A Memorable Night——一个难忘的夜晚
浅析文化层面上的语义翻译和交际翻译
第25卷 第6期Vol .25 No .6 中州大学学报JOURNAL OF ZHONGZ HOU UN I V ERSI TY 2008年12月Dec .2008 浅析文化层面上的语义翻译和交际翻译陈晶晶,姜小娜(河南大学外语学院,开封475001)收稿日期:2008-10-11作者简介:陈晶晶(1981—),女,河南商丘人,英语语言学硕士,河南大学外语学院助教,主要从事认知语言学研究。
摘 要:语义翻译和交际翻译是英国翻译家纽马克提出的两种重要的翻译方法。
本文概述了二者的理论来源及不同之处,并对纽马克有关翻译中的内容与形式的问题,提出质疑和拙见。
翻译是一种跨文化交流,本文在纽马克有关文化用语翻译的论述的基础上,针对英汉翻译实际,浅析了在不同层面上如何处理翻译中的文化成分。
关键词:语义翻译;交际翻译;内容与形式;文化中图分类号:H059 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1008-3715(2008)06-0073-04 彼得・纽马克(Peter Ne wmark )是英国著名的翻译理论家、教育家,他的翻译理论以简明扼要、短小精悍见长。
纽马克属于实践型理论家,他的理论不是不着边际的空中楼阁,而是始终从细微处入手讨论翻译,以期从中总结出一些规律来指导翻译实践。
纽马克称语义翻译和交际翻译是他“对普通翻译理论最主要的贡献”。
[1]奈达评论说,纽马克详细分析了语义翻译和交际翻译。
语义翻译重在传达原文的语义内容,交际翻译则注重读者的理解和反应。
纽马克照顾到了文本的广泛差异性,这使以上两种不同的翻译法显得特别重要。
一、语义翻译和交际翻译的理论来源翻译理论的灵感常常来自于哲学。
纽马克提出语义翻译法和交际翻译法是采纳了弗哥茨基(Vygotsky )关于思维本质的阐述:“内心言语本身就是一种功能,而不是外在言语的内在表现。
在很大程度上,内心言语才是纯粹意义上的思维。
”(I nner s peech is not the interi or as pect of externals peech,it is a functi on in itself .It is,t o a large extent,thinkingin puring meanings .)[2]177这为纽马克提供了区分语义翻译和交际翻译的根据。
最难忘的晚餐作文 英语
The Most Memorable DinnerAs I reflect on the various dinners I have enjoyed throughout my life, one particular evening stands out as the most memorable. It was a simple meal, yet it was imbued with such profound emotions and life lessons that it has forever etched itself in my memory.The setting was an intimate restaurant in the heart of the city, with soft lighting and cozy tables. The atmosphere was perfect for a special occasion, and this dinner was indeed a celebration. It marked the conclusion of a challenging project at work, one that had brought my colleagues and I together in a shared quest for excellence. The menu was a blend of traditional and contemporary cuisine, a testament to the chef's dedication to innovation while maintaining the essence of classic flavors. Each dish was a masterpiece in its own right, carefully crafted to刺激the senses and provoke thoughts.As we dined, the conversation flowed freely between us, covering a range of topics from work to personal anecdotes. Laughter and good humor filled the air, creating a bondthat was stronger than any professional relationship. It was as if we were not just colleagues, but friends who had shared a journey together.However, it was not just the food or the conversation that made this dinner memorable. It was the emotional connection we felt towards each other, the understanding that we were all striving towards the same goal, and the realization that, together, we were capable of achieving anything.As the evening drew to a close, we raised our glasses in a toast to our success, promising to continue our collaboration in future projects. That moment, with the warm glow of the candles and the smiles on our faces, was truly unforgettable.In hindsight, I realize that the true value of that dinner lay not in the opulence of the setting or the sophistication of the cuisine, but in the warmth of the human connections we made. It was a reminder that, in the fast-paced world of work, it is these moments of camaraderie and shared experience that truly matter.As the years go by, I cherish the memories of that evening and the lessons it taught me about teamwork, perseverance, and the power of human connection. It remains the most memorable dinner in my life, not just for the flavors it left on my tongue, but for the impressions it made on my heart.**最难忘的晚餐**回顾我一生中享用过的各种晚餐，有一个特别的夜晚尤为难忘。
英文小作文关于新年快乐
英文小作文关于新年快乐很高兴能和大家一起分享新年快乐的心情。
新年对我来说是一个特别的日子，因为它代表着新的开始和希望。
在新年的时候，我喜欢和家人朋友一起聚在一起，共度快乐的时光。
英文：I am very happy to share the joy of the New Year with everyone. The New Year is a special day for me because it represents a new beginning and hope. During the New Year, I like to gather with family and friends to enjoy the happy time together.中文：新年对我来说是一个特别的日子，因为它代表着新的开始和希望。
在新年的时候，我喜欢和家人朋友一起聚在一起，共度快乐的时光。
英文：One of my favorite traditions during the New Year is to make resolutions for the upcoming year. It's a time for meto reflect on the past year and think about what I want to achieve in the future. For example, last year I made a resolution to travel more and I was able to visit several new places, which was really exciting.中文：我最喜欢的新年传统之一就是为即将到来的一年制定新的计划。
这是我反思过去一年并思考未来想要实现的目标的时候。
比如，去年我立下了更多旅行的计划，我成功地去了几个新的地方，这真的很令人兴奋。
难忘的除夕夜优秀英语作文
难忘的除夕夜优秀英语作文English Version (Approx. 1500 words)Title: An Unforgettable New Year's EveThe night was alive with the crackle of fireworks, the laughter of children, and the clatter of dishes as families gathered to celebratethe most important evening of the year – New Year's Eve. It was a night I would never forget, a night that was etched in the annals of my memory with the indelible ink of joy and warmth.The PreparationsThe day had begun with a flurry of activity as my family and I prepared for the evening's festivities. The house was filled with the aroma of roasting meats and simmering stews, a symphony of scents that wafted through the air, promising a feast to come. My mother, the consummate hostess, was in her element, directing the cooking with a practiced hand while my father and I took charge of decorating the house. Red lanterns and paper cuttings adorned the windows and doors, symbolsof good fortune and prosperity for the coming year.The FeastAs the sun set and the first stars began to twinkle in the night sky, we sat down to the New Year's Eve feast. The table was laden with a bounty of dishes – from the steaming hot pot to the crispy roast duck, each dish was a testament to the culinary traditions of our family. The highlight of the meal, however, was the dumplings. As we ate, we shared stories of the past year and laughed at the mischief of our childhood antics. The dumplings were more than just food; they were a vessel for our shared memories and a promise of good fortune in the year ahead.The FireworksAfter the meal, we stepped out into the chill night air to watchthe fireworks display. The sky was a canvas of black velvet, and the fireworks were the brushstrokes of a celestial artist. Each explosion of color was met with oohs and aahs from the crowd, the children's faces illuminated by the light of the pyrotechnics. For me, the fireworks werenot just a spectacle; they were a symbol of hope and renewal, a sign that the old year had passed and a new one was beginning.The CountdownAs the night wore on, we huddled together, our breaths visible in the cold air, and began the countdown to the New Year. Ten, nine, eight... each number was a heartbeat closer to the start of a new chapter in our lives. When the clock struck midnight, we cheered and hugged one another, our faces aglow with the excitement of the moment. It was a moment of unity, a moment when we were all connected by the simple act of counting down together.The ReflectionsThe ResolutionsWith the New Year came new resolutions, new promises to myself to be better, to do better, and to make the most of the year ahead. I made a pledge to cherish the moments with my family, to pursue my passions with vigor, and to face the challenges with courage. As I wrote my resolutions down, I felt a renewed sense of purpose and determination.ConclusionThat New Year's Eve was truly unforgettable. It was a night that brought us together, that filled our hearts with joy, and that set the stage for a year of new beginnings. As I look back on that night, I am reminded of the importance of family, of tradition, and of the power of a new start. May every New Year's Eve be as memorable and as meaningful as that one.Chinese Version (Approx. 1500 words)标题：难忘的除夕夜夜晚充满了烟花的噼啪声、孩子们的笑声和碗碟的叮当声，因为家家户户聚集在一起庆祝一年中最重要的夜晚——除夕夜。
lastnight英语作文
lastnight英语作文英文回答：Last night was quite eventful for me. I had planned to go out with my friends for dinner and then catch a movie. However, things didn't go as planned and we ended up having a spontaneous adventure instead.We started off by going to a new restaurant that had just opened in town. The food was amazing and we had a great time catching up and enjoying each other's company. After dinner, we decided to walk around the city and explore a bit.As we were walking, we stumbled upon a street performer playing the guitar. He was really talented and had a great voice. We stopped to listen to him and ended up staying for his entire set. It was such a magical moment, listening to live music under the stars.After the performance, we continued our walk and came across a small art gallery. We decided to go in and check it out. The artwork was incredible and we spent a lot of time admiring the different pieces. It was so inspiring to see the creativity and talent of the artists.As the night went on, we stumbled upon a local pub and decided to go in for a drink. The atmosphere was lively and the music was great. We ended up staying for a few hours, dancing and having a blast. It was such a fun and memorable night.中文回答：昨晚对我来说非常精彩。
我和我的英语老师共度良宵作文
我和我的英语老师共度良宵作文Having a memorable night with my English teacher was an experience that I will always cherish.和我的英语老师共度美好时光是一次让我永生难忘的经历。
It all started when my English teacher announced a special after-school session for a few selected students. 一切都始于我的英语老师宣布为几名被挑选的学生举办一个特别的课后活动。
I was thrilled to be one of the chosen students, and I couldn't wait to spend more time learning from my favorite teacher. 我很激动能成为被选为其中一员，迫不及待地想要花更多时间向我最喜欢的老师学习。
The evening began with a lively discussion on literature and poetry, which allowed us to express our thoughts and interpretations freely. 晚上以关于文学和诗歌的热烈讨论开始，这让我们可以自由地表达我们的想法和解释。
As the night progressed, my English teacher shared personal anecdotes and insights that gave us a deeper understanding of thetexts we were studying. 随着晚上的进行，我的英语老师分享了个人趣闻轶事和见解，这让我们对我们正在学习的文本有了更深入的理解。
这是值得纪念的夜晚作文
这是值得纪念的夜晚作文英文回答：It was a night to remember. The air was filled with excitement and anticipation as we gathered to celebrate a special occasion. The atmosphere was electric, and everyone was in high spirits. It was a night filled with laughter, joy, and unforgettable moments.As the night unfolded, we were treated to a spectacular display of music, dance, and entertainment. The performances were top-notch, and the energy in the room was infectious. It was a truly magical experience that left a lasting impression on everyone who attended.But what made this night truly worth commemorating was the sense of togetherness and camaraderie that filled the air. Friends and family came together to celebrate, and the bonds of friendship and love were strengthened. It was a night that brought us closer together and created memoriesthat will last a lifetime.As the night came to a close, we were reluctant to say goodbye. We lingered, savoring the final moments of this special evening. And as we departed, we carried with us the warmth and happiness that this night had brought into our lives.中文回答：这是一个令人难忘的夜晚。
这是一个值得记住的夜晚800字英语作文!
这是一个值得记住的夜晚800字英语作文!全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1A Night to RememberWhat a crazy night that was! I knew the senior prom was supposed to be a big deal, but I had no idea just how wild and unforgettable it would turn out to be. From getting ready with my best friends, to the limo ride over, to actually being at the dance itself - the whole experience was like something straight out of a cheesy teen movie. Only this time, I was the star!It all started when me, Jess, and Emily met up at Jess's place to get ready. Her mom had the brilliant idea of taking "before" photos of us in our regular clothes before we got all dolled up. We struck some hilarious poses, trying way too hard to look natural and effortless. Little did we know those silly snapshots would end up being some of the most cherished photos of the night!After many hours of prepping and primping, we had finally transformed into gorgeous prom queens...or so we thought! The second we emerged from Jess's room in our gowns and heels,her little brother started cracking up. "You guys look like you're going to a wedding...for grandmas!" he squealed between fits of laughter. We tried to play it cool, but he wasn't totally wrong. Our overly poofy dresses and heavy makeup did make us look a little...mature.Luckily, any insecurities went out the window the second our limo arrived. This thing was straight out of a rap video - white stretch Lincoln with neon lights underneath and heavily tinted windows. We felt like straight up ballers rolling up to the venue. Even better, when we opened the door, the limo was fully stocked with waters, sodas, and even some mini snacks! We may have looked old, but we were certainly treating ourselves.Finally making it into the dance, I was speechless. Maybe it was the dim lighting or ample use of fog machines, but the whole place had an ethereal, magical vibe. Couples were slow dancing in one corner, circles of friends were goofing off in another, and a huge pack of people were moshing near the DJ booth. High school in a nutshell, but amplified to the max!Within minutes, Emily had dragged us onto the dance floor to join the sweaty mob of rhythmically-challenged teenagers. We leapt, twirled, and hip-shaked with zero inhibition...which inhindsight, made us look pretty ridiculous. Not that it mattered in the moment - we were having too much fun to care!After working up a serious sweat, we reconvened at our table to chug some water and rest our aching feet. That's when we realized our snacks from the limo were gone! While scarfing down the last few pretzels, Emily noticed a crumb trail leading under our table. Following it, we discovered our snacks had been ransacked by...the prom crashers?!There, behind the tablecloth, huddled two bushel-haired little kids - a boy and a girl who couldn't have been older than 10. How they managed to sneak into this high school dance is beyond me! They looked equal parts terrified and mischievous as we caught them red-handed.We didn't know whether to rat them out or just let them be. After some deliberation, we decided to become their prom date accomplices. We smuggled them into the bathroom to tidy up, then hit up the snack bar to restock on munchies for our tiny third-wheelers.From then on, those little rug rats were our shadow throughout the entire night. We all danced together, they showed us someขขข age ขขขself - it was honestly a total blast!Having those two little gremlins made an already amazing experience just that much more random and memorable.As the prom drew to a close, we exchanged hugs and snapped one last photo together - me, Jess, Emily, and our two pint-sized plus ones. I've no idea where those kids came from or what their story was, but they sure did make the night that much more unforgettable! Prom king and queen may have had their crowns and sashes, but in my book, those two kids earned them way more than any of us.Just an average, ordinary prom night, right? Yeah, right! It was a laughter-filled, whirlwind adventure that constantly kept us on our toes. I don't think I'll ever be able to attend another social event without wondering if some rogue elementary schoolers will make a surprise cameo! One thing's for sure - I'll never forget that crazy, extraordinary, prom night.篇2An Evening to Remember ForeverLast Friday was definitely a night to remember. It had started out as a relatively normal weekend evening, but it quickly turned into something extraordinary that I'll never forget.The day had been fairly uneventful – just another tedious Friday filled with classes, homework, and the usual stresses of being a student. When the final bell rang, signaling the start of the weekend, I felt that wonderful wave of relief wash over me like it always does. No more lectures, no more assignments due, just two glorious days of freedom stretching out before me.My friends and I had planned to just hang out that night, maybe order some pizzas and binge-watch some shows on Netflix. A wonderfully lazy evening to mentally recharge after a hectic week. Little did I know that the universe had other plans in store for us.We were all crammed into Justin's basement rec room, the typical setting for our hangouts, when his older brother Zack burst through the door looking frantic. Zack was what you'd call the "rebellious" type – always getting into trouble, frequently ditching school, just an all-around bad influence. This time though, he seemed legitimately scared."Guys, we've got a huge problem," he blurted out between gasps of air. Apparently, his crew had pulled some idiotic prank that went horribly wrong, and now the victim was out for revenge. This hothead thug was hunting for Zack all over town with his goons, heavily armed and madder than a hornet.Within minutes of processing this insane situation, we found ourselves caught up in a crazy chase around the city, doing everything we could to evade these crazed lunatics who seemed to be around every corner. Heart pounding out of my chest, I experienced my very first adrenaline rush as fear and excitement converged into one intense emotion.The whole night became a blur of running, hiding, sheer terror andsurges of adrenaline. At one point, we narrowly escaped by cutting through backyards, vaulting fences, and even taking refuge in a stranger's tool shed for what felt like an eternity while the sounds of the enraged mobsters searching for us grew fainter.When we finally made it back to the basement, battered but victorious in having escaped unharmed, we all just collapsed in a pile, gasping for air and still in disbelief over the incredible series of events we had just survived. I had never feltso alive in my entire life. My comfortable, ordinary world had been shattered and reshaped into something exhilarating and dangerous, if only for one night.As the adrenaline finally started to wear off and we calmed down enough to piece together a coherent narrative, the experience quickly evolved from sheer terror into the best, mostepic story ever told. We laughed about all the crazy close calls, analyzed every heart-stopping moment in painstaking detail, and swapped stories about who had the most intense bout of pants-wetting fear at which point in the chase.In those few short but eternal hours, weall bonded in a way that only those who've had a legitimately life-or-death experience can. We were brothers and sisters in arms, heroes and survivors of an unbelievable adventure. That insane Friday night transformed us from typical suburban teenagers into warriors with battle stories sure to become institutionalized legends.Even now, years later, any time my friends and I get together, we can't help but recount the tales of That Night – each iteration becoming more wildly embellished than the last as the myth continues to grow. We made an unspoken pact to forever remember every heart-pounding second and clip from that incredible evening that showed us how suddenly, shockingly real life could become.It was the night our youthful innocence died, but it was also the night we were transformed from boys into men through our shared test of survival. We'll carry the intense bonds we forged during those insane few hours for the rest of our lives. It wasterrifying yet amazing, dumb yet brilliant, horrific yet hilarious. Most of all, it was 100% real and 100% unforgettable.篇3A Night to RememberI'll never forget that warm summer night back in July 2023. It started off as just another ordinary evening after a long day of classes and studying. Little did I know it would turn into one of the most unforgettable experiences of my college years.It was around 8 pm when my roommate Jack came bursting through the door of our cramped dorm room, eyes wide with excitement. "Dude, you'll never guess what I just heard! There's supposed to be a huge meteor shower tonight around midnight. We have to go watch it!"Now, I'll admit that stargazing wasn't exactly at the top of my list of hobbies. But Jack's enthusiasm was contagious, and the idea of witnessing a celestial event like that did pique my interest. Plus, it would be the perfect excuse to get out of our stuffy dorm and enjoy the night air. So after some mild protesting, I agreed to tag along.The next few hours were a flurry of preparation as we gathered up blankets, snacks, and anything else we thought wemight need for a late-night stargazing session. By 11 pm, we had rallied a small group of friends who were all equally excited about the meteor shower, and we set off on the short hike to Baker's Field – a large, open meadow just outside of town that was known for its unobstructed views of the night sky.As we trudged up the gently sloping hill, our breaths puffing out in small clouds, I couldn't help but feel a sense of childlike wonder and anticipation. It had been ages since I'd simply laid out under the stars, free from the distractions and stresses of everyday life. Maybe this meteor shower thing would be kind of cool after all.We reached the crest of the hill just before midnight, and what a sight it was. The entire sky seemed to be blanketed in a shimmering tapestry of stars, each one twinkling like a brilliant diamond against the inky blackness of space. I had never seen so many stars visible to the naked eye before."Wow," was all I could muster as we spread out our blankets and made ourselves comfortable on the gently sloping hillside. The cool grass tickled the back of my neck as I laid back, eyes fixed on the celestial canopy above.At first, there was nothing but peaceful silence as we all gazed upwards in hushed anticipation. Then, as the clock ticked past midnight, it began.A solitary streak of light flashed across the sky, there and gone in an instant. I barely had time to register what I'd seen before another one quickly followed, and then another and another, until it seemed like the entire universe was coming undone right before our very eyes.Meteor after meteor rained down in a dazzling display, some leaving long, glowing trails in their wake while others flashed brilliantly for just a moment before disappearing into the ether once more. It was like a cosmic fireworks show, and we were the only audience members.I'm not sure how long we laid there, utterly transfixed by the heavenly light show playing out above us. It could have been minutes or it could have been hours – I completely lost track of time. All that mattered in that moment was the breathtaking spectacle unfolding in the night sky.When the meteor shower finally began to wane in the early hours of the morning, none of us wanted to leave. We stayed there, huddled together under a blanket of stars, sharing snacksand stories until the first golden rays of dawn began to peek over the horizon.As we started the trek back to campus, footsteps heavy with exhaustion but hearts full of wonder, I knew I would never be able to look at the night sky in quite the same way again. In that single evening, I had been reminded of how amazing andawe-inspiring the universe truly is – a marvel that we so often take for granted in our day-to-day lives.From that night on, I made a point to step outside and gaze up at the stars as often as I could, if only for a few fleeting moments. Because while meteors may be rare, the incredible beauty of the cosmos is always there for those who take the time to look.That unf。
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A memorable night
Last Saturday night, the weather was cool. I was in a bad mood, my friend Gaby decided to take the bus to the Culture Lane to have fun with me. As for me, I had never been to this place before, so I was full of expectations.
Culture Lane, also known as “Foreigners’Street”, which was near Yunnan University, was full of cultural atmosphere. There were so many bars and snacks. Of course, there were too many stalls with goods spreading out on the ground for sale at night. It was very busy.
When we saw these scenes, we felt very hungry, so we entered into a pizza shop. The pizza was only on sale for two yuans. It was cheap and delicious! Later, we ate many special snacks, such as Xiao Rou Chuan, Xiao Juan Fen, Chong Ji Jiao and so on. Sometimes, delicious foods could make you forget all of problems in life. At least I thought so.
After we enjoyed so many delicious snacks, we wandered on the street, talked about interesting things with each other, intoxicated by the beauty of the night. At this very moment, my mood became gradually better.
I felt tonight was an amazing experience. Although no many funny things happened, it was prosaic, meaningful and real. Thank you for my friend’s company when I was in bad state. Long live our friendship!。