测控技术与仪器专业英语unit
全句译为：然而，微处理器技术的出现使得传感器必须要 有电信号输出，这样便于接口以实现无人测控。
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Unit3 Smart Sensors
That also required the analog signal level to be amplified and converted to digital format prior to （在……之前） being supplied to the process controller. Today’s MCUs and analog-to-digital (A/D) converters typically have a 5V power supply, which has dictated the supply voltage for many amplified and signal conditioned sensors.
译为：应用微电子技术之前，传感器或转换器用于测量 物理量，如温度，压力，流量，通常直接与读数装置相连， 通常一个仪表有一个观察员读数。
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Unit3 Smart Sensors
The transducer converted the physical quantity being measured to a displacement. The observer initiated system corrections to change the reading closer to a desired value. The typical blocks of a measurement system are shown in Figure 3.1.
译为：在今天几乎一切的技术领域都将智能一词作为 其前缀的候选。智能传感器这一术语是在20世纪80年代 中期出现的，从那以后，一些设备已被称之为智能传感器。
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Unit3 Smart Sensors
The intelligence required by such devices is available from microcontroller unit (MCU), digital signal processor (DSP), and application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) technologies developed by several semiconductor manufacturers.
句中microcontroller unit(MCU)意为“微控制器单元”， digital signal processor (DSP)意为“数字信号处理器”， application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC)意为“特殊 应用集成电路”。
全句译为：这些设备所具有的智能源于半导体生产厂家开 发的微控制器（MCU）、数字信号处理器（DSP）和特 殊应用集成电路（ASIC）技术。
译为：一些半导体制造商正在积极的进行控制系统的输 入和输出两个方面的智能装置的研究。微机电系统 （MEMS）这个术语用来描述对传感器和加载器用半导体 制造工艺建立的结构。
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Unit3 Smart Sensors
Before the availability of microelectronics, the sensors or transducers used to measure physical quantities, such as temperature, pressure, and flow, usually were coupled（连接，联结，联系）directly to a readout device, typically a meter that was read by an observer.
译为：传感器和转换器中常用的定义，必须首先对一 些术语进行定义。转换器是这样一种装置，它将能量从 一个范围转换到另一个范围，并进行校准以减少在转换 过程中的误差。而传感器是给特定的被测设备提供了一 个有用的输出。
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Unit3 Smart Sensors
The sensor is a basic element of a transducer, but it also may refer to a detection of voltage or current in the electrical regime（物理条件，环境，组织方法；管理体制， 政体）that does not require conversion. Sometimes, the terms are used synonymously（同义地）, because energy conversion is part of every device that is discussed.
译为：该转换器将测量的物理量进行转换。观察员对系 统进行修正以使结果接近理想值。典型的测量系统的组成 框图如图3.1所示。
Figure 3.1 General sensing system
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Unit3 Smart Sensors
Many home thermostats（恒温（调节）器）, tire pressure gauges（轮胎气压表）, and factory flow meters still operate in the same manner.
测控技术与仪器专业英语unit
Unit3 Smart Sensors
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Unit3 Smart Sensors
Introduction
Just about everything today in the technology area is a candidate（申请求职者，候选人；报考者）for having the prefix （前缀）smart added to it. The term smart sensor was coined in the mid-1980s, and since then several devices have been called smart sensors.
译为：许多家用自动调温器，轮胎压力表和工厂流量计 也以同样的方式运作。
However, the advent of microprocessor technology initiated the requirement for sensors to have an electrical output that could be more revide unattended measurement and control.
主语为the reduction和the presence，谓语为pose，宾语 challenges。
全句译为：然而，供应电压从5V衰减到3.3V甚至更低， 以及系统中多种电压形式的出现，并不只是对最智能的传 感器提出的考验。
Separate integrated circuits (ICs) are available to handle the variety of voltages and resolve the problem, but they add to system and sensor complexity. 译为：单独的集成电路（ICs）可用来处理各种不同的电压 并解决问题，但它们增加了系统和传感器的复杂性。
译为：传感器是转换器的基本元素之一，但是在不需要 进行转换的电气方面，传感器可能会用于电压或电流的检 测。有时候，传感器和换能器会被等价的应用，因为能量 转换是每个被讨论的设备的一部分。
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The definition of smart sensor (intelligent transducer) has not been as widely accepted and is subject to misuse. However, an Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) (电气和电子工程师协会)committee has been actively consolidating terminology（专门用语，术 语，术语学，术语的正确使用，术语用法）that applies to microelectronic sensors. 译为：智能传感器（智能转换器）的定义并没有被广泛接 受，并且遭受了滥用。 然而，电气电子工程师协会 （IEEE）委员会已经积极地加强推广此术语应用于微电子 传感器。
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Unit3 Smart Sensors
The recently approved IEEE 1451.2 specification defines a smart sensor as a sensor that provides functions beyond those necessary for generating a correct representation of a sensed or controlled quantity. This function typically simplifies the integration of the transducer into applications in a networked environment.
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Some of those same semiconductor manufacturers are actively working on smarter silicon devices for the input and output sides of the control system as well. The term microelectromechanical system (MEMS)（微机电系统） is used to describe a structure created with semiconductor manufacturing processes for sensors and actuators.
测控技术与仪器专业英语 Unit 2
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2 M- of non-physical quantities
– It is essential to the nature of an organism or an 2.7 organization that they maintain (social, cultural, political) interactions with their environment. – 保持与周围环境的交互对于生命体或组织的性质是非常必 要的。 – For this reason, it is usually not possible to perform an 2.8 isolated measurement in the same way we can with inanimate things (putting in a thermostat, hooking up to a fixed supply voltage, etc. )
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1 Measurement of Physical Quantity
• Electrical potential difference
– The primary standard for electrical potential difference used to be provided by an electrochemical standard cell (the Weston standard cell).
2 M- of non-physical quantities
– With non-physical measurements, however, the 3.3
测控技术与仪器专业英语
Unit 1 Definition of Measurement and Measurement Theory定义的测量方法和测量理论1. Definition of Measurement测量的定义A possible operational description of the term measurement which agrees with our intuition is the following :“measurement is the acquisition of inform ation ”;the aspect of gathering information is one of the most essential aspects of measurement ;measurement are conducted to learn about the object of measurement ;the measurand .This means that a measurement must be descriptive with regard to that state or that phenomenon in the world around us which we are measuring .一个可能的操作描述这个术语的同意,我们凭直觉测量是下列的“测量信息获取”,采集信息的方面是最重要的方面进行测量,计量了解测量的对象,进行测量。
这意味着一个测量必须描述对于这种状态或这一现象在我们周围的世界我们衡量。
There must be a relationship between this state or phenomenon and the measurement result .Although the aspect of acquiring information is elementary ,it is merely a necessary and not a sufficient aspect of measurement :when one reads a textbook ,one gathers information ,but one does not perform a measurement.必须有一个关系状态或现象和测量结果信息获取的角度,即使是基础,那只是一个必要的和非充分方面的测量:当一个人阅读教科书,一个收集信息,但是一个人不能进行测量。
测控技术与仪器专业英语unit 4
Unit4
Error Principle
Байду номын сангаас
In this case, special consideration must also be given to determining how the calculated error levels in each separate measurement should be combined together to give the best estimate of the most likely error magnitude in the calculated output quantity. 译为：在这种情况下，对于在每个单独的测量中，如 何确定计算的误差等级，以及在计算输出量中给与尽可 能最佳的误差幅度估计，还必须给予特殊的考虑。
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Unit4
Error Principle
Other sources of systematic error include bent meter needles, the use of uncalibrated instruments, drift in instrument characteristics and poor cabling practices. Even when systematic errors due to the above factors have been reduced or eliminated, some errors remain that are inherent in the manufacture of an instrument. These are quantified by the accuracy figure quoted in the published specifications contained in the instrument data sheet.
《测控技术与仪器专业英语》张凤登-UNIT-1-电气和电子工程引言-参考译文及练习答案
UNIT 1 电气和电子工程引言参考译文1.1 电气工程引言电气和电子工业已逐渐趋于成熟，世界上的每个人，每个家庭及工业都受到它所取得成就的影响。
最明显的是电子计算机在我们生活中各种层次的广泛应用，它的速度、大小和费用使其很容易且很有效地应用于商业和个人事务中。
电子学为几乎每个家庭提供了无线电收音机、电视机、盒式录像机等供娱乐的产品。
集成电路当今已成为现代电子系统的一部分，并不断提供更小、更复杂、更精密的最终产品。
50年代初的工程师会对大量的电路装在一片集成电路上感到惊奇，而今天的工程师可能对发生于2020年的技术进步感到震惊。
由于电子系统为人们提供了很多好处，它无疑已成为越来越多产品的标准元件。
过去由机械元件完成的自动功能正在被相应的电子系统替代。
采用机械拾音传感器的唱机正被电子唱机取代。
机械式打字机正被电子打字机和计算机字处理机代替。
这仅仅是机械系统向电子系统转变的几个例子。
电子工业的发展，部分是由于它的消耗低、尺寸小、被称作超大规模集成电路的相对完整的电子系统，给人以很深影响的是，在一小型计算器中，基本上只有一片很小的集成块，这片芯片只占计算器内部空间的不到五分之一。
在这片超大规模集成电路内部还有一片更小的芯片，所有电路都在该芯片上。
一个超大规模集成电路元件包含成百上千个分离的电子元件，这些元件按不同的功能块排列。
这些功能块包括储存单元，计数电路，记忆电路，运算电路等。
一片单片的超大规模集成电路就是电子表的心脏，它取代了使用很久的模拟运动式手表。
随着电子制作技术的成熟，手表的功能也不断增加。
除了能计时外，附加的复杂电路还具有闹响功能，秒表功能，计算功能，电话号码储存和信息储存更能。
这些仅是较流行的功能。
电子装置已开始使用耗电很低的CMOS电路，从而使象手表中所使用的电路靠一小片电池能连续工作多年。
电子产品在工程中和特殊的商业产品中都得到发展。
体积小、价格低的电子元器件问世时许多新领域中电子系统的应用成为现实，这些领域包括测量仪器、机械、化学、建筑、生物医学工程等。
《测控技术与仪器专业英语》张凤登UNIT-9-操纵装置-参考译文及练习答案
UNIT 9 操纵装置参考译文:9.1 终端控制单元控制器与它所控制的过程有两个接口，一个是控制器的输入，另一个是控制器的输出。
传感器和信号调节器处理输入端。
各种类型的开关元件、执行机构、控制阀、加热器、电动马达处理输出端。
在过程控制系统中，它们是终端操作系统的基本组成部分。
开关组件。
开关是电路的连接或断开设备，开关动作可由执行器机械地实现，通过螺线管按机电方式实现，或由固态器件以电子方式实现。
在控制系统中，这三种实现开关操作方法都得到了应用。
开关组件用于打开电动马达和加热元件，感测物体的存在，调节电动马达的速度，启动气动或液压缸的电磁控制阀，以及发起顺序控制系统的动作。
顺序控制系统以规定的方式执行的一组操作。
自动洗衣机是我们熟知的顺序控制系统实例。
洗衣缸填充、衣物洗涤、洗衣缸排水、衣物漂洗和甩干完全由开关控制。
电动马达。
电动马达通常用作控制系统的操纵设备。
步进电机和伺服电机提供机器人手臂和数控机床的“肌肉”。
可调速驱动器为泵和鼓风机提供有效控制。
电动马达用于邮件分类、食品包装、塑料薄膜制造和谷物粉碎。
电加热元件。
电加热元件将电能转换成热能。
作为能量转换器，电加热器是100%有效的，所有的电能被转化为热能。
然而，一些热能散失到周围环境中，导致传递到产品的热能不到100%。
为满足不同的供热需求，电加热器的大小和形状各异。
电炉燃烧器是一个电加热元件实例。
工业加热器以下列形式表现出来：盘形、带形、条形、线形、辐射形、伸缩形、陶瓷纤维形加热器，以及各种过程加热器配件。
控制阀门。
每个关于过程控制的文本都需要有控制阀部分。
控制阀毕竟是控制系统的重要组成部分。
现在的问题是，“关于控制阀需要说些什么呢?”在大多数应用中，控制阀属于经典控制回路的终端元件（final element），它为将控制器的输出转化到过程提供必要的动力，可以是双位（开关）或比例（节流调节）过程。
在典型控制回路（传感器、控制器和阀门）的三个基本组成部分中，阀门的工作条件最苛刻，也最少被理解。
测控技术与仪器专业英语翻译 殷虹 河北工业大学适用
测控专业英语翻译Unit1Measurement,ControlandInstrumentation Instrumentati on is defined as the art and science of measurement and control.Instrumentation engineers are responsible for controlling a whole system like a power plant.译为：仪器可定义为测量和控制的艺术和科学。
仪器工程师负责控制整个系统，比如一个电厂。
An instrument is a device that measures and/or regulates process variables such as flow, temperature, level, or pressure. Instruments include many varied contrivances that can be assimple as valves and transmitters, and as complex as analyzers.译为：仪器是一种用来测量和/或调节过程变量（如流量、温度、液位或压力）的装置。
仪器包括许多不同的设备，可以像阀和变送器那样简单，也可以像分析仪那样复杂。
Instruments often comprise control systems of varied processes such as refineries, factories,and vehicles. The control of processes is one of the main branches of applied instrumentation. Instrumentation can also refer to handheld devices that measure some desired variable.Diverse handheld instrumentation is common in laboratories, but can be found in thehousehold as well. For example, a smoke detector is a common instrument found in mostwestern homes.译为：仪器通常由如精炼厂、工厂和车辆这些不同流程的控制系统组成。
测控技术与仪器专业英语unit
全句译为：然而，供应电压从5V衰减到3.3V甚至更低， 以及系统中多种电压形式的出现，并不只是对最智能的传 感器提出的考验。
Separate integrated circuits (ICs) are available to handle the variety of voltages and resolve the problem, but they add to system and sensor complexity. 译为：单独的集成电路（ICs）可用来处理各种不同的电压 并解决问题，但它们增加了系统和传感器的复杂性。
译为：该转换器将测量的物理量进行转换。观察员对系 统进行修正以使结果接近理想值。典型的测量系统的组成 框图如图3.1所示。
Figure 3.1 General sensing system
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Unit3 Smart Sensors
Many home thermostats（恒温（调节）器）, tire pressure gauges（轮胎气压表）, and factory flow meters still operate in the same manner.
Unit3 Smart Sensors
1
Unit3 Smart Sensors
Introduction
Just about everything today in the technology area is a candidate（申请求职者，候选人；报考者）for having the prefix （前缀）smart added to it. The term smart sensor was coined in the mid-1980s, and since then several devices have been called smart sensors.
测控专业英语Unit 4
③The uncertainty of the standard used for calibration．
仪器的准确度取决于三个主要因素：① 距离上次校准的 时间； ②校准和使用时的温差； ③用于标定的标准的不确 定度。
Unit 4
Calibration
2.1 In most organizations，calibration is the responsibility of a separate group. That group is responsible for maintaining working standards, keeping records of instruments for periodic calibration and certification, and being knowledgeable of the latest calibration procedures．
What should the separate calibration groups do according to their tasks and office authorities? 办公权限
Questions before reading
Q4
What are calibration procedures and instrument performance check, and how are they implemented? 校准程序
校准是指为了使仪器与已有标准完全一致 （匹配）而将一个测量仪器与一个标准的或其他 已知准确度的仪器相比较的过程。
Unit 4
Calibration
The established standard is normally of at least four 1.3 times greater accuracy than the instrument being calibrated or the average of multiple standards if the four-times criterion is not feasible． 已有标准通常至少四倍于待校准仪器的准确度，或者 当四倍标准不可行时，则采用多重标准平均方式。 To say that an instrument is calibrated means that it 1.5 indicates measurements within specified limits of error for that instrument． 也就是说，仪器校准表明了其测量误差的确定限度。
测控技术与仪器专业英语翻译-殷虹-河北工业大学适用
测控专业英语翻译Unit1Measurement,ControlandInstrumentationInstrumentation is defined as the art and science of measurement and control. Instrumentation engineers are responsible for controlling a whole system like a power plant. 译为：仪器可定义为测量和控制的艺术和科学。
仪器工程师负责控制整个系统，比如一个电厂。
An instrument is a device that measures and/or regulates process variables such as flow, temperature, level, or pressure. Instruments include many varied contrivances that can be as simple as valves and transmitters, and as complex as analyzers.译为：仪器是一种用来测量和/或调节过程变量（如流量、温度、液位或压力）的装置。
仪器包括许多不同的设备，可以像阀和变送器那样简单，也可以像分析仪那样复杂。
Instruments often comprise control systems of varied processes such as refineries, factories, and vehicles. The control of processes is one of the main branches of applied instrumentation. Instrumentation can also refer to handheld devices that measure some desired variable. Diverse handheld instrumentation is common in laboratories, but can be found in the household as well. For example, a smoke detector is a common instrument found in most western homes.译为：仪器通常由如精炼厂、工厂和车辆这些不同流程的控制系统组成。
测控技术与仪器专业英语UNIT-8-Measuring Technique
analysis of errors and thus determine a “best value” to present the size of
the quantity.
而且，测量的间接性要求必须采用一些非常复杂的数学程序来分析
误差，这样才能确定出一个表征数值大小的“最佳值”。
② gross error
refraction [ri'frækʃən] n. 折光，折射
New Words (continue) trigonometric [,triɡənə'metrik] a. calibration [,kæli'breiʃən] n. unquantifiable [,ʌnkwɔnti'faiəbl] a.
graduated ['ɡrædjueitid] a. 分度的
theodolite [θi'ɔdəlait] n.
经纬仪
bubble dexterity blunder
['bʌbl] n. [dek'sterəti] n. ['blʌndə] n. v.
气泡，泡 灵巧，机敏，灵活，熟练 大错，失误；犯大错，做错
（1） reading （2） instrumental errors （3） inattention （4） be compensated （5） be dealt with
⑷ Mistake actually is not an error because it usually is so gross in magnitude compared to the systematic or random errors.
⑸ Systematic errors follow some physical law and thus can be predicted whereas random errors are introduced into each measurement mainly because of human and instrument imperfections as well as uncertainties in determining the effects of the environment on measurements..