环境工程专业英语试题

合集下载

英语环境科学英语40题

英语环境科学英语40题1. Which of the following is a renewable resource?A. CoalB. OilC. WindD. Natural gas答案：C。

本题考查可再生资源的概念。

选项 A 煤炭、选项 B 石油和选项 D 天然气都是不可再生资源，而选项 C 风能是可再生资源。

2. What causes air pollution?A. PlantsB. Clean waterC. Factory emissionsD. Beautiful scenery答案：C。

本题考查造成空气污染的原因。

选项A 植物有助于净化空气；选项 B 清洁的水与空气污染无关；选项 D 美丽的风景也不会导致空气污染；而选项C 工厂排放物会造成空气污染。

3. Which of the following is not a way to save water?A. Taking short showersB. Leaving the tap runningC. Fixing leaky faucetsD. Using a bucket to wash the car答案：B。

本题考查节约用水的方法。

选项 A 缩短淋浴时间、选项 C 修理漏水的水龙头和选项 D 用桶洗车都是节约用水的方式；选项B 让水龙头一直开着会浪费水。

4. What is the main cause of deforestation?A. Planting more treesB. Building housesC. WildfiresD. Logging for wood答案：D。

本题考查森林砍伐的主要原因。

选项A 种植更多树木是保护森林；选项B 建造房屋不是主要原因；选项C 野火可能导致部分树木受损，但不是主要的砍伐原因；选项D 为获取木材而伐木是导致森林砍伐的主要原因。

5. Which of the following is a greenhouse gas?A. OxygenB. NitrogenC. Carbon dioxideD. Hydrogen答案：C。

环境工程专业英语试题

一、英汉互译1. oxidizing agent——氧化剂2. activated sludge——活性污泥3. water purification——水净化4. protozoa——原生动物5. nitrogen dioxide——二氧化氮6. phosphate——磷酸盐7. the dew point——露点 8. food additives——食品添加剂9. chemical plant——化工厂 10.primary air pollutant——一次大气污染物11.qualitative analysis——定性分析 12.environmental problem——环境问题13.incomplete combustion——不完全燃烧 14.photochemical oxidants——光化学氧化剂15.suspented solid——悬浮固体 16.气布比——air to cloth ratio17.一氧化碳——carbon monoxide 18.酵母——yeast19.紫外线——ultraviolet light 20.反向渗透——reverse osmosis21.水资源——water resource 22.有机物质——organic matter23.地表水——surface water 24.引风机——draft fan25.生物鉴定——bioassay 26.副产品——by-products27.环境容量——environmental capacity 28.供水，给水——water supply29.吸附——adsorption 30.环境污染——environmental pollution二、英译汉1.Protection of public health, the original purpose of pollution control, continues to bethe primary objective in many areas. However, preservation of water resources, protection of fishing areas, and maintenance of recreational waters are additional concerns today.污染控制的最初目的是保护公众的健康，在许多地方这仍然是主要目的。

环境工程专业英语考核附答案及评分标准.doc

draw?)在写作结果和结论部分时，一般都要尽量结合实验结果或仿真结果的图、表、曲线等来加以说明，使结论部分言之有物，有根有据；同时，对那些看不懂中文的英文读者来说，通过这些图表，结合英文摘要的说明就可以比较清楚地了解论文的结果和结论。

也只有这样，论文的结论才有说服力。

如有可能，在结尾部分还可以将论文的结果和他人最新的研究结果进行比较，以突出论文的主要贡献和创新、独到之处(回答What is new and original in this paper)。

2. 4如何提高英文摘要的文字效能水解酸化一SBR工艺处理果汁废水的研究摘要：采用水解酸化-SBR工艺，对浓缩果汁生产废水处理进行了试验研究，结果表明：当进水COD浓度为3 500-5000 mg/L, pH为6 • 5-7 • 5, 在水解酸化池水力停留时间为8 h, SBR反应池MLSS浓度3500—4 000 mg/L,进水15min,曝气7h,沉淀1 h,出水15min的条件下，出水COD去除率保持在97%以上，SS 去除率达93%以上。

且以水解酸化作为预处理单元可去除果汁废水中的SS达78%以上,为后续SBR工艺的稳定运行创造有利条件,提高组合工艺的整体效果。

关键词：果汁废水水解酸化SBR COD SS参考答案：Study on treatment of syrup wastewater with hydro Iys i s ac i d i f i cat ion-SBR techno IogyAbstract：An exper imentaI study on syrup wastewater treatment with hydro I ys i s ac i d i f i cat i on-SBR techno I ogy was carr i ed out The resu I ts showed that when the COD of i nf I uentwas3 500〜5 OOOmg/L and the pH of i nf I uent was 6. 5〜7. 5, COD and SS remova I rates of the wastewater were over 97% and 93% through the comb i ned techno I ogy, the opt ima I HRT of hydrol ys i s ac i d i f i ca tion was 8h, the opt i ma I MLSS concentration of SBR was about3 500~4 000 mg/L, the times for inflow, aera tion, settlement and outf I ow were 15 m in, 7 h, 1 h and 15 min, respect ive ly. The exper i mentaI so demonstrated that the SS was removed most Iy through the hydrolys is acidification process (more than 78% ), wh ich can create a su itab Ie cond iti on for the subsequent SBR process and enhance the eff i c i ency of the comb i ned technology.Key words：syrup wastewater; hydrolysis acidification; SBR; COD; SS。

环境工程专业英语复习(二)

1.Four characteristics of community structure(空间分布)physical appearance, species diversity or richness（多样性）, species abundance（丰度）, niche structure（生态地位结构）.2.Three major factors affect species diversity: latitude（纬度）in terrestrial communities（地球群落）; depthin aquatic system; pollution in aquatic system（水环境）.3.Where is most of the W orld’s Biodiversity Found?Tropical rain forests, coral reefs, the deep sea, largetropical lakes.4.What determines the number of species on island?Size and degree of isolation（隔离程度）.5.Four types of species:native species（本土物种）: normally live and thrive（繁衍）in a particular ecosystem; nonnative species: migrate into an ecosystem or are deliberately or accidentally introduced into an ecosystem by humans;indicator species（指示性生物）: serves early warnings of damage to a community or an ecosystem(Birds are excellent biological indicators because they are found almost everywhere and respond quickly toenvironmental change.); keystone species（关键物种）: the roles of some species in an ecosystem are much more important than their abundance or biomass suggests.6.Five basic types of interaction between species: interspecific competition, predation（掠夺）, parasitism（寄生）, mutualism（互利共生）, commensalism（共生）7.Intraspecific competition: competition between members of the same species for the same resources.Interspecific competition: competition between members of two or more different species for food, space, or any other limited resource.8.What is the competitive exclusion principle?Sometimes one species eliminates another species in aparticular area through competition for limited resources.9.How have some species reduced or avoided competition? One way this happens is through resourcepartitioning，the dividing up of scarce（紧缺的）resources so that species with similar needs use them(1) at different times, (2)in different ways, (3)in different places.10.Symbiosis: a relationship in which species live together in an intimate associatio n（密切联合）. Three types:parasitism, mutualism, and commensalism.11.Parasitism: occurs when one species feeds on part of another organism by living on or in the host（宿主）.In this relationship, the parasite（寄生物）benefits and the host is harmed.12.Mutualism: two species involved in a symbiotic relationship interact in ways that benefit both. Suchbenefits include(1)having pollen and seeds dispersed for reproduction, (2)being supplied with food,or(3)receiving protection.mensalism: a symbiotic interaction that benefits one species but neither harms nor helps the otherspecies much, if at all.14.Tectonic plates: both convection currents and mantle plumes move upward as the heated material isdisplaced by denser, cooler material sinking under the influence of gravity. These flows of energy and heated material in the mantle convection cells cause movement of rigid plates.Plate tectonics（构造板块）: The theory explaining the movement of the plates and the processes that occur at their boundaries.15.Mineral: an element or inorganic compound that occurs naturally and is solid.16.Rock: any material that makes up a large, natural, continuous part of the earth’s crust.17.Three major rock types and their characteristics: Igneous rock（火成岩）, sedimentary rock（水成岩）,metamorphic rock（变质岩）.18.Rock cycle: Rocks are constantly exposed to various physical and chemical conditions that can changethem over time. The interaction of processes that change rocks from one type to another.19.Earthquakes: stress in earth’s crust can cause solid rock to deform until it suddenly fractures and shiftsalong the fracture, producing a fault. The faulting or a later abrupt movement on an existing fault causes anearthquake.20.Risk: the possibility of suffering harm from a hazard that can cause injury, disease, economic loss, orenvironmental damage. Risk is expressed in terms of probability: a mathematical statement about how likely it is that some event or effect will occur.21.Risk assessment（评估）: （1）identifying a real or potential hazard, （2）determining the probability of itsoccurrence, （3）and assessing the severity（严重程度）of its health, environmental, economic, and social impact. Risk management: ⑪serious it is compared to other risks, ⑫how much the risk should bereduced, ⑬how such risk reduction can be accomplished, and ⑭how much money should be devoted to reducing the risk to an acceptable level.22.What determines whether a chemical is harmful? Whether a chemical is harmful depends on ⑪the sizeof the dose over a certain period of time,⑫how often an exposure occurs, ⑬who is exposed, ⑭how well the body’s detoxification systems work, an d⑮genetic makeup that determines an individual’s sensitivity toa particular toxic.23.Poison: a chemical that has an LD50 of 50 milligrams or less per kilogram of body weight.24.Toxic chemicals: defined as substances that are fatal to more than 50% of test animals (LD50) at givenconcentrations.25.Mutagens: agents, such as chemicals and ionizing radiation, that cause random mutation, or changes, in theDNA molecules found in cells.26.Teratogens: chemicals radiation, or viruses that cause birth defects while the human embryo is growing anddeveloping during pregnancy, especially during the first 3 months.27.Nontransmissible disease: not caused by living organisms and does not spread from one person to another.Transmissible disease: caused by a living organism and can be spread from one person to another.Risk analysis: ⑪identifying hazards and evaluating their associated risks, ⑫ranking risks, ⑬determining options and making decisions about reducing or eliminating risks, and ⑭informing decision makers and the public about risks.28.Populations grow or decline through the interplay of three factors: births, deaths, and migration.Population change: calculated by subtracting the number of people leaving a population from the number entering it during a specific period of time:Population change= (Births + Immigration)-(Deaths + Emigration)29.Factors affect birth rate and fertility rates:①importance of children as a part of the labor force; ②urbanization; ③cost of raising and educating children; ④educational and employment opportunities for women; ⑤infant mortality rate（夭折率）, ⑥average age at marriage, ⑦availability（有效性）of private and public pension system（抚恤金体系）, ⑧availability of legal abortions; ⑨availability of reliable birth control methods; ⑩religious beliefs（宗教信仰）, traditions, and cultural norms（规范）.30.Factor affects death rate: two useful indicators（指标）of overall health of people in a country or regionare (1)life expectancy and (2)the infant mortality rate.31.age structure: the proportion of the population at each age level. Demographers typically construct apopulation age structure diagram by plotting the percentages or numbers of males and females in the total population in each of three age categories: (1)prereproductive, (2)reproductive, and (3)postreproductive 32.Three system provide Us with food: (1)croplands（耕地）(mostly for producing grains, which provideabout 76% of the world’s food); (2)rangelands牧场(which supply about 17% of the world’s food);(3)oceanic fisheries海洋渔业(which supply about 7% of the world’s food).33.What plants and animals feed the world? Although the earth has perhaps 30,000plants species with partsthat people can eat, only 15plant and 8 terrestrial animal species supply an estimated 90% of our global intake of caloriesMajor types of food production: industrialized agriculture(high-input agriculture); plantation agriculture大垦殖农业; Traditional subsistence agriculture传统温饱型农业; traditional intensive agriculture传统集约耕作.34.Green revolution: most of the increase in global food production has come from increased yields per unitof area of cropland in a process.35.Three steps of green revolution: (1)developing and planting monocultures of selectively bred orgenetically engineered high-yield varieties of key crops such as rice, wheat, and corn; (2)producing high yields by using large inputs of fertilizer, pesticides, and water on crops;(3)increasing the number of crops grown per year on a plot of land through multiple cropping.36.Undernutrition: people who cannot grow or buy enough food to meet their basic energy needs.37.Malnutrition: people who are forced to live on a low-protein, high-carbohydrate diet consisting only ofgrains such as wheat, rice, or corn.38.What are the environmental effects of producing food? Future ability to produce more food will belimited by a combination of (1)soil erosion侵蚀, (2)desertification沙漠化, (3)salinization and waterlogging 水浸of irrigated lands, (4)water deficits and droughts, (5)loss of wild species that provide the genetic resources for improved foams of foods, and (6)the effects of global warming.39.Important properties of water: (1)there are strong forces of attraction between molecules of water;(2)water sexists as liquid over a wide temperature range because of the strong forces of attraction betweenmolecules; (3)liquid water changes temperature very slowly because it can store a large amount of heat without a large change in temperature; (4)it takes a lot of heat to evaporate liquid water because of the strong forces of attraction between its molecules; (5)liquid water can dissolve a variety of compounds;(6)water molecules can break down into hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions, which help maintain a balancebetween acids and bases in cells, as measured by the pH of water solutions; (7)the strong attractive forces between the molecules of liquid water cause its surface to contract and to adhere to and coat a solid;(8)water filters out wavelengths of ultraviolet radiation that would harm some aquatic organism; (9)unlikemost liquid, water expands when it freezes40.Surface runoff: precipitation that does not infiltrate the ground or return to the atmosphere by evaporation.41.Groundwater: some precipitation infiltrates the ground and percolates downward through voids in soil androck.42.Recharge area: any area of land through which water passes downward or laterally into an aquifer.43.Natural recharge: aquifers are replenished naturally by precipitation that percolates downward through soiland rock in what is called ~44.How can we increase freshwater supplies? Six ways to increase the supply of fresh water in a particulararea are to (1)build dams and reservoirs to store runoff, (2)bring in surface water from another area,(3)withdraw groundwater, (4)convert salt water to fresh water, (5)waste less water, and (6)import food toreduce water use.45.Advantages of withdrawing groundwater: (1)can be removed as needed year round, (2)is not lost byevaporation, and (3)usually is less expensive to develop than surface water systems.46.Disadvantages of withdrawing groundwater: (1)water table lowering, (2)aquifer depletion, (3)aquifersubsidence; (4)intrusion of salt water into aquifers, (5)drawing of chemical contamination in groundwater toward wells, and (6)reduced stream flow.47.Desalination: removing dissolved salts from ocean water or from brackish groundwater. Two majordisadvantages: it is expensive because it takes large amounts of energy; it produces large quantities of wastewater containing high level of salt and other minerals.48.Floodplain: heavy rain or rapid melting of snow is the major cause of natural flooding by streams. Thiscauses water in a stream to overflow its normal channel and flood the adjacent area.49.Methods of reducing flood risks: (1)straightening and deepening streams; (2)building levees; (3)buildingdams; (4)restoring wetlands to take advantage of the natural flood control provided by floodplains;(5)identifying and managing flood-prone areas.50.Petroleum(crude oil): a thick liquid consisting of hundreds of combustible hydrocarbons along with smallamounts of sulfur, oxygen, and nitrogen impurities.51.Advantage of nuclear: large fuel supply; low environmental impact; emits 1/6 as much CO2 as coal;moderate land disruption and water pollution; moderate land use; low risk of accidents because of multiple safety systems.Disadvantage of nuclear: high cost; low net energy yield; high environmental impact; catastrophicaccidents can happen; no acceptable solution for long-term storage of radioactive wastes anddecommissioning worn-out plants; spreads knowledge and technology for building nuclear weapons.52.Energy effects能源效应: the percentage of total energy input into an energy conversion device or systemthat does useful work and is not converted to low-quality, essentially useless heat.53.Advantage of use solar energy: moderate net energy; moderate environmental impact; no CO2 emissions;fast construction; costs reduced with natural gas turbine backup.Disadvantage: low efficiency; high costs; needs backup or storage system; need access to sun most of the time; high land use; may disturb desert areas.54.Advantage of using solar cells: fairly high net energy; work on cloudy days; quick installation; easilyexpanded or moved; no CO2 emissions; low environmental impacts; last 20-40years; low land use; reduces dependence on fossil fuels.Disadvantage: need access to sun; low efficiency; need electricity storage system or backup; high land use could disrupt desert areas; high costs; DC current must be converted to AC.55.Advantage of using large dams: moderate to high net energy; high efficiency(80%); low-cost electricity;long life span; no CO2 emissions during operation; may provide flood control below dam; provides water for year-round irrigation of crop land; reservoir is useful for fishing and recreation.Disadvantage: high construction costs; high environmental impacts; high CO2 emissions from biomass decay in shallow tropical reservoirs; flood natural areas; converts land habitat to take habitat; danger of collapse; uproots people; decreases fish harvest below dam; decreases flow of natural fertilizer to land below dam.58. Advantage of using wind: moderate to high net energy; high efficiency; moderate capital cost; very lowenvironmental impact; no CO2 emissions; quick construction; easily expanded; land below turbines can be used to grow crops or graze livestock.Disadvantage: steady winds needed; backup systems needed when winds are low; high land use for wind farm; visual pollution; noise when located near populated areas; may interfere in flights of migratory birds and kill birds of prey.59. Advantage of burning solid biomass: large potential supply in some areas; moderate costs; no net CO2increase if harvested and burned sustainably; plantation can be located on semiarid land not needed for crops; plantation can help restore degraded lands; can make use of agricultural, timber, and urban wastes;Disadvantage: nonrenewable if harvested unsustainably; moderate to high environmental impact; CO2 emissions if harvested and burned unsustainably; low photosynthetic efficiency; soil erosion, water pollution, and loss of wildlife habitat; plantation could compete with cropland; often burned in inefficient andpolluting open-fires and stoves,60.Advantage of using geothermal energy: very high efficiency; moderate net energy at accessible sites;lower CO2 emissions than fossil fuels; low cost at favorable sites; low land use; low land disturbance;moderate environmental impact.Disadvantage: scarcity of suitable sites; depleted if used too rapidly; CO2 emissions; moderate to high local air pollution; noise and odor; cost too high expect at the most concentrated and accessible sources.61.Atmosphere: we lived at bottom of a sea of air.62.Troposphere对流层: ~, which expends延伸only about 17 kilometers above sea level at the equator赤道and about 8 kilometers over the poles极地.63.Air pollution: the percentage of one or more chemicals in the atmosphere in sufficient quantities andduration to (1) cause harm to us, other forms of life, and materials or (2)alter climate.64.Photochemical smog: a mixture of primary and secondary pollutants formed under the influence of sunlight.65.Industrial smog: consisting mostly of (1)sulfur dioxide; (2)suspended droplets of sulfuric acid, and (3)avariety of suspended solid particles and droplets.66.Green effects: it occurs because molecules of certain atmospheric gases, warm the lower atmosphere byabsorbing some of the infrared radiation radiated by the earth’s surface.(CO2, CH4, N2O, CFOs, HCFCs, HFCs, Halons, Carbon tetrachloride)67.Global warming: most climate scientists believe that increased inputs of CO2 and other greenhouse gasesfrom human activities will (1)enhance the earth’s natural greenhouse effect and (2)raise the average global temperature of the atmosphere near the earth’s surface.68.Effects of warmer atmosphere: (1)less severe winters; (2)more precipitation in some dry areas; (3)lessprecipitation in some wet areas; (4)increased food production in some areas; (5)expanded population and range for some plant and animal species adapted to higher temperature.69.W ater pollution: any chemicals, biological, or physical change in water quality that has a harmful effect onliving organisms or makes water unsuitable for desired uses.70.Point sources: discharge pollutants at specific locations through pipes, ditches, or sewers into bodies ofsurface water.Nonpoint sources: cannot be traced to any single site of discharge. They are usually large land areas or airsheds that pollute water by runoff, subsurface flow, or deposition from the atmosphere.71.Cultural eutrophication: near urban or agricultural areas, human activities can greatly accelerate the inputof plant nutrient to a lake, which results in a process.72. Why is groundwater pollution such a serious problem?(1)storage lagoons, (2)septic tanks, (3)landfills;(4)hazardous waste dumps, and (5)deep injection wells.73.How can we protect groundwater? Contaminated aquifers are almost impossible to clean because oftheir (1)enormous volume, (2)inaccessibility, and (3)slow movement.74.Solid waste: any unwanted or discarded material that is not a liquid or a gas.75.Hazardous waste: legally defined as any discarded solid or liquid material that (1)contains one or more of 39 toxic, carcinogenic, mutagenic, or teratogenic compounds at levels that exceed established limits,(2)catches fire easily , (3)is reactive or unstable enough to explode or release toxic fumes, or (4)is capable of corroding metal containers such as tanks, drums, and barrels. Does not include: (1)radioactive wastes,(2)hazardous and toxic material discarded by household, (3)mining wastes, (4)oil-and gas-drilling wastes, (5)liquid wastes containing organic hydrocarbon compounds, (6)cement kiln dust, produced when liquid hazardous wastes are burned in a cement kiln, and (7)wastes from the thousands of small businesses and factories that generate less than 100 kilograms.76.Advantage of incinerating solid and hazardous wastes: reduced trash volume, less need for landfills, low water pollution.Disadvantage: high cost; air pollution; produces a highly toxic ash; encourage waste producting.77.Advantage of injecting liquid hazardous wastes: simple technology; safe method if sites are chosen carefully; wastes can be retrieved if problems develop; easy to do; low cost.Disadvantage: leaks or spills at surface; leaks from corrosion of well casing; existing fractures or earthquakes can allow wastes to escape to groundwater; encourages waste production.。

环境工程双语题库

1.Tell something about water crisis in china?•水资源总量为28295.7亿m3/年，•Total Renewable Water Resources (TRWR): 2829.57km3/yr•人均实际可更新水资源量仅为2205m3/人.年，只有世界平均水平的1/4 。

•Actual Renewable Water Resources, Per capita: 2205m3/p/yr, Only equals to one quarter of the world average level.•水资源地区分布很不均匀，北方地区面临缺水和水污染的双重危机。

•The water resources distribution is unbalance in time and space. Northern China is severely suffering from the crisis of water shortage and pollution.2. Source of Water Pollution can be classified as Point source pollution and Non-point source pollution, then what is Point source pollution and what is Non-point source pollution, give some examples?Point source pollution is pollution that is easily traced to a single source, or point. Some examples of point sources include:discharges from wastewater treatment plants;operational wastes from industries;Domestic wastewater from residenceAs water from rainfall and snowmelt flows over and through the landscape, it picks up and carries contaminants from many different sources. This is called Non-Point Source pollution.Some examples of point sources include:Runoff from construction site;Runoff from pasture field;Runoff from road.3. What is the root of water crisis?✓Global climate change✓Development of society✓Water pollution4.What is Oxygen –demanding substances?and What is the effect of Oxygen –demanding substances on environment?Oxygen-demanding substances are organic and inorganic residues that consume the dissolved oxygen (DO) in water and make it polluted.When these substances were discharged into water ,they are decomposed by bacteria that use DO to breakdown these waste material and lead to the depletion of DO in water.When the DO concentration decreaced to a certain Level, the water not only become unable to support aquatic life,but whose color ,taste, odor may leave it undesirable for other uses such as recreational activities or municipal water supply.5.What is eautrophication?The slow aging process during which a lake, estuary, or bay evolves into a bog or marsh and eventually disppears. When nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus from human activities are discharged into the water,this process would be accelerated. A eutrophication body of water support an overabundant growth of algae that can eventually crowed out other forms of aquatic life, leaving a water body that is unable to support fish or other life forms and is also unsuitable for human use such as for water supply. Algae boom exacerbates （加剧）the depletion of DO as decomposers ,mainly bacteria, feed on increased quantities of decaying algae. Decomposition under conditions of insufficient oxygen produce odorous gases that contribute to objectionable smell, taste , color of the water body.6.What is pathogen(病原体)?Pathogens are disease –causing agent such as bacteria, viruses, protozoa,and parasitic worms called helminths. These microorganisms are commonly found in the intestines of infected people or animals, and they are excreted in the feces that enter waterways from inadequate treated sewage discharges, stormwaterdrains, septic system and runoff from pastures and animal feedlots.If ingested, pathogen can cause human illness such as typhoid(伤寒), cholera （霍乱）and dysentery （痢疾）7..If there is any relationship between DO(dissolved oxygen)and water temperature? What does an low DO concentration indicate?Dissolved oxygen is inversely proportional to temperature, and the maximum oxygen that can be dissolved in water at most ambient temperature is about 10mg/L. the saturation value decreases rapidly with increasing water temperature.A low concentration of DO in water may indicate that the water temperature is very high,or there are some Oxygen –demanding contaminates in water.8.how to measure SS in wastewater?Measurement of suspended solid is by filtering the water sample through a filter paper. If the initial dry weight of the filter paper is known, the subtraction of this from the total weight of the filter and dries soils caught in the filter paper yield the weight of suspended solid,expresses in milligrams per liter.Example: Given the flowing data:Weight of the dry filter paper=34.766g100ml sample are filtered through the filter paper. Weight of the filter paper and solid on it after drying under the temperatureof 103～105℃Is=34.978gCan you figure out the concentration of SS(mg/L) in this water sample?SS=(34.978-34.966)/100=0.12×10-3(g/ml)=120(mg/L)9. What is biochemical oxygen demand（BOD）?Biochemical oxygen demand, or BOD,is a measure of the quantity of oxygen used by microorganisms (e.g., aerobic bacteria) in the oxidation orgnaic contaminants in water.由微生物学可知，水中可为微生物降解的有机物，可在耗氧微生物的作用下分解。

环境工程专业英语试卷样本

环境工程专业英语试卷pollution污染 acid rain酸雨interaction of systems系统的交互作用environmental problem环境问题environmental disturbance环境破坏biotic habitat生物环境sulfur dioxide二氧化硫nitrogen oxide氧化氮carbon dioxide二氧化碳automobile exhaust汽车尾气infectious diseases有传染性的疾病waterborne diseases水传染的疾病agrarian society农业社会industrial society工业社会industrial revolution产业革命urbanization城市化industrialization工业化developed country发达国家developing country发展中国家undeveloped country落后国家primary air pollutant一次大气污染物secondary air pollutant二次大气污染物monoxide一氧化物dioxide二氧化物trioxide三氧化物carbon monoxide一氧化碳carbon dioxide二氧化碳sulfur dioxide二氧化硫sulfur trioxide三氧化硫nitrous oxide一氧化二氮nitric oxide一氧化氮nitrogen dioxide二氧化氮carbon oxides碳氮化物sulfur oxides硫氧化物nitrogen oxides氮氧化物hydrocarbons碳氢化合物photochemical oxidants光化学氧化物particulates颗粒物inorganic compound无机化合物organic compound有机化合物radioactive substance放射性物质heat热 noise噪声contaminant污染物 strength强度foreign matter杂质 domestic sewage生活污水municipal wastewater城市废水 microbe微生物microorganism微生物 bacteria 细菌total solids总固体inorganic constituents无机要素suspended solids (SS)固体悬浮物volatile suspended solids (VSS)挥发性悬浮固体颗粒organic matter有机物质total organic carbon, TOC 总有机碳chemical oxygen demand, COD化学需氧量biochemical oxygen demand, BOD生化需氧量biodegradable可微生物分解的contamination污染 recontamination再污染groundwater地下水 surface water地表水restriction限制 colloid胶体screening隔栅 coagulation凝聚flocculation絮凝 sedimentation沉淀filtration过滤 disinfection消毒chlorination氯化消毒 prechlorination 预加氯ozonation臭氧消毒aeration曝气softening软化 activated carbon 活性炭adsorption吸附 reverse osmosis 反渗透desalination脱盐处理microbial degradation微生物降解biological degradation生化降解biofilm process生物膜法activated sludge process活性污泥法attached-growth吸着生长suspended-growth悬浮生长shock loading冲击负荷organic loading有机负荷mixed liquor suspended solids混合液悬浮固体metabolize使代谢化metabolism新陈代谢dissolved oxygen 溶解氧pretreatment process 预处理工艺primary clarifier初沉池equalization basin均质池biological treatment process生物处理工艺aeration basin曝气池secondary clarifier二沉池biomass生物质heterotrophic bacteria异养菌autotrophic bacteria自养菌hydraulic retention time (HRT) 水力停留时间sludge residence time (SRT) 污泥停留时间solid waste固体废物municipal城市化industrial工业的agricultural农业的hazardous危险的residential住宅的commercial商业的putrescible易腐烂的combustible易燃的flammable可燃的explosive易爆的radioactive放射性的汽车尾气automobileexhaustLandfilling土地填埋incineration: 焚烧composting: 堆肥compaction: 压实, 紧凑sanitary landfill卫生填埋balance剩下的, 余额, 结余batch-fed分批投料refuse垃圾municipal waste城市垃圾 perform: 执行 shut down: 关闭 energy recovery能量回收incomplete combustion不完全燃烧 combustion燃烧 volume reduction体积缩小anaerobic厌氧硝化中英互译短语Biological degradation生化降解 equalization basin调节池 aeration basin曝气池sludge blocs污泥絮体 settling tank沉淀池 dissolved oxygen溶解氧suspended-growth悬浮生长 pulverized refuse垃圾破碎 biofilm 生物膜well-compacted landfill压实填埋场nutrient source营养源mass-burning大量燃烧fluidized fed incarceration硫化床燃烧法 soil conditioners土壤改良剂温室效应greenhouse effect 由CO2引起的caust by CO2 世界碳预算the world carbon budget天气自然波动natural fluctuations 全球变暖global warming 厌氧的anaerobic 腐烂Putrefied 甲烷methane 臭氧层ozone layer 气候模型climatic model正常浓度: normal concentration 严重污染物: heavily polluted 决定因素: determining factor光化学氧化物: photochemical oxidants 液体微滴: liquid particulates 含硫的: sulfur-containing放射性物质: radioactiue substance 汽车尾气: automobile exhaust wet oxidation 湿式氧化1、Environment is the physical and biotic habitat which surrounds us; that which we cansee, hear, touch, smell, and taste. 环境是我们周围的物理和生物环境, 我们能够看到、听到、接触到、闻到和品尝到的。

环境科学与工程专业英语第四版,练习答案 (1)

环境科学与工程专业英语第四版,练习答案1、We all wondered（）Tom broke up with his girlfriend. [单选题] *A. thatB. whatC. whoD. why(正确答案)2、Both Mary and Linda don't care for fish. [单选题] *A. 喜欢(正确答案)B. 关心C. 照料D. 在乎3、Can you _______ this form? [单选题] *A. fillB. fill in(正确答案)C. fill toD. fill with4、—What can I do for you? —I ______ a pair of new shoes.（）[单选题] *A. likeB. would lookC. would like(正确答案)D. take5、There is not much news in today's paper,_____? [单选题] *A. is itB. isn't itC.isn't thereD. is there(正确答案)6、My watch usually _______ good time, but today it is five minutes fast. [单选题] *A. goesB. makesC. keeps(正确答案)D. gains7、—Could you please make the bed?—______.（）[单选题] *A. Yes, I wasB. No, I don’tC. Sure, I’ll do it(正确答案)D. No, that’s no problem8、Tony wants _______ a job as a language teacher in China. [单选题] *A. findB. findingC. to find(正确答案)D. to be found9、Don’t ______. He is OK. [单选题] *A. worriedB. worry(正确答案)C. worried aboutD. worry about10、Your homework must_______ tomorrow. [单选题] *A. hand inB. is handed inC. hands inD. be handed in(正确答案)11、Miss Smith is a friend of _____. [单选题] *A. Jack’s sister’s(正确答案)B. Jack’s sisterC. Jack sister’sD. Jack sister12、Comparatively speaking, of the three civil servants, the girl with long hair is _____. [单选题] *A. more helpfulB. extremely helpfulC. very helpfulD. the most helpful(正确答案)13、3．Shanghai is my hometown. It’s ________ China. [单选题] *A．nearB．far away fromC．to the east ofD．in the east of(正确答案)14、—Can you play tennis?—______. But I can play basketball.（）[单选题] *A. Yes, I canB. Yes, I doC. No. I can’t(正确答案)D. No, I don’t15、There are many beautiful _______ in the wardrobe. [单选题] *A. bookB. dresses(正确答案)C. cell phoneD. grocery16、( ). The old man enjoys ______ stamps. And now he has1300 of them [单选题] *A. collectB. collectedC. collecting(正确答案)D. to collect17、—What can I do to help at the old people’s home?—You ______ read stories to the old people. （）[单选题] *A. could(正确答案)B. mustC. shouldD. would18、I am worried about my brother. I am not sure _____ he has arrived at the school or not. [单选题] *A. whether(正确答案)B. whatC. whenD. how19、--Jenny, what’s your favorite _______?--I like potatoes best. [单选题] *A. fruitB. vegetable(正确答案)C. drinkD. meat20、The three guests come from different _______. [单选题] *A. countryB. countrysC. countryesD. countries(正确答案)21、There _______ no water or milk in the fridge. [单选题] *A. is(正确答案)B. areC. hasD. have22、I _______ no idea of where the zoo is. [单选题] *A. thinkB. getC. have(正确答案)D. take23、--What would you like to say to your _______ before leaving school?--I’d like to say"Thank you very much!" [单选题] *A. workersB. nursesC. waitersD. teachers(正确答案)24、( ). I’m _____ in that ______ film [单选题] *A. interesting interestedB. interested interesting(正确答案)C. interested interestedD. interesting interesting25、While I _____ the morning paper, a headline caught my eye.. [单选题] *A. have readB. was reading(正确答案)C. had readD. am reading26、I knocked on the door but _______ answered. [单选题] *A. somebodyB. anybodyC. nobody(正确答案)D. everybody27、Researchers have spent five years collecting data（）the study is based. [单选题] *A. on thatB. in whichC. in thatD. on which(正确答案)28、Henry lives happily with his three cats. _______ of them are part of his family. [单选题] *A. NoneB. BothC. All(正确答案)D. Neither29、Nowadays schools should care for the full _______ of a student’s talents. [单选题] *A. satisfactionB. development(正确答案)C. communicationD. preparation30、Tom’s mother will let him _______ traveling if he comes back?in five days. [单选题] *A. to goB. goesC. wentD. go(正确答案)。

1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。

一、英汉互译1. oxidizing agent——氧化剂2. activated sludge——活性污泥3. water purification——水净化4. protozoa——原生动物5. nitrogen dioxide——二氧化氮6. phosphate——磷酸盐7. the dew point——露点8. food additives——食品添加剂9. chemical plant——化工厂10.primary air pollutant——一次大气污染物11.qualitative analysis——定性分析12.environmental problem——环境问题13.incomplete combustion——不完全燃烧14.photochemical oxidants——光化学氧化剂15.suspented solid——悬浮固体16.气布比——air to cloth ratio17.一氧化碳——carbon monoxide 18.酵母——yeast19.紫外线——ultraviolet light 20.反向渗透——reverse osmosis21.水资源——water resource 22.有机物质——organic matter23.地表水——surface water 24.引风机——draft fan25.生物鉴定——bioassay 26.副产品——by-products27.环境容量——environmental capacity 28.供水，给水——water supply29.吸附——adsorption 30.环境污染——environmental pollution二、英译汉1.Protection of public health, the original purpose of pollution control, continues to be the primary objective inmany areas. However, preservation of water resources, protection of fishing areas, and maintenance of recreational waters are additional concerns today.污染控制的最初目的是保护公众的健康，在许多地方这仍然是主要目的。

然而，目前保护水资源、保护渔区和维护娱乐水域也是关注的方面。

2.Pollution can be defined as an undesirable change in the physical, chemical, or biological characteristics of theair, water, or land that can harmfully affect the health, survival, or activities of humans or other living organisms.污染：可以定义为空气、水或土壤的物理化学或生物特性发生恶化以至于对人类或生物有机体的健康、生存或活性造成了危害。

Environment can be defined as(1) the circumstance of conditions that surround an organism or group of organisms, or (2) the complex of social or cultural conditions that affect an individual or community.环境可以定义为：（1）一个生物个体或生物群体周围的状况或条件；（2）影响个体或群体的复杂的社会或文化条件。

3.Fabric filters usually provide very high collection efficiencies, exceeding 99.5%, at pressure drops usuallyranging from 4 to 6 inches of water. The amount of filter area required is often based o an air-to-cloth ratio of11.5 to 3.0 cfm of gas/ft of cloth.布袋过滤器经常提供超过99.5%的高捕集效率，压力降一般在4-6英寸水柱。

所需要的滤料面积通常是根据气布比为11.5-3.0cfm气体/平方英尺布来考虑的。

4.Sulfur and nitrogen oxides react in the atmosphere to form acidic compounds that attack metal surfaces, aproblem that has been particularly acute for the communications, switchgear, and computer industries.大气中的硫和氮的氧化物经反应后形成酸性化合物，这些化合物腐蚀金属表面，这个问题通讯设备、电力设施和计算机工业方面已经很严重。

三、选择题1. The objective of this book is to introduce engineering and science students to the interdisciplinary study ofenvironmental problems: their causes, why they are of concern, and how we can control them.（C ）A. objectiveB. bookC. environmental problemsD. students2. Thus, a pollutant species may present a toxicological hazard to plants or animals. It may also causecontamination of resources (such as air, water, and soil) so that they cannot be utilized for other purposes.（C ）A. plantsB. animalsC. resourcesD. pollutant species3. However, sewage may also contain pathogens from the excreta of people with infectious diseases that canbe transmitted by contaminated water. （D ）A. sewageB. pathogensC. peopleD. infectious diseases4. In fact, knowledgeable scientists of the time accepted land irrigation and percolation into the porousunderground formations as methods of waste treatment. Although these treatment methods may have been intended for non-hazardous materials, they were employed for hazardous materials as well. （B ）A. knowledgeable scientistsB. these treatment methodsC. non-hazardous materialsD. hazardous materials5. Sulfur and nitrogen oxides react in the atmosphere to form acidic compounds which attack metal surfaces,a problem which has been particularly acute for the communications, switchgear, and computer industries.（D ）A. SulfurB. Sulfur and nitrogen oxidesC. metal surfacesD. acidic compounds四、英译汉，每小题10分，共30分1.International cooperation in the field of environmental protection should be based on the principle of equalityamong sovereign states. The developing countries have the sovereign right to use their own natural resources in keeping with their developmental and environmental objectives and priorities. Furthermore environmentalconsiderations should not be used as an excuse for interference in the internal affairs of the developing countries, nor should these be used to introduce any forms of conditionality in aid or development financing, or to impose trade barriers affecting the export and development efforts of the developing countries.在环境保护领域的国际合作应该建立在主权国家之间的平等原则的基础上。

发展中国家有主权去利用自己国家的资源来维持发展和环境目标及其优先权。

不应该以保护环境为理由干涉发展中国家的内政，不应借此在援助或发展资金上提出任何形式的附加条件，也不应设置贸易壁垒影响发展中国家出口和发展的努力。

环境工程专业英语试题

最新环境科学与工程专业英语 (1)题库

英语环境科学英语40题

环境工程专业英语试题

环境工程专业英语考核附答案及评分标准.doc

环境工程专业英语复习(二)

环境工程双语 题库

环境工程专业英语试卷样本

环境科学与工程专业英语第四版,练习答案 (1)

环境工程双语题库