ideal country for scientistsD.there have been many signs of American talent moving abroad √解析：解析：根据题干定位到文章前两段。

第一段③句提出全文的主题，即美国本土人才选择国外就业的现象。

第二段列举一些先兆，再次表明大量美国优秀人才被其他国家挖走的事实。

D项是正确答案。

(2).The author holds that an increasing number of Americans move abroad mainly because of_____.（分数：2.00）A.better opportunities abroadB.huge linguistic advantagesC.domestic economic recession √D.lifelong employment security解析：解析：文章开头两段概述美国人才外流的现象，第三段分析造成这一现象的原因，该段首句提到，美国的经济困境(economic woes)加速了其人才外流的趋势，因此可推断，经济的不景气是美国人才外流的一个原因，C项正确。

(3).According to Paragraph 4, knowledge protectionism is characterized by being _____.（分数：2.00）A.criticalpulsory √petitivepelling解析：解析：根据题干可定位到第四段。

knowledge protectionism出现在该段②句，指“知识保护主义”。

该句破折号后的内容举例说明了何为“知识保护主义”，即强制从公立大学毕业的人必须在美国工作一定时间，据此可判断B项“强制性”是“知识保护主义”的特点。

(4).To deal with the outflow of American talent, the United States government should _____.（分数：2.00）A.tighten up its immigration rulesB.adopt knowledge protectionismC.keep America an ideal place for high-tech companies √D.monopolize leading-edge opportunities解析：解析：根据题干中的the outflow of American talent可定位到第四段，该段正是在讨论解决人才外流问题的办法。

①句是中心句，明确提到了政府政策对于应对人才外流问题的关键性作用(crucial in determining…)，②句则用反例提出一个不良的做法，③句提出真正的建议，即维持美国最有利于高科技企业发展的这一地位，并继续吸引外国学生及工人到美国来，C项所述与该句第一点对应，故为本题答案。

(5).Which of the following could be the most appropriate title for the text?（分数：2.00）A.Economy and American ImmigrationB.A Looming American Talent's Outflow √C.An Alerting Reverse in ImmigrationD.American Immigration Past and Present解析：解析：本文讨论了美国人才外流的现象及其原因，并提出相应的对策。