2019年12月大学英语四六级语法讲义考研资料
2019年12月大学英语四级语法讲义:全部倒装

2019年12月大学英语四级语法讲义:全部倒装
一种情况就是,仍然是主、谓、宾结构,谓语动词都有时态、人称的变化,把谓语动词上的助动词提到了主语的前面,这个就叫做部分倒装。
全部倒装的情况:
实行时态在变为倒装的时候要变为一般现在时。
here/away/out/ 在英语当中称作方位副词或时间副词。
①当首句为方位或时间副词,谓语动词为go,come等时通常用全部倒装。
如果是实行时态的话,倒装后要改为一般现在时。
Then came the hour we had been looking forward to. 方位副词或时间副词置于句首
② 如果句首出现了地点状语,句子也能够实行全部倒装。
③ 当句子当中出现分词结构的时候,能够把现在分词或过去分词和地点状语联系在一起放在句首,把be 动词留在中间当作谓语动词,主语放在后面。
eg. 访问北京的是300名日本青年。
/ 300名日本青年正在访问北京。
全部倒装的情况:
①当首句为方位或时间副词,谓语动词为go,come等时通常用全部倒装。
② 如果句首出现了地点状语,句子也能够实行全部倒装。
③ 当句子当中出现分词结构的时候,能够把现在分词或过去分词和地点状语联系在一起放在句首,把be 动词留在中间当作谓语动词,主语放在后面。
主要出现在阅读当中,在翻译当中考到全部倒装的可能性比较小。
2019年12月大学英语四六级抢分班语法讲义

2019年12月大学英语四六级抢分班语法(夏伟)2019年12月大学英语四六级抢分班语法讲义第一章基本语法体系1.1.简单句1.2.___________/__________1.3.时态/助动词1.4.从句由来1.5.尾重原则1.6.名词+v-ed第二章从句附录:一.连词1并列连词and和;并且;因此or或;否则but但是;而是yet但是nor也不so也是;因此while虽然;然而whereas虽然;然而2定语从句连词代词性连词who(whom);which;that;as;than副词性连词when;where;why;whereby(=by which)形容词性连词whose3状语从句连词时间when;while;as;whenever;since;as soon as;once地点where;wherever条件if;unless;as long as;in case;on condition结果so…that…;such…that…目的so that;in order that;lest;for fear原因as;because;now that;seeing(that);since让步whether…or…;notwithstanding;though;for all that…;however4名词性从句连词主语/宾语从句代词性连词what;which;who/whom/whose;whatever;whichever;whoever/whomever副词性连词when;where;why;how从属连词(不影响从句完整性)that;whether同位语从句从属连词(不影响从句完整性)that;whether二.连词间联系状语从句:when=at(或其他介词)the time when(定从);where=in the place where(定从)名词性从句:when=the time when(定从);where=the place where(定从)三.that可代替副词性连词引导定语从句that可以用做副词性连词,代替when,where,how,why引导定语从句,表示时间、地点、方式、原因等。
2019年12月大学英语四级口语讲义考研资料

四级口语考试主讲:李斯杰一、四级口语考试简介(一)考前须知;(二)考试形式&内容&具体流程;(三)评分方法&标准;(四)考前准备;二、口语考试热身环节:自我介绍三、口语考试第一环节:短文朗读四、口语基础1.如何审题;2.如何延展一个话题;3.如何讲清楚一件事(物、地、人);五、口语考试第二环节:简短问答六、口语考试第三环节:个人陈述七、口语考试第四环节:小组互动八、模拟演练一、四级口语考试简介(一)考前须知问:这个四级口语考试必须考吗?答:自愿报考。
问:不报考口语考试,有什么后果?答:没什么后果,还省了50块钱报名费。
就是成绩单下来会有点丑。
问:口语过了笔试没过,下次重新考,这次的口语成绩还有效吗?答:有效。
问:已经通过了上半年的四级笔试,能报本次的四级口语考试吗?答:不能。
只有报考了本次的四级笔试,才能报考11月的四级口试。
问:报考以后,如果笔试通过,口语不通过,会影响我的笔试成绩和证书发放吗?答:不会影响。
也不会显示口语成绩。
问:我可以不考四级口语,考六级口语吗?答:可以。
问:报名口语考试缺考有什么后果?答:成绩单上口语成绩一栏显示一条斜杠。
问:口语考试成绩计入总分吗?答:不计入。
710分为笔试分。
口语等级不评分。
问:需要提前打印准考证吗?答:需要。
问:现在准备来得及吗?答:来得及。
1.报名时间2019年12月报名时间预计为8月底至9月底;具体时间和方式以全国大学四六级考试网站()发布公告为准。
2.报名条件完成当次四级笔试报考后,方可报考四级口试。
例如:完成2019年12月CET4报考后,可报考2019年11月CET-SET4。
(1)考试对象限制在普通高校内部四年制或以上根据教育大纲修完大学英语四级的本科生;(2)同等程度的大专生或硕士研究生经所在学校同意,可在本校报名参加考试;(3)同等程度的夜大或函授大学学生经所在学校同意,可在本校报名参加考试;从2007年1月的考试开始,大学英语四六级考试将不再对社会考生开放,只对在校大学生开放。
四六级语法讲义

四级语法讲义一:时态:,就是时间+状态。
谓语动词的时态见下表:1.主动形式2.被动形式❖CET-4 常考的三种时态:过去完成时;将来完成时;(现在/过去)完成进行时。
❖时间状语从句当中的时态:一般过去时所有的过去用一般现在时表示现在和将来现在完成时现在完成和将来完成一.非谓语动词一.不定式:一)不定式的常考形式:1)一般形式:He decided to work harder in order to catch up withthe others.被动形式: He preferred to be assigned some heavier work to do.语法功能:表示与谓语动词同步发生2)完成形式:He pretended not to have seen me.被动形式:The book is said to have been translated into many languages.语法功能:表示发生在谓语动词之前二)不定式常考的考点:1)不定式做定语----将要发生2)不定式做状语----目的3)不定式充当名词功能---To see is to believe.三)不定式的省略1)感官动词 see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel+ do表示动作的完整性,真实性;+ doing表示动作的连续性,进行性I saw him work in the garden yesterday.昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。
(强调"我看见了"这个事实)I saw him working in the garden yesterday.昨天我见他正在花园里干活。
(强调"我见他正干活"这个动作)❖感官动词后面接形容词而不是副词:The cake tastes good; It feels comfortable.2) 使役动词 have bid make let 等词后不定式要省略但同1)一样被动以后要还原toI ‘d like to have John do it.I have my package weighed.Paul doesn’t have to be ma de to learn.3) help help sb do help sb to do help do help to do四)有些动词后只跟不定式如:want,wish,hope,manage,promise,refuse,pretend,plan,offer,decide,agree,expect allow sb to do, cause sb to do , permit sb to do, enable sb to doforce sb to do. be more likely to do love to do warn sb to do be able to dobe ambitious to do. begin to do . start to do五) 有的时候to后面要接-ing形式accustom (oneself) to; be accustomed to; face up to; in addition to;look forward to; object to; be reduced to; resign oneself to; be resigned to; resort to; sink to; be used to; be alternative to; be close/closeness to; be dedication/dedicated to; beopposition/opposed to; be similarity/similar to.三、need/want 后的-ing形式具有被动的意思。
2019年12月英语四级真题解析(英语学习).doc

2019年12月英语四级真题解析(英语学习)今年的四级考试很多人都会说很难,四级每种题型有什么特点?下面就跟一起看看今年的各部分题型特点吧,希望可以对大家的备考有帮助。
2019年12月四级考试如期进行。
从笔者拿到的套题的阅读部分来看,整体难度适中,较往年趋于平稳。
选词填空部分(关于《children’s cognitive abilities儿童认知能力》)首先从选项设计上看,四大词性(名、动、形、副)考查数量分布均匀(3233),不确定形式(Ving 和Ved)共4个,另外只有advocate 一个词属于一词多性的情况,相对选项设计总体难度属于中等偏易。
再看文章部分,谈论的是关于儿童认知(children’s cognitive abilities)方面的知识的话题,属于小冷门,但文章语言表达适中,且短句占主体,平衡了话题生僻对考试带来的解题障碍。
其中cognitive还给出了中文注解,也正好应验了中文重要性的应试知识要点。
同时,空格设置处的词性相对比较容易判断,例如,名词前给出了单复数的区别的代词those作为提示,又例如,非谓语动词只考查了一个正在进行时,而做后置定语或状语的高难度应用本篇没有涉及。
段落匹配部分(The Perfect Essay)首先看备选的十个小标题,均无长难句,同时出现大量重复信息,例如除了与文章title 本身密切相关的essay ,flaw,flawless,perfection 以外,还有mother,criticism,从而能顺利预测出文章谈及的是通过母亲的有建设性的批评,提升作者的写作能力。
这也是先题后文解决段落匹配的技巧。
从长文章的段落设计上看,一共11段(K),属于段落数量适中的情况,也为匹配选择降低难度。
但对于所谓长阅读文章只看开头结尾的谬论,用真题再次给予回击,十道匹配中至少3题涉及段落中间部分,2题涉及对全段进行总结。
仔细阅读部分保持一贯的难易结合(即一篇相对简单,另一篇略有难度),第一篇文章(Silicon Valley)相对容易,文章讨论为何在其他地方无法复制硅谷(Silicon Valley)成功的原因。
2019年12月英语四级备考资料:考试大纲词汇(I)

2019年12月英语四级备考资料:考试大纲词汇(I) I/ ai/ pron.(主格)我ice/ ais/ n.冰,冰块 vt.冰镇ice-cream/ ‘ais’kri:m/ n.冰淇淋idea/ ai’di?/ n.想法;思想;意见ideal/ ai’di?l/ a.理想的;观点的identical/ ai’dentik?l/ a.完全相同的;同一的identify/ ai’dentifai/ vt.认出,识别,鉴定idle/ ‘aidl/ a.空闲的;懒散的if/ if/ conj.假如,如果ignorant/ ‘ign?r?nt/ a.不知道的;无知的ignore/ ig’n?:/ vt.不顾,不理,忽视ill/ il/ a.有病的;坏的 ad.坏illegal/ i’li:g?l/ a.不合法的,非法的illness/ ‘ilnis/ n.病,疾病illustrate/ ‘il?streit/ vt.(用图等)说明illustration/ il?s’trei??n/ n.说明,图解;例证image/ ‘imid?/ n.像;形象;映象imaginary/ i’m?d?in?ri/ a.想象中的,假想的imagination/ im?d?i’nei??n/ n.想象;想象力;空想imagine/ i’m?d?in/ vt.想象,设想;料想imitate/ ‘imiteit/ vt.模仿,仿效;仿制immediate/ i’mi:dj?t/ a.立即的;直接的immense/ i’mens/ a.巨大的;极好的immigrant/ ‘imigr?nt/ n.移民 a.移民的impact/ ‘imp?kt/ n.影响,作用;冲击impatien t/ im’pei??nt/ a.不耐烦的,急躁的implication/ impli’kei??n/ n.含义,暗示,暗指imply/ im’plai/ vt.暗示,意指import/ im’p?:t ‘imp?:t/ vt.&n.输入,进口importance/ im’p?:t?ns/ n.重要;重要性important/ im’p?:t?nt/ a.重要的;有势力的impose/ im’p?uz/ vt.把…强加;征(税)impossible/ im’p?s?bl/ a.不可能的,办不到的impress/ im’pres, ‘impres/ vt.给…深刻印象impression/ im’pre??n/ n.印;印象;印记impressive/ im’presiv/ a.给人印象深刻的improve/ im’pru:v/ vt.使更好 vi.改善improvement/ im’pru:vm?nt/ n.改进,改善;改进处in/ in/ prep.在…里ad.进,入inch/ int?/ n.英寸incident/ ‘insid?nt/ n.发生的事;事件incline/ in’klain/ n.斜坡 vt.使倾斜include/ in’klu:d/ vt.包括,包含income/ ‘inkΛm/ n.收入;收益;进款increase/ in’kri:s, ‘inkri:s/ vt.&vi.&n.增加increasingly/ in’kri:si?li/ ad.日益,越来越多地indeed/ in’di:d/ ad.真正地;确实independence/ indi’pend?ns/ n.独立,自主,自立independent/ indi’pend?nt/ a.独立的;自主的index/ ‘indeks/ n.索引;指数;指标Indian/ ‘indi?n/ a.印度的 n.印度人indicate/ ‘indikeit/ vt.标示,表示;表明indication/ indi’kei??n/ n.指示;表示;表明indifferent/ in’difr?nt/ a.冷漠的;不积极的indirect/ indi’rekt/ a.间接的;不坦率的indispensable/ indis’pens?bl/ a.必不可少的,必需的individual/ indi’vidju?l/ a.个别的;独特的indoors/ in’d?:z/ ad.在室内,在屋里industrial/ in’dΛstri?l/ a.工业的;产业的industrialize/ in’dΛstri?laiz/ vt.使工业化industry/ ‘ind?stri/ n.工业,产业;勤劳inevitable/ in’evit?bl/ a.不可避免的,必然的infant/ ‘inf?nt/ n.婴儿 a.婴儿的infect/ in’fekt/ vt.传染;感染infer/ in’f?:/ vt.推论,推断;猜想inferior/ in’fi?ri?/ a.下等的;劣等的infinite/ ‘infinit/ a.无限的;无数的influence/ ‘influ?ns/ n.影响;势力 vt.影响influential/ influ’en??l/ a.有影响的;有权势的inform/ in’f?:m/ vt.通知,向…报告information/ inf?’mei??n/ n.消息,信息;通知inhabitant/ in’h?bit?nt/ n.居民,住户inherit/ in’herit/ vt.继承(传统等)initial/ i’ni??l/ a.最初的;词首的injection/ in’d?ek??n/ n.注射,注入;充满injure/ ‘ind??/ vt.伤害,损害,损伤injury/ ‘ind??ri/ n.损害,伤害;受伤处ink/ i?k/ n.墨水,油墨inn/ in/ n.小旅店;小酒店inner/ ‘in?/ a.内部的;内心的innocent/ ‘in?snt/ a.清白的,幼稚的inpu t/ ‘input/ n.输入;投入的资金inquire/ in’kwai?/ vt.打听,询问;调查inquiry/ in’kwai?ri/ n.询问,打听;调查insect/ ‘insekt/ n.昆虫,虫insert/ in’s?:t, ‘ins?:t/ vt.插入; 嵌入; 登载inside/ in’said/ prep.在…里面 n.内部insist/ in’sist/ vi.坚持;坚持要求inspect/ in’spekt/ vt.检查,审查;检阅inspire/ in’spai?/ vt.鼓舞;给…以灵感install/ in’st?:l/ vt.安装,设置installation/ inst?’lei??n/ n.安装;装置;设施instance/ ‘inst?ns/ n.例子,实例,事例instant/ ‘inst?nt/ n.瞬间 a.立即的instead/ in’sted/ ad.代替,顶替;反而instinct/ ‘insti?kt/ n.本能;直觉;生性institute/ ‘institju:t/ n.研究所;学院institution/ insti’tju:??n/ n.协会;制度,习俗instruct/ in’strΛkt/ vt.教;指示;通知instruction/ in’strΛk??n/ n.命令;教学;教训instrument/ ‘instrum?nt/ n.仪器;工具;乐器insult/ ‘insΛlt, in’sΛlt/ vt.&n.侮辱,凌辱insurance/ in’?u?r?ns/ n.保险;保险费insure/ in’?u?/ vt.给…保险;确保intellectual/ i nti’lektju?l/ n.知识分子 a.智力的intelligence/ in’telid??ns/ n.智力;理解力;情报intelligent/ in’telid??nt/ a.聪明的;理智的intend/ in’tend/ vt.想要,打算;意指intense/ in’tens/ a.强烈的;紧张的intensity/ in’tensiti/ n.强烈,剧烈;强度intensive/ in’tensiv/ a.增强的;精耕细作的intention/ in’ten??n/ n.意图,意向,目的interaction/ int?’r?k??n/ n.相互作用;干扰interest/ ‘intrist/ n.兴趣;利益;利息interesting/ ‘intristi?/ a.有趣的,引人入胜的interfere/ int?’fi?/ vi.干涉,干预;妨碍interference/ int?’fi?r?ns/ n.干涉,干预;防碍interior/ in’ti?ri?/ a.内的;内地的n.内部intermediate/ int?’mi:dj?t/ a.中间的;中级的internal/ in’t?:nl/ a.内的;国内的international/ int?(:)’n???nl/ a.国际的,世界(性)的interpret/ in’t?:prit/ vt.解释,说明;口译interpretation/ int?:pri’tei??n/ n.解释;口译interrupt/ int?’rΛpt/ vt.打断,打扰;中止interval/ ‘int?v?l/ n.间隔;休息;间距interview/ ‘int?vju:/ n.接见;会见;面谈intimate/ ‘intimit/ a.亲密的;个人的into/ ‘intu, ‘int?/ prep.进,入;进入到introduce/ ‘intr?’dju:s/ vt.介绍;引进,传入introduction/ intr?’dΛk??n/ n.介绍;引进;引言invade/ in’veid/ vt.入侵,侵略;侵袭invasion/ in’vei??n/ n.入侵,侵略;侵犯invent/ in’vent/ vt.发明,创造;捏造invention/ in’ven??n/ n.发明,创造;捏造inv entor/ in’vent?/ n.发明者;发明家invest/ in’vest/ vt.投资;投入investigate/ in’vestigeit/ vt.&vi.调查investment/ in’vestm?nt/ n.投资,投资额,投入invisible/ in’viz?bl/ a.看不见的,无形的invitation/ invi’tei??n/ n.邀请,招待;请柬invite/ in’vait/ vt.邀请,聘请;招待involve/ in’v?lv/ vt.使卷入;牵涉inward/ ‘inw?d/ a.里面的 ad.向内iron/ ‘ai?n/ n.铁;烙铁 vt.烫(衣)island/ ‘ail?nd/ n.岛,岛屿isolate/ ‘ais?leit/ vt.使隔离,使孤立issue/ ‘i?u:/ n.问题;发行 vt.发行it/ it/ pron.这,那,它Italian/ i’t?lj?n/ a. 意大利的n.意大利人item/ ‘ait?m/ n.条,条款;一条its/ its/ pron.它的itself/ it’self/ pron.它自己;自身。
2019年12月四级考试真题及参考答案完整版

2019年12月四级考试真题及参考答案完整版(第一套)Part Ⅰ WritingDirections: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter to a foreign friend who wants to learn Chinese. Please recommend a university to him. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.【参考范文】Dear Lucy,I am delighted to hear that you are going to learn Chinese in a Chinese university. Since you have asked for my advice about choosing which university, I will try to give you some useful suggestions here.It is well known that Peking University is a great place to learn Chinese. There are several factors accounting for this choice and the following are the most typical ones. First and foremost, Peking University is one of the top universities in China and the birthplace of many great minds. Therefore, it can provide high-quality teaching resources, which is essential for a foreigner learner.In addition, Beijing is the capital of China and there are various historic buildings. They provide foreign students a good chance to know Chinese culture and history.I hope you will find these suggestions helpful and wish you all the best.Yours,Li MingPart Ⅱ Listening ComprehensionSection AQuestions l and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.1.A)Many facilities were destroyed by a wandering cow.B)A wandering cow knocked down one of its fences.C)Some tourists were injured by a wandering cow.D)A wandering cow was captured by the police.2. A)It was shot to death by a police officer.B)It found its way back to the par k’s zoo.C)It became a great attraction for tourists.D)It was sent to the animal control department.Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.3. A)It is the largest of its kind.B)It is going to be expanded.C)It is displaying more fossil specimens.D)It is staring an online exhibition.4. A)A collection of bird fossils from Australia.B)Photographs of certain rare fossil exhibits.C)Some ancient wall paintings from Australia.D)Pictures by winners of a wildlife photo contest.Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.5. A)Pick up trash.B)Amuse visitors.C)Deliver messages.D)Play with children.6. A)They are especially intelligent.B)They are children’s favorite.C They are quite easy to tame.D)They are clean and pretty.7. A)Children may be harmed by the rooks.B)Children may be tempted to drop litter.C)Children may contract bird diseases.D)Children may overfeed the rooks.Section BQuestions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.8. A)It will be produced at Harvard University.B)It will be hosted by famous professors.C)It will cover different areas of science.D)It will focus on recent scientific discoveries.9. A)It will be more futuristic.B)It will be more systematic.C)It will be more entertaining.D)It will be easier to understand.10. A)People interested in science.B)Youngsters eager to explore.C)Children in their early teens.D)Students majoring in science.11. A)Offer professional advice.B)Provide financial support.C)Help promote it on the Internet.D)Make episodes for its first season.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12. A)Unsure.B)Helpless.C)Concerned.D)Dissatisfied.13. A)He is too concerned with being perfect.B)He loses heart when faced with setbacks.C)He is too ambitious in achieving goals.D)He takes on projects beyond his ability.14. A)Embarrassed.B)Unconcerned.C)Miserable.D)Resentful.15. A)Try to be optimistic whatever happens.B)Compare his present with his past only.C)Always learn from others’ achievements.D)Treat others the way he would be treated.Section CQuestions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16. A)They have a stronger sense of social responsibility.B)They are more likely to succeed in the humanities.C)They are more likely to become engineers.D)They have greater potential to be leaders.17.A)Praise girls who like to speak up frequently.B)Encourage girls to solve problems on their own.c)Insist that boys and girls work together more.D)Respond more positively to boys’ comments.18. A)Offer personalized teaching materials.B)Provide a variety of optional courses.C)Place great emphasis on test scores.D)Pay extra attention to top students.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.19. A)It often rains cats and dogs.B)It seldom rains in summer time.C)It does not rain as much as people think.D)It is one of the most rainy cities in the US.20. A)They drive most of the time.B)The rain is usually very light.C)They have got used to the rain.D)The rain comes mostly at night.21. A)It has a lot of places for entertainment.B)It has never seen thunder and lighting.C)It has fewer cloudy days than any other coastal city.D)It has mild weather both in summer and in winter.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.22. A)It occurs when people are doing a repetitive activity.B)It results from exerting one’s muscles continuously.C)It happens when people engage in an uncommon activity. D)It comes from staining one’s muscles in an unusual way.23. A)Blood flow and body heat increase in the affected area. B)Body movements in the affected area become difficult.C)They begin to make repairs immediately.D)They gradually become fragmented.24. A)About one week.B)About two days.C)About ten days.D)About four weeks.25. A)Apply muscle creams.B)Drink plenty of water.C)Have a hot shower.D)Take pain-killers.Part Ⅲ Reading ComprehensionSection AQuestions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.Finally, some good news about airplane travel. If you are on a plane with a sick passenger, you are unlikely to get sick. That is the 26 of a new study that looked at how respiratory (呼吸道)viruses 27 on airplanes. Researchers found that only people who were seated in individual - had a high risk of catching the illness. All other passengers had only a very 28 chance of getting sick according to the findings. Media reports have not necessarily presented.29 information about the risk of getting infected on an airplane in the past. Therefore , these new findings should help airplane passengers to feel less 30 to catching respiratory infections while traveling by air.Prior to the new study. litter was known about the risks of getting 31 infected by common respiratory viruses, such as the flu or common cold, on an airplane, the researchers said. So, to 32 the risks of infection, the study team flew on 10 different 33 in the US. 34 side of a person infected with flu, as well as those sitting one roe in font of or behind this individual, had about an 80 person chance of getting sick. But other passengers were 35 safe from infection. They had a less than 3 percent chance of catching the flu.A)accurate B)conclusion C)directlyD)either E)evaluate F)explorationsG)flights H)largely I)nearbyJ)respond K)slim L)spreadM)summit N)vividly O)vulnerable【参考答案】26-30 BLKAO31-35 CEGDHSection BA South Korean city designed for the future takes on a life of its ownA)Getting around a city is one thing —and then there’s the matter of getting from one city to another. One vision of the perfect city of the future: a place that offers easy access to air travel.In 2011, a University of North Carolina business professor named John Kasarda published a book called Aerotropolis: The Way We’ll Live Next. Kasarda says future cities should be built intentionally around or near airports. The idea, as he has put it, is to offer businesses “rapid, long-distance connectivity on a massive scale.”B)“The 18th century really was a waterborne (水运的)century, the 19th century a rail century. the 20th century a highway, car, truck century一and the 21st century will increasingly be an aviation century, as the globe becomes increasingly connected by air,” Kasarda says. Songdo, a city built from scratch in South Korea, is one of Kasarda’s prime examples. It has existed for just a few years.“ From the get-go, it was designed on the basis of connectivity and competitiveness,”says Kasada. “The government built the bridge directly from the airport to the Songdo International Business District. And the surface infrastructure was built in tandem with the new airport.”C)Songdo is a ston e’s throw from South Korea’s Incheon Airport, its main international hub (枢纽). But it takes a lot more than a nearby airport to be a city of the future. Just building a place as an “international business district” doesn’t mean it will become one. Park Yeo n Soo conceived (构想)this city of the future back in 1986. He considers Songdo his baby. “I am a visionary,” he says. Thirty years after he imagined the city, Park’s baby is close to 70 percent built, with 36.000 people living in the business district and 90,000 residents in greater Songdo. It’s about an hour outside Seoul, built on reclaimed tidal flats along the Yellow Sea, There’s a Coast Guard building and a tall trade tower, as well as a park, golf course and university.D)Chances are you’ve actually seen this place. Songdo appears in the most famous music video ever to come ou of South Korea. “Gangnam Style” refers to the fashionable Gangnam district in Seoul. But some of the video was filmed in Songdo.“I don’t know if you remember, there was a scene in a subwaystation. That was not Gangnam. That was actually Songdo,” says Jung Won Son, a professor of urban development at London’s Bartlett School of Planning, “Part of the reason to shoot there is that it’s new and nice.”E)The city was supposed to be a hub for global companies, with employees from all over the world. But hat’s not how it has turned out. Songdo’s reputation is as a futuristic ghost town. But the reality is more complicated. A bridge with big, light-blue loops leads into the business district. In the center of the main road, there’s a long line of flags of the world. On the corner, there’s a Starbucks and a 7-Eleven--all of the international brands that you see all over the world nowadays.F)The city is not empty. There are mothers pushing strollers, old women with walkers -- even in the middle of the day. when it’s 90 degrees out. Byun Young-Jin chairs the Songdo real estate association and started selling property here when the first phase of the city opened in 2005. He says demand has boomed in the past couple of years. Most of his clients are Korean. In fact, the developer says, 99 percent of the homes here are sold to Koreans. Young families move here because the schools are great. And that’s the problem: Songdo has become a popular Korean city 一more popular as a residential area than a business one. It’s not yet the futuristic international business hub that planners imagined. “It’s a great place to live. And it’s becoming a great place to work,” says Scott Summers, the vice presiden t of Gale International, the developer of the city. The floor-to-ceiling windows of his company’s officesoverlook Songdo Central Park, with a canal full of kayaks and paddle boats. Shimmering (闪烁的)glass towers line the canal’s edge.G)“What’s happened i s, because we focused on creating that quality of life first, which enabled the residents to live here, what has probably missed the mark is for companies to locate here,” he says. “There needs to be strong economic incentives.” The city is still unfinishe d, and it feels a bit like a theme park. It doesn’t feel all that futuristic. There’s a high-tech underground trash disposal system. Buildings are environmentally friendly. Everybody’s television set is connected to a system that streams personalized language or exercise classes.H)But Star Trek this is not. And to some of the residents, Songdo feels hollow. “I’m, like, in prison for weekdays. That’s what we call it in the workplace,” says a woman in her 20s. She doesn’t want to use her name for fear of be ing fired from her job. She goes back to Seoul every weekend. “I say I’mprison-breaking on Friday nights.” But she has to make the prison break in her own car. There’s no high-speed train connecting Songdo to Seoul, just over 20 miles away.I)The man who first imagined Songdo feels frustrated. too. Park says he built South Korea a luxury vehicle, “like Mercedes or BMW. It’s a good car now. But we’re waiting for a good driver to accelerate.” But there are lots of other good cars out there, too. The world is dotted with futuristic, high-tech cities trying to attract the biggest international companiesJ)Songdo’s backers contend that it’s still early, and business space is filling up—about 70 percent of finished offices are now occupied. Brent Ryan, who teaches urban design at MIT, says Songdo proves a universal principle. “There have been a lot of utopian (乌托邦的)cities in history. And the reason we don’t know about a lot of them is that a lot of them have vanished entirely.” In other words, when it comes to cities—or anything else—it is hard to predict the future.36. Songdo’s popularity lies more in its quality of life than its business attraction.37. The man who conceives Songdo feels disappointed because it has fallen short of his expectations.38. A scene in a popular South Korean music video was shot in Songdo.39. Songdo still lacks the financial stimulus for businesses to set up shop there.40. Airplanes will increasingly become the chief means of transportation, according to a professor.41. Songdo has ended up different from the city it was supposed to be.42. Some of the people who work in Songdo complain about boredom in the workplace.43. A business professor says that a future city should have easy access to international transportation.44. Acording to an urban design professor, it is difficult for city designers to foresee what happen in the future.45. Park Yeon So. Who envisioned Songdo, feels a parental connection with the city.【参考答案】36-40 FIDGB41-45 EHAJCSection CPassage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.The fifth largest city in the US passed a significant soda tax proposal that will levy (征税)1.5cents per liquid ounce on distributors.Philadelphia’s new measure was approved by a 13 to 4 city council v ote. It sets a new bar for similar initiatives across the county. It is proof that taxes on sugary drinks can win substantial support outside super-liberal areas. Until now, the only city to successfully pass and implement a soda tax was Berkeley, California, in 2014.The tax will apply to regular and diet sodas, as well as other drinks with added sugar, such as Gatorade and iced teas. It’s expected to raise $410 million over the next five years, most of which will go toward funding a universalpre-kindergarten program for the city.While the city council vote was met with applause inside the council room, opponents to the measure, including soda lobbyists made sharp criticisms and a promise to challenge the tax in court.“The tax passed today unfairly singl es out beverages—including low- andno-calorie choices,” said Lauren Kane, spokeswoman for the American Beverage Association. “But most importantly, it is against the law. So we will side with the majority of the people of Philadelphia who oppose this tax and take legal action to stop it.”An industry backed anti-tax campaign has spent at least $4 million on advertisements. The ads criticized the measure. characterizing it as a“grocery tax.”Public health groups applauded the approved tax as a step toward fixing certain lasting health issues that plague Americans. “The move to recapture a small part of the profits from an industry that pushes a product that contributes to diabetes, obesity and heart disease in poorer communities in order to reinvest in those communities will sure be inspirational to many other places,” said Jim Krieger, executive director of Healthy Food America. “Indeed, we are already hearing from some of them. It’s not just Berkeley’ anymore.”Similar measures in California’s Albany, Oakla nd, San Francisco and Colorado’s Boulder are becoming hot-button issues Health advocacy groups have hinted that even more might be coming.46. What does the passage say about the newly-approved soda tax in Philadelphia?A)It will change the lifestyle of many consumers.B)It may encourage other US cities to follow suit.C)It will cut soda consumption among low-income communities.D)It may influence the marketing strategies of the soda business.47. What will the opponents probably do to respond to the soda tax proposal? A)Bargain with the city council.B)Refuse to pay additional tax.C)Take legal action against it.D)Try to win public support.48. What did the industry-backed anti-tax campaign do about the soda tax proposal?A)It tried to arouse hostile feelings among consumers.B)It tried to win grocers’ support against the measure.C)It kept sending letters of protest to the media.D)It criticized the measure through advertising.49. What did public health groups think the soda tax would do?A)Alert people to the risk of sugar-induced diseases.B)Help people to fix certain long-time health issues.C)Add to the fund for their research on diseases.D)Benefit low-income people across the country.50. What do we learn about similar measures concerning the soda tax in some other cities?A)They are becoming rather sensitive issues.B)They are spreading panic in the soda industry.C)They are reducing the incidence of sugar-induced diseases.D)They are taking away lot of profit from the soda industry.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.Popping food into the microwave for a couple of minutes may seem utterly harmless, but Europe’s stock of these quick-cooking ovens emit as much carbon as nearly 7 million cars, a new study has found. And the problem is growing. With costs falling and kitchen appliances becoming “status” items, owners are throwing away microwaves after an average of eight years. This is pushing sales of new microwaves which are expected to reach 135 million annually in the EU by the end of the decade.A study by the University of Manchester calculated the emissions of CO2—the main greenhouse gas responsible for climate change—at every stage of microwaves, from manufacture to waste disposal. “It is ele ctricity consumption by microwaves that has the biggest impact on the environment,” say the authors. The authors also calculate that the emissions from using 19 microwaves over a year are the same as those from using a car. According to the same study, efforts to reduce consumption should focus on improving consumer awareness and behaviour. For example, consumers could use appliances in a more efficient way by adjusting the time of cooking to the type of food.However, David Reay, professor of carbon management, argues that, although microwaves use a great deal of energy, their emissions are minor compared to those from cars. In the UK alone, there are around 30 million cars. These cars emit more than all the microwaves in the EU. Backing this up, recent data show that passenger cars in the UK emitted 69 million tons of CO2 in 2015. This is 10 times the amount this new microwave oven study estimatesfor annual emissions for all the microwave ovens in the EU. Further, the energy used by microwaves is lower than any other from of cooking. Among common kitchen appliances used for cooking, microwaves are the most energy efficient, followed by a stove and finally a standard oven. Thus, rising microwave sales could be seen as a positive thing.51. What is the finding of the new study?A)Quick-cooking microwave ovens have become more popular.B)The frequent use of microwaves may do harm to our health.C)CO2 emissions constitute a major threat to the environment.D)The use of microwaves emits more CO2 than people think.52. Why are the sales of microwaves expected to rise?A)They are becoming more affordable.B)They have a shorter life cycle than other appliances.C)They are getting much easier to operate.D)They take less time to cook than other appliances.53. What recommendation does the study by the University of Manchester make?A)Cooking food of different varieties.B)Improving microwave users’ habits.C)Eating less to cut energy consumption.D)Using microwave ovens less frequently.54. What does Professor David Reay try to argue?A)There are far more emissions from cars than from microwaves.B)People should be persuaded into using passenger cars less often.C)The UK produces less CO2 than many other countries in the EU.D)More data are needed to show whether microwaves are harmful.55. What does Professor David Reay think of the use of microwaves?A)It will become less popular in the coming decades.B)It makes everyday cooking much more convenient.C)It plays a positive role in environmental protection.D)It consumes more power than conventional cooking.Part Ⅳ Translation中国家庭十分重视孩子的教育。
2019级专升本英语专业专升本复习资料12月份考试资料综合英语四复习资料

《综合英语(四)》复习资料1I. Decide which of the words given below would best complete each of thesentences if inserted in the corresponding blanks. The words can be usedONLY ONCE.hateful, incredible, crucial, meticulous, wantonly, endowed, dejected, subjected,persist, complained, if anything, crisis, print, imminence, gloom1.I was not integrated. I was, ______, disintegrated.2.The muscular gentleman contemplated the hindquarters of the leopard in endless______.3.Nature had ______ the rest of the human race with a sixth sense and left me out.4.It was ______ leaving a warm bed at such an early hour.5.But somehow the ______ of an event that had been long expected, loved, fearedand prepared for made them ______.6.Once an opinion is accepted, it has a strong tendency to ______.7.When the word waster appears in ______ nowadays, ______ is rarely far behind.8.______ as it may sound, the story of the fish and oranges was true.9.They wrung their hands and ______ to one another about their men’sunfaithfulness.10.I have ______ every postulate that presented itself to the ______ test of actualexperiment.11.The earl ______ destroys what he had no use for, but the anaconda doesn’t.12.Charles Darwin was a rigorous, ______ scientist.I.II. Fill in the gaps with appropriate adverbs or prepositions.1. A sadist is a person who takes pleasure ____ torturing people such as drivingsplinters under nails, gouging out eyes, and tearing ____ skins.2.I advise you sleep ____. Tomorrow you will feel different.3.Reducing class hours is ____ the stud ents’ advantage.4.The decision as to how much money should go to education is ____ vitalimportance.5.You hear me ____! This is important. Don’t treat it as a joke.6.We have to look at everything ____ an international perspective.7.At the conference, they promised to write ____ the debts of the poor country.8.Our present economic policy differs ____ the policies of the past ____ that thestate doesn’t try to control everything, but only to guide and regulate.cation does not mean to stuff students’ brains ____ facts, figures and dogmas.10.One day he killed a boy ____full view of about thirty people, but he uas not evenbrought _____ trial. This made people very angry.11.Sitting by the spring, he suddenly heard the sound of a flute drifting ___the oldtemple.12.The idea of camping out in this weather did not quite appeal ____ my daughter. III. TranslationA. Translate the following expressions into Chinese.1. a reassuring homey sound2.lucrative business3. groundbreaking work4. intense public debate5. t he lion’s share6. greenhouse gas emissions7. the universal brotherhood of man 8. a saving grace9. climate regulation 10. painstaking workB. Translate the following sentences into English with the words given in thebrackets.1.你翻译的太随意了,应该更加忠实于原文才是。
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2019年12月大学英语四六级语法讲义一、识别句子成分必须记住的原理1.衡量是否是一个句子的标准:是否有动词,有动词就是句子,反之不是句子。
2.英语构句原则规定:一个简单句中只能有一个谓语动词。
3.长难句的构成:主句、从句、介词短语、非谓语动词。
(1)主句的辨识:谓语动词(2)从句的辨识:连词+与之匹配的谓语动词(3)介词短语:(4)非谓语动词:4.衡量长难句划分是否正确的标准:整个句子中谓语动词的个数比连词多一个5.长难句划分方法:连动切割法·连动切割法:将句子中的所有连词和动词(连词、动词的排列不分先后)作为切割长难句的基础,断开主句和从句。
·长难句划分的具体步骤:【第一步】断开主句和从句通读整个句子找出所有的连词或动词,并将连词和动词匹配起来(主要是针对从句而言,主句不存在连词,从句连词和动词的匹配遵守就近原则),然后再给动词匹配主语(主句的主语在谓语之前找;从句的主语在连词和与之匹配的谓语动词中间找,如果它们中间没有任何词语,那么连词本身就是这个从句的主语。
)【第二步】断开介词短语和非谓语动词A.从介词开始到其后跟的名词结束B.从介词开始到动名词结束C.从介词开始到动名词的宾语结束动名词(doing )动词不定式(to do )现在分词(doing )过去分词(done )二、总结复习句子的主要成分1、主语(1)定义:主语是动作的发出者。
(2)位置:在谓语动词之前。
(3)什么可以充当主语:2、谓语(1)定义:述说主语的动作或状态。
(2)位置:在主语之后。
(3)什么可以充当谓语:实意动词。
3、宾语(1)定义:(2)位置:(3)什么可以充当宾语:4、表语(1)定义:表述主语的身份特征,性质状态的(2)位置:在系动词之后(3)什么可以充当表语:5、定语(1)定义:修饰限定名词A.名词:B.代词:C.介词短语:D.非谓语动词:E.句子:A.动作的承受者B.介词所联系的对象,即介词宾语(简称介宾)A.名词:B.代词:C.介词短语:D.非谓语动词:E.句子:A.名词:B.代词:C.形容词D.介词短语:E.非谓语动词:F.句子:A.在谓语动词之后B.在非谓语动词之后C.在介词之后(2)位置:(3)什么可以充当定语:6、状语(1)定义:修饰限定动词、形容词、副词、非谓语动词及整个句子(2)位置:在句首、句中、句尾。
(3)什么可以充当状语:7、补足语(1)定义:(2)位置:(3)什么可以充当补足语:8、同位语:(1)定义:对中心词进行解释说明,可以替代中心词。
(2)位置:在中心词之后(3)什么可以充当同位语:情况一:单个的词作定语放在被修饰名词前(例外:单个的词修饰不定代词放在不定代词之后)情况二:两个或两个以上的单词(即短语,结构或句子)作定语放在被修饰的名词后,即后置定语。
A.名词:B.代词:C.形容词:D.介词短语:E.非谓语动词:F.句子:A.名词:B.介词短语:C.非谓语动词:D.句子:A.对宾语进行补充说明,即宾语补足语简称宾补B.对主语进行补充说明,即主语补足语A.名词:B.形容词:C.介词短语:D.非谓语动词:A.名词:B.介词短语:C.非谓语动词:D.句子:A.在宾语之后B.在主语之后三、真题长难句实战例1.In such economies,individuals who possess the human capital characteristics that employers or clients values(e.g.,competence and ambition)are expected to be in high demand and short supply on the job market.【参考译文】在这种经济模式下,拥有雇主和客户所重视的人力资本特征(例如,能力和抱负)的个人,预计在就业市场上供不应求。
例2.All researches agree that close to25billion devices,things and sensors will be connected by 2020which incidentally is also the moment that Millennials(千禧一代)are expected to make up75 percent of our overall workforce,and the fully connected home will become a reality for large numbers of people worldwide.【参考译文】所有的研究都认为,到2020年,将近有250亿个设备、物品和传感器互联,顺便说一下,在这一年千禧一代预计会占据我们总劳动力的75%,并且完全互联的家庭会成为全世界大多数人所面临的问题。
例3.However,this is just the tip of the proverbial iceberg as smart buildings and even cities increasingly become the norm as leaders and business owners begin to wake up to the massive savings that technology can deliver through connected sensors and new forms of automation coupled with intelligent energy and facilities management.【参考译文】然而,这只是众所周知的冰山一角,因为随着领导者和企业主考试意识到技术所带来的大量节省,智能建筑,甚至智能城市会越来越成为常态,该技术是通过连接的传感器以及与智能能源和设施管理相结合的自动化新形式而实现的。
例 4.Online security cameras,intelligent lighting and a wealth of sensors that control both temperature and air quality are offering an unprecedented level of control,efficiency,and improvements to what were once classed necessary costs when running a business or managing alarge building.【参考译文】在线安保摄像头、智能照明以及大量控制温度与空气质量的传感器正在提供空前级别的控制、效率和改进,这些曾被归为经营企业或管理大型建筑物所必需的成本。
例5.The biggest and most exciting challenge of this technology is how to creatively leverage this ever-growing amount of data to deliver cost savings,improvements and tangible benefits to both businesses and citizens of these smart cities.【参考译文】这项技术最大和最令人兴奋的挑战是如何创造性地利用这些日益增长的数据为这些智能城市的企业和公民带来成本节约、改进和切实的利益。
例6.And while the Portuguese took part in the trade,ferrying nuts down the coast along with other goods,by1620,when English explorer Richard Jobson made his way up the Gambia,the nuts were still peculiar to his eyes.【参考译文】于是葡萄牙人加入其贸易,将这种果实和其他商品一起亚沿海岸线运出,但直到1620年英国探险家查理德·乔布森来到赞比亚时,可乐果在他看来依然十分稀奇。
例7.With the rise of a new concept in urban planning that aims to make life easier and more convenient,however,increasing popularity for areas that caused the real estate pushes,in major cities like San Francisco or New York,has inspired a type of forward thinking urbanity and policy in smaller cities.【参考译文】然而,随着旨在令生活更加轻松便捷的城市规划理念逐渐兴起,失去越来越受欢迎,造成对房地产的助推,在像旧金山或纽约这样的大城市,激发出一种前瞻性的都市风格,并在较小的城市激发出新的政策。
例8.Transforming downtown areas so that they incorporate modern housing and improved walkability to local restaurants,retail,and entertainment—especially when combined withimproved infrastructure for cyclists and public transit—makes them appeal to a more affluent demographic.【参考译文】改造城市中心区,使其将现代住宅与改良的步行可及的当地餐馆,零售商店和娱乐场所相融合——特别是当它们与为单车族和公共换成改良的基础设施相结合时,使其吸引到更多的富裕人口。
例9.Access to foot traffic and proximity to transit allow the type of entertainment-oriented businesses such as bars and restaurants to stay open later,which attracts both younger,creative workers and baby boomers nearing retirement alike.【参考译文】步行交通和便利的换乘让诸如酒吧和餐馆这类以娱乐休闲为导向的商家可以开到更晚,吸引到年轻人、创意工作者和濒临退休的生育高峰一代等。