沈大中-变压器有载分接开关原理和应用1
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I P1
操作程序– 电抗式有载分接开关 (VACUTAP RMV)
P4
preventive auto transformer
P2 I
VI
P3
non-bridging position
stationary bridging position
non-bridging position MR R&D SHen
沈阳沈变所变压器技术培训学校STC 开德贸易(上海)有限公司MRT 联合举办变压器分接开关使用维护培训班
电力变压器有载分接开关 原理及应用 ( 第一部分 )
德国MR应用工程部经理、中国事务高级顾问 德国 MR 公司 沈大中博士 沈大中
2009年04月15日
目录
1. 有载分接开关的作用 2. 调压原理 3. 基本开关原理 4. 设计原理 5. 基本调压线路 6. 分接开关分类 1. 电阻式有载分接开关 (OILTAP) 2. 真空式有载分接开关 (VACUTAP)
OILTAP MS III 300
Change-over selector
Connection leads Connection terminals for tap windings Potential switch
MR R&D SHen
Tie-in resistors
Date Page 9
6.2
3. 组合式和复合式
4. 干式有载分接开关 (VACUTAP AVT ) 7. 电抗式有载分接开关 8. 分接操作程序 1. 电阻式切换开关 (OILTAP M) 2. 电抗式有载分接开关 (VACUTAP RMV) 9. 电抗式和电阻式有载分接开关的比较 10. 有载分接开关的操作频率
MR R&D SHen Date Page 2
P1, P4: tap selector contacts P2, P3: by-pass switch contacts VI vacuum interrupter
Date Page 16
9. 电抗式和电阻式有载分接开关的比较
Resistor type Mechanic stress: Inspection interval: Highest voltage for equipment Um: Maximum voltage tap to tap: Maximum through-current: No. of tap selector contacts: No. of operating positions: Motor drive running time per operation: Temperature range of oil: - service in arctic regions high 40,000 .. 150,000 op. 72.5 .. 362 kV 1000 .. 4000 V 300 .. 3000 A 9, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 22 up to ± 17 2) app. 5.4 s -25 °C .. +105 °C - 40 °C (V, M, R) Reactor type 1) low 500,000 op. 15 .. 69 kV 2000 V 600 .. 2500 A 9 ± 16 ( x 1000 V 3)) app. 2 s 4) - 25 °C .. + 105 °C - 40°C 5)
MR R&D SHen
Duration of switching sequence: app. 40 .. 70 ms. All contacts of diverter switch operate by a single spring accumulator unit.
Date
Page 15
8.2
1) Preventive auto transformer is not delivered by MR, transformer manufacturer has to install the preventive auto transformer 2) With multiple coarse change-over arrangement up to 105 operating positions 3) Bridging position could be used as continuous position. Number of service positions is then doubled. Change of output voltage is only half of the tap to tap voltage 4) from bridging to non-bridging position 5) Product of tap to tap voltage and through-current is limited to 1000 kVA Note: VACUTAP® RMV has max. 3 tie-in resistors as standard tie-in measure, Permissible recovery voltage: 20 kV, Permissible switching current: 80 mA without / 100 mA with tie-in resistors
MR R&D SHen
Date
Page 11
6.4
干式有载分接开关 (VACUTAP AVT )
Motor drive unit
Own housing
Vacuum interrupters
Arc detection sensor
Tap selector Transition resistors
MR R&D SHen Date Page 12
1. 有载分接开关的作用
在负载条件下通过改变变压器变比实现不间断地电压调节和/或移相
1. 补偿电压波动
2. 调节功率 3. 提高系统性能 4. 提高设备的安全和寿命 5. 改善电能质量
MR R&D SHen
Date
Page 3
2. 调压原理
高压绕组
Us:级电压 I: 通过电流
有载分接开关通过增加或减少一 次或二次绕组的匝数来改变变压 器的变比。因此，变压器要配置 一个调压绕组或分接绕组与有载 分接开关相连。
低压绕组
调压变压器Y接绕组布置
MR R&D SHen
Date
Page 4
3. 基本开关原理
I:通过电流
电抗原理
限流自耦变压 器
电弧
电阻原理
限流电阻
单触头开关系统负载中断
MR R&D SHen
使用过渡阻抗的基本开关原理“先接（2）后断（1）”
Date Page 5
4. 设计原理
分接选择器
切换开关
带分接选择器切换开关 (电弧开关)OILTAP ® M型
Tap selector (type M)
MR R&D SHen
Date
Page 10
6.3
组合式和复合式
VACUTAP VV III
On-load tap-changer: Device for changing the tap of a winding, suitable for operation whilst the transformer is energized or on load Tap selector: Device designed to carry, but not to make or break, current, used in conjunction with a diverter switch to select tap connections Diverter switch: Switching device used in conjunction with a tap selector to carry, make or break currents in circuits which have already been selected
真空式有载分接开关 (VACUTAP)
Diverter switch
VACUTAP® VRC, VRE
Insulation to ground Oil compartment (Diverter switch)
Spring accumulator
Vacuum interrupters
Main contacts Transition resistor Surge arrestor
Off-circuit tap-changer (OCTC) Reactor type OLTC Compartment type (air environment)
• Diverter switch + tap selector (RMV-II, RMV-A)
•
Other type (dry type transformer)
OILTAPs: V, M, MS, R, RM, G
OILTAPs: V, M, MS, R, RM, G
OILTAPs: V, M, MS, R, RM, G
OILTAPs: M
VACUTAPs: AVT, VT, VV, RMV, VR
VACUTAPs: VV, RMV, VR
VACUTAPs: VV, RMV, VR
MR R&D SHen
选择开关（电弧分接开关）OILTAP ® V型
Date Page 6
5. 基本调压线路
Without change-over selector With reversing change-over selector With coarse change-over selector With multiple coarse changeover selector
VACUTAPs: VR
Switching sequence of tap selector of type M for reversing switch change-over selector
MR R&D SHen
7. Switching sequence of tap selector of type M
• Diverter switch + tap selector (AVT, VT)
Date Page 8
MR R&D SHen
6.1
油浸式有载分接开关 (OILTAP)
OILTAP R I 2002
Connection for the protective device RS Insulation to ground Diverter switch, transition resistor Tap selector
OILTAP V III
Selector switch: Switching device capable of making, carrying and breaking current, combining the duties of a tap selector and a diverter switch
for coarse-fine change-over selector
Date Page 7
6. 分接开关分类
Tap-changer
On-load tap-changer (OLTC) Resistor type OLTC In-tank type (liquid environment)
• Diverter switch + tap selector (M, MS, RM, R, V V, G) Selector switch (V)
MR R&D SHen Date Page 13
7. 分接操作程序
MR R&D SHen
Date
Page 14
8.1
操作程序– 电阻式切换开关 (OILTAP M)
I
Ust R R R R R R R R
I
R
R
R
R
R
R
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
R
R
main contact main switching contact transition contact R transition resistor
6.5
电抗式有载分接开关
Own housing with motor drive
Tap-changer oil compartment and vacuum interrupters, linear drive mechanism
Tap selector selector switch change-over selector connecting-board Note: Reactor is not delivered by MR
操作程序– 电抗式有载分接开关 (VACUTAP RMV)
P4
preventive auto transformer
P2 I
VI
P3
non-bridging position
stationary bridging position
non-bridging position MR R&D SHen
沈阳沈变所变压器技术培训学校STC 开德贸易(上海)有限公司MRT 联合举办变压器分接开关使用维护培训班
电力变压器有载分接开关 原理及应用 ( 第一部分 )
德国MR应用工程部经理、中国事务高级顾问 德国 MR 公司 沈大中博士 沈大中
2009年04月15日
目录
1. 有载分接开关的作用 2. 调压原理 3. 基本开关原理 4. 设计原理 5. 基本调压线路 6. 分接开关分类 1. 电阻式有载分接开关 (OILTAP) 2. 真空式有载分接开关 (VACUTAP)
OILTAP MS III 300
Change-over selector
Connection leads Connection terminals for tap windings Potential switch
MR R&D SHen
Tie-in resistors
Date Page 9
6.2
3. 组合式和复合式
4. 干式有载分接开关 (VACUTAP AVT ) 7. 电抗式有载分接开关 8. 分接操作程序 1. 电阻式切换开关 (OILTAP M) 2. 电抗式有载分接开关 (VACUTAP RMV) 9. 电抗式和电阻式有载分接开关的比较 10. 有载分接开关的操作频率
MR R&D SHen Date Page 2
P1, P4: tap selector contacts P2, P3: by-pass switch contacts VI vacuum interrupter
Date Page 16
9. 电抗式和电阻式有载分接开关的比较
Resistor type Mechanic stress: Inspection interval: Highest voltage for equipment Um: Maximum voltage tap to tap: Maximum through-current: No. of tap selector contacts: No. of operating positions: Motor drive running time per operation: Temperature range of oil: - service in arctic regions high 40,000 .. 150,000 op. 72.5 .. 362 kV 1000 .. 4000 V 300 .. 3000 A 9, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 22 up to ± 17 2) app. 5.4 s -25 °C .. +105 °C - 40 °C (V, M, R) Reactor type 1) low 500,000 op. 15 .. 69 kV 2000 V 600 .. 2500 A 9 ± 16 ( x 1000 V 3)) app. 2 s 4) - 25 °C .. + 105 °C - 40°C 5)
MR R&D SHen
Duration of switching sequence: app. 40 .. 70 ms. All contacts of diverter switch operate by a single spring accumulator unit.
Date
Page 15
8.2
1) Preventive auto transformer is not delivered by MR, transformer manufacturer has to install the preventive auto transformer 2) With multiple coarse change-over arrangement up to 105 operating positions 3) Bridging position could be used as continuous position. Number of service positions is then doubled. Change of output voltage is only half of the tap to tap voltage 4) from bridging to non-bridging position 5) Product of tap to tap voltage and through-current is limited to 1000 kVA Note: VACUTAP® RMV has max. 3 tie-in resistors as standard tie-in measure, Permissible recovery voltage: 20 kV, Permissible switching current: 80 mA without / 100 mA with tie-in resistors
MR R&D SHen
Date
Page 11
6.4
干式有载分接开关 (VACUTAP AVT )
Motor drive unit
Own housing
Vacuum interrupters
Arc detection sensor
Tap selector Transition resistors
MR R&D SHen Date Page 12
1. 有载分接开关的作用
在负载条件下通过改变变压器变比实现不间断地电压调节和/或移相
1. 补偿电压波动
2. 调节功率 3. 提高系统性能 4. 提高设备的安全和寿命 5. 改善电能质量
MR R&D SHen
Date
Page 3
2. 调压原理
高压绕组
Us:级电压 I: 通过电流
有载分接开关通过增加或减少一 次或二次绕组的匝数来改变变压 器的变比。因此，变压器要配置 一个调压绕组或分接绕组与有载 分接开关相连。
低压绕组
调压变压器Y接绕组布置
MR R&D SHen
Date
Page 4
3. 基本开关原理
I:通过电流
电抗原理
限流自耦变压 器
电弧
电阻原理
限流电阻
单触头开关系统负载中断
MR R&D SHen
使用过渡阻抗的基本开关原理“先接（2）后断（1）”
Date Page 5
4. 设计原理
分接选择器
切换开关
带分接选择器切换开关 (电弧开关)OILTAP ® M型
Tap selector (type M)
MR R&D SHen
Date
Page 10
6.3
组合式和复合式
VACUTAP VV III
On-load tap-changer: Device for changing the tap of a winding, suitable for operation whilst the transformer is energized or on load Tap selector: Device designed to carry, but not to make or break, current, used in conjunction with a diverter switch to select tap connections Diverter switch: Switching device used in conjunction with a tap selector to carry, make or break currents in circuits which have already been selected
真空式有载分接开关 (VACUTAP)
Diverter switch
VACUTAP® VRC, VRE
Insulation to ground Oil compartment (Diverter switch)
Spring accumulator
Vacuum interrupters
Main contacts Transition resistor Surge arrestor
Off-circuit tap-changer (OCTC) Reactor type OLTC Compartment type (air environment)
• Diverter switch + tap selector (RMV-II, RMV-A)
•
Other type (dry type transformer)
OILTAPs: V, M, MS, R, RM, G
OILTAPs: V, M, MS, R, RM, G
OILTAPs: V, M, MS, R, RM, G
OILTAPs: M
VACUTAPs: AVT, VT, VV, RMV, VR
VACUTAPs: VV, RMV, VR
VACUTAPs: VV, RMV, VR
MR R&D SHen
选择开关（电弧分接开关）OILTAP ® V型
Date Page 6
5. 基本调压线路
Without change-over selector With reversing change-over selector With coarse change-over selector With multiple coarse changeover selector
VACUTAPs: VR
Switching sequence of tap selector of type M for reversing switch change-over selector
MR R&D SHen
7. Switching sequence of tap selector of type M
• Diverter switch + tap selector (AVT, VT)
Date Page 8
MR R&D SHen
6.1
油浸式有载分接开关 (OILTAP)
OILTAP R I 2002
Connection for the protective device RS Insulation to ground Diverter switch, transition resistor Tap selector
OILTAP V III
Selector switch: Switching device capable of making, carrying and breaking current, combining the duties of a tap selector and a diverter switch
for coarse-fine change-over selector
Date Page 7
6. 分接开关分类
Tap-changer
On-load tap-changer (OLTC) Resistor type OLTC In-tank type (liquid environment)
• Diverter switch + tap selector (M, MS, RM, R, V V, G) Selector switch (V)
MR R&D SHen Date Page 13
7. 分接操作程序
MR R&D SHen
Date
Page 14
8.1
操作程序– 电阻式切换开关 (OILTAP M)
I
Ust R R R R R R R R
I
R
R
R
R
R
R
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
R
R
main contact main switching contact transition contact R transition resistor
6.5
电抗式有载分接开关
Own housing with motor drive
Tap-changer oil compartment and vacuum interrupters, linear drive mechanism
Tap selector selector switch change-over selector connecting-board Note: Reactor is not delivered by MR