动词不定式的复合结构
6.精品-动词不定式的复合结构和动名词的复合结构

高中英语语法通霸2:动词不定式的复合结构和动名词的复合结构考点1.复合结构“复合宾语”、“动名词的复合结构”和“动词不定式的复合结构”,都含有“复合”二字。
“复合”本意是由多个部分组成之意,在这三种语法结构中,组成的两部分都是“逻辑上的主谓关系”。
①He invited us to come to the party.(us是宾语,to come to the party是宾语补足语;宾语和宾语补足语合在一起称为复合宾语。
宾语和宾语补足语是逻辑上的主谓关系。
)②It’s important for us to learn English well.(it是形式主语,真正的主语是for us to learn Englishwell。
“us”是“to learn English well”的逻辑主语,二者构成了逻辑上的主谓关系。
for somebody to dosomething是动词不定式的复合结构。
)③It’s very kind of you to help me.(of you to help me也是动词不定式的复合结构,you和to help me构成了逻辑上的主谓关系。
)④Tom’s coming late made our teacher angry.(Tom迟到使我们老师生气。
coming是动名词,Tom’s coming late是动名词的复合结构。
Tom是coming late的逻辑主语,二者是逻辑上的主谓关系。
)考点2.动词不定式的复合结构(for sb. to do sth. 与of sb. to do sth.)①It’s important for us to learn English well.我们学好英语很重要。
②It’s kind of you to say that.你这样说,(你)真太好了。
us是to learn English 的逻辑主语;you是to say that的逻辑主语。
复合结构

复合结构动名词复合结构:1.______the meeting himself gave them a great deal of encouragement、A.The president will attend B、The president to attendC、The president attendedD、The president’s attending2.The discovery of new evidence led to_____、A.the thief having caught B、catch the thief C、the thief being caught D、the thief to be caught3.I can hardly imagine Peter_____across the Atlantic Ocean in five days、A.sail B、to sail C、sailing D、to have sailed4._____as the most excellent student in her university,as most classmates had expected,made her parents very happy、A.Mary was chosen B、Mary chosen C、Mary being chosen D、Mary’s being chosen5.I would appreciate____back this afternoon、A、you to callB、you callC、your callingD、you’re calling6、How about the two of us____a walk down the garden?A、to takeB、takeC、takingD、to be takingKeys:1-5 DCCDC 6-10 Bwith复合结构:1.The murder was brought in,with his hands_____behind his back、A.being tied B、having tied C、to be tied D、tied2.With a lot of problems_____,the newly-elected president is having a hard time、A.settled B、settling C、to settle D、Being settled3.I couldn’t do my homework with all the no ise_____、A.going B、goes on C、went on D、to go onKeys:1-5 DCA复合宾语:1.The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see_____the next year、A.carry out B、carrying out C、carried out D、to carry out2.The missing boy was last seen_____near the East Lake、A,playing B、play C、played D、to playws that punish parents for their little children’s actions against the laws get parents_____、A.worried B、to worry C、worrying D、worry4.You should understand the traffic rule by now、You’ve had it____often enough、A.explaining B、to explain C、explain D、explainedKeys:1-5 CAAD独立主格:1.I send you 100 dollars today,the rest_____in a year、A.follows B、followed C、to follow D、being followed2.With so many eyes_____on him,he was too nervous to speak、A.to fix B、fixing C、fixed D、being fixed3._____the light off,we could not go on with the work、A.Until B、As C、With D、Because4._____so short a time left before the deadline,I feel it impossible to get the work finished on time、A.With B、As C、For D、SinceKeys:1-5 CBCA。
动词不定式用法

动词不定式用法不定式是动词的一种非限定式,它是不受主语的单复数、人称、时态、语态等的限定及影响的一种动词形式。
一、动词不定式的基本结构动词不定式的基本形式为:to+动词原形,有时可不带to。
不定式的否定形式是:not to+动词原形。
在句中除不能作谓语外,其他成分都可作。
如:主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语等。
注意:不定式之前的to(又称为小品词)与介词to的功能不同。
介词to之后要接名词或代词的宾格,或相当于名词的短语作它的宾语;而不定式符号to的后面需要跟动词原形。
speak to him (to 是介词) 对他讲话to speak English (to 是不定式的小品词) 讲英语二、动词不定式的用法不定式在句中有各种作用,一般可归类为三种基本用法:作名词,作形容词,作副词。
(一) 不定式作名词的用法不定式起名词作用,在句子中担当主语、表语、宾语和宾语补足语。
⒈作主语名词用法的不定式和名词一样,可担任句子的主语。
To grow more trees here is very important.(=It is very important to grow more trees here.) 在这里多种些树是非常重要的。
To hear your voice is so nice.(=It is so nice to hear your voice.) 听到你的声音真高兴。
To speak English well is not easy for me.(=It is not easy for me to speak English.) 把英语说好对我来说并不容易。
To walk to school takes me twenty minutes.(=It takes me twenty minutes to walk to school.) 步行到学校我要花20分钟。
注意:在It is… to…”的句型中,it是形式主语,真正的主语是不定式;使用这种结构,可以避免句子的头重脚轻。
动词不定式的句法作用和复合结构

动词不定式的句法作用和复合结构〔关键词〕动词不定式;复合结构;句法动词不定式的句法作用由于动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征,所以它在句中可作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语。
1. 作主语First of all,to understand the teacher wasn’t easy when she talked.但在多数情况下,特别是在口语中,常常用it来代替不定式作主语,而把不定式移到句中后部去,这样使句子显得比较平稳。
It叫做形式主语,不定式叫做真正主语,故上句可改为:First of all,it wasn’t easy to understand the teacher when she talked.某些表示人的品行的形容词(如kind,good,nice,wrong,careless,wise,foolish,polite,clever,right,unwise,stupid,thoughtful,rude,silly,impolite)作表语时,不定式前常可用of引起的短语,即“be+形容词+of+名词(或代词宾格)+不定式”。
如:It is very kind of you to help me.2. 作表语Her wish is to become a pop singer.3. 作宾语I want to be a teacher when I’m older.能直接跟不定式作宾语的动词很多,常见的有:want,like,wish,hate,prefer,hope,try,ask,offer,start,forget,remember,decide,agree,choose,promise,expect等。
另外,在一些复合宾语中,常用it代表不定式,作形式宾语,把不定式放在后面。
如:I find it interesting to study English.4. 作定语I have a lot of work to do.不定式作定语时,须放在被修饰的名词或代词之后。
动词不定式的复合结构

动词不定式有很多种主语;不定式做主语,常常用it做形式主语,而把不定式放后面表语:多说情况下,不定式做表语,可转换为做主语宾语:只能做某些动词的宾语,一般不做介词的宾语定语:不定式做定语,要放在修饰词的后面状语:不定式做状语,其逻辑主语要和主语一致英语的四大复合结构英语的复合结构由两个部分组成:一个部分表示人或者物,另一个部分表示动作或者状态。
两个部分之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系,就是第一部分的人或物是第二部分动作的执行者或承受者,或者,第二部分所表示的状态就是第一部分所表示的人或物所处的状态。
例如:We think a good knowledge of English as necessary as an excellent ability to communicate in the work of a foreign affairs official. (英语必不可少)With stepping stones along the road, you don’t have to walk in the mud. (沿路的是石头)英语中有四大复合结构:1. 动词不定式的复合结构 ( for sb to do sth ) Please find some work for the children to do. (孩子们做工作) The book is too difficult for me to read, (我读不懂)2. 动名词的复合结构(sb’s / sb doing sth )His being late again made the teacher angry. (他迟到)Would you mind my / me smoking here? (我抽烟)动名词复合结构不在句首时可以用“宾格加动名词”。
以上两种结构中,一个只能用不定式表示动作,一个只能用动名词;而在下面两个结构中,可以有多种词性的词表示动作或状态。
动词不定式的10种常见结构_吴安运

常见结构词不定式的10种一般来说,动词不定式由不定式符号“to+动词原形”构成,在句中不能单独作谓语,也不受主语人称和谓语动词的时态变化的干扰。
动词不定式具有动词的性质,有形式的变化,也可以有自己的宾语和状语,从而构成动词不定式短语。
动词不定式具有名词、形容词或副词的某些特点,在句中可以作除谓语以外的所有句子成分,包括主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语和状语。
现就动词不定式的10种常见结构进行一下归纳。
1.“疑问词+不定式”结构不定式可以和疑问代词who ,whom ,what ,which 和疑问副词when ,where ,how 以及连词whether 等连用,表示义务或可能性,在句中作主语、表语、宾语和同位语等,可分别扩展为相对应的名词性从句。
Where to hold the meeting is not known yet.在哪里开会还不知道呢。
(主语=where we should hold the meeting )They will teach us how to operate the machine.他们将教我们怎样使用这台机器。
(宾语=how we should operate the machine )The question is which way to take.问题是采用哪一个方法。
(表语=which way we should take )She had no idea how to help him.她不知道该如何去帮助他。
(同位语=how she should help him )【注意】英语中一般不用why to do 这一结构。
2.“形容词+不定式”结构英语中的形容词可以和动词不定式搭配,构成一些常用的句子结构。
□吴安运伴你走进课堂课程导学课程导学(1)too...to...结构too...to...结构常用来表示结果,意思是“太……以致不能……”,是用肯定的形式来表达否定的意思。
动词不定式的复合结构

动词不定式有很多种主语;不定式做主语,常常用it做形式主语,而把不定式放后面表语:多说情况下,不定式做表语,可转换为做主语宾语:只能做某些动词的宾语,一般不做介词的宾语定语:不定式做定语,要放在修饰词的后面状语:不定式做状语,其逻辑主语要和主语一致英语的四大复合结构英语的复合结构由两个部分组成:一个部分表示人或者物,另一个部分表示动作或者状态。
两个部分之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系,就是第一部分的人或物是第二部分动作的执行者或承受者,或者,第二部分所表示的状态就是第一部分所表示的人或物所处的状态。
例如:We think a good knowledge of English as necessary as an excellent ability to communicate in the work of a foreign affairs official. (英语必不可少)With stepping stones along the road, you don’t have to walkin the mud. (沿路的是石头)英语中有四大复合结构:1. 动词不定式的复合结构 ( for sb to do sth )Please find some work for the children to do. (孩子们做工作) The book is too difficult for me to read, (我读不懂)2. 动名词的复合结构(sb’s / sb doing sth )His being late again made the teacher angry. (他迟到)Would you mind my / me smoking here? (我抽烟)动名词复合结构不在句首时可以用“宾格加动名词”。
以上两种结构中,一个只能用不定式表示动作,一个只能用动名词;而在下面两个结构中,可以有多种词性的词表示动作或状态。
复合结构

复合结构一.定义结构二.不定式的复合结构三.动名词的复合结构四.独立主格五.复合宾语with的复合结构【大展身手】动名词复合结构:1.______the meeting himself gave them a great deal of encouragement.A.The president will attendB.The president to attendC.The president attendedD.The president’s attending2.The discovery of new evidence led to_____.A.the thief having caughtB.catch the thiefC.the thief being caughtD.the thief to be caught3.I can hardly imagine Peter_____across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.A.sailB.to sailC.sailingD.to have sailed4._____as the most excellent student in her university,as most classmates had expected,made her parents very happy.A.Mary was chosenB.Mary chosenC.Mary being c hosenD.Mary’s being chosen5.I would appreciate____back this afternoon.A.you to callB.you callC.your callingD.you’re calling6.How about the two of us____a walk down the garden?A.to takeB.takeC.takingD.to be takingKeys:1-5 DCCDC 6-10 Bwith复合结构:1.The murder was brought in,with his hands_____behind his back.A.being tiedB.having tiedC.to be tiedD.tied2.With a lot of problems_____,the newly-elected president is having a hard time.A.settledB.settlingC.to settleD. Being settled3.I couldn’t do my homework with all the noise_____.A.goingB.goes onC.went onD. to go onKeys:1-5 DCA复合宾语:1.The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see_____the next year.A.carry outB.carrying outC.carried outD.to carry out2.The missing boy was last seen_____near the East Lake.A,playing B.play C.played D.to playws that punish parents for their little children’s actions against the laws get parents_____.A.worriedB.to worryC.worryingD.worry4.You should understand the traffic rule by now.You’ve had it____often enough.A.explainingB.to explainC.explainD.explainedKeys:1-5 CAAD独立主格:1.I send you 100 dollars today,the rest_____in a year.A.followsB.followedC.to followD.being followed2.With so many eyes_____on him,he was too nervous to speak.A.to fixB.fixingC.fixedD.being fixed3._____the light off,we could not go on with the work.A.UntilB.AsC.WithD.Because4._____so short a time left before the deadline,I feel it impossible to get the work finished on time.A.WithB.AsC.ForD.SinceKeys:1-5 CBCA。
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动词不定式有很多种
主语;不定式做主语,常常用it 做形式主语,而把不定式放后面表语:
多说情况下,不定式做表语,可转换为做主语
宾语:
只能做某些动词的宾语,一般不做介词的宾语
定语:
不定式做定语,要放在修饰词的后面
状语:
不定式做状语,其逻辑主语要和主语一致
英语的四大复合结构
英语的复合结构由两个部分组成:
一个部分表示人或者物,另一个部分表示动作或者状态。
两个部分之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系,就是第一部分的人或物是第二部分动作的执行者或承受者,或者,第二部分所表示的状态就是第一部分所表示的人或物所处的状态。
例如:
With stepping stones along the road, you don ' t have to wa(kih the
mud.
路的是石头)
英语中有四大复合结构:
1 .动词不定式的复合结构( for sb to do sth )Please find some work for the children to do. (孩子们做工作)The book is too difficult for me to read, (我读不懂)
2 .动名词的复合结构(sb' s / sb doing st)h His being late again made the teacher an gry.(他迟至U) Would you mi nd my / me smoki ng here?俄抽烟)
动名词复合结构不在句首时可以用“宾格加动名词”。
以上两种结构中,一个只能用不定式表示动作,一个只能用动名词;而在下面两个结构中,可以有多种词性的词表示动作或状态。
3.独立主格结构(主格名词或代词+补足成分)
The work finished, we stopped for a drink. (分词)She looked angrily at the pretty girl, her face white and hereyes green.(形容词)
Sword in hand, the man came at me(. 介词短语)
独立主格结构在句子中做状语,表原因或伴随状态。
4.复合宾语(宾语+宾语补足语)
His speech made us laugh(. 不定式)
When she woke up, she found herself in hospital.(介词短语)I want the house pain ted white.(分词)
Don' t keep the lightson all the nigh(t. 副词。
这类副词还有:
here, there, home, back, off, away, out, in, up, down 等)We consider him one of our best friends.(名词)
We found the movie wonderful. (形容词)
能够接复合宾语的动词可分为三类:
(1). 感官类,如:
see,notice,watch,observe,hear,feel 等
(2). 意识类,如:
believe,th in k,suppose,c on sider,wish 等
(3). 使动类,如:
keep, leave; make, have, let等
除动词可以接复合宾语外,介词with 也可以接复合宾语,在句子中做状语和定语。
The farmers found some stone with writing on it. (定语)With a lot of work to do, he got up early and hurried to theworkshop.(状语)
与动词一样,With 复宾中的宾语补足语也可以由各种结构来充当。
英语语法With 的复合结构用的较多,以下是用法: 表伴随时,既可用分词的独立结构,也可用with 的复合结构。
with +名词(代词)+现在分词/过去分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语举例:
He stood there, his hand raised.
= He stood there, with his hand raise.
典型例题:
The murder was brought in, with his hands ___ behind hisback。
A. being tied
B. having tied
C. to be tied
D. tied
答案
D. with +名词(代词)+分词+介词短语结构。
当分词表示伴随状况时,其主语常常用with 来引导。
由于本句中名词"手"与分词"绑"是被动关系,因此用过去分词,选
D.
、/■ I ■ '。
宀
注意:
1)独立主格结构使用介词的问题:
当介词是in 时,其前后的两个名词均不加任何成分(如物主代词或冠词),也不用复数。
但with 的复合结构不受此限制
A robber burst into the room, knife in hand.
( hand 前不能加his)。
2)当表人体部位的词做逻辑主语时,及物动词用现在分词,不及物动词用过去分词。
He lay there, his teeth set, his hand clenched, his eyeslooking straight up. 典型例题:Weather___, we'll go out for a walk.
A permitted
B permitting
C permits
D for permitting
答案
B.本题中没有连词,它不是复合句,也不是并列句。
句中使用了逗号,且we 小写,可知其不是两个简单句。
能够这样使用的只有独立主格或with 的复合结构。
据此判断,本句中使用的是独立结构,其结构为:
名词+分词。
由于permit 在这里翻译为'天气允许',表主动,应用现在分词,故选B。
如果不会判断独立结构作状语的形式,不妨将句子改为条件句,例如本句改为If weather permits, we'll go out for a walk. 然后将if 去掉,再将谓语动词改为非谓语动词即可。