英美概况Lecture 1PPT课件
2024版年度《英美概况教案》PPT课件
美国文化与社会
第一季度
第二季度
第三季度
第四季度
多元文化
美国是一个由多民族组 成的国家，拥有丰富多 彩的文化传统。不同民 族和种族的文化在这里 交融，形成了独特的美 国文化。
社会制度
节日与庆典
美国的社会制度以自由、 平等和民主为核心价值。 其教育、医疗、社会保 障等制度相对完善，为 居民提供了较好的生活
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交际策略运用指导
礼貌用语
教授学生使用得体的礼 貌用语，以建立良好的
人际关系。
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非语言交际
了解并运用肢体语言、 面部表情、眼神交流等 非语言交际方式，增强
交际效果。
交际技巧
学习并掌握倾听、表达、 提问、回应等交际技巧，
提高沟通效率。
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解决交际障碍
教授学生如何应对语言 障碍、文化冲突等交际 问题，以化解误会和矛
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网络资源，如官方网站、学术论坛等， 提供更多关于英美的信息和讨论平台
旅游指南和游记分享，激发学生对英 美的兴趣和好奇心，促进跨文化理解。
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THANKS
感谢观看
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英国课程设置
注重传统学科的教学，如文学、历史、哲学等，同时增加职业 教育和技能培训课程。教学方法以学生为中心，注重启发式教 学和讨论式教学。
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美国课程设置
更加灵活多样，包括社会科学、自然科学、艺术等多个领域。 教学方法强调实践性和创新性，注重培养学生的团队协作和问 题解决能力。
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教育改革与发展趋势分析
条件。
美国有许多重要的节日 和庆典活动，如独立日、 感恩节、圣诞节等。这 些节日和庆典不仅丰富 了美国人的文化生活， 也吸引了众多游客前来
英美概况课件Lecture1
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prime meridian GMT
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Map of Europe
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• Britain is situated in Western Europe an of Europe.
• It is separated from the European continent by the North Sea, the Strait of Dover and the English Channel.(P2.)
• England--- England is very important in the UK. Because the importance is so great that English people tend to use the word when they mean Britain. Many foreigners are often confused, so they follow suit.
Britain and Northern Ireland 4. England
• Which one is correct?
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• The British Isles---It is a group of islands off the northwestern coast of Europe. The group consists of two main islands, Great Britain and Ireland, and numerous smaller islands. Of all the islands, the largest one is called Great Britain. The second largest one is Ireland, which is to the west of Great Britain.
《英美国家概况》课件
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英美国家对世界的影响
政治影响
英美国家政治体制对全球民主化进程的推动
英美国家作为民主制度的发源地，其政治体制对全球民主化进程产生了深远影响，许多国家在政 治制度上效仿英美，推动了全球民主化进程。
英美国家在国际政治中的领导地位
英美国家凭借强大的经济和军事实力，在国际政治中发挥着领导作用，对国际关系和全球事务产 生重大影响。
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英美国家的贸易政策对全球经济产生深远影响，其贸易策对全球投资环境的影响
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英美国家的投资政策对全球投资环境产生重要影响，其投资政
策的变化对全球投资格局和经济发展产生重要影响。
文化影响
英美国家文化输出对全球文化多样性的影响
英美国家作为全球文化输出大国，其文化产品对全球文化多样性产生重要影响，影响了世 界各地的文化传统和价值观。
英美国家教育体系对全球教育的启示和影响
英美国家的教育体系被认为是全球最优秀的教育体系之一，其教育理念和方法对全球教育 产生了重要影响和启示。
英美国家科技发展对全球科技进步的推动作用
英美国家在科技领域一直处于领先地位，其科技发展对全球科技进步产生了重要推动作用 ，引领全球科技发展方向。
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总结与展望
总结词
美国地理环境多样，历史悠久，是世界上的超级大国。
详细描述
美国位于北美洲，东临大西洋，西濒太平洋，北接加拿大，南至墨西哥及古巴。美国拥有丰富的自然 资源，国土面积居世界第四位。美国历史可追溯至1776年独立建国，经历了两次世界大战和冷战，成 为全球领先的政治、经济、军事和文化大国。
政治与经济
总结词
英美国家对外政策的制定与实施
英美国家对外政策的制定与实施对全球政治稳定和国际安全产生重要影响，其外交政策对其他国 家产生示范效应。
英美概况课件
英美概况课件Chapter 1 Land and peopleI. Different Names for Britain and its Parts1.What are the names that come to your mind when people refer to 英国?(1) Britain(2) Great Britain(3) England(4) The British Isles(5) The United Kingdom or the U.K.2.What are these names exactly refer to?Great Britain, the United Kingdom and the British Isles do not mean the same thing.Strictly speaking, the British Isles, Great Britain, and England are geographical names.G reat B ritainE ngland is part of an island called Great Britain, the largest island in Europe. Great Britain is the official name given to the the two kingdoms of England and Scotland, and the principality of Wales. It also includes the small adjacent islands except the Channel Islands and the Isle of Man. Sometimes people use the shorten name Britain instead of Great Britain.The term "Great Britain" was used for the first time when England and Scotland became a single kingdom under King James VI of Scotland who became King James I of England in 1603.U nited K ingdomT he United Kingdom consists of Great Britain - the mainisland made up of England, Scotland and Wales - and Northern Ireland.The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (UK) was formed in on January 1 1801 and constitutes the greater part of the British Isles. The largest of the islands is Great Britain, which comprises England, Scotland and Wales. The next largest is Ireland, comprising Northern Ireland, whichT he B ritish I slesThe British Isles include the UK, Great Britain, and other islands such as Ireland and the Channel Islands.The British Isles consists of:Great Britain (England, Scotland and Wales)The whole of IrelandThe Orkney and Shetland IslandsThe Isle of ManThe Inner and Outer HebridesThe Isle of WightScilly IslandsLundy IslandThe Channel IslandsPlus many other offshore islandsSummery:EnglandGreat Britain ScotlandWales U.K.2 large islandsNorthern IrelandBritish Isles IrelandRepublic of IrelandHundreds of (1949)small islands3.What is the official name of Britain?(1) The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Island(2) For short: Britain, the United Kingdom or U.K.*The Union Jack--refers to the Union Flag or the National flag of the United Kingdom--It is called the Union Flag because it represents the emblems of the four countries united under one Sovereign - the kingdoms of England and Wales, of Scotland and of Ireland (although since 1921 only Northern Ireland has been part of the United Kingdom).--Although the name "Union Jack" is the popular name by which the flag is known to the world, it should strictly, perhaps, only be used for the flag when it is flown as a jack (a small flag flown at the bow of a ship); government documents generally prefer "union flag" as the more universally correct term4.Why do people often us e “England” and “English” to refer to “Britain” and“British”?England is the largest, post populous, and the richest.Largeness Size Pop.England biggest 60% 85%Britain Scotland 2nd largest 30% 1/10Wales smallest 9% 5%5.British imperial expansion“The sun never sets on the British Empire”(1) Ruled 1/4 of the world?s population and 1/4 of world?sland(2) Had colonies in North America, Asia, Africa, Austrialia6.British Commonwealth (Commonwealth of Nations)The term …Commonwealth? has been used to replace the word …Empire? to describe collectively the independent countries associated under the British crow(1) A free association of countries used to be English colonies(2) 53 member countries at present(3) Functions: active in a number of areas including development, democracy, debtmanagement and trade.II. Geographical features1.Geographical positionThe United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (UK) is situated north-west of the European continent between the Atlantic Ocean and the North Sea. It has a total land area of 244,100 square kilometres, of which nearly 99% is land and the remainder inland water. From north to south it is about 1,000 kilometres long.(1) Northwest of Europe(2) North Atlantic Ocean(3) Separated from the rest of Europe by the English Channel2.Geographical features(1) An island country, surrounded by sea(2) Highlands in the north and west(3) Lowlands in the east and southeastA. Part of the great European PlainB. Level land and fertile soilC. farming(4) 3 natural zones in ScotlandA. the highlands in the northB. the central lowlandsC. the southern uplandsIII. Rivers and LakesImportant role of rivers in the country?s economy1.Important Rivers(1)the Severn RiverA.the longest in the countryB.only 338 kilos long(2)the Thames RiverA.the 2nd longestB.the most important riverC.336 kilos longD.Oxford and London are on the river(3)River ClydeA.the most important in ScotlandB.important commercial waterway2.the Lake District(1)in northwest England and North Wales(2)popular tourist attractions(3)the home of the Lake PoetsA.William WordsworthB.Samuel Taylor ColeridgeC.Robert SoutheyIV. Climate1.Typical feature of Britain’s climate“Other countries have a climate; in England we have weather.”The statement is often made by Englishmen to describe the peculiar meteorological conditions of their country.A maritime type of climate(1)rainy---abundant rainfallThe uncertainty about the weather tends to make the Englishmen cautious.“A foreigner may laugh when he sees the Englishman setting forth on a brilliantlysunny morning wearing a raincoat and carrying an umbrella, but he may well regret hislaughter later in the day!”(2)changeable and unpredictable, no clear cut of 4 seasons“In no country other than England, it has been said, can one experience four seasons in the course of a single day! Day may break as a balmy spring morning; an hour or solater black clouds may have appeared from nowhere and the rain may be pouring down.At midday conditions may be really wintry with the temperature down by about eightdegrees or more centigrade. And then, in the late afternoon the sky will clear, the sunwill begin to shine, and for an hour or two before darkness falls, it will be summer.”(3)Mild: no extremesIn England one can experience almost every kind of weather except the most extreme.temperature: 4-6℃in winter, 12-17℃in summer2.Factors influencing the climate(1)the surrounding waters(2)the prevailing south-west winds(3)the North Atlantic Drift (warm current)3.Rainfall(1) a steady reliable rainfall throughout the year(2)uneven distribution of rainA. a water surplus in the north and westB. a water deficit in the south and eastV. The People1.Population of Britain: characteristics(1)Densely populatedVery large population for such a small country.(2)Highly urbanized90% of the population is urban and only 10% rural(3)Unevenly distributedThe population is made up mainly of (composition of British population)A.the English (81.5%)B.the Scottish (9.6%)C.the Welsh (1.9%)D.the Irish (2.4%)2.Different ancestors(1)the English----the Anglo-Saxons(2)the Scots, Welsh, and Irish----the Celts3.Differences in character and speech between southern and northern England(1)Southerners speak the type of English closer to BBC EnglishGenerally speaking, southerners speak the type of English closer to BBC English.They do not have a special accent except the Cockneys from the East End of London.(2)Northerners speak broader EnglishHowever, the northerners speak broader English than thesoutherners, and often leaveout the article “the” and the possessive adjectives “my”, “your”, “their”, etc.4.The way the Welsh keep their language and culture aliveThrough Eisteddfodau (Eisteddfod)(1)The Eisteddfod (literally 'sitting') is a Welsh festival of literature, music, and song. Thetradition of such a meeting of Welsh artists dates back to at least the 12th century.The most important eisteddfod is the National Eisteddfod, held annually and usuallyalternating between North and South Wales, and taking place entirely in the Welshlanguage.(2)The Welsh are music lovers and are proud of their past.(3)Throughout the year they have festivals of song, dance and poetry called Eisteddfod(au),hold competitions in Welsh poetry, music, singing and art to keep the Welsh languageand culture alive.Chapter 2The Origins of a Nation (5000BC-1066)I. Early Settlers (5000 BC—55BC)1. The Iberians伊比利亚人（1）Who were the first known settlers (inhabitants) of Britain?The Iberians（2）When did they come to Britain?At 3000 BC during the New Stone Age（3）How do you know that the Iberians were the firstknown settlers to Britain?A. The proof is the long barrows (古墓冢) found, which were their communal burialmounds (公墓)B. the Stonehenge (圆形巨石群、阵):a.It is a circular group of large standing stones constructed before 2000 BC.b.It is regarded as one of the most important monuments of its kind in Europe.c.Exactly why it was built is unknown but it must have had religious and politicalsignificance.(There are many different ideas about the purpose of Stonehenge: it may have beena center of sun worship, and was perhaps an observatory)d.Some think the Stonehenge is associated with the Celts.2. The Beaker Folk宽口陶器人（以其铃、钟形宽口陶器而闻名）(1) When and where were they from?At about 2000 BC (at the early Bronze Age) the Beaker Folk arrived from the areas now known as Holland and the Rhineland.(2)Why were they so called? (How did they take their name?)from their distinctive bell-shaped drinking vessels (or beakers)(3)How about their civilization? (What did they bring with them?)a)The art of pottery makingb)The ability to fashion (ornament with patterns) bronze toolsc)The custom of individual buriald)The hill forts (堡垒) and small fortified towns (筑堡城镇). TheMaiden Castle is oneof the finest examples.3. The Celts(1) Who were the ancestors of the Scots, Welsh and Irish?The Celts were the ancestors of the Scots, Welsh and Irish(2) When and where were they from?They began to arrive about 700 BC, and may have come from eastern and central Europe, now France, Belgium and Germany(3) What were these people?A.They were Practised farmers. They drained much of the marshlands and built houses ofwood and wickerwork with a weatherproof coating of mud.（带有抗风化的泥层）B.They were ironworkers.(4) What was their religion?Druidism（德鲁伊德教），the Druids—the wise men, astrologers, soothsayers（占卜者）II. Roman Britain (55BC—410AD)1. What do you know about the Roman invasion of Britain?(1)British recorded history begins with the Roman invasion.(2)In 55 BC, the great Roman general Julius Caesar invaded Britain for the first time(partly to gather information about the island and partly to punish the Belgae who helped in fighting against the conquering Roman)the invasion was unsuccessful because of resistance, the successful invasion did not take place until nearly a century(3)In AD 43, Emperor Claudius invaded successfully(4)For nearly 400 years Britain was under the Roman occupation, but it was never a totaloccupation.First, as a result of resistance; Secondly, Roman troops were often withdrawn fromBritain to fight in other parts of the Roman Empire.2. the Hadrian’s Wall哈德良长城（公元2世纪，罗马皇帝哈德良下令修建的城墙，用于防御英格兰北部边境，抵抗克尔特部落的进攻）It was one of the two great walls built by the Romans to keep the Picts out of the area they had occupied and conquered.(1)After the Roman occupation, the Romans met with fierce resistance and attacks from thetribes of Scotland. These people were called Picts（皮克特人）because of their “paintedfaces”. )(2)The Romans realized that they could not conquer them. So they withdrew from the north,and built two great walls, the Hadrian?s Wall and the Antonine Wall, to resist the attacks)3. the Roman contribution(1) they built a network of towns on their military camps with the capital of London(the suffix –caster or –chester in English place names—Lancaster, Winchester—derives from castra, the Latin word for camp.)(2) the Romans constructed a network of major and secondary roads. From London, roadsradiated all over the country.(3) The Romans made good use of Britain?s natural resources. They built baths, temples,amphitheatres and beautiful villas.(4)The Romans also brought the new religion, Christianity, to Britain.4. Why was the Roman influence on Britain so limited?Although Britain became part of the Roman Empire, the Roman impact upon the Britons was surprisingly limited as a result of(1)the Romans always treated the Britons as a subject people of slave class.(2)The Romans and the Britons never intermarried during the 4 centuries.(3)The Romans had no impact on the language or culture of ordinary Britons.III. The Anglo-Saxons (446-871) 盎格鲁-萨克逊人1. Who were the Anglo-Saxons?The Anglo-Saxons referred to the three Teutonic tribes（日而漫部落）who invaded Britain in the mid-5th century. They were Jutes, Saxons and Angles.--The Jutes 朱特人, from today?s Denmark, came to Britain first for assistance to drive outthe Picts and Scots.--Then the Saxons from northern German--The Angles who also came from northern German and were to give their name to the English people.2. How did the Heptarchy (七王国) come into being?During the Anglo-Saxon invasion, the three tribes named the Jutes, the Saxons and the Angles settled in different parts of Britain which was divided into many kingdoms. Among them, there were 7 principle kingdoms of Kent, Essex, Sussex, Wessex, East Anglia, Mercia and Northumbria. So they have been given the name of Heptarchy.3. Offa’s Dyke欧发大堤（古代英格兰的巨大土方工程。
《英美概况教案》PPT课件
《英美概况教案》PPT课件目录•英美国家概述•英国概况•美国概况•英美教育体制比较•英美旅游资源推荐•总结回顾与拓展延伸PART01英美国家概述地理位置与自然环境地理位置英国位于欧洲大陆西北面，被北海、英吉利海峡、凯尔特海、爱尔兰海和大西洋包围；美国位于北美洲中部，北与加拿大接壤，南靠墨西哥湾，西临太平洋，东濒大西洋。
自然环境英国地形以平原为主，气候温和多雨，四季分明；美国地形复杂多样，气候类型丰富，包括温带大陆性气候、温带海洋性气候、地中海气候等。
历史发展与文化传承历史发展英国历史悠久，经历了罗马入侵、中世纪封建制度、文艺复兴、工业革命等重要时期；美国历史相对较短，但发展迅速，经历了独立战争、西进运动、南北战争、两次世界大战等关键事件。
文化传承英国文化以绅士文化、下午茶文化、皇家文化等为代表，具有深厚的文化底蕴；美国文化以自由、民主、创新为核心，融合了世界多元文化。
政治制度及特点政治制度英国实行君主立宪制，国家元首为女王，政府首脑为首相；美国实行总统共和制，国家元首和政府首脑均为总统。
政治特点英国政治稳定，政府更迭较少，政策制定和执行相对缓慢；美国政治竞争激烈，政府更迭频繁，政策制定和执行迅速。
经济实力与产业结构经济实力英国和美国均为世界经济强国，拥有庞大的经济总量和强大的国际竞争力。
产业结构英国经济以服务业为主导，制造业和金融业也较为发达；美国经济以服务业和高科技产业为主导，制造业和农业也占据重要地位。
PART02英国概况公元前55年与54年，罗马将军朱利叶斯·凯撒两次率军入侵不列颠，虽未成功，但对不列颠产生了深远影响。
罗马入侵与不列颠的崛起5-6世纪，盎格鲁-撒克逊人从欧洲大陆迁徙至不列颠，逐渐形成了英格兰的雏形。
盎格鲁-撒克逊人的迁徙与定居1066年，诺曼底的威廉公爵征服英格兰，建立了诺曼王朝，并引入了欧洲大陆的封建制度。
诺曼征服与封建制度的建立1688年，英国爆发光荣革命，推翻了斯图亚特王朝的专制统治，确立了君主立宪制。
英美概况课件英国地理ppt
19th century poetry and writings of William Wordsworth and other poets.
William Wordsworth
a romantic poet appointed poet laureate in 1843 Living in the Lake district after 1797
英国概况
Chapter 1 General Introduction to Physiographical Features of the UK
• The Locations of the UK • The Physiographical Features of the UK • Rivers and Mountains • Climate and weather • Population • The Major Cities • Exercises and Answers
The Physiographical Features of the UK
• Varied landscape • Flatlands in England • Mountains in Scoltland and Wales
England
England
• A flatland country, also called Lowland zone • Pennines: the backbone of England • Lake district • Highly urbanized
英美概况课件_1__British_education
➢ In the 1960s comprehensive schools were introduced all over the country.So were vocational schools for less successful pupils.Entrance exams were abolished and chikderen conldn’t “complete” for places
/Islam
Before 1870,only 40% of children under 10 went to school reguvernment passed a law called government-founded education
➢ By 1880, attendance at school for children between 5 and 10 was compulsory.
• Grammar schools―select children At the age 11, through an
examination called “the 11-plus”.
• Today the British education system is run by the state.,which provides funding , oversees standards, and tries to make sure that all British children receive a quality education. the largest department is Ministry of Education
英美概况1ppt课件
The introduction of the Universitas
Cantabrigiensis
❖ 中文名：剑桥大学 外文名：Universitas Cantabrigiensis简称：剑桥校训：Hinc lucem et pocula sacra（此地乃启蒙之所和智 慧之源）创办时间：1209年类别：公立大学 现任校长：爱丁堡公爵知名校友：鲁珀特·布 鲁克（国王学院）所属地区：英国 剑桥镇主 要院系：神学系，英语系，工程系，数学系， 物理化学系，计算机科学技术
剑桥大学（University of Cambridge）
❖ 剑桥大学（University of Cambridge）位于英 格兰的剑桥镇，是英国也是全世界最顶尖的 大学之一。英国许多著名的科学家、作家、 政治家都来自于这所大学。剑桥大学也是诞 生最多诺贝尔奖得主的高等学府，88名诺贝 尔奖获得者曾经在此执教或学习，70多人是 剑桥大学的学生。剑桥大学还是英国的名校 联盟“罗素集团”（Russell Group of Universities）和欧洲的大学联盟科英布拉集 团（Coimbra Group）的成员。
The sights
校徽
剑桥历史风貌
❖ 剑桥大学有31个学院，有三个女子学院，两个专门的研究生院，各学院历史背 景不同，实行独特的学院制，风格各异的31所学院经济上自负盈亏；剑桥大学 负责生源规划和教学工作，各学院内部录取步骤各异，每个学院在某种程度上就 像一个微型大学，有自己的校规校纪。剑桥大学的第一所学院彼得学院于1284 年建立，其他的学院在14和15世纪陆续建立。
3、硕士研究生
❖ 英国的硕士研究生课程最吸引人之处就是只需要读 一年，就可以拿到学位，节省了学生的宝贵时间。 但是课程的密度相对也很高。 硕士研究生的课程主要分为研究式研究生课程 （research）和讲授式研究生课程（taught），中 国的学生更多的会选择讲授式研究生课程。常见的 学位有MA（文学硕士）、MSc（理学硕士）、LLM （法学硕士）、MBA（工商管理硕士）等。课程最 后也需要独立完成一项研究工作或撰写论文以获得 学位。修毕课程后，学生可取得国际认可专业资格。 科目包括会计、银行业、行政秘书、市场学、测量、 社会工作及法律等等
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The Full Name of the British State
The full name is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, usually abbreviated to the United Kingdom or U.K., Great Britain, Britain or informally England. The total area is about 244,820 square kilometers. It Is over 1,000 km from south to north and about 500 km from west to east.
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theUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland
Great Britain (England,ScotlandandWales)
Northern Ireland
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People in U.K.
Population: 57.8 million (mid-1991) 60,094,648 (July 2003) 60,441,457 (July 2005)
Lecture1 The United Kingdom
----Land and People
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整体 概述
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Geography People Sights
Outline
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Warm-up Questions
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Neighbor countries
Britain faces Scandinavia Peninsular (Norway, Sweden and Denmark) to the northeast and to the North lies Iceland. To the south across the English Channel lies France and Belgium(比利时) and to the east across North Sea lie Germany and Holland.
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ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
England
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Facts and Figures:
England occupies the southern part of Great Britain and is important part of the Kingdom in wealth, size, and population. It has an area of more than 130,000 square kilometers and it take up nearly 60% of the whole island.
Where is the United Kingdom? What is the full name of the British state? What countries does it consist of ? What is the total population of the United Kingdom? What is the most densely populated area of Britain? Which is the longest river in U.K.? ．．．
Over 61,000,000 (Latest Data)
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Distribution
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Ethnic groups
Indian Pakistani Bangladeshi (孟加拉国人) Chinese African Arab white 92.1%, black 2%, Indian 1.8%, Pakistani 1.3%, mixed 1.2%, other 1.6% (2001 census) Official language: English.
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Severn River
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Severn River
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Thames River
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Climate
Favorable maritime climate(海洋性气候) Steady reliable rainfall Small range of temperature The surrounding waters tend to balance the seasonal differences by heating the land in winter and cooling it off in summer.
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British Isles Britain Great Britain
Two large islands several small ones two states
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
England, Wales Scotland
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Location
An island country which lies in the North Atlantic Ocean of the north coast of Europe, separated from the rest of Europe by the English Channel in the south and the North Sea in the east. The English Channel is between England and France. To the west of it lies the Atlantic Ocean, across and beyond it is America.
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Rivers and Lakes
Great ports: London, Liverpool, Glasgow (格拉斯哥） Longest River: Severn River(塞文河, 338km) The second longest and important river: Thames River(泰晤士河，336km ) Largest lake: Lough Neagh(内伊湖，396 km²) in Northern Ireland