剑4-8阅读必备词汇
雅思阅读剑4-8同义词替换汇总
雅思阅读剑4-8同义词替换汇总Cambridge4 TEST11. ignore=pay no attention=not pay any attention=take no notice=not take any notice忽略，无视 v.（文章中：not in the face of）2. encounter=face=confront=meet遇见，遭遇v.3. mistaken view=misconception错误的观点n.4. easy to reach=accessible容易达到的adj.5. change=modify(modification) 改变v.6. destruction=destroy=loss毁坏n.7. investigate=make inquiries=enquiries=go into=probe=look into 调查v.8. where=geographical location 表地点9. important=vital=essential=crucial重要的adj.10. reason=cause=factor=origins=root=stimulus=impetus原因n.11. protect=guard=safeguard=shield=conservation保护v.12. newspapers, television=media媒体n.13. where to live=habitat居住地n.14. get warmer=global warming变暖n.15. contribute to=play a part有助于v.16. survive=continuing existence幸存，活下来v.17. curriculum=course=syllabus课程n.18. link to=be connected with=be linked with把…和…相联系v.19. underdeveloped=degenerated=rudimentary不发达的adj.20. poor=bad=badly=not very good=no good at something=weak贫穷的，可怜的adj.21.exceptional=good=excellent=outstanding=brilliant=impressive=admirable 超常的，例外的adj.22. mating=courtship交配.23. follow=track=tail=shadow=hound=stalk=stalker跟随，跟踪v.24. good vision ability=vision is obviously more useful…好的视力25. best=well=greatest=finest=ideal= top= number one=ultimate=optimum=definitive=unsurpassed=record-breaking极好的adj.26. surprised=amazed=astonished=astounded=be taken aback=startled感到惊讶的adj.27. volunteer=subject实验研究对象n.28. similar=resemble=like=alike相似的adj.29. blind=can not see瞎的adj.附：1.plight=alarming rate of loss2.form opinion=accept idea3.classroom=formal tuition4.hold=harbor5.mistaken view=misconception6.science=curriculum sciencerger=multifaceted8.understanding=thingking9.the most frequent=the commonestmon response=dominant idea11.live=habitat12.loss of rainforests=destuctiong of rainforests13.responsililty=responsible14.most=majority15.existence=survive16.rely on=need17.unexpectly=surprising18.newspapers and televition=media coverage19.as=contribute to20.the word gets warmer=global warmingCambridge4 TEST21. initiative=on your own/by yourself=independently=on your own initiative=under your own steam=to be the person who starts something=plan=law主动的，自发的adj. 主动权n.2. increase=go up=rise=grow=climb=gain=escalate=pick up=widen=be on theincrease=intensify=expand=build up上升，增加v.3. teach=educate=train=coach=instruct=bring up教学v.4. more than one language=bilingual=sb's second language多种语言n.5. determine=establish=identify=pinpoint=diagnose 决定v.6. young people=teenager=youth=in your teens=adolescent=minor年轻人n.7. community=all the people in a particular area, city, country etc.群体，团体，社区n.8. traditional=old-fashioned=outdated=outmoded=unfashionable传统的adj.9. fail=failure=notsucceed=unsuccessful=vain=fruitless=unproductive=be a failure=go wrong=not work=do nogood=fall through失败v.10. endanger=to put someone or something in danger of beinghurt=damaged=destroyed危及，使危险v.11. diverse=varied=variety=wide-ranging=mixed各种各样的adj.12. inevitable=certain to happen and impossible to avoid不可避免的adj.13. differ from=unusual与…不同v.14. reluctant=unwilling=not willing=drag your feet=be loath to do something=conservative勉强的adj.15. consult=ask somebody's advice=seek advice=get/obtain advice资询v.16. alternative=another=other=different=new=else=variation=variant另一个17. therapist=someone who has been trained to give a particular form of treatment for physical or mental illness临床医学家n.18. retrain=taking courses再教育v.19. salary=pay=wage=income=earnings=fee工资，收入n.20.long-term=chronic=long-running=long-standing=lasting=lifelong=prolong ed=lingering=enduring=abiding=incurable长期的adj.21. complaint=complain=make a complaint=protest=object=complain抱怨n.22. illness=disease=virus=bug=infection疾病 n.23. connection=relationship=link=correlation联系 n.24. beneficial=be good for you/ do somebodygood=wholesome=nutritious=nourishing=healthful有益的 adj.25. insight=comprehension=understanding理解，见解 n.26. physical=relating to the body=bodily身体的 adj.27. hazard=risk=danger=threat障碍，危险n.28. accompany=with=together=along with=come wit陪伴,伴随29. mental=relating to the health or state of someone's mind精神上的，心理的 adj.30. possible=possibility=can=potential=there is a chance/possibility 可能的adj.31. reduction=decrease=drop=fall=cut 减少 n.32. class=type=kind=sort=style=category=variety种类n.33. rehearsal=practice=training=run-through=exercise排练，演习 n.34. peer=your peers are the people who are the same age as you, or who have the same type of job, social classetc同伴 n.35. defensive=used or intended to protect someone or something against attack 防御n.36. strategy=way=method=approach=technique=system=tactics 方法，功略n.37. assist=help=aid=with the aid of帮助 v.38. specific=give (somebody) more details=expand on=enlarge on=go into more=greater detail=be morespecific=be more explicit=elaborate特定的adj.39. substance=a particular type of solid, liquid, or gas 物质 n.40. surroundings=environment=circumstance 环境 n.41. engage=give somebody a job=employ=take on=appoint=recruit=sign up 雇佣 v.42. combine=mix=stir=beat=blend=whisk=dilute联合v.43. survival=the state of continuing to live or exist幸存n.附：1.not certain=not known2.no=unable3.underdevelopment=degenerated rudimentary4.very sensitive=particularly sensitive5.exceptional in water=extremely keen vision in waterually=primarilye= in general employ8.mating=courtship9.eat=feed10.follow=track11.best developed=well-developedCambridge4 TEST31. quotation= a sentence or phrase from a book, speech etc which you repeat in a speech or piece of writingbecause it is interesting or amusing 引言n.2. exemplify= example=case=instance=to be a very typical example of something=to give an example ofsomething 例证 v.3. explain=tell=say what/why/where etc=show=demonstrate=gothrough=throw/shed light on=set out解释v.4. outline= to describe something in a general way, giving the main points but not the details概述 v.5. purpose=aim=point=idea=objective=object=goal= target=end目的 n.6. encourage=persuade=persuasion=get somebody to dosomething=influence=encourage=talk somebodyinto=put somebody up to鼓励 v.7. loan= an amount of money that you borrow from a bank etc. 贷款 n.8. poverty= being poor贫穷n.9. crime= illegal activities in general犯罪 n.10. reject=to refuse to accept, believe in, or agree with something 拒绝 v.11. employ=give somebody a job=take on=engage= appoint=recruit=sign up 雇佣 v.12. courier=a person or company that is paid to take packages somewhere 快递员 n.13. storage=keep=store=keep something in storage=preserve 存储n.14. facility=rooms, equipment, or services that are provided for a particular purpose 设备n.15. ambitious=ambition=power-hungry/power-mad=competitive= determined to be successful, rich, powerfuletc.有志向的，雄心壮志的 adj.16. effort=to try very hard to do something= attempt=campaign=drive努力 n.17. feature= a part of something that you notice because it seems important, interesting, or typical；a part of theland, especially a part that you can see: a part of someone's face, such as their eyes, nose etc特点 n.18. planet= the world=earth/Earth=the globe 地球 n.19. unpredictable=can't say/tell=unforeseeable=it remains to be seen 无法预测的 adj.20. machinery=machines, especially large ones= a system or set of processes for doingsomething=machine=device=robot=appliance=mechanism 机械 n.21. ultimate=someone's ultimate aim is their main and most important aim, that they hope to achieve in thefuture= final最终的，根本的 adj.22. atmosphere= the feeling that an event or place gives you= the mixture of gases that surrounds the Earth气氛;大气n.23. occur=happen=take place=there is=come about=come up=turnup=arise=strike发生v.24. expand= get bigger=grow=swell up=stretch扩张，扩大v.25. form= type= way something is/appears=shape形式 n.26. emerge=appear=become visible=come into view/come into sight=come out=reappear 出现 v.27. emit= to send out gas, heat, light, sound etc 发出，放射 n.28. situation= circumstances=position=case=plight情况，状况 n.29. self-conscious=worried and embarrassed about what you look like or what other people think of you自觉的n.30. generate= to make someone have a particular feeling=form=produce=create 产生 v.31. various=there are several different types of that thing=different=a variety ofsomething=differing=varying=an assortment of something=assorted=a mix of something=a mixture of something各种各样的 adj.32. convenient= a thing or way of doing something that is easy and quick;a time or arrangement that is convenient 方便的 adj.33. objective=impartial=neutral=not take sides=unbiased=disinterested 客观的 adj.34. enquiry=investigate=make inquiries/enquiries=go into=probe=look into=solve=be under investigation 调查35. observe=notice=can see/can tell=see=spot=detect=note become aware/conscious=catch somebody'seye=perceive观察 v.36. comment=remark=thing to say=point=statement=announcement=declaration=observation评论37. include=consist of=comprise=be composed of= be made up of包含，包括 v.38. focus on=deals only with=concentrate专注于 v.39. affect=have an effect=have an impact=take effect= make a difference=impact影响 v.40. gained from=come from=be based on=originate= go back to=have its origins in=have its roots in=derivefrom/be derived from=develop from/evolve from产生于…. V.41. concern=worry=stress=anxiety=strain= a feeling of worry about something important关心，担心n.Cambridge4 TEST41. official=formal=authorized=on (the) record官方的，正式的 adj.2. athletic=physically strong and good at sport=fit=be in shape=be in good condition运动的 adj.3. intensive=involving a lot of activity, effort, or careful attention in a short period of time=rapid=crash course密集的，加强的 adj.4. burst=a short sudden effort or increase in activity=burst ofanger/enthusiasm/temper etc 爆炸，突发5. recognize=know=identify=pick out=tell认出，承认v.6. inadequate=not enough=too little=few=scarce=insufficient=be in short supply=lack of something=be short不足的 adj.7. develop=come from=be based on=originate=go back to=have its origins in=have its roots in=derive from=bederived from=be founded on=grow out of=develop from=evolve from发展，生长 v.8. enable=make something possible=allow=permit=pave the way for=clear the way for使能够 v.9. predict=anticipate=forecast=foretell=prediction=projected=guess in advance预测 v.10. specialist=someone who knows a lot about a particular subject, or is very skilled at it=expert专家 n.11. theoretical=relating to the study of ideas, especially scientific ideas, rather than with practical uses of theideas or practical experience理论的 adj.12.basic=fundamental=essential=central=underlying=simple=crude=primitive =rudimentary=unsophisticated=low-tech基本的 adj.13. nature=plants/animals etc=somebody's character=qualities of something=type自然 n.14. aim=purpose=point=idea=objective=object=goal=target=end目的 n.15. translate=change languages=interpret=put something intoEnglish/French/Japanese etc翻译 v.16. ancient=belonging to a time long ago in history, especially thousands of years ago 古老的 adj.17. realistic=when pictures, films etc make things seemreal=lifelike=realism=true to life=vivid实际的，现实的18. field=area=branch=world=domain=realm=sphere领域 n.19. document=a piece of paper that has official information on it；a piece of written work that is stored on acomputer文件 n.20. equal=the same in number, amount, level etc as something else平等的 adj.21. influence=effect=side effect=impact=what something does to=the implications 影响 n.22. behavior=manner=conduct=behave=well-behaved=good=be on yourbest=stay out of trouble行为 n.23. compare=to examine or judge two or more things in order to show how they are similar to or different fromeach other=liken=make a comparison=draw an analogy=draw aparallel=contrast 比较 v.24. economically=in a way that is related to systems of money, trade, or business经济上地 adv.25. establish=determine=identify=pinpoint=diagnose=to start a new business or organization.建立新的生意/组织 v.26. sustainable=able to continue without causing damage to the environment; able to continue for a long time可持续的 adj.27. realize=know=be/become aware=can tell=appreciate=be conscious=know perfectly well=know/learn fromexperience意识到 v.28. limit=restrict=set/impose/put a limit=keep to/keepwithin=confine=fix 限制29. produce=form=create=generate生产 v.30. guarantee=promise=assure=give somebody your word=swear=vow=commit to=pledge保证 v.31. liberty=freedom=a free hand自由 n.32. independence=self-sufficiency=self-reliance 独立 n.33. consistent=always behaving in the same way or having the same attitudes, standards etc - usually used toshow approval持续的 adj.34. underestimate=to think or guess that something is smaller, cheaper, easier etc than it really is=to think thatsomeone is not as good, clever, or skilful, as they really are低估 v.35. provision=when you provide something that someone needs now or in the future 提供 n.Cambridge5 TEST11. produce=develop=manufacture生产 v.2. central=middle中心的 adj.3. did not have=without没有 v.4. bring=confer=award=present=grant=confer=allocate=offer带来 v.5. time limit=deadline时间限制，期限 n.6. increase=go up/rise=grow=climb=gain=escalate=expand=pickup=widen=intensify=build up增加7. assistant=helper=coach 助手 n.8.immense=big=major=considerable=great=huge/enormous=tremendous=large scale/large-scale巨大的 adj.9. illustrate=show=be a sign=demonstrate=mean=makeclear=reflect=tell=be evidence=reveal 表明，显示 v.10. quotation=a phrase or sentence that is well-known or often used 引用语 n.11. predecessor=someone who had your job before you started doing it 前辈，前任n.12. rival=a person, group, or organization that you compete with in sport, business, a fight etc=competitor 对手，竞争者 n.13. distraction=something that stops you paying attention to what you are doing分心的事物 n.14. fault=defect=problem=trouble=flaw=weakness =bug=virus=be something wrong with 错误，缺点15. cornerstone=basis=foundation=the key 基石n.16. confer=award=present=grant=allocate 给予 v.17. stability=the condition of being steady and not changing稳定 n.18. prevail=win=come out on top=prevail=carry the day流行,获胜v.19. contract=agreement=understanding=compromise 合约 n.20. grant=award=present=confer=allocate给予 v.21. fascinate=if someone or something fascinates you, you are attracted to them and think they are extremelyinteresting吸引，使着迷 v.22. disturb=interrupt=bother=distract=put somebody off 打扰 v.23. expect=think=anticipate预期，期待 v.24. psychology=the study of the mind and how it influences people's behavior 心理学 n.25. obey=comply with=abide by=keep to=stick to the rules=conformto=observe=respect=toe the line=go by the book/do something by the book 服从，顺从v.26. identity=someone's identity is their name or who they are 身份n.27. severity=used of the degree of something undesirable 严重性 n.28. unfold=open=happen=develop=expand 展开，发生 v.29. deliberately=intentionally=on purpose=purposely故意地 adv.30. moral=relating to the principles of what is right and wrong behavior, and with the difference between goodand evil 道德上的，与道德有关的 adj.31. prior to=before=previous在…前面32. repetition=doing or saying the same thing many times重复 n.33. genetic=relating to genes or genetics基因的，遗传学的 adj.34. sacrifice=when you decide not to have something valuable, in order to get something that is more important牺牲 v.35. victim=someone who has been attacked, robbed, or murdered受害者 n.36. forge=form=counterfeit 形成;伪造 v.37. persuade=convince=win over=talk around 说服 v.38. surrender=give in 投降，放弃 v.39. extinct=an extinct type of animal or plant does not exist anymore=disappear=vanish灭绝的，绝种的 adj.40. abundant=plenty=ample 充裕的，丰富的 adj.41. exaggerate=overstate夸张，夸大 v.42. phenomenon=something that happens or exists in society, science, or nature, especially something that isstudied because it is difficult to understand 现象 n.43. perception=idea=notion=view=belief=insight 认识，观念，看法 n.44. impression=infection=effect=influence=affection印象，感想 n.45. entitle=to give someone the official right to do or have something 使某人有权利/资格 v.46. distortion=a change for the worse=deformation扭曲，曲解 v.47. dispose=to arrange things or put them in theirplaces=arrange=settle=manage=cope with=deal with 安排，处理 v.48. intuition=the ability to understand or know something because of a feeling rather than by considering thefacts=instinct 直觉 n.49. emission=a gas or other substance that is sent into the air排放物，散发物n.50. diminish=reduce=decrease=fall=lessen=cut 减少，减小v.51. postpone=put back=delay=adjourn 延期，推迟 v.52. crucial=important=critical=vital=necessary=essential 至关重要的adj.53. pessimistic=expecting that bad things will happen in the future or that something will have a badresult=getting worse悲观的 adj.54. attempt=purpose=order=effort 尝试，努力Cambridge5 TEST21. similar=like=resemble相似的 adj.2. derive=originate=come from=stem from起源 v.3. impetus=momentum=stimulus=incentive=motivation=encouragement 动机，动力 n.4. generate=produce=bring into existence=make=manufacture产生 v.5. couple with=and=accompany=with 伴随 v.6. factor=reason=element=component=ingredient 因素 n.7. unique=have thedistinction=distinct=different=extraordinary=special独特的 adj.8. advance=progress=development=growth=increase进步 n.9. field=domain=territory=industry=sector领域 n.10. alternative=substitute=replacement替代物 n.11. like=such as=for example=for instance 例如12. resource=material=source资源，来源 n.13. limited=restricted=exhaustible=finite有限的adj.14. involve=rely on=contain=comprise 包含，牵涉 v.15. current=modern=recent=present最近的adj.16. particular=extraordinary=special=detail=specific=unique特别的，独有的adj.17. draw on=absorb=do with吸收 v.18. settle on=make choice of=decide on选定 v.19. superiority=advantage=edge=high quality优势 n.20. accompany=when=keep company=be associated with 陪伴，伴随v.21. view=belief=opinion=insight=perception 观点 n.22. artificial intelligence=reasoning in machine人工智能 n.23. involve with=associate with=link to=relate to与…有关联 v.24. release=issue=launch=convey=public=deliver 发行，发表v.25. difficult=demanding=hard=tough困难的 adj.26. task=job=work=labour 任务，工作 n.27. instantly=rapidly=immediately立即地 adv.28. react=respond 反应 v.29. relate to=depend on=link to=associate with=involve with 与…有关系v.30. subject views=outlook=personal/individualviews=personal/individual opinions 主观观点 n.31. distort=to change the appearance, sound, or shape of something so that it is strange or unclear; to reportsomething in a way that is not completely true or correct=misinterpret 扭曲，歪曲 v.32. figure out=settle=decide=tell=understand 理解，想出 v.33. assessment=appraisal=evaluation=estimate=judgment评估，估计 v.34. emerge=appear=come forth出现 v.35. remain=keep=stay=maintain保持 v.36. exploitation=development=utilization=usage利用，使用n.37. foster=cultivate=raise=nurture培养，养育 v.38. overtake=catch up=sweep over赶上，压倒 v.39. initial=original=premier最初的，开始的 adj.40. whereas=however=while=nevertheless=but=yet然而，但是 adv.Cambridge5 TEST31. outcome=product=result=conclusion=consequence 结果，后果 n.2. overcome=win=get over=exceed克服，战胜 v.3. insufficient=deficient=shortage=lack=scarcity不足的 adj.4. supply=provide=furnish=give 提供 v.5. launch=release=project=send=shot=emit 开始，投放 v.6. suppose=expect=imagine=guess=speculate=think猜想，设想 v.7. detect=perceive=explore=sense发觉，觉察v.8. handicap=difficult=obstacle=hindrance=bar=deterrent 障碍，困难n.9. peer=the people who are at the same age as you, or who have the same type of job, social class etc.同龄人，伙伴 n.10. positive=optimistic=uplifting 积极的 adj.11. administer=manage=conduct=implement=perform执行，管理 v.12. funding=money=funds=financial resource 资金，基金 n.13. interact=if people interact with each other, they talk to each other, work together etc. 互动 v.14. irrigation=the supplement of land or crops with water 灌溉 n.15. sedimentation=the natural process by which small pieces of rock, earth etc settle at the bottom of the sea etcand form a solid layer 积淀 n.16. interrupt=break=violate=cut in打断，打扰 v.17. process=procedure=method=approach过程 n.18. threat=danger=intimidation 威胁 n.19. valuable=precious=worthy宝贵的，珍贵的 adj.20. construct=build=make=found 建造 v.21. blame=to say or think that someone or something is responsible for something bad责备，怪罪 v.22. stimulate=encourage=activate=motivate鼓励，刺激 v.23. long-term=long-run=long-period长期的 adj.24. impact=affect=influence=effect影响 v.&n.25. occur=happen=exist=come发生 v.26. contain=include=cover=possess 包含 v.27. military=battlefield=martial军事的adj.28. separate=disparate=distinct=different分开的，不同的adj.29. vanish=extinct=disappear 消失 v.30. consciousness=awareness 意识 n.31. ignite=light=inflame点燃 v.32. encompass=include=contain=cover包含，围绕 v.33. reckon=think=suppose=believe=imagine=expect=feel认为 v.34. widespread=universal=extensive=popular=general广泛的，普遍的adj.35. launch=coin=project=release=issue创新，开辟 v.36. contemporary=modern-day, present-day同时代的adj.37. potential=possible=underlying=likely=expected=latent 潜在的，可能的adj.38. prospect=expectation=outlook=chance展望，希望n.39. perception=idea=insight=viewpoint感觉，领悟n.Cambridge5 TEST41. community=organization=group=body团体n.2. fragile=delicate脆弱的adj.3. remote=distant 遥远的 adj.4. require=desire=order=command要求 v.5. inhabitant=resident=dweller居住者，居民 n.6. consequently=thus=accordingly=hence=therefore=as a result 结果，因此 adv.7. destination=goal=end point=terminus目的地n.8. throughout=around=wholly=everywhere=end-to-end自始至终，到处，全部adv.9. operate=act=run运转 v.10. output=product输出，产品 n.11. decline=reduction=fall=slump=decrease=recession 下降n.12. undermine=destroy=damage=hurt=ruin 破坏 v.13. revive=renaissance复兴 v.14. unusual=rare=strange=uncommon罕见的，不寻常的 adj.15. ordinary=standard=common=usual=general普通的,平常的adj.16. fragment=shard=debris=pieces=ruins碎片n.17. break=shatter=crack打碎，打破 v.18. interior=inner layer=inside 内部的n. &adj.19. insist=claim=argue=believe=think坚持，坚称 v.20. expand=extend=grow=boom=spread out=enhance扩张，扩大v.21. suppress=control=restrain=repress=putdown=oppress=inhibit=ban=forbid=stifle 压制 v.22. speed up=increase speed=quicken up=accelerate speed加速 v.23. examine=analyse=survey=inspect=study=detect=investigate检查，调查v.24. dispute=debate=controversy=disagree=argue争论，争执n.&v.25. detect=analyse=explore=research=survey=investigate=inspect 察觉，发现 v.26. claim=say=state=insist=argue=think=believe声称 v.27. cue=implication=reminder=hint=evidence提示，信号，暗号n.28. unpredictable=fluctuate=changeable无法预测的 adj.29. be referred to as=be known as=be regarded as 被称为30. encourage=induce=trigger=stimulate=boost=inspire鼓励，促使 v.31. considerable=plenty=big=major=important数量可观的 adj.32. regardless of=despite of=take no notice of 不管，不顾33. adequate=plenty=proper=appropriate=suitable充足的,适当的 adj.34. assure=make sure=guarantee=ensure=insure=secure=make certain of保证，确保 v.35. suitable=appropriate=proper=adequate=matching 合适的 adj.Cambridge6 TEST11. exchange=apply something learned in one to others=change 交流v.2. expertise=skill 专门技术n.3. employ=analyze=study 使用v.4. investigation=analysis 调查n.5. narrow=focus on 缩小范围v.6. reproduce=copy=replicate=repeat 复制v.7. funded support=finance 资金n.8. athlete=sportsmen and women 运动员n.9. calculate=measure 计算 v.10. event=championship 赛事 n.11. plan=prepare=design 计划 v.12. improve=grow=get better 进步 v.13. trade=economy 贸易n.14. transport=import or export=deliver 运输 v.15. local=domestic=native=indigenous 当地的adj.16. weakening=less=reduced=decreased 下降的adj.17. value=worth=price=credit=use=benefit=profit 价值n.18. delivery=export or import 运输 n.20. international=ocean=global=worldwide 国际的 adj.21. shipping=freight 船运 n.22. cargo=freight=goods 货物 n.23. tariff=charge=fee=tax 税费n.24. landscape=environment=nature=surrounding=circumstance=view风景n.25. difficult=harsh=demanding=tough=challenging 困难的 adj.26. essential supplies=food and clothing=necessities 必需品 n.27. supply=provision=support 供给 n.28. grow=increase=rise=improve=go up=boost=expand=extend 增长 v.29. respect=credibility=weight=hour=admiration=consideration尊重n.30. understanding=knowledge 了解 n.31. well-being=health 健康 n.32. impossible=out of the question=unlikely 不可能 adj.33. catch=exploit=capture 抓捕 v.34. surrounding=environment=circumstance 环境 n.35. push to one's limits=test one's limits 挑战极限36. not unmanageable=can cope with 能处理的37. present inhabitant=descendant 居民38. give up=abandon 放弃39. mainly=heavily=most 主要地40. visit=venture 参观Cambridge6 TEST21. successfully=spectacularly well=wonderfully 成功地adv.2. people power=local pressure groups 群众力量n.3. commute=travel 通勤 v.4. higher=increasing=more 更高的 adj.5. income=wealth=salary=wage=payment 收入n.6. beneficial=valuable=profitable=good 有益的 adj.7. together=face to face 共同8. refute=not mean=rebut=deny 反驳v.9. accommodation=live=living condition 住宿n.10. usage=use=benefit=profit 用处n.11. averagely good=reasonable but not special 较好的12. limited=minimal 有限的adj.13. move from one to another=adopt one over another 转移14. show=reveal=uncover=indicate=point out=imply 表明15. related=associated 有关联的 adj.16. suffer=be afflicted 忍受（病痛）v.17. research=study=investigation=survey 研究n.18. affect=afflict=influence=change 影响v.19. disease=medical complain=illness 病痛 n.20. increase=surge=rise=gain=grow=go up=add=escalate 上升v.21. link=correlation=connection=relationship 关系n.22. considerable=significant=substantial=massive=marked大量的 adj.23. reduction=drop=concession=fall=decrease 下降 n.24. elderly people=old people 老人n.25. independent=self-reliant 自立的 adj.26. regular=daily 定期的adj.27. exercise=physical activity 运动n.28. challenging=difficult=tough=demanding 有挑战性的adj.29. decline=deteriorate=reduce=drop=decrease 下降v.30. lonely=emotionally isolated 孤独的adj.31. hand signal=gesture=body language 手势n.32. restricted=limited 有限的adj.33. concept=abstract idea=definition 定义n.34. specific=particular=detailed 特定的adj.35. early=older 早期的adj.36. fulfill=qualify=achieve=keep=satisfy 完成v.37. sufficient=enough 足够的adj.38. quantity=how many=amount 数量n.39. misunderstanding=confusion 误解n.40. prevent=resolve=forbid=stop 防止v.41. poor=lack of=impoverished 贫穷adj.42. newer=later=recent=present 新的adj.43. ancestor=early people=predecessor 祖先n.Cambridge6 TEST31. teach=educate=cultivate=nature 教育v.2. actor=star 演员n.3. first=initial=early=primary 最早的adj.4. storyline=narrative=plot 故事情节n.5. globe=world 世界n.6. early=first=ancient 早期的adj.7. passing of time=flow of time 时光的流逝8. describe=tell 描述v.9. realistic=achievable 现实的adj.10. target=goal=aim 目标n.11. feedback=comment=advice=criticism 反馈n.12. match to=suit to 合适13. reward=promotion or advancement=prize=benefit 奖励n.14. link to=make something contingent on=associate with=connectwith=relate to 联系起来15. achievement=attainment=gain=success 成就n.16. remuneration=payment 酬金n.17. tend to=prone to 倾向于18. feel=perceive=think=find=experience=notice=have an opinion 感觉v.19. participate=be involved in=take part in=join 参加v.。
雅思听力场景词汇(剑桥4-8)
Survival Scenario HOUSE-RENTINGPeoplelandlord / landlady (女)房东tenant房客agent/agency中介host family接待家庭guest客人neighbour邻居AccommodationFeesrent 租金deposit 押金withdraw 取钱utility bills 水电费water electricity phone gas netwater / gas / electricity / telephone bill weekly/monthly每周的/每月的refundable可退回的capital insurance保险loan interest rate contract合同，合约itemLocation位置downtown / city centre市中心suburbs / outskirts 郊区urban/rural area市区/郊县north北, south南, east东, west西northwest西北；southwest西南northeast东北；southeast东南northern北边的road/street/avenue/lane/drive街道Accommodation住宿property房产guest house招待所home-stay 寄宿家庭flat / apartment公寓studio apartment单身公寓single room单人间twin room 双人间（两个床）triple room 三人间hostelDietaryrefreshments/ snack点心refresher special food / dietary requirement对于食物特殊要求food allergies/ be allergic to 对…食物过敏allergyvegetarian素食主义者vegetation seafood海鲜entertainment /recreation /leisureFacility / Equipment / Apparatus 设备living room客厅dining room饭厅kitchen厨房kitchen-dinnerbathroom卫生间garden花园yard庭院cloakroom衣帽间study书房garage 车库car park 停车场lift电梯fire gate/exit紧急出口air conditioner / conditioning 空调heating取暖closed-circuit TV / video surveillance闭路电视/监控系统toaster/ oven/ shower/closet/cupboard/balcony/dish/plate/leak/screen/curtain/ Door knob/handleTRAVELLINGTravel arrangement travel agency旅行社tour guide导游guided tours带导游的旅行reserve/reservation预定book/booking预定recreation/ entertainment/ leisure娱乐Tourist Attraction旅游景点highlight热点rainforest雨林swamp / marsh 沼泽wetland湿地desert沙漠grassland草原bush灌木丛waterfall 瀑布viewpoint 观景点，制高点viewing shelter观景棚historic(al) interest历史遗迹castle城堡cathedral大教堂botanical garden植物园art gallery画廊museum博物馆ancient temple古寺theme park主题公园organic farm有机农场aquarium水族馆undersea worlds海底世界amusement park游乐园orchard果园beach / coast/ shore沙滩、海滨hot spring温泉water mill水力发电站dock港口dam水坝footbridge人行小桥Great Barrier Reef大堡礁Stonehenge巨石阵Sydney Opera House悉尼歌剧院Tower of London伦敦塔Activitiesbushwalk林中漫步hiking徒步旅行trekking跋涉camping野营campsite营地cycling骑自行车rock climbing / cliff walks攀岩Entertainment娱乐musical instrument乐器keyboard键盘piano钢琴；pianist钢琴家string instrument弦乐器violin小提琴；violinist小提琴家cello大提琴；cellist大提琴家guitar吉他；guitarist吉他手flute笛子drum鼓pop流行音乐jazz爵士乐folk民谣easy listening轻音乐classical古典音乐live music现场音乐disco跳舞厅pub酒吧clubhouse会所concert hall音乐厅opera house歌剧院karaoke bars卡拉OKconcert音乐会cinema电影院Studio Theatre演播剧场theatre剧院theatrical events戏剧theatrette 剧院exhibition展览department stores百货商场Transportationvehicle车辆four-wheel drive四驱车jeep吉普车minibus中巴coach长途客车railway station火车站Central Station中央车站airport机场2雅思听力·场景词汇3river cruise 游艇游览 helicopter 直升飞机 shuttle bus 班车 cab / taxi 计程车MEMBERSHIPDivisionssports club 健身俱乐部 fitness centre 健身俱乐部 gym 健身房 reception 前台 locker room 更衣室keep-fit studio 健身室 dance studio 舞蹈教室tennis court 网球场 swimming pool 游泳池 salad bar 沙拉吧 Staff receptionist 前台接待人员 coach/trainer 教练instructor 指导教练 dietician 饮食专家 internal member 内部人员 external member 外部人员Registration application form 申请表reference number 档案号 passport photo 护照照片 documents for ID/ ID card 证明文件 driver ’s license 驾照 passport 护照 student card 学生证 bank statement 银行对账单 utility bills (water, electricity, phone, gas) 水电费账单 reference letter from employer 雇主证明信 joining fee 入会费 annual fee 年费assess/access SportsTEAM SPORTS soccer/ football 足球 beach volleyball 沙滩排球 basketball 篮球 baseball 棒球 hockey 曲棍球 handball 手球BALL GAMES golf 高尔夫 badminton 羽毛球 table tennis 乒乓球RACKET BALL tennis 网球 squash 壁球 squatEXERCISE boxing 拳击 kick-boxing 搏击 judo 柔道 yoga 瑜伽 jogging 慢跑 aerobics 有氧运动 stretch class 拉伸运动CARmake 牌子 model 型号 manufacturer 厂商 engine size 排量 (litre 升, cc) gear change 变速器 manual 手动挡 automatic 自动挡 top speed 最高速 mileage 里程数 instrument panel 仪表盘 frame 车架 wheel (front, rear) 车轮（前轮，后轮） steering wheel 方向盘 car bumper 保险杠insurance company 保险公司Rolls-Royce 劳斯莱斯part exchange 部分抵换BANKINGPaymentcash现金check(cheque)支票credit card 信用卡(VISA, MASTER, American Express)Currencyforeign currency 外汇exchange rate 汇率pound ￡dollar $euro €Opening an accountcurrent account 活期账户deposit account定期账户joint account 联合账户instant account 速成账户select account 高级账户opening sum 开户额identity security身份认证bank statement 银行对账单Transactiondeposit 存款withdraw (withdrawal) 取款overdraft/ overdraw 透支balance 余额interest 利息interest rate 利率teller 出纳transfer 转账loan贷款Academic ScenarioCOURSE DELIVERYFaculty师资tutor导师lecturer讲师convenor老师counselor顾问principal校长director主任staff员工Sessionsenroll报名参加session（一节）课tutorial辅导课lecture讲座seminar研讨会group discussion小组讨论workshop讨论会diploma course文凭课程modular course 模块课程training session 培训课程refresher course补习课程intensive course强化课程studies研究semester/term学期course outline 课程大纲handout(s) 讲义orientation week学习指导周（开学第一周）SubjectBiology生物Biophysics生理Cartography绘图法Economics经济学Education教育Finance金融Geography地理4雅思听力·场景词汇Mathematics数学Marketing市场Politics政治Sociology社会学Statistics统计学Social Science社会科学Topography地形学CoursesAdvanced English Studies高级英语研究General English普通英语Academic English学术英语Gender Studies性别研究Second Language Acquisition第二语言习得Educationprimary school小学secondary school初中undergraduate本科postgraduate研究生Bachelor学士Master硕士Doctor博士Countries, regions and LanguagesAustraliaQueenslandNew South WalesPortugueseSpanishLatin AmericaASSIGNMENTCourseworkassignment作业essay论文report报告case study案例分析project项目presentation演示，报告dissertation学位论文experiment实验written work书面作业Requirementsdeadline最后期限extension延期submit/hand in上交length/word limit篇幅/字数限制title标题chapter/section章，节bibliography参考书目draft初稿typos拼写错误layout排版contents page目录subheadings副标题formatting格式numbering编码page numbers页码headers页眉footers页脚bullet points要点列举Methodologystudy研究branch分支identify鉴定，验明research 研究investigation调查survey调查data, statistics, figure数据main methods:1) questionnaire 问卷调查response rate回复率2) Interview采访telephone interview电话采访face-to-face interview面对面的采访*taped interview 录音采访3) observation观察Assessmentreview批改evaluation评估marking criteria评分标准feedback反馈oral / written test口（笔）试placement test分级考试LIBRARYLoansreference book 参考书fiction小说textbooks 教材periodical期刊current / back issue 现（过）刊journal 学术期刊newspaper(papers)报纸(local, national) magazine杂志category 种类publisher出版人，出版方press出版社author作者multimedia materials多媒体资料audio-visual materials 音像材料video录像cassette磁带tape录像带Procedureborrowing/loan period借阅期限due date还书日overdue 过期fines 罚款renew 续借recall 预借FacilitiesCD-ROM 只读光盘database 数据库Internet access网络接入laptop 笔记本电脑scanner扫描仪photocopier复印机laser printer激光打印机microscope显微镜COLLEGE FACILITIESequipment room器材室media room媒体室resources room资源室computer center计算机中心laboratory实验室main hall大厅，礼堂lecture room阶梯教室lecture theater演讲厅drama theater剧院halls of residence宿舍living quarters居住区student health center医务室insurance center保险中心refectory自助餐厅canteen自助餐厅cafeteria自助餐厅dining room食堂diner饭馆nursery托儿所child care centre托儿所counseling center咨询中心雅思听力·场景词汇Lectures ECONOMICSoverheads经费outlay经费investment投资capital资本strike罢工takeover收购issue发行stock股票share股份stock market股市market share市场份额outlet商店chain连锁retail零售wholesale批发distributer分销商marketing市场营销campaign战略advertising广告sales销售额profit利润product产品production生产manufacture生产manufacturer出厂商storehouse/warehouse仓库competition竞争cooperation合作interest rates利率training培训favorable terms优惠的条款innovation创新outdated落后的machinery机器（总称）management team/ layers管理层employer雇主employee雇员staff员工applicant申请者corporate公司organization组织corporate crime集团犯罪embezzlement盗用，侵吞fraud诈骗import进口export出口BIOLOGYspecies物种sub-species亚种gene pool基因库ancestor祖先descend传承breed繁殖rear养育extinction灭绝endanger濒危threaten威胁eradicate灭绝infest感染introduced animals外来动物wildlife reserve野生动物保护区nature reserve自然保护区sanctuary 保护区refuge保护区habitat栖息地prohibit禁止quarantine service检疫局creature生物parasite寄生虫mite(s) 螨pest害虫insect昆虫honey bee蜜蜂reptile爬行动物snake蛇dinosaur恐龙mammal哺乳动物lion狮子whale鲸鱼dolphin海豚shark鲨鱼kiwi几维鸟emus鸸鹋ostrich鸵鸟penguin企鹅pollinate授粉flora植物群sting（昆虫）叮咬sense of smell嗅觉vision视觉，视野eye-sight 视力skeleton骨骼limbs四肢hoof蹄子horn角hair/fur皮毛skin/hide兽皮leather皮革mane鬃毛pouch育儿袋scale鱼鳞tail尾巴fin(s)鱼鳍beak喙feather羽毛wings翅膀flightless不会飞的chick雏鸟hatch孵化pellet(s)坚硬小球，团粒AGRICULTUREproduce农产品livestock牲畜poultry家禽fishstock养鱼业cattle牛群herd（兽）群crops农作物cereal crops谷物wheat小麦barley大麦grain谷粒farmland农地plough犁；耕地cultivation耕作husbandry农业，耕作animal husbandry畜牧irrigation灌溉pot罐子pottery陶器clay粘土stone age石器时代Neolithic新石器时代的hunter-gatherer狩猎和采集者dwellings居住地dweller居民inhabitant居民craftsman工匠carpenter木匠merchant商人money-lender借贷者water wheel水车water mill水磨坊quarry采石场cottage农舍stables马厩iron forge打铁铺，锻铁厂furnace熔炉grinding shop磨坊雅思听力·场景词汇engine room发动机房steam engine蒸汽机industry工业ENVIRONMENTincineration plants垃圾焚化场landfill sites垃圾填埋场carbon dioxide emission二氧化碳排放greenhouse effect温室效应greenhouse gas温室气体fuel燃料coal煤firewood柴火fossil fuels矿物燃料carbon fuelsrecycling回收再利用household waste家庭垃圾soil conditioner土壤调节剂recycling containers回收容器raw materials原始材料virgin materials原材料drop-off sites回收站bring banks回收银行toughened glass强化玻璃plastic bags塑料袋water filtration水处理fiberglass manufacture玻璃纤维制造crushed glass碎玻璃polystyrene cups聚苯乙烯杯子temperature温度humid潮湿humidity潮湿landscape风景，地形vegetation植被climate change气候变化windy有风的inland内陆的shady有树荫的evaporate蒸发leaf叶子gust阵风；狂风canyon峡谷ocean currents洋流GEOGRAPHYgeographical features地理特征physical features物理特征dome穹顶census人口普查impact of tourism旅游业影响surface地表Earth地球Planet行星desert沙漠monoliths巨石spires尖顶hectares公顷caves洞穴drought干旱rainwater雨水vegetation植被wildlife野生动物shallow-rooted species浅根物种fossil化石territory领地outcrop露出地面的岩层plain平原plateau(x)高原cliff悬崖landscape地形erode腐蚀sandstone砂岩aboriginal土著的two-dimensional二维的lifestyle生活方式density密度myths and legends神话和传说dynamic（人或事物）相互作用的方式cause and effect因果关系technology技术pattern模式monitor监查interact互动migration迁移traffic density交通密度population density人口密度ocean floor海床landsat= landsatellite 大地卫星satellite卫星distortion扭曲aerial空气的CHEMISTRYcarbon dioxide二氧化碳ozone臭氧metal金属iron铁mineral矿物质nutrition营养物salinity盐分carbohydrate碳水化合物amino acid氨基酸protein蛋白质vitamin维生素cholesterol胆固醇bitterness苦味sourness酸味kilocalorie千卡metabolism新陈代谢photosynthesis光合作用fossil化石toxin毒素MSG (Monosodium Glutamate)味精digest消化indigestible无法消化的。
剑4必会词汇
v. 组成
Consist of
subject
n. 科目；主题；
实验志愿者
distinctive
Adj. 不同的
different
consensus
n. 一致
agreement
Reach a consensus达成一致
reveal
v. 显示，透露
Demonstrate, show
resemble
attend
v. 参加
participate
T2P2
chronic
Adj. 长期的， 慢性的
Long-term
comment
v. 评论
remark
Comment on
relevant
Adj. 相关的
Relevant to
peak
v. 达到高峰
n. 高峰，项峰
T2P3
hypothesis
n. 假设，猜想
stimulate
enhance
v. 增加
Increase, expand
circumstance
n. 情况
Situation, occasion
T3P1
deliver
v. 传达
Convey, send
tremendous
Adj. 大量的
enormous
purchase
v. 购买
buy
charge
v. 充值， 充电； 收费
Adj.相似的
Like, resemble
moreover
Conj. 此外
furthermore
deprive
v. 剥夺， 使丧失
剑4词汇——精选推荐
剑4词汇剑桥4 TEXT 1 /2 近义词总结PASSAGE 11. confront 勇敢正视、⾯对n. confrontationbe confronted witheg: Adults are frequently confronted with statements about the loss of tropical rainforests.→encounter vt.⾯对，正视遇到eg: Whether we should offer assistance（帮助协助）to those people when they encounter life-threatening situations.→face vi.朝向→meet2.illustration n.说明插图图⽰eg: One graphic illustration is the estimate that rainforests are being destroyed at an alarming rate.→example ⽰例→drawing 图表图样(易混)→illusion n . 错觉, 幻象3.estimate vi 估计评价eg: The police estimated the number of demonstrators(游⾏⽰威者) at about 5,000.→assess vi 评价评估n . assessment adj. assessableeg: assess one’s performance assess the loss→evaluate vt 评估n . evaluationeg: Students’evaluation of teachers’ performance helps improve teaching quality.→calculate vi 计算n . calculationeg: Scientists have calculated that the world’s population will double by the end of the century.4.equivalent adj 相等的相当的n 等价物eg: The rainforests are being destroyed at a rate equivalent to one thousand football fields every forty minutes.→n . equality adj. equal vt 等于n 对等eg: Even employed women did not achieve full equality with men.→(反) n . inequal 不平等different 不同的5.endanger vt 处于危险中危急eg: The children will have formed ideas about rainforests --- what endangers them→imperil vt 危及eg: The dumping of industrial and life rubbish into the sea has already greatly imperiled many species.→hazard 冒险n 危险事故at the hazard of one’s life 冒着⽣命的危险→jeopardize vt 危及损害jeopardize bilateral relationship 危及双边关系→at risk 处于危险中at stake 在危急关头6.harbor 持有,怀有eg: Children harbor misconception (误解) about “ pure”(单纯).→hold7.incorporate vt 包含合并n . incorporationeg: These misconceptions become incorporated into a multifaceted（多⽅⾯的）framework →combine vt 联合联系→consolidate vt 加强巩固→merge vt 吞没vi 合并→unify vt 联合统⼀8.accessible adj 容易接近到达拥有的access to 接近到达有权利做某事accessible evidence 现有证据accessible to reason通情达理eg: The component ideas are more accessible to modification.（修改）→approachable adj 到达的eg: It is undeniable（不可否定的）the Internet has made learning opportunities more approachable to adults around the globe.9.modification 修改改变eg: The scheme was approved, with some minor (次要的)modifications.→alter vt改变adj . alterable n. alterationalter an attitude alter one’s mindeg: The stock（股票）price alters sharply.（急速的）→convert vt 改变转化皈依佛门改变信仰→vary vi 改变→change→revise vt 修改→transform vt 变形vi转变transplant 移植transfer 转变→shift 转变10.absorb vt 吸收n. absorption absorbing 吸引⼈的,有趣的absorb all of one’s time be absorbed in（专注于）studyabsorption of nourishment 吸收营养eg: These ideas may be developed by children absorbing ideas through the popular（⼤众的）media.→assimilate vt同化消化吸收eg: Food is first absorbed, then digested 消化and finally assimilated by our bodies.→suck up 吸收拍马屁eg: Plants suck up moisture（⽔分）from the soil.→take in 吸收吸⼊11.refine vt 提纯提炼是完善eg: Children have their ideas tested and refined by teachers and peers.→polish vi 擦亮→rectify vt 改正12.displace vt 取代eg: The aim of the present study is to displace the misconceptions and to plan programmes in environmental studies.→replace 取代eg: Cars have replaced horses as the normal means of transport.→substitute vi 取代代替eg: We substituted red balls for blue to see if the baby would notice.13. response v. respond 反应回应回答eg: The commonest （普遍）responses were continents or countries.→react vi 反抗影响反应使⽤起化学反应n. reactioneg: Hydrogen reacts with oxygen to form water.→reply 回答eg: He replied to the protest.（抗议声明）→feedback n.反抗14.consistent adj 坚持的⼀致的坚固的be consistent with inconsistent 不⼀致的eg: These observations are generally consistent with our previous （先前的）studies of pupil’s views.→corresponding ⼀致的相同相应的→accordant adj 和谐的→compatible 协调的,⼀致的,亲和的incompatible 不和谐的,不⼀致的的eg: Health and hard work can be compatible.→harmonic adj 和谐的15. intrinsic adj. 内在的,本质的,本⾝的Intrinsic value 内在的价值eg: The intrinsic value of a coin is the value of the metal (钱布)it is made of.16.destruction n.毁坏的v. destruct→damage vi 损坏破坏→ruin 毁灭→devastation n 破坏⼒n 荒芜devastate v. devastating adj 毁灭性的eg: The acid rain is responsible（负责）for the rainforest destruction.17.embrace 持有,包括→harbor→hold→contain vt ⾃制的控制包含→hug→include→involve vt 牵涉；包含潜⼼于eg: In some cases, this response also embraced the misconception that rainforests to survive.PASSAGE 218. evolve vt 进化发展n. evolutionhighly evolved mammal（哺乳动物）⾼级进化的哺乳动物反义: degenerate v. 退化adj. rudimentary 退化的基本的早期的未成熟→develop→grow→advance19.ritual ⾏为习惯,例⾏公事eg: Stroking and touching are a part of the courtship ritual in most species.→routine n. 例⾏的adj ⽇常的20.object vt反对n ⽬标eg: The area around the blowhole is also particularly sensitive and captive animals often object strongly to being touched there.→disagree→protest vi 抗议eg: A large crowd protested the terrorization21.restrict vt 限制约定约束eg: The position of eyes so restricts the field of vision in baleen whales that they do not have stereoscopic vision. restriction n.→confine be confined toeg: The first edition(版本) is confined to 1,000 copies.→limiteg: Membership is not limited by sex.→bound 常⽤被动eg: The US is bounded on the north b Canada and on the south by Mexico.22.preliminary 初步的预赛preliminary remarks 开场⽩,序⾔ a preliminary estimate初步估计eg: Preliminary experimental evidence suggests that their in air vision is poor.→initial adj 最初的vt ⽤姓名的⾸字母→preceding adj 之前的v 在。
雅思剑8阅读基础词汇
J8T11 A CHRONICLE OF TIMEKEEPING 基础词汇:1.conception 概念2.concept 概念3.theory 理论4.hypothesis 假设5.depend on 依赖于6.dependent 依赖的7.dependency 依赖8.rely on 依赖于9.reliance 依赖10.lie in 在于11.measure 测量12.calculate 计算13.count 计数14.gauge 测量15.introduce 引进16.calendar 日历17.harvest 收获18.solar 太阳的19.lunar 月亮的20.phase 月相21.influence vt.影响n影响22.crucial 至关重要的23.chart 图表24.add 增加25.mark n.记号vt.做记号26.heaven 天空27.adopt 采取28.basin 盆29.device 装置30.devise 设计31.adjust 调整32.revolutionary 革命的33.aspect 方面34.motive force 推动的力量35.motion 移动36.gear wheel 齿轮37.spring 弹簧38.tension 张力39.anchor 锚40.release 释放41.in turn 转而42.precise 精确的43.precision 精确44.accurate 精确的45.accuracy 精确46.inaccurate 不精确的47.permit 允许48.permission49.arc 弧度50.instrument 仪器51.regulate 规定52.navigation53.navigate 导航进阶词汇：1.chronicle 编年史2.chronic 慢性的3.archaeology 考古学4.archaeological 考古学的5.the advent of …的降临6.coordinate 协调munal 团体的munity 团体9.successive 连续的10.rotate 旋转11.axis 轴12.orbit 轨道13.artificial 人工的14.equator 赤道15.conspicuous 引人注目的titude 维度17.clime 地区18.practise 从事19.formulate 规划20.municipal 市政的21.cosmic 宇宙的22.interval 间隔23.duration 持续24.track 追踪25.indicate 指出26.counterpart 相似的对应物/人27.denote 指出28.freeze 冻结29.mechanical 机械的30.mechanism 机制31.scheme 计划mence 开始33.address vt.着手处理34.integral 完整的35.integrate 使…完整36.geography 地理37.simultaneous 同时的38.half – halves(复数)J8T12 AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL THE USA 基础词汇：1.accident事故2.disaster 灾难3.occur 出现4.establish 建立5.establishment6.operation 操作7.operate8.safety 安全9.procedure 步骤10.be in place 在合适的位置11.exist 存在12.existence13.visual 视觉的14.visibility 能见度15.vision 视觉16.bring about 带来17.create 创造18.creation19.creativity 创造性20.reduce 降低21.consist of 包含22.realize 意识到23.purpose 目的24.meet 满足25.challenge 挑战26.challenging 挑战的27.element 要素28.entire 全部的29.apply 应用30.pilot 飞行员31.impose 强加32.altitude 高度33.possess 控制34.alphabet 字母表35.realm 领域36.license vt.许可n许可证37.radio contact 无线电联系38.obey 遵守39.disobey 不遵守进阶词汇：1.oversee 监督2.congest 阻塞3.congestion4.rudimentary 未发展的5.in the vicinity of 在…附近6.route 路线7.approximate 近似8.approximately9.metropolis 都市= big city10.metropolitan 都市的11.fortuitous 偶然的12.coincidental 巧合的13.coincidence14.margin of error 错误的余地15.incomplete 不完整的16.oversimplify 过于简单化17.accommodate 调解18.put into effect 使…生效19.blanket vt.覆盖n.毛毯20.recreation 娱乐21.weather 天气22.meteorology 气象学23.meteorological24.cue 提示25.necessitate 使…成为必须26.stem from 源于27.that is, … 即，…ern 控制29.correspond 通信30.encompass 包含31.rigorous 严格的32.explicit 清楚的33.aviation 航空34.category 种类35.prompt vt. 促进3 TELEPATHY基础词汇：municate 通讯2.divide 划分3.academic 学者4.colleague 同事5.skeptical = skeptical 怀疑的6.skeptic = sceptic 怀疑论者7.suspect 怀疑8.claim 声称9.rigorous 严格的10.implication 暗示11.implypelling 引人注目的13.genuine 真的14.advocate 支持者15.faint 微弱的16.signal 信号17.detect 探测18.detection19.relax 放松20.choose –(done) chosen= pick out21.attempt to do 尝试去做22.session = section23.identify 识别24.identification25.statistics 统计学26.statistical 统计学的27.reveal 揭露28.technique 技术29.involve 包含30.involvementck of 缺少32.individual 个体的33.sample 样本34.apparent 明显的35.attitude 态度36.mainstream 主流的37.apart 遥远进阶词汇：1.spark 发动2.controversy 争论3.risk vt.冒…风险4.constitute 组成5.concur 同意6.tranquility 宁静7.participate 参与8.participant 参与者9.seal 密封10.random 随机的11.flaw 缺点12.overlook 忽略13.rule out 把…排除14.range from A to B （=such as 举例用）范围包括A到B15.issue 发布16.switch to 转向17.automate 自动化18.variant 变体（来自vary）19.minimize 最小化（=limit）20.impressive 印象深刻的21.disturb 打扰22.consistency 一致性23.consistent 一致的24.defend 防护25.defender = advocatebine 联合27.reject 拒绝28.plausible 貌似合理的J8T21 SHEET GLASS MANUFACTURE:THE FLOAT PROCESS 基础词汇：1.manufacture 制造2.process 过程3.float 漂浮4.harden 变硬5.method 方法6.flat 平的7.involve 包括8.stay 保持9.nevertheless 虽然如此10.demand 需求11.look for 寻找12.thickness 厚度13.experiment 做实验14.melt (molten) 融化15.horizon 地平线16.horizontal 水平的17.transport 运输18.zone 区域19.coincidence 巧合20.plant 工厂21.cost vt.话费22.turn off 关闭23.prepare 准备24.quality 质量25.refine 提炼26.simultaneously 同时地plex 复杂的28.deliver=send 传递29.form vt. 形成30.bubble 气泡31.ensure 确保32.remove 移除33.upstream 上游34.downstream 下游35.correct vt.改正36.locate vt.定位进阶词汇：1.be little more than仅仅是2.mixture 混合物3.mix 混合4.heat vt.加热bour intensive劳动密集型6.grind(ground) 磨碎7.gravity 重力8.guarantee 保证9.pour 倾倒10.parallel 与…平行11.surface tension 表面张力12.convince 说服13.optical 光学的14.principle 原理15.inspection16.inspect 审查17.automate 自动化18.automation19.reveal 揭露20.fault 缺陷21.flaw 缺陷22.property 性质23.instant 立即的mercial 商业的merce 商业2 THE LITTLE ICE AGE基础词汇：1.shift n/vt.改变2.universal 普遍的3.strategy 战略4.survive 幸存5.adopt 采取6.sudden 突然的st vt持续8.glacier 冰山9.surround 包围10.rapid 迅速的11.systematic 系统的12.incomplete 不完整的13.account 账目14.drill 钻孔15.narrative 叙事的16.describe 描述17.description18.explore 探索19.exploration20.settle 定居21.spread vt. 传播22.concern 关心23.gradual 逐渐的24.stem from 起源于25.crop 庄稼26.grain 粮食27.stock 家禽/股票28.livestock 家禽29.globe 地球30.global 全球的31.globalization 全球化32.migration 移民33.migrate34.ax (复数axes) 斧子35.vast 广阔的36.clearance 清除(remove)37.quantity 数量38.quantify 定量39.atmosphere 大气40.greenhouse gas 温室气体41.prolong 延长42.frequent 频繁的进阶词汇：1.relevance 关联2.determine 决定3.respond to 响应4.context 语境5.mercy 仁慈6.irregular 不规则的7.harsh 严酷的8.drought 干旱9.accustomed 习惯的10.unaccustomed 不习惯的11.revolution 革命12.revolutionize 发动革命13.famine 饥荒14.unprecedented 史无前例的15.rather 更确切的说（肯定后面）16.seesaw 跷跷板17.switch (=shift) 转换d 温和的19.reconstruct 重建20.supplement 补充21.amplify 放大22.ample 丰富的23.hemisphere 半球24.Arctic 北极25.Antarctic 南极26.voyage 航行27.descend 下降28.predict 预测29.predictable 可预测的30.culminate 达到顶点31.vital 至关重要的modity 商品33.fleet 舰队34.self-sufficient 自给自足的35.sufficient 足够的36.deficient 不足的37.release 释放38.trigger 引起39.fossil fuel 化石燃料40.proliferate 激增41.soar 高飞42.give way to 让位于3 THE MEANING AND POWER OF SMELL 基础词汇：1.physical 身体的2.psychological 心理的3.be aware of 意识到4.essential 必要的5.essence 本质6.role 角色7.emotional 情绪的8.emotion9.response n.回答10.respond vt.回答11.respondent 应答者12.perception n.感知13.perceive vt.感知14.cue 线索15.in spite of 尽管16.regard 注意17.in comparison with 同…比较18.possess 控制19.phenomenon 现象20.vocabulary 词汇21.struggle (to do) 挣扎（去做某事）22.express 表达23.store 储存24.given 鉴于25.consider 认为进阶词汇：1.odour 气味2.odourless 无气味的3.scent 气味4.faculty 能力5.impair 损害6.well-being 健康ment 评论8.evoke 唤起9.foul 恶臭10.association 关联11.associated with 与…有关12.disgust 厌恶bel vt.贴标签14.bonding 连接15.infant 婴儿16.identify 识别17.register 注册18.undervalue 低估19.feeble 微弱的20.acute 敏锐的21.elusive 难懂的22.make do with 勉强对付23.fundamental 基本的ponent 成分25.is set to do 被设定去做…26.offensive 冒犯的27.offence 冒犯28.distinguish 区分29.proposal 提议30.spouse 配偶31.interpretation 解释32.interpret 解释33.appreciate 欣赏34.superior 优越的J8T31 STRIKING BACK AT LIGHTING WITH LASERS 基础词汇:1.strike vt.打2.striking 惊人的ser 激光4.injure vt.伤害5.injury n伤害6.power 电力7.inviting 诱人的8.target 目标9.strategy 战略10.heaven 天空11.trail n.尾部vt.拖12.wire 电线13.electric charge 电荷14.fund vt.投资n.资金15.back vt.支持mand vt/n. 指挥17.requirement 要求18.require vt要求19.extract 提取20.atom 原子21.electron 电子22.direct vt.指挥23.attract 吸引24.attractive 吸引人的25.field test 现场试验26.forecast 预测27.confront 面对进阶词汇：1.seldom adv.很少2.inflict 使遭受3.lighting bolt 闪电柱4.property 性质；财产5.trial 试验6.discharge 释放7.power grid 电网8.frequency 频率9.trigger 引起10.generate 发生11.populated 人口密集的12.population 人口13.promising 有希望的14.emerge 出现15.portable 便携的16.stumbling block 绊脚石17.reckon 认为18.turning point 转折点19.meteorology 气象学20.meteorological21.meteorologist 气象学家22.obtain 获得2 THE NATURE OF GENIUS基础词汇：1.genius 天才2.gene 基因3.gift 礼物；天赋4.gifted 有天赋的5.talented 有才华的6.intellectual 知识分子（贬义）7.intelligent 智慧的8.attitude 态度9.mistrust 不信任10.mythology 神话11.madness 疯狂12.race 种族13.recognize 认出14.reward vt.奖励15.significant 重要的16.aspect 方面17.exception 例外18.except 把…排除19.exceptional 例外的；杰出的20.infant mortality 婴儿死亡率21.mortal 终有一死的22.life expectancy 预期寿命23.tutor n.家教vt.辅导24.mist 雾25.term 术语26.achievement 成就27.achieve 达成28.direction 方向29.determine 决定30.determination31.appreciate 感激32.demonstrate 证明33.fabric 织物进阶词汇：1.be concerned with 涉及2.attribute vt.把…归于n属性3.derive from 源自4.characteristics 特性5.ambivalent 矛盾的6.envy 嫉妒7.defective 有缺陷的8.impractical 不切实际的9.eccentric 古怪的10.adversity 逆境11.discouragement 挫折12.denigration 诋毁13.deny 否认14.fascinating 吸引人的15.collate 核对16.take into account 考虑17.privileged 有特权的18.objective 客观的19.objectivity 客观性20.peak 顶峰21.observe 观察22.manifest adj明显的vt.显示23.manifestation24.superior 出众的25.minimize 最小化26.supremacy 霸权27.outstrip 超过28.persevere 坚持29.perseverance 坚持30.dedication n.献身31.dedicate v.献身32.restriction n.限制33.restrict vt.限制34.limit vt.限制35.limitation n.限制36.preserve 保存37.exhaust 耗尽38.inherit 继承39.reveal 显示40.unique 独特的41.uniqueness 独特性42.excellent 卓越的43.excellence 卓越44.essence 本质45.lessen 减轻。
全文精选!剑3-剑8阅读必备1600词组
剑桥雅思阅读部分重点词组C3T1P1第二段translated into 翻译；转化even though 尽管associate A with B把A与B联系起来第三段in reaction to反应to and fro来来回回provide sb. with sth. 给某人提供某物第四段link with联系credit sb. with sth.归功于base on基于rely on依靠be attached to 与…相连第五段be interested in对…感兴趣prior to在…之前differ from与…不同第六段in the forum of在…领域owe to欠（某物）题干make progress取得进步C3T1P2第一段increase the risk of增加…的风险第二段in addition to除此之外be responsible for对…负责associate with联系result form由于第三段on the basis of基于be likely to可能第四段be attributed to归因于第五段do harm to危害leave aside放到一边第六段be based on基于in order to为了adapt to适应第七段compete with竞争interfere with干预第八段criticize sb. for sth因某事批评某人in support of支持第九段be similar to与…类似题干result in导致link to联系according to根据at the risk of冒险be harmful to对…有害C3T1P3第一段in favor of偏爱第二段suffer form遭受第三段refer to as被称作an array of一系列第四段start with以…开始in the light of 鉴于...第五段as a result of由于turn out to be结果是base upon基于第六段work out弄明白by accident偶然地第七段bring about造成，引起carry out 实施C3T2P1第一段spend one’s whole life doing sth.用尽毕生的经历做某事第二段adapt to适应第三段aim to目标为match A to B把A和B搭配起来integrate into融入…reach one’s natural boundary达到自然界限第四段in time及时originate from起源于attach to与…相连第六段a variety of各种各样的recover from从…恢复过来第七段prevent from防止dispose of分解；处理deprive sb. of sth.剥夺某人…权利第八段in competition with与…竞争题干bring to 带来C3T2P2第一段do damage带来危害make no sense毫无意义hand in hand同时have courage to do有勇气做某事第二段as a result of由于第三段tend to趋向于be likely to可能be accompanied by伴随着…embark upon开始做某事convert A to B将A转化成B第四段make efforts to尽力做某事be interested in对…感兴趣contribute to贡献于greenhouse effect温室效应第五段encourage sb. to do sth.鼓励某人做某事die from死于…as for对于…in turn反过来cause sb. to do sth.导致某人做某事第六段worry about担心in the long run长期convert A into B把A转化成B题干cause significant damage to带来巨大危害refer to提到disapprove of反对in the long term长期do more harm than good to对…害处比好处多be beneficial to 对…有益处C3T2P3第一段in relation to与…有关be regarded as被叫做第二段a combination of结合体in …terms从..方面来说第三段for long长久escape form逃脱第四段make sth. clear弄明白第五段social status社会地位第六段continue to do继续做某事give emphasis to sth.强调某事第七段lead to导致frown on不赞成第八段differ from与…不同第九段look at sth. from the other side从另一方面看题干in the same way as与…类似第一段ancient empires 古代帝国small-scale societies 非主流国家第二段non-Western cultures 非西方的文化第三段in collaboration with 合作，协作a wide variety of 多样的necessities of life 生活必需品a series of 一系列第四段multiple purposes 多种用途in terms of 就……而言draw on 临近，接近；利用，动用，依赖，吸收；第五段with the independence of 随着……的独立economic progress 经济发展lead to 导致on the point of 正要marginal communities 边缘团体with the advent of 随着……的到来contribute to 导致in certain circumstances 在特定情况下题干mainstream societies 主流社会focus on 聚焦；集中concentrate on 集中（思想、精力、注意力等）in spite of 虽然；不顾；尽管……（仍……）C3T3P2第一段(a)doctoral student （一位）博士生little more than 只不过（等于，只是）move on 更换话题（工作等），有了新变化；（使）离开as for 关于，至于第二段in many respects 在许多方面第三段far from 远远不，一点也不第四段take sb. by surprise 使（某人）惊奇，使（某人）没有准备tie to 约束，限制；使联系在一起；使依附于none too soon 一点也不早（准时）advance economies 发展经济题干indigenous population 土著居民prehistoric inhabitants 史前居民C3T3P3第一段hormone levels 激素水平raise (the) spirits 振奋精神第三段cool down （使）变凉slow down （使）慢下来，（使）减速第四段depend on 相信，信赖，依靠；依靠，依赖；视...而定in turn 依次，后来，转而第五段time cues 时间暗示，指示cope with 应付，处理be borne out 印证，证明第六段complain of 说自己有……病痛；主诉on edge 紧张不安，易怒题干mental functions 心智功能leisure time 闲暇时间food consumption 食物消耗freedom from worry 无忧无虑lack of 缺乏according to 据……所说；随着……而作（相应的）变更C3T4P1第一段air pollution 空气污染keep pace with 跟上urban growth 城市发展air quality 空气质量beyond reason 不合理第二段tend to 倾向于，趋于a sizeable number of 大量的第八段carbon dioxide 二氧化碳第十段in proportion with 按比例题干exhaust emissions 尾气排放C3T4P2第一段associate with 与……结合，与……合伙，与……交往；由……联想到第二段devote to 把……奉献给；专心致力于第四段in spite of 尽管第十一段call on 对……作短期拜访；要求（某人）做某事题干have access to 入口；取得（接近）的方法（权利等）fund-raising activities 集资活动C3T4P3第一段clear-cut evidence 明确的证据第二段to what extent 在何种程度上第五段at random 随机第八段by contrast 相反；对比之下第十一段accompany by 由……陪伴题干in order to 为了……起见，以……为目的identical patterns 相同的模式divide into 把……分成（若干部分）on a weekly basis 每星期cost increases 成本增加C4T1P1一段confront with面对第三段help sb do sth帮助某人做某事build upon基于第五段provide sb with sth提供某人某物第六段be consistent with一致be sympathetic to同情第七段refer to提及第八段be responsible for有责任confuse with混淆第九段contribute to导致C4T1P2第一段take for granted想当然第二段remark on评论object to反对第三段track with用…跟踪第四段judge from根据…判断take…out of取出、除去第五段allow…to do允许某人做某事第六段compensate for赔偿、补偿C4T1P3第一段draw one’s attention引起某人的注意力take aback使吃惊第三段search out找出、找到depict with用…阐述consist of由…组成assign…to…分配、指派第五段be familiar with对…熟悉figure out弄明白、搞清楚come up with提出第七段relate to涉及第八段link to联系differ from区别于、不同于C4T2P1第二段head for朝…走、驶向第三段be peppered with充满、满布第五段kill off消灭、杀光adapt to使适应、使适合be worth doing值得做某事rely on依赖、依靠第六段be bound up with紧密联系shift from…to…从…转变至…deprive of剥夺第七段prevent…from doing阻止…做某事pair up with与…成对transmit to遗传、流传第八段bring back (from)拿回来、带回来C4T2P2第一段be based on以…为根据第二段be loath to不情愿的allow…to do允许…做某事account for占有第三段be disillusioned with对…醒悟、对…不抱幻想第五段couple with伴随、与…相结合carry out开展、执行第六段suffer from忍受、遭受complain of抱怨、诉苦第七段appear to似乎、好像seem to be/do似乎、看上去C4T2P3Section Acome along出现fail to未能in terms of就…而言Section Bhelp…do帮助某人做某事allow…to do允许…做某事Section Cpoint out指出result from因为depend on依赖、依靠Section Ebe sensitive to对…敏感Section Fassociate with与…联系think of认为Section Gpay attention to关注Section Hback up援助、支持light up照亮communicate with与…沟通、交流Section Iapply with应用、使用C4T3P1开篇引言文字do without没有ever since自从save for为…攒钱Introduction部分pay attention to注意direct …to…把…引导向…work with与…共同合作Background部分end up最终结果due to由于demand for对…的需求family breakdown家庭破裂be exposed to暴露在…之下involve in涉及take pride in以…为荣Street Business Partnerships部分supply …with... 用…供应…take up采用pay for偿付access to获得…的途径joint program联合项目Lessons Learned部分emerge from出现于involve in参与have a role in在…中承担了工作abide by遵守link to与…有关联charge interest on对…收取利息get… used to …让…对…习惯适应Conclusion部分seek to寻求in association with与…联系在一起as well as和C4T3P2Section Aall over遍及blow off炸掉fine ash灰烬hurl … into…be thought to 把…丢进…被认为add … to…给…增加…Section Bconsider as将…视为surround by被…所围绕in the form of以…的形式at the rate of以…的速率Section Cput at its simplest最简单说来show through显示出来squeeze out挤出来flow out流出来flow over溢出来trap inside困在里面make up组成not to mention更不用说Section Dcap with用…覆盖form … from …用…形成…in the case of就…来说C4T3P3A段range from…to…范围从…到…carry out开展field investigation实地调查B段in all cases在所有的情况下act as作为disagree with不相符work on研究C段large-scale大规模的pay attention to注意be known to do已知会make decisions about决定D段a variety of各种各样的be aware of注意到make attempt to尝试去out of sight视线之外在某人的周围环境in sb.’s localityE段supplement by用…补充in general笼统的to a large extent在很大程度上benefit from得益于non-verbal behaviour肢体语言F段make use of利用fill in填写a large number of数量众多的G段deal with处理depend on依赖于up to最大上限by contrast比较而言derive from来自C4T4P1第一段keep records保留记录set a record创立记录第二段human gene pool人类基因库be more likely更有可能第三段go further with在…方面更进一步第四段build up建立focus on集中于in contact with保持接触push off起跑be devoted to用于第五段fail to没能for instance举例来说trace minerals微量元素lead to导致第六段play a role in在…中扮演了角色break records打破记录apply … to …把…应用于…as long as只要第七段in motion运动中的in action运动中的in three dimensions三维的to date到目前为止apply … to …把…运用于…take-off起跑（起跳）make a difference to使…产生不同第八段go over翻越in contradiction of违反put sb.’s minds to绞尽脑汁地思考lie behind位于…背后land on着地replace …by …用…代替…第九段have got a long way to go还有很长的路要走in many cases在很多情况下enter into the equation需要加以考虑C4T4P2第一段exercise of the creative imagination充分发挥想象力work with研究come to逐渐第二段far from远离于be concerned with与…有关第三段relate to与…有联系be concerned with有关于第四段at the broadest在最广泛的意义上in this sense在这种意义上refer to提到distinguish … from…把…区别于…break down into进一步细分为第五段at first hand第一手set out目标在于第六段base … on …把…建立在…的基础上left over from …的残留物第七段in … terms从…的角度in the field of 在…的领域中hold meaning for对…有意义第八段differ from不同于begin with始于第九段distinction between … and ……与…之间的区别in no way完全没有第十段deal with处理differ from区别于in this respect在这个方面be rather like相当类似于in conclusion总结，结论C4T4P3Section Abe faced with面对give priority to优先考虑in respect of在…的方面Section Bas a whole作为整体in particular特定来说as well as和in other words换句话说become aware of开始注意到be part of …是…的一部分without question毫无疑问in principle在理论上Section Cin a position to有能力做deprive … of…剥夺...的…Section Dlead to导致put another way换言之rather than而不是without distinction of没有…的区别Section Elead to导致concern about关于…的担忧stem from来自于be accompanied by同时伴随着match against对比于C5T1P1第一段bring some order to整理……的顺序，规范…as to 关于第二段be compiled by 由……编辑，由……编纂under the title 以……为标题tend to 倾向于concentrate on 集中，关注enable…to do sth 使……能够做第三段be associated with 与……有关at the very beginning of 在最开始第四段raise...to the heights of 把……提高到……的高度上common sense 常识on a ……scale 以……的规模settle arguments about 解决……的争论sign the contract of 签……的合同in instalments 分期付款；分期交付set up 创立，建立第五段be fitted up 被临时做成，被安置为counting house 账房，会计室be surrounded by 被……围绕in preparation 准备，预备第六段illustrate...with 用……说明；用……插图，用……作图解be drawn from 从……获取，从……得到expect to do 期待，预计achieve complete originality 实现完全的独创性on the best of 最大限度地，最好地treat…as 把……当作on the principle of 在……的原则上according to 根据第七段be recognised as 被认可为take on 接受工作，承担责任第八段with the patronage of 在……的帮助下，在……的资助下under the shelter of 在……的遮蔽下，在……的保护下confer ……on给予，赋予，授予第九段prevail upon 说服，劝说from then on 从那时起C5T1P2A段all walks of life 各行各业have a ...effect on 对……有……的影响call upon 号召，呼吁B段range from ...to... 从……到……不等in reality 事实上call for 要求as per 按照，根据C段bring on 带来balk at 犹豫，畏缩不前carry on with 继续下去，坚持下去for the sake of 为了……的目的be followed through to the end 贯彻至终be willing to do 心甘情愿做in the face of 面对着（困难等情况）D段prior to 在……之前carry out 完成；落实；贯彻；实现；执行E段in repetitions of 重复account for 解释，占F段go so far as to 到……的地步struggle against 与……作斗争，和……斗争G段as a result of 由于…的缘故in isolation 孤立，绝缘H段merge...with 联合，合并moral code 道德准则surrender...to 向……投降I段sort out 找出，查明in essence 实质上，本质上be concerned with 关于C5T1P3第一段seem to be 看起来，好像natural resources 自然资源run out 被用完，被耗尽in vast numbers 大量地第二段per head 每人greenhouse gases 温室气体global warming 全球变暖appear to be 似乎，好像turn out to be 结果是，被证明是response to ……的反应第三段opinion poll 民意测验，民意调查第四段be built into 被构建到，被嵌入到第五段mass media 大众媒体，大众传媒roll in 流入press release 新闻稿第六段be run by 由……经营trade organisation 贸易组织argue for 论证第七段be curious about 对……好奇lead to 导致encounter with 遇到be accused of 指责；归咎于amount to 总计为第八段take up 占据第九段what of ……的情况怎样carbon dioxide 二氧化碳第十段put it another way 换言之第十一段access to 有权使用，接近或使用的机会drinking water 饮用水prevent...from 防止，保护第十二段be overly... 过于……C5T2P1第一段be of ...importance 有……的重要性第二段be derived from 源于revert to 回复到，恢复for ever 永久地第三段a series of 一连串的，一系列，一套be generated by 由……引起in the domain of 在……的领域couple with 与……相结合第四段embark on 着手开始combine ...with 与……结合make one’s fortune 发财，赚钱on a...basis 在……的基础上take out 通过申请取得第五段break up 使粉碎，解体解散，终止grind into 碾成speed up 加快a vast range of 范围广的，一系列pour into 灌，倒，注；倾泻，流出；源源不断地流第六段to a large extent 很大程度上be governed by 由……管理，由……决定，由……控制sharp corner 利角，尖角，锐角be proved (to be) 证明为make e of ……的利用第七段enjoy an unparalleled popularity 空前的流行kitchen goods 厨房用品seize on 抓住，利用be restricted to 被限制在……fall from favour 失宠in vast quantities 大量地C5T2P2第一段serve no purpose 不中用，无济于事第二段rely on 依赖，依靠settle on 决定，选定第三段revolve around 围绕……转，以……为中心第四段viewed from this angle 从这个角度来看第五段be accompanied by 伴随着……be mutated into 被改变为fairground ride 旋转木马第六段result from 是……的结果，由于，起因于第七段magnetic resonance 磁共振第八段light up 变亮，发亮be consistent with 与……符合，与……一致spring to life 开始活跃，恢复生机第九段make an assessment 做评价，做评估a demanding job 一项艰巨的任务第十段make ... adjustment 做……的调整snap into place 到位第十一段figure out 领会到，搞清楚have a ...handle on 对……有着……的掌控in general 一般来说，大体上C5T2P3第一段be regarded as 被认为是，被当作是第二段the European Renaissance 欧洲文艺复兴be supported by 被……支持in relation to 与……相关的第三段publicise...with... ……地赞扬第四段not...until 直到……才第五段be written in... 用（语言……）写成第六段intellectual property 知识产权men of trade 商人，生意人第七段be well equipped to 被良好地装备，使有能力deal with 应付，处理第八段become engaged in 参与，参加第十段as opposed to 与……相对（反），而不是C5T3P1A段miss out 错过B段bear with 宽容C段tend to 倾向于D段as a result of 由于focus on关注于rather than 而不是get off 动身E段at the age of 在...岁regardless of 不管F段arrive at 到达C5T3P2A段scour away 洗掉B段up to now 到现在为止hold back 阻碍wash away 冲走instead of 代替C段turn out 结果是D段divert to 转向wash away 冲走F段according to 根据pay attention to 注意C5T3P3A段poise to 准备好C段around the corner即将到来D段refer to 参考G段up to 一直到C5T4P1A段in term of根据B段lead to 通向involve in 涉及C段in order to 为了C5T4P2第一段without warning 没有预警第二段be aware of 意识到第三段bad press 负面报道第五段trace amount of 很少量C5T4P3第一段seasonal rhythms 季节节奏第二段regardless of 不管第四段not yet 还没有C6T1P1A段under the eye of 在……的注意下be underpinned by... 得到......的支持，被......所支持B段apply... to... 将...应用于...C段come down to... 归因于，依赖于...slow motion 慢动作side-on 从侧面add up to... 总计达..spit out 显示出...wring…out of从……中(经过努力)获得D段be embedded in... 嵌入...E段base on... 依据/根据...gear towards朝向...，针对...F段slice off减少，降低C6T1P2A段at a startling pace 以惊人的速度B段customs duty 关税tie up 占用，多达C段at the turn of...在...初期account for 占到（比例）...be dominated by 被...所主导D段trade with... 与...交易往来shift into转变为...tend to倾向于E段be concentrated in ... 集中于...F段transmit...over... 通过...传输/传送G段lead to... 导致...H段keep a firm hand on 对...严格控制free from免受...，免于...C6T1P3A段cut off from... 被困于...break up 断裂B段be content to... 对...满意stand back 站在一边，袖手旁观（不介入）C段out of the question 不可能的test sb. to the limit 将...推向极限D段a handful of... 少数的...fly into空运至replace.. with... 用...代替...F段tease out解决draw on 利用...turn down 拒绝G段bridge the gap 跨越界限C6T2P1第一段pour into... 投入public transport 公共交通第二段put the difference into... 给...带来很大变化第三段surrounded by... 由...所包围第四段on the basis of... 依据...，根据...第六段make use of利用point out指出A段be granted to...被授予...，被批准... population density 人口密度B段keep pace with... 与...同步C段rely on 依赖于...D段convert to... 转变为...E段lead to导致place...together将...汇聚在一起C6T2P2第一段associated with与...相联系第五段on the downside 不好的是，负面第六段on average平均be attribute to归因于第七段financial burden经济负担第八段be linked to... 与...相联系第九段prevent...from... 防止...第十段pump out分泌出C6T2P3第一段be followed by... 伴随着...bound up with... 与...密切联系lead to 导致第二段be engaged in...忙于...reflect on...对...做出反应第三段be accompanied by... 伴随有...deal with 处理...第四段trace back to追溯到...be interchangeable with... 可与...互换be denoted as 被表示为...be familiar with与...想熟悉第五段connect with... 与...相联系independent of... 不依赖，独立于...第七段intermix with与...相联系，伴随着... be indispensable to... 必须，必备C6T3P1A段come to life 苏醒C段run away 逃跑，失控D段in time 及时E段at least 至少around the globe 全球F段thank to 感谢in detail 详细地G段seem to 似乎H段show off 炫耀wear off 磨损fade away 褪去题干focus on 集中于react to 做出反应in order to 为了C6T3P2第一段a great deal of 大量associate with 联合be able to能够afford to 能承担第二段rather than 而不是divide into 把…分成第三段an abundance of 大量的inconsistent with 与…不一致第四段in conjunction with 与…协力be likely to 很有可能第七段contingent on 视…而定look for 寻找spread out 展开第八段dozens of许多place on 强加于题干match to 把…相搭配link to 链接到take responsibility 承担责任over time 久而久之suit to 适合于participate in 参加，分享C6T3P3第二段equivalent to 等于stick to 坚持come upon 要求，遇到第五段compare with 与…相比较tend to 趋向第六段point to 指向，表明keep on 继续第七段interfere with 干涉第八段prevent from 组织contribute to 有助于indicate to 提到题干life span 寿命C6T4P1A段walk into 走进B段full of 装满C段blame for 责备D段in need of 需要时E段follow up 跟踪，继续做某事emblazon with 用纹章、图案等装饰F段hand out 分发differ from 区别于G段bottom line 底线，概要in the form of 以…的形式in the end 最后grapple with 扭打，努力克服题干be responsible for 对…负责C6T4P2第二段carry out 执行primary school 小学第四段at all 根本find out 找出第五段at this point 这时候第六段more or less 或多或少for certain 肯定地第九段everyday life 日常生活C6T4P3A段a variety of 各种各样的secondary school 中学B段interpersonal relationship 人际关系grow up 成长C段deal with 解决be available to 可被…利用或得到的E段back up 支持，备份tie to 依赖in the light of 根据distinguish from区别break up 休息，中断题干no longer 不再in fact 实际上lack of 缺乏in addition 此外take action 采取行动bring about 引起C7T1P1A段o ne’s own making 自食其果given that 考虑到；假定;已知make a go of 尝试go way back in 追溯到manage to设法做…scrape a living勉强够维持生活mass extinction 大规模灭绝e merge into…出现/显露在…B段in the absence of 缺乏；没有prey on 捕食，掠夺make one's living 维持生活C段occur to 发生在，被想起/到expose to 暴露于a fraction of 一小部分apart from 除…之外be aware of 知道,意识到rely on信赖；依赖；依靠；信任as well as既…又…；除…之外（也）；此外rather than而不是；宁可…也不愿E段natural selection自然选择，物竞天择be responsible for为…负责，形成…的原因coined the term 创造一个新词C7T1P2A段be entwined with 与…交织在一起lead to导致；通向a s much… as和…一样多B段keep pace with 能跟的上，保持同步C段inferior to比不上，劣于access to接近；有权使用；通向…的入口fall behind in 在…方面落后D段be force to do sth.被迫做某事make way for 为…腾出地方；让路water withdrawal 水资源开采dispute over 就…进行辩论E段shift back to 转回到provision of 提供…instead of（用…）代替…，（是…）而不是…，（用…）而不用…last resort最后的手段F段demand for 对…的需求b e not as …as 和…不一样as a result由于；作为…的结果G 段figure out计算出，解决；弄明白think to由于（某人的帮助）for instance例如，比如H段on the other hand在另一方面C7T1P3第一段look at 评判；审视；着眼于focus on集中于第二段mental reactivity心理反应think of考虑；想起；有…想法；对…有意见listen to听…（讲话）；听从come back回来；记起；强烈反驳第三段be attributed to归因于indirect instruction间接教学法deal with 与…交易；应付；对待第四段consist of由…组成make(no) attempt to do sth.（不）尝试做某事第五段be prepare for对…做好准备meet with偶然遇到；碰到；遭受；和…会面introduce ... to介绍第七段be dispensed with放弃；弃用C7T2P1第一段as a result of由于…的结果office block 办公大楼第二段reinforced concrete 钢筋混凝土第三段rather than要…而不…，与其…倒不如…第四段come from来自某处；出生于；由…造成；源自be adapted to适合做某事be dispensed with 放弃使用；不再拥有practical use实际用途gush down倾泻第六段hang down 适合做某事第七段in short 简言之trial and error反复实验run up through 贯穿第八段in other words换句话说respond to 对…作出反应第九段think of as 看作，当作C7T2P2A段b ring …down 降价immediate cash 立即付现i n …terms 根据；按照in relative terms按相对价值计算C段refer to 参考；涉及；适用于at all根本pay for 赔偿；为…付钱；因…受罚D段add up加起来；总计；与应有的数量相符amount to 总计，共计，共达carry out执行；进行；完成come up with追赶上；比得上；想出conservative estimate保守估计E段contribute to 捐献prop up 支持；资助clear up （天空）放晴；治疗；处理；解释F段bring down 降（价）；使（某物或某人）掉下[倒下]；击败…break away from脱离，摆脱food sector 食品工业G段full commitment 完全投入go a long way 有很大作用；大有帮助food safety 食品安全C7T2P3Section Al ead … to 导致，引起Section Brestrict to 把…限制（控制、保持）在…rely on 依靠，依赖focus on 致力于；使聚焦于be related to与...有关，和...有联系Section Croad network 公路网carry out 执行，完成be dependent on 依靠，依赖in addition to 除…之外safety risk 安全风险in terms of根据；用…的话；就…而言Section Dat the request of 鉴于…之请求，应…之请求break down 失败，损坏in particular 尤其，特别Section Ehand down to 往下传给Section Fin charge of 主管，负责；照料C7T3P1第一段think of 考虑；想起involve in 使参与，陷入第二段in case of 万一；如果；防备grow up 长大，成熟第三段at least 至少；无论如何第五段turn out结果第七段be composed of 由…组成第八段by far 到目前为止第十段engage in参加，从事，忙于be careful of 小心，注意C7T3P2A段obtain from 从…得到B段take place 发生；举行come from来自某处；出生于；由…造成；源自D段divide into 分成，分为descended from从…下来；由…传留下来F段carry out 执行，完成according to根据，按照；据…所说G段belong to 属于at one time 一度，从前treat with对待；和…商谈C7T3P3第一段lead to 把…带到；领到；(道路)通向;导致other than 除了；绝不是as well as也，又,既…又…；除…之外confined to 限于…之内第二段as a whole整体来看；普遍说来，一般地说s ee …as 视…为；把…看成是act as 担当…，起…的作用by means of 用，依靠take part in 参加…，参与…活动第三段take place发生，举行in deed事实上，实际上，直正地第四段result from产生于…，由…引起concentrate on专心于，把思想集中于；将…集中于…at least 至少，无论如何result in引起，导致，以…为结局be responsible for 为…负责，形成…的原因C7T4P1第二段back up支持stand in 代替look like看起来与（某人或某物）相像[相似]第三段be interested in对……感兴趣seem like 仿佛…似的第五段clear off消散；还清；完成；(使)离开第六段fail to未能…第八段in addition另外date from 始于plenty of 很多，大量的access to 有权使用deal with与…交易；应付；对待put up 提供；进行；举起；提出C7T4P2第一段learn of 听说…第二段take advantage of 利用；欺骗，占…的便宜第三段according to 根据，按照；据…所说a llow sb. to…允许某人做某事第四段lead to把…带到；领到；(道路)通向；导致take over 接管；帮…学习；在…上花费as a result of 由于…的结果第五段be known as 被认为是show up显而易见；到场；（使）看得见；羞辱be allowed to do sth. 被允许干第六段recognize as认出是composed of 由……组成第七段lead up导致，致使，引致第八段as far as直到…为止；只要close down（使）停业；（使）停产C7T4P3第一段in general一般而言，总的来说be capable of 能够expose to暴露于；公开揭露work out 解决；设计出；计算第二段concentrate on专心于，把思想集中于；将…集中于…第三段tune out不理，对…无反应第五段turn off关掉；完成；解雇；转向第六段so far迄今为止worry about担忧，烦恼C8T1P1A段according to根据base on 以…为基础natural cycles 自然周期define by 由…规定C段lead to 导致be divided into被分成be adopted by 被…采用in use 使用中D段in order to 为了be designed to 目的是drip out 渗出depend on 依赖E段adjust to 调节suit to 适合于a number of 许多G段in turn 轮流H段fail to 未能题干be affected by 受到…影响work schedules 工作时间表C8T1P2A段result in 导致B段soon after 不久以后C段take advantage of 利用bring about 引起take place 发生the advent of …的出现E段put into effect 执行in general 总之be blanked by 被…冷落be bound by 由…联系起来F段a set of 一组rely on 依靠G段contact with 与…接触题干as a result of 因此jet engine 喷射发动机C8T1P3第一段leading university 知名大学dozens of 许多第二段so far 到目前为止第三段be covered with 充满着attempt to 尝试point to指向put down镇压第四段rule out 排除draw up 起草第五段switch to 转到hundreds of 许许多多第六段lack of 缺乏point out 指明by chance 偶然第八段put forward 提出focus on 集中于make up 组成lie in 在于题干pick out 挑选出such as 比如carry out 执行be subjected to 受到C8T2P1第二段demand for 需求across the world 世界各地look for 寻找similar to 与…相似rub away 消除第四段flow over 溢出第五段turn off 关闭start up 开始第六段add up to 合计达as long as 只要第七段be unable to 不能做某事C8T2P2A段tend to 趋向oppose to 反对at the mercy of 受…支配at least 至少global warming 全球变暖B段far from 远非E段food supply 食物供给题干cut down 砍倒take place in 发生C8T2P3A段comment on 对…作评论associate with 联合consist of 由…构成B段social bonding 社会联系C段in spite of 尽管in comparison with 与…相比较D段for instance 例如over time 随着时间的推移E段play a role in 起作用F段interact with 与…相互作用provide with 供给attach to 依附题干in addition to 除…之外regard as 把…认作C8T3P1第一段damage to 伤害，危害第二段plan to do 计划做某事hit back 还击strategy for 策略be equipped with 装备第三段set up 建立survive to this day 保留至今be funded by 由…资助allow sb to do 允许provide measurements 提供解决方案第四段look for 寻找be supposed to do 应该做某事第五段put sth at risk 置之险地so far 到目前为止第六段break down 破裂第七段stumbling block 障碍，阻碍take up 占据cut down 削减第八段attract interest 吸引注意力come up with 提出turning point 转折点an avalanche of 大量的第九段forecast the weather 预测天气第十段trigger for sth 引发题目a variety of 各种各样的be in opposition to 反对be associated with 有联系be related to 有联系C8T3P2第一段interest in 感兴趣concerned with 关心derive from 起源于第二段folk culture 民间文化attitudes toward 态度第三段beneficial effects 好处take into account 考虑infant mortality 婴儿死亡率life expectancy 寿命corporal punishment 体罚carry out 实施第四段stand out 突出，优秀vantage point 视角apply to 应用vice versa 反之亦然第五段marvel at 惊讶similar to 相似superior to 优于commonplace knowledge 常识第六段in terms of 在…方面第七段at best 最多delude sb into doing sth 欺骗题目capable of 有能力in essence 本质上taken for granted 想当然，理所当然C8T3P3A段life span 寿命be subjected to 受到lead to 引导B段be worn down 磨损as long as 只要exchange sth for sth 交换C段in principle 原则上E段in comparison to 相比之下on average 平均F段account for 对…负有责任，对…做出解释G段tend to 有…的倾向lead to 引导in general 大体上，大致above all 首先，尤其是题目in accordance with 根据pose a problem 造成问题C8T4P1A段in term of 依据，按照B段last for 持续let off steam 放松concentrate on 专注in theory 理论上C段take notes of 记录compulsory education 义务教育on the whole 总体上set out 出发，开始keen to 渴望accessible to 可得到的ring up 打电话D段solution to 解决方法be prepared to do 准备E段seek help 寻求帮助keep up 不落后play a part 在…中起一定作用F段contributing factors 影响因素couple with 与…结合，伴随relate to 涉及，有关题目in conjunction with 连同，共同popular with 受…欢迎。
雅思阅读真题剑桥系列4-8词汇
DAY 1education 教育aspect 方面community 社区、社会reflect 反映、表现attitude 态度、看法unspoken 未说出口的、没人理睬的belief 信仰、信念custom 风俗curriculum 课程assessment 评价、评估expectation 期待、期望behave 做出行为-动词behavior 行为rule 准则、规章cover 覆盖、包含duty 职责、义务conduct 行为、操行virtuous 有道德的proper 适当的、有礼貌的manner 礼貌marry 结婚company 陪伴permit 允许、许可dye 染loiter 闲逛、虚度function 功能、典礼church 教堂regularly 有规律地、有规则地alcohol 酒精、酒Bible《圣经》country school 乡村学校coal 煤bucket 桶sweep 打扫、清扫tidy 整齐的、整洁的despite 虽然、尽管stipulate 规定、保证content 内容arithmetic 算术Christianity 基督教literacy 有文化、有读写能力religious 宗教上的corporal 身体的、肉体的（同义词：physical）stick 棍子strap 皮带naughty 调皮的、顽皮的unruly 不守规矩的、不受约束的schooling 学校教育engage 从事caretaking 关心、照料DAY 2nevertheless 然而、不过creatively 具有创造性地stimulate 刺激、激励strict 严格的、严谨的protocol草案、协议illegal 非法的、违法的hit 打、打击dismiss 开除、解雇instantly 马上、立刻（同义词：quickly, rapidly, immediately）secular 现世的、非宗教的acceptable 可以接受的、合意的appropriate 适当的sophistication 混合、混乱workplace 工作场所、车间career 职业expand 膨胀、发展challenge 挑战diverse 不同的researcher 研究者cleaner 清洁员societal 社会的fill 填充、填补smack 用掌拍打/击打silence 静、安静method 方法influence 影响discipline 学科、纪律participate 参加、参与achievement 成就similar 相似的lifestyle 生活方式ownership 所有权、拥有权diverse 不同的（同义词：different, various, a variety of, varied, a range of）pupil 小学生consider 考虑length 长度topic 主题inflexible 不灵活的、不能融通的arrangement 安排loose 宽松的、自由的cactus 仙人掌relate 有联系、有关系dry 干燥的（反义词：humid 湿润的、wet 潮湿的）sandy 沙的、沙质的rocky 多岩石的desert 沙漠distance 距离tall 高的（反义词：short矮的）across 横向的traditional 传统的（同义词：conventional, conservative, orthodox）DAY 3hunter 猎人harsh 荒无人烟的material 材料、原料、物资possessions 财产（动词形式：possess 拥有、占有、持有）unemployment 失业poverty 贫穷、贫困alcoholism 酗酒tribe 部落、部族disappear 消失、不见lifestyle 生活方式attractive 具有吸引力的outsider 外界的人crop 农作物、庄稼originate 起源、来自（衍生词：origin 起因、原有、起源-名词，original 最初的、原始的、独创的-形容词）staple 主要的garlic 大蒜ginger 生姜headache 头痛toothache 牙痛magnolia 玉兰类植物cancer 癌症cure 治愈disease 疾病hunger 饥饿、渴望famine 饥荒starving 饥饿（但形容饥饿的程度比较深，都快要饿死了）survive 生存、存活strength 力量、力气energy 能量、活力normal 正常的、常态的chemical 化学的；化学制品、化学药品scientist 科学家（衍生词：science 科学）discover 发现、发觉（衍生词：discovery 发现）contain 包含、包括（同义词：involve, include, consist of）substance 物质stomach 胃、胃部brain 大脑heart 心脏lung 肺部kidney 肾full 满的（反义词：empty 空的）pharmaceutical 制药的promising 有希望的、有前途的obesity 肥胖adult 成年人estimate 估计、评估overweight 超重的obese 肥胖的simple 简单的、朴素的nourishing 有营养的DAY 4afford 负担、承担expensive 昂贵的fatty 富含脂肪的slim 苗条的、纤细的healthy 健康的descendant 子孙、后代ready-made 现成的、做好的convenient 便利的、便捷的taste 味道fat 脂肪；肥的、胖的salt 盐solution 解决办法、解决方案ideal 理想的right 权利；正确的secret 秘密；秘密的profit 利润herd 放牧cow 奶牛diet 食物majority 主要、多数（反义词：minority 少数）scarce 匮乏的、稀缺的sort 种类、类别compare 比较desire 渴望overcome 克服、解决ancient 古代的、远古的major 主要的issue 问题appear 出现、看来financial 财政的、金融的spread 传播、蔓延、伸展supply 供给、供应addiction 沉溺、上瘾widespread 分布广泛的、普遍的cruel 残忍的、残酷的unkind 不仁慈的、无情的alive 活着的prickly 多刺的solid 固体powder 粉末maintain 维持、继续drought 干旱tongue 舌头、说话方式well-known 众所周知的、有名的advertisement 广告（衍生词：advertise 做广告、登广告-动词；advertiser 登广告者、广告客户-名词；advertising 广告业、广告-动名词）main 主要的、重要的aim 目的、目标honest （反义词：dishonest 不忠实的、不诚实的-形容词） rarely 很少地、罕见地（衍生词：rare 稀罕的、杰出的）puffery 鼓吹、吹捧worldwide 全世界的DAY 5statement （衍生词：state ）term 学期、条款、术语develop 发展exaggerate 夸张、夸大claim 声称、主张legal 合法的（反义词：illegal 违法的、非法的-形容词）prove 证明、证实licence 执照、许可证lie 说谎vague 含糊的、暧昧的class 把ÿ分类、把ÿ分等级option 选择（衍生词：choice）expression 表达salesperson 售货员、销售员（同义词：seller）evaluation 评价、估计（衍生词：evaluate 评价、评估-动词）product 产品、产物（衍生词：produce 产物、农产品，生产、制造-名词、动词，production 生产、产品）objective 客观的subjective主观的identify 识别、鉴别（衍生词：identity 身份、特性-名词，identification 辨认、鉴定，identifiable 可以识别的、可以鉴别的-形容词，identifiably 可以识别地、可以鉴别地-副词）document 文件、文档（衍生词：documentary 文件的，纪录片-形容词，名词）notion 观念、想法（衍生词：note 注意、记录-名词）caveat 警告、告诫transaction 交易（衍生词：transact 交易、处理-动词）initially 最初、开头（衍生词：initial 最初的、初始的）property 财产、特征deal 交易、生意（衍生词：dealer 生意人）Latin 拉丁语、拉丁语的basically 基本上、主要地（衍生词：basic 基本的-形容词，basis 基础、基本-名词）mean 意思是、意谓responsibility 责任、职责（衍生词：response 响应、反应-名词，respond 回答、响应-动词，responsible 有责任的、负责的-形容词）check 检查、核对payment 报酬、支付（衍生词：pay 支付、给予-名词，payable 可支付的-形容词）defect 过失、缺点（衍生词：defective 有缺陷的）deliberately 蓄意地、故意地（衍生词：deliberate 深思熟虑的、故意的）conceal 隐藏、隐蔽（衍生词：concealment 隐藏、隐蔽-名词）policy 政策、方针proof 证据、校对affect 影响competitor 竞争对手、竞争者（衍生词：compete 竞争、比赛-动词，competition 竞争、比赛-名词）statistics 统计学（衍生词：statistic, statistical 统计的、统计学的-形容词）run 运转、运行（同义词：manage, operate）investigate 调查、研究（衍生词：investigation 调查、研究-名词，investigator 调查人-名词）insurance 保险finance 金融、财政（衍生词：financial 财政的、金融的）service 服务therefore 因此、所以（衍生词：so, thus）careful 小心的、仔细的（衍生词：care 关心、顾虑-动词）factual 事实的、实际的（衍生词：fact 事实、实情-名词）assertion 主张、断言（衍生词：assert 声称、断言-动词）regarding 关于DAY 6quality 品质、质量goods 货物、物品oversee 监视、检查validity 有效性council 理事会、委员会authority 权威、权利overstep 踏过、越过limit 极限、限度raise 提出generate 产生（衍生词：generation 产生、一代-名词）strategy 战略、策略（衍生词：strategic, strategically 战略的、策略的-形容词）superlative 最高的various 不容的、多种多样的（衍生词：variety 品种、种类，vary 改变、变更-动词）specific 具体的（衍生词：specifically 具体地、明确地-副词，specification 详述、规范-名词）concern 关心、关注mislead 误导（衍生词：lead 引导-动词）false 错误的prevent 阻止、预防（衍生词：preventable 可以预防的、可以阻止的-形容词）understandably 可以理解地（衍生词：understand 理解-动词，understandable 可以理解的-形容词）object 反对、抗议（同义词：refuse, refute, argue against）untruthful 不真实的、虚伪的（衍生词：truth 事实、真理-名词，true 真实的、真正的-形容词，truthful 诚实的-形容词）unfair 不公平的（衍生词：fair 公平的-形容词）advantage 优势、优点（反义词：disadvantage 略势、缺点-名词）court 法院、法庭、球场clarify 澄清、阐明（衍生词：clarification 澄清-名词）boundary 边界、分界线acceptable 可以接受的（衍生词：accept 接受-名词）best-loved 最喜爱的favorite 喜欢的人、物或事情make 品牌similarly 相似地、相似的是（衍生词：similar 相似的-形容词）expect 期待、期望（衍生词：expectation 期望、期待-名词）expectable 预料中的-形容词，unexpectable 无法预料的-形容词boast 自夸consider 考虑、照顾considerate 考虑周到的-形容词，considerable 值得考虑的，相当多的-形容词，consideration 考虑-名词deceptive 带有欺骗性的deception欺骗-名词primary 初级的、主要的inform 告知monitor 监督、监管ensure 确保、保证argue 争论、辩论technique 技术、技巧、手段technical 技术的、技巧的-形容词，technician 技师、技术员DAY 7otherwise 另外、否则unnoticed 被忽视的、未被注意到的notice 注意、观察-动词，noticeable 显而易见的-形容词，unnoticeable 不明显的-形容词crowded 拥挤的、塞满的crowd 拥挤、塞满-动词relatively 相对地relative 相关的、相对的-形容词，relate 联系-动词harmless 无害的harm 损害、伤害-名词，harmful 有害的、伤害的-形容词integral 完整的、整体的integrate 整合、结合-动词，integration 联合、结合-名词detect 发觉、探测detective 察觉的、侦探的-形容词delight 高兴、欣喜delightful 高兴的、欣喜的、令人愉快的-形容词discount 折扣fee 费、费用description 描述、记叙describe 描述、记叙-动词discussion 讨论discuss 讨论-动词issue 问题comparison 比较compare 比较、对比-动词contrast 对照、对比guilty 内疚的、有罪的guilt 内疚、罪行-名词summary 总结summarize 总结definition 定义define 下定义-动词determine 决定、确定determination 决定、确定-名词chainsaw 链锯recent 最近的、近期的recently 最近地、近期地-副词reality 现实realistic 现实的-形容词realization 意识realize 意识、了解到-动词detailed 详尽的、详细的detail 细节、详情-名词gasoline 汽油同义词petrol 汽油DAY 8own拥有owner 拥有者advantage 优势、优点disadvantage 缺点mobility 灵活机动性specific 具体的specify 详述、说明-动词，specification 详述、规范-名词vital 生死攸关的、重大的affair 事物、事件automobile 汽车（同义词：car, vehicle）relationship 关系、关联love-hate 爱恨的cherish 珍爱、怀抱undeniably 不可否认的convenient （衍生词：convenience）industry 工业、产业、行业commerce 商业（衍生词：commercial 商业的-形容词）prosper （衍生词：prosperous）unfortunately 不幸地fortune 运气、命运-名词，fortunate 幸运的、幸福的-形容词，fortunately 幸运地、幸福地-副词downside 负面、缺点upside 正面、优点pollution 污染manufacture 制造manufacturer 制造商-名词，manufacturing 制造业-名词purpose-build 依某种目的而建造factory 工厂（同义词：plant, mill）entrepreneur 企业家launch 投放、开发、发起admirable 值得赞美的、极美的philosophy 哲理、哲学venture 冒险、风险desire 想往、期望motoring 驾车afford 承担affordable 可承担的、可负担的-形容词，unaffordable 不可承担的、不可负担的-形容词ultra-affordable 最终可以负担的so-called 所谓的determine 决定、确定status 身份、地位comfort 舒适、安慰protection 保护protect 保护-动词，protective 予以保护的、保护的-形容词previous 在前的、早先的DAY 9vehicle 交通工具、车辆two-wheeled 两轮的scooter 小型摩托车three-wheeled 三轮的motorized 机动化的、摩托化的motor 汽车rickshaw 人力车transport 运输potential 潜在的、可能的；潜力、潜能extensive 广泛的、广大的predictable 可预测的predict 预测、预言-动词，unpredictable 不可预测的-形容词explosion 爆发、爆炸inevitable 不可避免的inescapable 不可逃避的unavoidable 不可避免的wisdom 智慧、明智warning 警告、预告consequence 后果massive 大量的compelling 强迫的、引人注目的argument 争论、辩论definite 明确的、一定的connection 关系、连接worsen 恶化、损害worse 更坏的、更恶略的-形容词respectively 各自地、分别地personally 个人地individually 单个地subjectively 主观地critical 批评的、危机的、严重的release 释放dramatically 极大地、引人注目地strikingly 醒目地noticeably 值得注意地remarkably 显著地affect 影响concern 考虑、忧虑stuck 被卡住import 进口export出口approximately 大约地、大概地（同义词：nearly, about, around）dependence 依赖、依靠dependent 依赖的、依靠的-形容词，independence 独立、自主-名词，independent 独立的、自主的-形容词effect 效果、结果uniquely 唯一地、独特地DAY 10solution 解答、解决办法benefit 利益drawback 缺点applaud 称赞、赞同mode 方式、模式descendant 子孙、后代、后裔（同义词offspring）regard 看待、当作original 最初的、原始的（衍生词：origin 起源、根源-名词，originate 起源、发生-动词invention 发明invent 发明、创造-动词percentage 百分比、百分率conventional 习俗的、传统的traditional 传统的orthodox 正统地conservative 保守的elite 精锐、精华crisis 危机unfair 不公平的（衍生词：fair）公平的-形容词）decrease 减少、降低（衍生词：reduce, diminish, cut back, fall, drop）negative 被动的（反义词：positive 主动的）synonym 同义词overcrowding 拥挤的、阻塞的approve 赞成、同意chilling 恐怖的purchaser 消费者purchase 消费-动词，purchasing 消费的-形容词violent 暴力的、强烈的（衍生词：violence 暴力-名词）whereby 凭什么、为何compensation 补偿（衍生词：compensate 偿还、补偿-动词favorable 赞成的、有利的traffic 交通congestion 拥塞（同义词：jam, conjunction, gridlock）cycling 骑脚踏车（衍生词：bicycle 脚踏车，cyclist 骑脚踏车的人）stuck 被粘住的（衍生词：stuck是stick的过去式和过去分词）breathe 呼吸、发出diesel 柴油机、柴油味fume （浓烈或难闻的）烟、气commute （乘坐交通工具）往来college 大学、学院issue 问题；发行despite 不论、尽管flyover过街天桥lane 街道、车道（同义词street, road, avenue, pathway）consideration 考虑、体谅（衍生词：consider 考虑、体谅-动词，considerable 值得考虑的、数量相当大的-形容词，considerate 考虑周到的-形容词）car-friendly 汽车友好型的humble 微贱的、粗陋的restrict 限制Cambridge4 TEST1ignore=pay no attention=not pay any attention=take no notice=not take any notice忽略，无视 v.encounter=face=confront=meet遇见，遭遇v.mistaken view=misconception错误的观点n.easy to reach=accessible容易达到的adj.change=modify(modification) 改变v.destruction=destroy=loss毁坏n.investigate=make inquiries=enquiries=go into=probe=look into 调查v.where=geographical location 表地点important=vital=essential=crucial重要的adj.reason=cause=factor=origins=root=stimulus=impetus原因n.protect=guard=safeguard=shield=conservation保护v.newspapers, television=media媒体n.where to live=habitat居住地n.get warmer=global warming变暖n.contribute to=play a part有助于v.survive=continuing existence幸存，活下来v.curriculum=course=syllabus课程n.link to=be connected with=be linked with把…和…相联系v.underdeveloped=degenerated=rudimentary不发达的adj.poor=bad=badly=not very good=no good at something=weak贫穷的，可怜的adj.exceptional=good=excellent=outstanding=brilliant=impressive=admirable超常的，例外的adj. mating=courtship交配.follow=track=tail=shadow=hound=stalk=stalker跟随，跟踪v.good vision ability=vision is obviously more usefulÿ好的视力best=well=greatest=finest=ideal=top=number one=ultimate=optimum=definitive=unsurpassed=record-breaking极好的adj.surprised=amazed=astonished=astounded=be taken aback=startled感到惊讶的adj.volunteer=subject实验研究对象n.similar=resemble=like=alike相似的adj.blind=can not see瞎的adj.Cambridge4 TEST2initiative=on your own/by yourself=independently=on your own initiative=under your own steam=to be the person who starts something=plan=law主动的，自发的adj. 主动权n. increase=go up=rise=grow=climb=gain=escalate=pick up=widen=be on theincrease=intensify=expand=build up上升，增加v.teach=educate=train=coach=instruct=bring up教学v.more than one language=bilingual=sb's second language多种语言n.determine=establish=identify=pinpoint=diagnose 决定v.young people=teenager=youth=in your teens=adolescent=minor年轻人n.community=all the people in a particular area, city, country etc.群体，团体，社区n. traditional=old-fashioned=outdated=outmoded=unfashionable传统的adj.fail=failure=not succeed=unsuccessful=vain=fruitless=unproductive=be a failure=go wrong=not work=do no good=fall through失败v.endanger=to put someone or something in danger of being hurt=damaged=destroyed危及，使危险v.diverse=varied=variety=wide-ranging=mixed各种各样的adj.inevitable=certain to happen and impossible to avoid不可避免的adj.differ from=unusual与ÿ不同v.reluctant=unwilling=not willing=drag your feet=be loath to do something=conservative勉强的adj.consult=ask somebody's advice=seek advice=get/obtain advice资询v.alternative=another=other=different=new=else=variation=variant另一个therapist=someone who has been trained to give a particular form of treatment for physical or mental illness临床医学家n.retrain=taking courses再教育v.salary=pay=wage=income=earnings=fee工资，收入n.long-term=chronic=long-running=long-standing=lasting=lifelong=prolonged=lingering=endu ring=abiding=incurable长期的adj.complaint=complain=make a complaint=protest=object=complain抱怨n.illness=disease=virus=bug=infection疾病 n.connection=relationship=link=correlation联系 n.beneficial=be good for you/ do somebody good=wholesome=nutritious=nourishing=healthful 有益的 adj.insight=comprehension=understanding理解，见解 n.physical=relating to the body=bodily身体的 adj.hazard=risk=danger=threat障碍，危险n.accompany=with=together=along with=come wit陪伴,伴随mental=relating to the health or state of someone's mind精神上的，心理的 adj.possible=possibility=can=potential=there is a chance/possibility可能的adj.reduction=decrease=drop=fall=cut 减少 n.class=type=kind=sort=style=category=variety种类n.rehearsal=practice=training=run-through=exercise排练，演习 n.peer=your peers are the people who are the same age as you, or who have the same type of job, social class etc同伴 n.defensive=used or intended to protect someone or something against attack 防御n. strategy=way=method=approach=technique=system=tactics 方法，功略n.assist=help=aid=with the aid of帮助 v.specific=give (somebody) more details=expand on=enlarge on=go into more=greater detail=be more specific=be more explicit=elaborate特定的adj.substance=a particular type of solid, liquid, or gas 物质 n.surroundings=environment=circumstance 环境 n.engage=give somebody a job=employ=take on=appoint=recruit=sign up雇佣 v.combine=mix=stir=beat=blend=whisk=dilute联合v.survival=the state of continuing to live or exist幸存n.Cambridge4 TEST3quotation= a sentence or phrase from a book, speech etc which you repeat in a speech or piece of writing because it is interesting or amusing 引言n.exemplify= example=case=instance=to be a very typical example of something=to give an example of something 例证 v.explain=tell=say what/why/where etc=show=demonstrate=go through=throw/shed light on=set out解释v.outline= to describe something in a general way, giving the main points but not the details 概述 v.purpose=aim=point=idea=objective=object=goal= target=end目的 n.encourage=persuade=persuasion=get somebody to do something=influence=encourage=talk somebody into=put somebody up to鼓励 v.loan= an amount of money that you borrow from a bank etc. 贷款 n.poverty= being poor贫穷n.crime= illegal activities in general犯罪 n.reject=to refuse to accept, believe in, or agree with something 拒绝 v.employ=give somebody a job=take on=engage= appoint=recruit=sign up雇佣 v.courier=a person or company that is paid to take packages somewhere快递员 n.storage=keep=store=keep something in storage=preserve 存储n.facility=rooms, equipment, or services that are provided for a particular purpose 设备n.ambitious=ambition=power-hungry/power-mad=competitive= determined to be successful, rich, powerful etc.有志向的，雄心壮志的 adj.effort=to try very hard to do something= attempt=campaign=drive努力 n.feature= a part of something that you notice because it seems important, interesting, or typical；a part of the land, especially a part that you can see: a part of someone's face, such as their eyes, nose etc特点 n.planet= the world=earth/Earth=the globe 地球 n.unpredictable=can't say/tell=unforeseeable=it remains to be seen 无法预测的 adj. machinery=machines, especially large ones= a system or set of processes for doing something=machine=device=robot=appliance=mechanism 机械 n.ultimate=someone's ultimate aim is their main and most important aim, that they hope to achieve in the future= final最终的，根本的 adj.atmosphere= the feeling that an event or place gives you= the mixture of gases that surrounds the Earth气氛; 大气n.occur=happen=take place=there is=come about=come up=turn up=arise=strike发生v.expand= get bigger=grow=swell up=stretch扩张，扩大v.form= type= way something is/appears=shape形式 n.emerge=appear=become visible=come into view/come into sight=come out=reappear 出现 v. emit= to send out gas, heat, light, sound etc 发出，放射 n.situation= circumstances=position=case=plight情况，状况 n.self-conscious=worried and embarrassed about what you look like or what other people think of you自觉的 n.generate= to make someone have a particular feeling= form=produce=create 产生 v.various=there are several different types of that thing=different=a variety ofsomething=differing=varying=an assortment of something=assorted=a mix of something=a mixture of something各种各样的 adj.convenient= a thing or way of doing something that is easy and quick; a time or arrangement that is convenient 方便的 adj.objective=impartial=neutral=not take sides=unbiased=disinterested客观的 adj.enquiry=investigate=make inquiries/enquiries=go into=probe=look into=solve=be under investigation 调查observe=notice=can see/can tell=see=spot=detect=note becomeaware/conscious=catch somebody's eye=perceive观察 v.comment=remark=thing to say=point=statement= announcement=declaration=observation评论include=consist of=comprise=be composed of= be made up of包含，包括 v.focus on=deals only with=concentrate专注于 v.affect=have an effect=have an impact=take effect= make a difference=impact影响 v. gained from=come from=be based on=originate= go back to=have its origins in=have its roots in=derive from/be derived from=develop from/evolve from产生于ÿ. V.concern=worry=stress=anxiety=strain= a feeling of worry about something important关心，担心n.Cambridge4 TEST4official=formal=authorized=on (the) record官方的，正式的 adj.athletic=physically strong and good at sport=fit=be in shape=be in good condition运动的adj.intensive=involving a lot of activity, effort, or careful attention in a short period of time=rapid=crash course密集的，加强的 adj.burst=a short sudden effort or increase in activity=burst of anger/enthusiasm/temper etc 爆炸，突发recognize=know=identify=pick out=tell认出，承认v.inadequate=not enough=too little=few=scarce=insufficient=be in short supply=lack of something=be short 不足的 adj.develop=come from=be based on=originate=go back to=have its origins in=have its roots in=derive from=be derived from=be founded on=grow out of=develop from=evolve from发展，生长 v.enable=make something possible=allow=permit=pave the way for=clear the way for使能够 v. predict=anticipate=forecast=foretell=prediction=projected=guess in advance预测 v. specialist=someone who knows a lot about a particular subject, or is very skilled atit=expert专家 n.theoretical=relating to the study of ideas, especially scientific ideas, rather than with practical uses of the ideas or practical experience理论的 adj.basic=fundamental=essential=central=underlying=simple=crude=primitive=rudimentary=unso phisticated=low-tech基本的 adj.nature=plants/animals etc=somebody's character=qualities of something=type自然 n.aim=purpose=point=idea=objective=object=goal=target=end目的 n.translate=change languages=interpret=put something into English/French/Japanese etc翻译v.ancient=belonging to a time long ago in history, especially thousands of years ago 古老的 adj.realistic=when pictures, films etc make things seem real=lifelike=realism=true tolife=vivid实际的，现实的field=area=branch=world=domain=realm=sphere领域 n.document=a piece of paper that has official information on it；a piece of written work that is stored on a computer文件 n.equal=the same in number, amount, level etc as something else平等的 adj.influence=effect=side effect=impact=what something does to=the implications 影响 n. behavior=manner=conduct=behave=well-behaved=good=be on your best=stay out of trouble行为 n.compare=to examine or judge two or more things in order to show how they are similar to or different from each other=liken=make a comparison=draw an analogy=draw aparallel=contrast 比较 v.economically=in a way that is related to systems of money, trade, or business经济上地 adv. establish=determine=identify=pinpoint=diagnose=to start a new business or organization.建立新的生意/组织 v.sustainable=able to continue without causing damage to the environment; able to continue for a long time可持续的 adj.realize=know=be/become aware=can tell=appreciate=be conscious=know perfectlywell=know/learn from experience意识到 v.limit=restrict=set/impose/put a limit=keep to/keep within=confine=fix 限制produce=form=create=generate生产 v.guarantee=promise=assure=give somebody your word=swear=vow=commit to=pledge保证 v. liberty=freedom=a free hand自由 n.independence=self-sufficiency=self-reliance 独立 n.consistent=always behaving in the same way or having the same attitudes, standards etc - usually used to show approval持续的 adj.underestimate=to think or guess that something is smaller, cheaper, easier etc than it really is=to think that someone is not as good, clever, or skilful, as they really are 低估 v.provision=when you provide something that someone needs now or in the future 提供 n. Cambridge5 TEST1produce=develop=manufacture生产 v.central=middle中心的 adj.did not have=without没有 v.bring=confer=award=present=grant=confer=allocate=offer带来 v.time limit=deadline时间限制，期限 n.increase=go up/rise=grow=climb=gain=escalate=expand=pick up=widen=intensify=build up增加assistant=helper=coach 助手 n.immense=big=major=considerable=great=huge/enormous=tremendous=large scale/large-scale巨大的 adj.illustrate=show=be a sign=demonstrate=mean=make clear=reflect=tell=be evidence=reveal 表明，显示 v.quotation=a phrase or sentence that is well-known or often used 引用语 n.predecessor=someone who had your job before you started doing it 前辈，前任n.rival=a person, group, or organization that you compete with in sport, business, a fight etc=competitor 对手，竞争者 n.distraction=something that stops you paying attention to what you are doing分心的事物 n. fault=defect=problem=trouble=flaw=weakness =bug=virus=be something wrong with 错误，缺点cornerstone=basis=foundation=the key 基石n.confer=award=present=grant=allocate 给予 v.stability=the condition of being steady and not changing稳定 n.prevail=win=come out on top=prevail=carry the day流行,获胜v.contract=agreement=understanding=compromise 合约 n.grant=award=present=confer=allocate给予 v.fascinate=if someone or something fascinates you, you are attracted to them and think they are extremely interesting吸引，使着迷 v.disturb=interrupt=bother=distract=put somebody off 打扰 v.expect=think=anticipate预期，期待 v.psychology=the study of the mind and how it influences people's behavior 心理学 n.obey=comply with=abide by=keep to=stick to the rules=conform to=observe=respect=toe the line=go by the book/do something by the book 服从，顺从v.identity=someone's identity is their name or who they are 身份n.severity=used of the degree of something undesirable 严重性 n.unfold=open=happen=develop=expand 展开，发生 v.deliberately=intentionally=on purpose=purposely故意地 adv.moral=relating to the principles of what is right and wrong behavior, and with the difference between good and evil 道德上的，与道德有关的 adj.prior to=before=previous在ÿ前面repetition=doing or saying the same thing many times重复 n.genetic=relating to genes or genetics基因的，遗传学的 adj.sacrifice=when you decide not to have something valuable, in order to get something that is more important牺牲 v.victim=someone who has been attacked, robbed, or murdered受害者 n.forge=form=counterfeit 形成;伪造 v.persuade=convince=win over=talk around 说服 v.surrender=give in 投降，放弃 v.extinct=an extinct type of animal or plant does not exist anymore=disappear=vanish灭绝的，绝种的 adj.abundant=plenty=ample 充裕的，丰富的 adj.exaggerate=overstate夸张，夸大 v.phenomenon=something that happens or exists in society, science, or nature, especially something that is studied because it is difficult to understand 现象 n.perception=idea=notion=view=belief=insight 认识，观念，看法 n.impression=infection=effect=influence=affection印象，感想 n.entitle=to give someone the official right to do or have something 使某人有权利/资格 v. distortion=a change for the worse=deformation扭曲，曲解 v.dispose=to arrange things or put them in their places=arrange=settle=manage=cope with=deal with 安排，处理 v.intuition=the ability to understand or know something because of a feeling rather than by considering the facts=instinct 直觉 n.emission=a gas or other substance that is sent into the air排放物，散发物n.diminish=reduce=decrease=fall=lessen=cut 减少，减小v.postpone=put back=delay=adjourn 延期，推迟 v.crucial=important=critical=vital=necessary=essential 至关重要的 adj.pessimistic=expecting that bad things will happen in the future or that something will have a bad result=getting worse悲观的 adj.attempt=purpose=order=effort 尝试，努力Cambridge5 TEST2similar=like=resemble相似的 adj.derive=originate=come from=stem from起源 v.impetus=momentum=stimulus=incentive=motivation=encouragement 动机，动力 n.generate=produce=bring into existence=make=manufacture产生 v.couple with=and=accompany=with 伴随 v.factor=reason=element=component=ingredient 因素 n.unique=have the distinction=distinct=different=extraordinary=special独特的 adj. advance=progress=development=growth=increase进步 n.field=domain=territory=industry=sector领域 n.alternative=substitute=replacement替代物 n.like=such as=for example=for instance 例如resource=material=source资源，来源 n.limited=restricted=exhaustible=finite有限的adj.$㸁D㸁F㸁°䨁Ð䨁Ò䨁D吁d吁f吁N崁n崁6䘀6昀6稀6阀6刀>刀\刀t刀.挀°挀ª搀X攀¾攀:昀n昀&最¦最*栀èinvolve=rely on=contain=comprise 包含，牵涉 v.current=modern=recent=present最近的adj.particular=extraordinary=special=detail=specific=unique特别的，独有的adj.draw on=absorb=do with吸收 v.settle on=make choice of=decide on选定 v.superiority=advantage=edge=high quality优势 n.accompany=when=keep company=be associated with 陪伴，伴随v.view=belief=opinion=insight=perception 观点 n.artificial intelligence=reasoning in machine人工智能 n.involve with=associate with=link to=relate to与ÿ有关联 v.release=issue=launch=convey=public=deliver 发行，发表v.difficult=demanding=hard=tough困难的 adj.task=job=work=labour 任务，工作 n.instantly=rapidly=immediately立即地 adv.react=respond 反应 v.relate to=depend on=link to=associate with=involve with 与ÿ有关系 v.subject views=outlook=personal/individual views=personal/individual opinions 主观观点 n. distort=to change the appearance, sound, or shape of something so that it is strange or。
IELTS Reading剑4-8总结
(1) 作业答疑，回顾复习Air Traffic Control in the USAPopulation Movements and Genetics Climate Change and the InuitGreying Population Stays in the Pink Climate Change and the Inuit Visual Symbols and the Blind(4) 策略总结(1) 作业答疑，回顾复习 A Choronicle of TimekeepingSheet Glass Manufacture: the Float Process Collecting Ant SpecimensBakelite - The Birth of Modern Plastics Collecting Ant SpecimensWhy Pagodas Don’t Fall Down(4) 策略总结(1) 作业答疑，回顾复习Australia’s Sporting Success (Cinematography)Obtaining Linguistic DataPlay Is a Serious Business Numeration(4) 策略总结(1) 作业答疑，回顾复习Micro-Enterprise Credit for Street Youth Do literate women make better mothers?The Nature of Genius(School bullying) Education Psyche(4) 策略总结(1) 作业答疑，回顾复习How Much Higher? How Much Faster?Let’s Go Bats(3) Matching 真题解析32(2) List of Headings 真题解析(3) Summary 真题解析人类与社会文娱与体育(2) Matching 真题解析4(2) Table and Diagram 真题解析技术与工艺5(2) SentenceCompletion真题解析(2) Multi-Choice 真题解析教育与发展C8 T1 P2Making Every Drop Count C7 T1 P2 C7 T3 P2The Meaning and Power of Smell C8 T2 P3 C6 T1 P3How Does Biological Clock Tick?C8 T3 P3 C6 T2 P2Ant Intelligence C7 T3 P1 C6 T1 P3Pulling Strings to Build Pyramids C7 T4 P1 C4 T1 P3The Birth of Scientific English C5 T2 P3C8 T1 P1Alternative Medicine in Australia C4 T2 P2 C8 T2 P1The Search for the Anti-aging Pill C6 T3 P3 C8 T4 P3Early Childhood Education C5 T3 P1 C5 T2 P1Population Movements and Genetics C7 T3 P2 C8 T4 P3What do whales feel?C4 T1 P2 C7 T2 P1Obtaining Linguistic Data C4 T3 P3C6 T1 P1Lost of Words C4 T2 P1 C6 T3 P1Nature or Nurture?C5 T1 P2 C4 T3 P3Endless Harvest C7 T4 P2 C4 T2 P3The Search for the Anti-aging Pill C6 T3 P3 C6 T2 P3Effects of Noise C7 T4 P3C4 T3 P1Johnson’s Dictionary C5 T1 P1 C6 T4 P2Land of the Rising Sum C8 T4 P1 C8 T3 P2The Nature and Aims of Archaeology C4 T4 P2 C6 T4 P3Biological Control of Pests C8 T4 P2 C7 T1 P3Visual Symbols and the Blind C4 T1 P3C4 T4 P1Australia’s Sporting Success C6 T1 P1 C7 T1 P1Striking Back at Lightning with Lase C8 T3 P1。
剑中4词汇表
创造性的
实际的
administrative
precise
行政的
精确的
Adv.
especially
尤其
physically
体力上地
Phrasal verbs
add up加起来
get up起床
look up查找
pick up捡起wake up醒来
turn up出现
break up破裂
grow up成长
需求
缺乏
futurologist
cause
speed / speedy
accident / accidental
destination
strike
disease
device
clone
intelligence/intelligent
未来学家
原因
速度
事故
目的地
罢工
疾病
设施
克隆
智力
Verb
predict / prediction
image / imagine
LCD
length / long
width / wide / widen
object
opponent
工程师
环境
头盔显示器
显示器
形象
液晶显示屏
长度
宽度
物体
对手
technology / technological tracker
reality / real
glove
surgeon
slum贫民窟
improvement / improve改进
independence / independent独立
最新英语专业八级阅读备考核心词汇+例句(1)教案资料
英语专业八级阅读备考核心词汇abhorvt.憎恶，厌恶，讨厌They abhor all forms of discrimination on the basis of race or sex. 她们憎恶种族和性别上的歧视。
abatevt. & vi.减少，减轻，减退；消除The storm began to abate slightly.风暴开始稍有所减弱。
adjacentadj. 邻近的These young students lives in adjacent rooms.这些年轻的学生住在毗连的房间里。
admonishvt.劝告，训诫The teacher admonished the boys for being lazy.老师告诫学生不要偷懒。
adventn.出现，到来Since the advent of atomic power, there have been great changes in industry.自从原子能问世以来，工业领域起了很大变化。
advent n.出现，到来Since the advent of atomic power, there have been great changes in industry.自从原子能问世以来，工业领域起了很大变化。
adversity n.逆境，不幸Their friendship was forged by sharing adversity.他们的友谊是由于共患难而结成的。
affinity n. 喜爱He has an affinity for fine food.他喜爱精美的食品。
affluent adj.富裕的，富足的He is an affluent man.他是一个富有的人。
allude vi.提及，暗指In your remarks you alluded to a certain sinister design. 在你的谈话中, 你提到了某个阴谋。
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cation 教育2.aspect 方面munity 社区、社会4.reflect 反映、表现5.attitude 态度、看法6.unspoken 未说出口的、没人理睬的7.belief 信仰、信念8.custom 风俗9.curriculum 课程10.assessment 评价、评估11.expectation 期待、期望12.behave 做出行为-动词13.behavior 行为14.rule 准则、规章15.cover 覆盖、包含16.duty 职责、义务17.conduct 行为、操行18.virtuous 有道德的19.proper 适当的、有礼貌的20.manner 礼貌21.marry 结婚pany 陪伴23.permit 允许、许可24.dye 染25.loiter 闲逛、虚度26.function 功能、典礼27.church 教堂28.regularly 有规律地、有规则地29.alcohol 酒精、酒30.Bible《圣经》31.country school 乡村学校32.coal 煤33.bucket 桶34.sweep 打扫、清扫35.tidy 整齐的、整洁的36.despite 虽然、尽管37.stipulate 规定、保证38.content 内容39.arithmetic 算术40.Christianity 基督教41.literacy 有文化、有读写能力42.religious 宗教上的43.corporal 身体的、肉体的（同义词：physical）44.stick 棍子45.strap 皮带46.naughty 调皮的、顽皮的47.unruly 不守规矩的、不受约束的48.schooling 学校教育49.engage 从事50.caretaking 关心、照料1.nevertheless 然而、不过2.creatively 具有创造性地3.stimulate 刺激、激励4.strict 严格的、严谨的5.protocol草案、协议6.illegal 非法的、违法的7.hit 打、打击8.dismiss 开除、解雇9.instantly 马上、立刻（同义词：quickly, rapidly, immediately）10.secular 现世的、非宗教的11.acceptable 可以接受的、合意的12.appropriate 适当的13.sophistication 混合、混乱14.workplace 工作场所、车间15.career 职业16.expand 膨胀、发展17.challenge 挑战18.diverse 不同的19.researcher 研究者20.cleaner 清洁员21.societal 社会的22.fill 填充、填补23.smack 用掌拍打/击打24.silence 静、安静25.method 方法26.influence 影响27.discipline 学科、纪律28.participate 参加、参与29.achievement 成就30.similar 相似的31.lifestyle 生活方式32.ownership 所有权、拥有权33.diverse 不同的（同义词：different, various, a variety of, varied, a range of）34.pupil 小学生35.consider 考虑36.length 长度37.topic 主题38.inflexible 不灵活的、不能融通的39.arrangement 安排40.loose 宽松的、自由的41.cactus 仙人掌42.relate 有联系、有关系43.dry 干燥的（反义词：humid 湿润的、wet 潮湿的）44.sandy 沙的、沙质的45.rocky 多岩石的46.desert 沙漠47.distance 距离48.tall 高的（反义词：short矮的）49.across 横向的50.traditional 传统的（同义词：conventional, conservative, orthodox）1.hunter 猎人2.harsh 荒无人烟的3.material 材料、原料、物资4.possessions 财产（动词形式：possess 拥有、占有、持有）5.unemployment 失业6.poverty 贫穷、贫困7.alcoholism 酗酒8.tribe 部落、部族9.disappear 消失、不见10.lifestyle 生活方式11.attractive 具有吸引力的12.outsider 外界的人13.crop 农作物、庄稼14.originate 起源、来自（衍生词：origin 起因、原有、起源-名词，original 最初的、原始的、独创的-形容词）15.staple 主要的16.garlic 大蒜17.ginger 生姜18.headache 头痛19.toothache 牙痛20.magnolia 玉兰类植物21.cancer 癌症22.cure 治愈23.disease 疾病24.hunger 饥饿、渴望25.famine 饥荒26.starving 饥饿（但形容饥饿的程度比较深，都快要饿死了）27.survive 生存、存活28.strength 力量、力气29.energy 能量、活力30.normal 正常的、常态的31.chemical 化学的；化学制品、化学药品32.scientist 科学家（衍生词：science 科学）33.discover 发现、发觉（衍生词：discovery 发现）34.contain 包含、包括（同义词：involve, include, consist of）35.substance 物质36.stomach 胃、胃部37.brain 大脑38.heart 心脏39.lung 肺部40.kidney 肾41.full 满的（反义词：empty 空的）42.pharmaceutical 制药的43.promising 有希望的、有前途的44.obesity 肥胖45.adult 成年人46.estimate 估计、评估47.overweight 超重的48.obese 肥胖的49.simple 简单的、朴素的50.nourishing 有营养的DAY 41.afford 负担、承担2.expensive 昂贵的3.fatty 富含脂肪的4.slim 苗条的、纤细的5.healthy 健康的6.descendant 子孙、后代7.ready-made 现成的、做好的8.convenient 便利的、便捷的9.taste 味道10.fat 脂肪；肥的、胖的11.salt 盐12.solution 解决办法、解决方案13.ideal 理想的14.right 权利；正确的15.secret 秘密；秘密的16.profit 利润17.herd 放牧18.cow 奶牛19.diet 食物20.majority 主要、多数（反义词：minority 少数）21.scarce 匮乏的、稀缺的22.sort 种类、类别pare 比较24.desire 渴望25.overcome 克服、解决26.ancient 古代的、远古的27.major 主要的28.issue 问题29.appear 出现、看来30.financial 财政的、金融的31.spread 传播、蔓延、伸展32.supply 供给、供应33.addiction 沉溺、上瘾34.widespread 分布广泛的、普遍的35.cruel 残忍的、残酷的36.unkind 不仁慈的、无情的37.alive 活着的38.prickly 多刺的39.solid 固体40.powder 粉末41.maintain 维持、继续42.drought 干旱43.tongue 舌头、说话方式44.well-known 众所周知的、有名的45.advertisement 广告（衍生词：advertise 做广告、登广告-动词；advertiser 登广告者、广告客户-名词；advertising 广告业、广告-动名词）46.main 主要的、重要的47.aim 目的、目标48.honest （反义词：dishonest 不忠实的、不诚实的-形容词）rarely 很少地、罕见地（衍生词：rare 稀罕的、杰出的）49.puffery 鼓吹、吹捧50.worldwide 全世界的DAY 51.statement （衍生词：state ）2.term 学期、条款、术语3.develop 发展4.exaggerate 夸张、夸大5.claim 声称、主张6.legal 合法的（反义词：illegal 违法的、非法的-形容词）7.prove 证明、证实8.licence 执照、许可证9.lie 说谎10.vague 含糊的、暧昧的11.class 把…分类、把…分等级12.option 选择（衍生词：choice）13.expression 表达14.salesperson 售货员、销售员（同义词：seller）15.evaluation 评价、估计（衍生词：evaluate 评价、评估-动词）16.product 产品、产物（衍生词：produce 产物、农产品，生产、制造-名词、动词，production 生产、产品）17.objective 客观的18.subjective主观的19.identify 识别、鉴别（衍生词：identity 身份、特性-名词，identification 辨认、鉴定，identifiable 可以识别的、可以鉴别的-形容词，identifiably 可以识别地、可以鉴别地-副词）20.document 文件、文档（衍生词：documentary 文件的，纪录片-形容词，名词）21.notion 观念、想法（衍生词：note 注意、记录-名词）22.caveat 警告、告诫23.transaction 交易（衍生词：transact 交易、处理-动词）24.initially 最初、开头（衍生词：initial 最初的、初始的）25.property 财产、特征26.deal 交易、生意（衍生词：dealer 生意人）tin 拉丁语、拉丁语的28.basically 基本上、主要地（衍生词：basic 基本的-形容词，basis 基础、基本-名词）29.mean 意思是、意谓30.responsibility 责任、职责（衍生词：response 响应、反应-名词，respond 回答、响应-动词，responsible 有责任的、负责的-形容词）31.check 检查、核对32.payment 报酬、支付（衍生词：pay 支付、给予-名词，payable 可支付的-形容词）33.defect 过失、缺点（衍生词：defective 有缺陷的）34.deliberately 蓄意地、故意地（衍生词：deliberate 深思熟虑的、故意的）35.conceal 隐藏、隐蔽（衍生词：concealment 隐藏、隐蔽-名词）36.policy 政策、方针37.proof 证据、校对38.affect 影响petitor 竞争对手、竞争者（衍生词：compete 竞争、比赛-动词，competition竞争、比赛-名词）40.statistics 统计学（衍生词：statistic, statistical 统计的、统计学的-形容词）41.run 运转、运行（同义词：manage, operate）42.investigate 调查、研究（衍生词：investigation 调查、研究-名词，investigator 调查人-名词）43.insurance 保险44.finance 金融、财政（衍生词：financial 财政的、金融的）45.service 服务46.therefore 因此、所以（衍生词：so, thus）47.careful 小心的、仔细的（衍生词：care 关心、顾虑-动词）48.factual 事实的、实际的（衍生词：fact 事实、实情-名词）49.assertion 主张、断言（衍生词：assert 声称、断言-动词）50.regarding 关于DAY 61.quality 品质、质量2.goods 货物、物品3.oversee 监视、检查4.validity 有效性5.council 理事会、委员会6.authority 权威、权利7.overstep 踏过、越过8.limit 极限、限度9.raise 提出10.generate 产生（衍生词：generation 产生、一代-名词）11.strategy 战略、策略（衍生词：strategic, strategically 战略的、策略的-形容词）12.superlative 最高的13.various 不容的、多种多样的（衍生词：variety 品种、种类，vary 改变、变更-动词）14.specific 具体的（衍生词：specifically 具体地、明确地-副词，specification 详述、规范-名词）15.concern 关心、关注16.mislead 误导（衍生词：lead 引导-动词）17.false 错误的18.prevent 阻止、预防（衍生词：preventable 可以预防的、可以阻止的-形容词）19.understandably 可以理解地（衍生词：understand 理解-动词，understandable 可以理解的-形容词）20.object 反对、抗议（同义词：refuse, refute, argue against）21.untruthful 不真实的、虚伪的（衍生词：truth 事实、真理-名词，true 真实的、真正的-形容词，truthful 诚实的-形容词）22.unfair 不公平的（衍生词：fair 公平的-形容词）23.advantage 优势、优点（反义词：disadvantage 略势、缺点-名词）24.court 法院、法庭、球场25.clarify 澄清、阐明（衍生词：clarification 澄清-名词）26.boundary 边界、分界线27.acceptable 可以接受的（衍生词：accept 接受-名词）28.best-loved 最喜爱的29.favorite 喜欢的人、物或事情30.brand 牌子31.make 品牌32.similarly 相似地、相似的是（衍生词：similar 相似的-形容词）33.expect 期待、期望（衍生词：expectation 期望、期待-名词）34.expectable 预料中的-形容词，35.unexpectable 无法预料的-形容词36.boast 自夸37.consider 考虑、照顾38.considerate 考虑周到的-形容词，39.considerable 值得考虑的，相当多的-形容词，40.consideration 考虑-名词41.deceptive 带有欺骗性的42.deception欺骗-名词43.primary 初级的、主要的rm 告知45.monitor 监督、监管46.ensure 确保、保证47.argue 争论、辩论48.technique 技术、技巧、手段49.technical 技术的、技巧的-形容词，50.technician 技师、技术员DAY 71.otherwise 另外、否则2.unnoticed 被忽视的、未被注意到的3.notice 注意、观察-动词，4.noticeable 显而易见的-形容词，5.unnoticeable 不明显的-形容词6.crowded 拥挤的、塞满的7.crowd 拥挤、塞满-动词8.aspect 方面9.relatively 相对地10.relative 相关的、相对的-形容词，11.relate 联系-动词12.harmless 无害的13.harm 损害、伤害-名词，14.harmful 有害的、伤害的-形容词15.integral 完整的、整体的16.integrate 整合、结合-动词，17.integration 联合、结合-名词18.detect 发觉、探测19.detective 察觉的、侦探的-形容词20.delight 高兴、欣喜21.delightful 高兴的、欣喜的、令人愉快的-形容词22.discount 折扣23.fee 费、费用24.description 描述、记叙25.describe 描述、记叙-动词26.discussion 讨论27.discuss 讨论-动词28.issue 问题parison 比较pare 比较、对比-动词31.contrast 对照、对比32.guilty 内疚的、有罪的33.guilt 内疚、罪行-名词34.summary 总结35.summarize 总结36.definition 定义37.define 下定义-动词38.determine 决定、确定39.determination 决定、确定-名词40.chainsaw 链锯41.recent 最近的、近期的42.recently 最近地、近期地-副词43.reality 现实44.realistic 现实的-形容词45.realization 意识46.realize 意识、了解到-动词47.detailed 详尽的、详细的48.detail 细节、详情-名词49.gasoline 汽油同义词50.petrol 汽油DAY 81.own拥有2.owner 拥有者3.advantage 优势、优点4.disadvantage 缺点5.mobility 灵活机动性6.specific 具体的7.specify 详述、说明-动词，8.specification 详述、规范-名词9.vital 生死攸关的、重大的10.affair 事物、事件11.automobile 汽车（同义词：car, vehicle）12.relationship 关系、关联13.love-hate 爱恨的14.cherish 珍爱、怀抱15.undeniably 不可否认的16.convenient （衍生词：convenience）17.industry 工业、产业、行业merce 商业（衍生词：commercial 商业的-形容词）19.prosper （衍生词：prosperous）20.unfortunately 不幸地21.fortune 运气、命运-名词，22.fortunate 幸运的、幸福的-形容词，23.fortunately 幸运地、幸福地-副词24.downside 负面、缺点25.upside 正面、优点26.pollution 污染27.manufacture 制造28.manufacturer 制造商-名词，29.manufacturing 制造业-名词30.purpose-build 依某种目的而建造31.factory 工厂（同义词：plant, mill）32.entrepreneur 企业家unch 投放、开发、发起34.admirable 值得赞美的、极美的35.philosophy 哲理、哲学36.venture 冒险、风险37.desire 想往、期望38.motoring 驾车39.afford 承担40.affordable 可承担的、可负担的-形容词，41.unaffordable 不可承担的、不可负担的-形容词42.ultra-affordable 最终可以负担的43.so-called 所谓的44.determine 决定、确定45.status 身份、地位fort 舒适、安慰47.protection 保护48.protect 保护-动词，49.protective 予以保护的、保护的-形容词50.previous 在前的、早先的DAY 91.vehicle 交通工具、车辆2.two-wheeled 两轮的3.scooter 小型摩托车4.three-wheeled 三轮的5.motorized 机动化的、摩托化的6.motor 汽车7.rickshaw 人力车8.transport 运输9.potential 潜在的、可能的；潜力、潜能10.extensive 广泛的、广大的11.predictable 可预测的12.predict 预测、预言-动词，13.unpredictable 不可预测的-形容词14.explosion 爆发、爆炸15.inevitable 不可避免的16.inescapable 不可逃避的17.unavoidable 不可避免的18.wisdom 智慧、明智19.warning 警告、预告20.consequence 后果21.massive 大量的pelling 强迫的、引人注目的23.argument 争论、辩论24.definite 明确的、一定的25.connection 关系、连接26.worsen 恶化、损害27.worse 更坏的、更恶略的-形容词28.respectively 各自地、分别地29.personally 个人地30.individually 单个地31.subjectively 主观地32.critical 批评的、危机的、严重的33.release 释放34.dramatically 极大地、引人注目地35.strikingly 醒目地36.noticeably 值得注意地37.remarkably 显著地38.affect 影响39.concern 考虑、忧虑40.aspect 方面41.stuck 被卡住42.import 进口43.export出口44.approximately 大约地、大概地（同义词：nearly, about, around）45.dependence 依赖、依靠46.dependent 依赖的、依靠的-形容词，47.independence 独立、自主-名词，48.independent 独立的、自主的-形容词49.effect 效果、结果50.uniquely 唯一地、独特地DAY 101.solution 解答、解决办法2.benefit 利益3.drawback 缺点4.applaud 称赞、赞同5.mode 方式、模式6.descendant 子孙、后代、后裔（同义词offspring）7.regard 看待、当作8.original 最初的、原始的（衍生词：9.origin 起源、根源-名词，10.originate 起源、发生-动词11.invention 发明12.invent 发明、创造-动词13.percentage 百分比、百分率14.conventional 习俗的、传统的15.traditional 传统的16.orthodox 正统地17.conservative 保守的18.elite 精锐、精华19.crisis 危机20.unfair 不公平的（衍生词：fair）公平的-形容词）21.decrease 减少、降低（衍生词：reduce, diminish, cut back, fall, drop）22.negative 被动的（反义词：positive 主动的）23.synonym 同义词24.overcrowding 拥挤的、阻塞的25.approve 赞成、同意26.chilling 恐怖的27.purchaser 消费者28.purchase 消费-动词，29.purchasing 消费的-形容词30.violent 暴力的、强烈的（衍生词：violence 暴力-名词）31.whereby 凭什么、为何pensation 补偿（衍生词：compensate 偿还、补偿-动词33.favorable 赞成的、有利的34.traffic 交通35.congestion 拥塞（同义词：jam, conjunction, gridlock）36.cycling 骑脚踏车（衍生词：bicycle 脚踏车，cyclist 骑脚踏车的人）37.stuck 被粘住的（衍生词：stuck是stick的过去式和过去分词）38.breathe 呼吸、发出39.diesel 柴油机、柴油味40.fume （浓烈或难闻的）烟、气mute （乘坐交通工具）往来42.college 大学、学院43.issue 问题；发行44.despite 不论、尽管45.flyover过街天桥ne 街道、车道（同义词street, road, avenue, pathway）47.consideration 考虑、体谅（衍生词：consider 考虑、体谅-动词，considerable 值得考虑的、数量相当大的-形容词，considerate 考虑周到的-形容词）48.car-friendly 汽车友好型的49.humble 微贱的、粗陋的50.restrict 限制Cambridge4 TEST11.ignore=pay no attention=not pay any attention=take no notice=not take anynotice忽略，无视v.2.encounter=face=confront=meet遇见，遭遇v.3.mistaken view=misconception错误的观点n.4.easy to reach=accessible容易达到的adj.5.change=modify(modification) 改变v.6.destruction=destroy=loss毁坏n.7.investigate=make inquiries=enquiries=go into=probe=look into 调查v.8.where=geographical location 表地点9.important=vital=essential=crucial重要的adj.10.reason=cause=factor=origins=root=stimulus=impetus原因n.11.protect=guard=safeguard=shield=conservation保护v.12.newspapers, television=media媒体n.13.where to live=habitat居住地n.14.get warmer=global warming变暖n.15.contribute to=play a part有助于v.16.survive=continuing existence幸存，活下来v.17.curriculum=course=syllabus课程n.18.link to=be connected with=be linked with把…和…相联系v.19.underdeveloped=degenerated=rudimentary不发达的adj.20.poor=bad=badly=not very good=no good at something=weak贫穷的，可怜的adj.21.exceptional=good=excellent=outstanding=brilliant=impressive=admirable超常的，例外的adj.22.mating=courtship交配.23.follow=track=tail=shadow=hound=stalk=stalker跟随，跟踪v.24.good vision ability=vision is obviously more useful…好的视力25.best=well=greatest=finest=ideal=top=number one=ultimate=optimum=definitive=unsurpassed=record-breaking极好的adj.26.surprised=amazed=astonished=astounded=be taken aback=startled感到惊讶的adj.27.volunteer=subject实验研究对象n.28.similar=resemble=like=alike相似的adj.29.blind=can not see瞎的adj.Cambridge4 TEST21.initiative=on your own/by yourself=independently=on your owninitiative=under your own steam=to be the person who startssomething=plan=law主动的，自发的adj. 主动权n.2.increase=go up=rise=grow=climb=gain=escalate=pick up=widen=be on theincrease=intensify=expand=build up上升，增加v.3.teach=educate=train=coach=instruct=bring up教学v.4.more than one language=bilingual=sb's second language多种语言n.5.determine=establish=identify=pinpoint=diagnose 决定v.6.young people=teenager=youth=in your teens=adolescent=minor年轻人n.munity=all the people in a particular area, city, country etc.群体，团体，社区n.8.traditional=old-fashioned=outdated=outmoded=unfashionable传统的adj.9.fail=failure=not succeed=unsuccessful=vain=fruitless=unproductive=be afailure=go wrong=not work=do no good=fall through失败v.10.endanger=to put someone or something in danger of beinghurt=damaged=destroyed危及，使危险v.11.diverse=varied=variety=wide-ranging=mixed各种各样的adj.12.inevitable=certain to happen and impossible to avoid不可避免的adj.13.differ from=unusual与…不同v.14.reluctant=unwilling=not willing=drag your feet=be loath to dosomething=conservative勉强的adj.15.consult=ask somebody's advice=seek advice=get/obtain advice资询v.16.alternative=another=other=different=new=else=variation=variant另一个17.therapist=someone who has been trained to give a particular form oftreatment for physical or mental illness临床医学家n.18.retrain=taking courses再教育v.19.salary=pay=wage=income=earnings=fee工资，收入n.20.long-term=chronic=long-running=long-standing=lasting=lifelong=prolonged=lingering=enduring=abiding=incurable长期的adj.plaint=complain=make a complaint=protest=object=complain抱怨n.22.illness=disease=virus=bug=infection疾病n.23.connection=relationship=link=correlation联系n.24.beneficial=be good for you/ do somebodygood=wholesome=nutritious=nourishing=healthful有益的adj.25.insight=comprehension=understanding理解，见解n.26.physical=relating to the body=bodily身体的adj.27.hazard=risk=danger=threat障碍，危险n.28.accompany=with=together=along with=come wit陪伴,伴随29.mental=relating to the health or state of someone's mind精神上的，心理的adj.30.possible=possibility=can=potential=there is a chance/possibility可能的adj.31.reduction=decrease=drop=fall=cut 减少n.32.class=type=kind=sort=style=category=variety种类n.33.rehearsal=practice=training=run-through=exercise排练，演习n.34.peer=your peers are the people who are the same age as you, or who havethe same type of job, social class etc同伴n.35.defensive=used or intended to protect someone or something againstattack 防御n.36.strategy=way=method=approach=technique=system=tactics 方法，功略n.37.assist=help=aid=with the aid of帮助v.38.specific=give (somebody) more details=expand on=enlarge on=go intomore=greater detail=be more specific=be more explicit=elaborate特定的adj.39.substance=a particular type of solid, liquid, or gas 物质n.40.surroundings=environment=circumstance 环境n.41.engage=give somebody a job=employ=take on=appoint=recruit=sign up雇佣v.bine=mix=stir=beat=blend=whisk=dilute联合v.43.survival=the state of continuing to live or exist幸存n.Cambridge4 TEST31.quotation= a sentence or phrase from a book, speech etc which you repeat ina speech or piece of writing because it is interesting or amusing 引言n.2.exemplify= example=case=instance=to be a very typical example ofsomething=to give an example of something 例证v.3.explain=tell=say what/why/where etc=show=demonstrate=gothrough=throw/shed light on=set out解释v.4.outline= to describe something in a general way, giving the main points butnot the details概述v.5.purpose=aim=point=idea=objective=object=goal= target=end目的n.6.encourage=persuade=persuasion=get somebody to dosomething=influence=encourage=talk somebody into=put somebody up to鼓励v.7.loan= an amount of money that you borrow from a bank etc. 贷款n.8.poverty= being poor贫穷n.9.crime= illegal activities in general犯罪n.10.reject=to refuse to accept, believe in, or agree with something 拒绝v.11.employ=give somebody a job=take on=engage= appoint=recruit=sign up雇佣v.12.courier=a person or company that is paid to take packages somewhere快递员n.13.storage=keep=store=keep something in storage=preserve 存储n.14.facility=rooms, equipment, or services that are provided for a particularpurpose 设备n.15.ambitious=ambition=power-hungry/power-mad=competitive= determinedto be successful, rich, powerful etc.有志向的，雄心壮志的adj.16.effort=to try very hard to do something= attempt=campaign=drive努力n.17.feature= a part of something that you notice because it seems important,interesting, or typical；a part of the land, especially a part that you can see: a part of someone's face, such as their eyes, nose etc特点n.18.planet= the world=earth/Earth=the globe 地球n.19.unpredictable=can't say/tell=unforeseeable=it remains to be seen 无法预测的adj.20.machinery=machines, especially large ones= a system or set of processes fordoing something=machine=device=robot=appliance=mechanism 机械n.21.ultimate=someone's ultimate aim is their main and most important aim, thatthey hope to achieve in the future= final最终的，根本的adj.22.atmosphere= the feeling that an event or place gives you= the mixture ofgases that surrounds the Earth气氛; 大气n.23.occur=happen=take place=there is=come about=come up=turnup=arise=strike发生v.24.expand= get bigger=grow=swell up=stretch扩张，扩大v.25.form= type= way something is/appears=shape形式n.26.emerge=appear=become visible=come into view/come into sight=comeout=reappear 出现v.27.emit= to send out gas, heat, light, sound etc 发出，放射n.28.situation= circumstances=position=case=plight情况，状况n.29.self-conscious=worried and embarrassed about what you look like or whatother people think of you自觉的n.30.generate= to make someone have a particular feeling=form=produce=create 产生v.31.various=there are several different types of that thing=different=a variety ofsomething=differing=varying=an assortment of something=assorted=a mix of something=a mixture of something各种各样的adj.32.convenient= a thing or way of doing something that is easy and quick; a timeor arrangement that is convenient 方便的adj.33.objective=impartial=neutral=not take sides=unbiased=disinterested客观的adj.34.enquiry=investigate=make inquiries/enquiries=go into=probe=lookinto=solve=be under investigation 调查35.observe=notice=can see/can tell=see=spot=detect=note becomeaware/conscious=catch somebody's eye=perceive观察v.ment=remark=thing to say=point=statement=announcement=declaration=observation评论37.include=consist of=comprise=be composed of= be made up of包含，包括v.38.focus on=deals only with=concentrate专注于v.39.affect=have an effect=have an impact=take effect= make adifference=impact影响v.40.gained from=come from=be based on=originate= go back to=have itsorigins in=have its roots in=derive from/be derived from=developfrom/evolve from产生于…. V.41.concern=worry=stress=anxiety=strain= a feeling of worry about somethingimportant关心，担心n.Cambridge4 TEST41.official=formal=authorized=on (the) record官方的，正式的adj.2.athletic=physically strong and good at sport=fit=be in shape=be in goodcondition运动的adj.3.intensive=involving a lot of activity, effort, or careful attention in a shortperiod of time=rapid=crash course密集的，加强的adj.4.burst=a short sudden effort or increase in activity=burst ofanger/enthusiasm/temper etc 爆炸，突发5.recognize=know=identify=pick out=tell认出，承认v.6.inadequate=not enough=too little=few=scarce=insufficient=be in shortsupply=lack of something=be short 不足的adj.7.develop=come from=be based on=originate=go back to=have its originsin=have its roots in=derive from=be derived from=be founded on=grow out of=develop from=evolve from发展，生长v.8.enable=make something possible=allow=permit=pave the way for=clear theway for使能够v.9.predict=anticipate=forecast=foretell=prediction=projected=guess inadvance预测v.10.specialist=someone who knows a lot about a particular subject, or is veryskilled at it=expert专家n.11.theoretical=relating to the study of ideas, especially scientific ideas, ratherthan with practical uses of the ideas or practical experience理论的adj.12.basic=fundamental=essential=central=underlying=simple=crude=primitive=rudimentary=unsophisticated=low-tech基本的adj.13.nature=plants/animals etc=somebody's character=qualities ofsomething=type自然n.14.aim=purpose=point=idea=objective=object=goal=target=end目的n.15.translate=change languages=interpret=put something intoEnglish/French/Japanese etc翻译v.16.ancient=belonging to a time long ago in history, especially thousands of yearsago 古老的adj.17.realistic=when pictures, films etc make things seem real=lifelike=realism=trueto life=vivid实际的，现实的18.field=area=branch=world=domain=realm=sphere领域n.19.document=a piece of paper that has official information on it；a piece ofwritten work that is stored on a computer文件n.20.equal=the same in number, amount, level etc as something else平等的adj.21.influence=effect=side effect=impact=what something does to=theimplications 影响n.22.behavior=manner=conduct=behave=well-behaved=good=be on yourbest=stay out of trouble行为n.pare=to examine or judge two or more things in order to show how theyare similar to or different from each other=liken=make a comparison=draw an analogy=draw a parallel=contrast 比较v.24.economically=in a way that is related to systems of money, trade, or business经济上地adv.25.establish=determine=identify=pinpoint=diagnose=to start a new business ororganization.建立新的生意/组织v.26.sustainable=able to continue without causing damage to the environment;able to continue for a long time可持续的adj.27.realize=know=be/become aware=can tell=appreciate=be conscious=knowperfectly well=know/learn from experience意识到v.28.limit=restrict=set/impose/put a limit=keep to/keep within=confine=fix 限制29.produce=form=create=generate生产v.30.guarantee=promise=assure=give somebody your word=swear=vow=committo=pledge保证v.31.liberty=freedom=a free hand自由n.32.independence=self-sufficiency=self-reliance 独立n.33.consistent=always behaving in the same way or having the same attitudes,standards etc - usually used to show approval持续的adj.34.underestimate=to think or guess that something is smaller, cheaper, easieretc than it really is=to think that someone is not as good, clever, or skilful, as they really are低估v.35.provision=when you provide something that someone needs now or in thefuture 提供n.Cambridge5 TEST11.produce=develop=manufacture生产v.2.central=middle中心的adj.3.did not have=without没有v.4.bring=confer=award=present=grant=confer=allocate=offer带来v.5.time limit=deadline时间限制，期限n.6.increase=go up/rise=grow=climb=gain=escalate=expand=pickup=widen=intensify=build up增加7.assistant=helper=coach 助手n.8.immense=big=major=considerable=great=huge/enormous=tremendous=large scale/large-scale巨大的adj.9.illustrate=show=be a sign=demonstrate=mean=make clear=reflect=tell=beevidence=reveal 表明，显示v.10.quotation=a phrase or sentence that is well-known or often used 引用语n.11.predecessor=someone who had your job before you started doing it 前辈，前任n.12.rival=a person, group, or organization that you compete with in sport,business, a fight etc=competitor 对手，竞争者n.13.distraction=something that stops you paying attention to what you are doing分心的事物n.14.fault=defect=problem=trouble=flaw=weakness =bug=virus=be somethingwrong with 错误，缺点15.cornerstone=basis=foundation=the key 基石n.16.confer=award=present=grant=allocate 给予v.17.stability=the condition of being steady and not changing稳定n.18.prevail=win=come out on top=prevail=carry the day流行,获胜v.19.contract=agreement=understanding=compromise 合约n.20.grant=award=present=confer=allocate给予v.21.fascinate=if someone or something fascinates you, you are attracted to themand think they are extremely interesting吸引，使着迷v.22.disturb=interrupt=bother=distract=put somebody off 打扰v.23.expect=think=anticipate预期，期待v.24.psychology=the study of the mind and how it influences people's behavior 心理学n.25.obey=comply with=abide by=keep to=stick to the rules=conformto=observe=respect=toe the line=go by the book/do something by the book 服从，顺从v.26.identity=someone's identity is their name or who they are 身份n.27.severity=used of the degree of something undesirable 严重性n.28.unfold=open=happen=develop=expand 展开，发生v.29.deliberately=intentionally=on purpose=purposely故意地adv.30.moral=relating to the principles of what is right and wrong behavior, and withthe difference between good and evil 道德上的，与道德有关的adj.31.prior to=before=previous在…前面32.repetition=doing or saying the same thing many times重复n.33.genetic=relating to genes or genetics基因的，遗传学的adj.34.sacrifice=when you decide not to have something valuable, in order to getsomething that is more important牺牲v.35.victim=someone who has been attacked, robbed, or murdered受害者n.36.forge=form=counterfeit 形成;伪造v.37.persuade=convince=win over=talk around 说服v.38.surrender=give in 投降，放弃v.39.extinct=an extinct type of animal or plant does not existanymore=disappear=vanish灭绝的，绝种的adj.40.abundant=plenty=ample 充裕的，丰富的adj.41.exaggerate=overstate夸张，夸大v.42.phenomenon=something that happens or exists in society, science, or nature,especially something that is studied because it is difficult to understand 现象n.43.perception=idea=notion=view=belief=insight 认识，观念，看法n.44.impression=infection=effect=influence=affection印象，感想n.45.entitle=to give someone the official right to do or have something 使某人有权利/资格v.46.distortion=a change for the worse=deformation扭曲，曲解v.47.dispose=to arrange things or put them in theirplaces=arrange=settle=manage=cope with=deal with 安排，处理v.48.intuition=the ability to understand or know something because of a feelingrather than by considering the facts=instinct 直觉n.49.emission=a gas or other substance that is sent into the air排放物，散发物n.50.diminish=reduce=decrease=fall=lessen=cut 减少，减小v.51.postpone=put back=delay=adjourn 延期，推迟v.52.crucial=important=critical=vital=necessary=essential 至关重要的adj.53.pessimistic=expecting that bad things will happen in the future or thatsomething will have a bad result=getting worse悲观的adj.54.attempt=purpose=order=effort 尝试，努力Cambridge5 TEST21.similar=like=resemble相似的adj.2.derive=originate=come from=stem from起源v.3.impetus=momentum=stimulus=incentive=motivation=encouragement 动机，动力n.4.generate=produce=bring into existence=make=manufacture产生v.5.couple with=and=accompany=with 伴随v.6.factor=reason=element=component=ingredient 因素n.7.unique=have the distinction=distinct=different=extraordinary=special独特的adj.8.advance=progress=development=growth=increase进步n.9.field=domain=territory=industry=sector领域n.10.alternative=substitute=replacement替代物n.11.like=such as=for example=for instance 例如12.resource=material=source资源，来源n.13.limited=restricted=exhaustible=finite有限的adj.14.involve=rely on=contain=comprise 包含，牵涉v.15.current=modern=recent=present最近的adj.16.particular=extraordinary=special=detail=specific=unique特别的，独有的adj.17.draw on=absorb=do with吸收v.18.settle on=make choice of=decide on选定v.19.superiority=advantage=edge=high quality优势n.20.accompany=when=keep company=be associated with 陪伴，伴随v.。