定语从句讲解与练习

定语从句讲解一．定语从句定义：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。

定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。

1．先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。

2．关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。

The boy is Tom. The boy who is smiling is Tom.The boy is smiling. 先行词关系代词The boy is Tom. The boy who has a round face is Tom.The boy has a round face.定语从句The boy is Tom. The boy who sits in front of me is Tom.He sits in front of me.定语从句上面三句中的the boy是定语从句所修饰的词，叫先行词，定语从句放在先行词的后面。

关系词有关系代词和关系副词关系代词有who, whom, that, which, whose, as等；关系副词有when, where, why等。

关系词通常有下列三个作用：A、引导定语从句；B、代替先行词；C、在定语从句中担当一个成分。

二、关系代词引导的定语从句注意：关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数须和先行词一致。

1.who指人，在从句中做主语(1)The boys who are playing football are from Class One.(2)Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.2. whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。

(1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about.注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。

(3) The man who/whom you met just now is my friend.3. which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略(1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys. ( which 在句子中做主语)(2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. ( which 在句子中做宾语)4. that指人时，相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which。

在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。

(5) The people that/who come to visit the city are all here. (在句子中做主语)(6) Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning? (在句子中做宾语)5. whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语，意为“谁的”，其后要接名词。

(1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor.(2) I lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.(3)The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.=The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.(5)Do you like the book whose color is yellow?=Do you like the book the color of which is yellow?6. as引导的定语从句可指人也可指物，常与the same,such,so等连用，在句中作主语，宾语，表语等。

This is such an interesting book as we all like. (as代替物，作宾语）注意：关系代词在定语从句中担任宾语时常常可以省略，在口语中更是如此。

Do you know the man (whom) Mary is talking to?当关系代词which或whom在定语从句中作宾语时，还可以将从句中动词后面的介词提到关系代词的前面，此时关系代词不可以省略。

但是一些固定的短语不能把介词提前，如look after, take care of等。

Do you know the man to whom Mary is talking。

三、关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。

1）when, where, whywhen指时间，在定语从句中作状语。

例如：I’ll never forget the time when we worked on the farm.He arrived in Beijing on the day when I left.where指地点，在定语从句中作状语。

例如：This is the house where we lived last year.The factory where his father works is in the east of the city.Why指原因，在定语从句中作状语。

例如：This is the reason why he doesn’t want to go home.关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于"介词+ which"结构，因此常常和"介词+ which"结构交替使用，例如：This is the place where (in which) we met each other.The day will come when (on which) everyone lives a happy life.四、判断关系代词与关系副词方法：准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状)，能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。

先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词(who, whom, that, which, whose)；先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词( where 地点状语，when 时间状语，why 原因状语) 。

例1. Is this museum ___ you visited a few days ago? 变肯定句=This museum is_____ you visited a few days ago.A. whereB. thatC. on whichD. the one例2. Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held. 变肯定句= This is the museum _____ the exhibition was held.A. whereB. thatC. on whichD. the one五、关系代词that 的用法1）不用that的情况a) 在引导非限定性定语从句时。

(错)The tree, that is four hundred years old, is very famous here.b) 介词后不能用。

We depend on the land that/which we get our food from.2) 只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况(1) 先行词为all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little, much ,none, the one等不定代词时。

I am sure she has something (that) you can borrow.(2)先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much等修饰时。

I’ve read all the books that are not mine.(3)先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。

This is the first book (that) he has read.(4)先行词被the only, few, just, right, the very, the same, the last修饰时。

This is the very book that belongs to him.(5)当先行词既有人又有物时。

They talk of persons and things (that) they remember in the school.(6)当先行词指物,关系代词在句中作表语。

My typewriter isn’t the machine that it was.(7)在there be或there live 结构中，先行词指物时。

There is a book on the desk that I am interested in.(8)在way 方法后,常用that 代替in which结构，或是不填。

That was the way (that) he did it.3）way后面的的定语从句有三种情况: that/in which/ \①、一般情况用that②、在比较正式问题中用in which③、In which 和that都可省略定语从句练习一、请分析一下定语从句：( 请划出定语从句，并标出先行词，并找出或写出关系代词\副词)1.The book which I bought yesterday is so interesting .2. Another thing that I found very difficult was English grammar.3. You couldn’t understand people who talked fast.4. I have some ideas that may help you.5.They said something that you didn’t like.6.Can you think of any problems you have had recently?8.He would always take pride in everything good that I do.9.My friends and I talked about the rules that we have in school.10.What are some of the rules that a teenager should obey?12. If you know anyone else who collects them, please tell me.13. Standing very close to the person who you are talking with is quite common in some countries.14. The man who is talking with you is my father.15. All that I ever wanted to do was traveling.二、用关系代词填空：that 、which 、who、whom 、whose1. This is the man ________ wants to see you.2. The student ___________ answered the question is Zhang Hua.3. The man __________ you went to see has come.4. The man ___________I met yesterday lent me some money.5. The woman _______________ you saw is our geography teacher.6. The runner ________________ you are asking about is over there.7. The person ______________ you should write to is Mr. Ball.8. The man ___________was passing by saw what happened.9. Here is the pen _________ you lost the day before yesterday.10. These books _____________ you lent me were very useful.11. The storybook ____________ I have just read cannot be easily forgotten.12. A clock is a machine ______ tells people the time.13. This is shirt _______________I bought yesterday.14. A dictionary is a book _____________ gives the meaning to the word.15. The book ____________ is on the table is mine.16. The film ____________ they are talking about is very interesting.17. I will never forget the people and the places _____ I have ever visited.18. Is there anyone ____________ family is in Beijing?19. Show me the boy ______________ mother is a well-known singer.20. The boy______ father is a teacher is good at English.三、单项选择( ) 1. Your teacher of Chinese is a young lady____ comes from Beijing.A. whoB. whichC. whomD. whose( ) 2. What’s the name of the program________.A. which are listeningB. you are listening toC. to that you are listeningD. that you are listening( ) 3. The students were all interested ____ you told them yesterday.( ) 4. He was the only person in his office______ was invited.A. whomB. whoseC. thatD. which( ) 5. This is the museum______ we visited last year.A. whereB. in whichC. whichD. in that( ) 6. Charlie told his mother all____ had happened.A. thatB. whatC. whichD. who( ) 7. Do you know the student_____?A. whom I often talkB. with who I often talkC. I often talk withD. that I often talk( ) 8. I like the house_____ windows face south.A. whoseB. who’sC. it'sD. its ( ) 9. Would you tell me where to get the dictionary _____?A. what I needB.I needC. which I need itD. that I need it ( )10. The young woman_____ I spoke just now is a young doctor.A. whoB. to whomC. whomD. that ( )11. This is the place _____I have ever visited.A. thereB. whenC. whereD. which( )12. Nobody knows the reason ______ she didn’t come to the meeting.A. thatB. whichC. whyD. when( )13. The moon is a world ______ there is no life.A. thatB. whichC. whereD. why( )14. He has forgotten the day _______ he arrived.A. whenB. whereC. thatD. which( )15 He still remembers the days ______ he spent with your family.A. whenB. whereC. thatD. on which( )16. Mr. White, ______ car had been stolen, came to the policeman.A. whoB. thatC. whoseD. which( )17. He got to the village _______ his family once lived before liberation.A. thatB. whichC. whenD. where( )18. This is the house _______ I want to buy.A. in whichB. thatC. whoseD. where( )19. This is the house _______ our beloved Premier Zhou once lived and worked.A. whichB. thatC. whenD. where( )20. He didn’t tell me the place _______ he was born.A. thatB. whichC. whenD. where( )21. He lived in a small village ______ was a long way from the railway station.A. thatB. whichC. whereD. when练习(一)一、注：（划了线的是定语从句）方框里的词是先行词1.3.4.5.6.8.9.10. What are some of the rules that a teenager should obey?12.13.14.二、用关系代词填空：that 、which 、who、whom 、whose1. This is the man __that \who ______ wants to see you.2. The student ____ that \who _______ answered the question is Zhang Hua.3. The man _____ that \who _____ you went to see has come.4. The man _____ that \who _\whom_____I met yesterday lent me some money.5. The woman ______ that \who \whom_________ you saw is our geography teacher.6. The runner _______ that \who \whom_________ you are asking about is over there.7. The person _____ that \who \whom_________ you should write to is Mr. Ball.8. The man _____ that \who ______was passing by saw what happened.9. Here is the pen ___that \which______ you lost the day before yesterday.10. These books ____that \which_________ you lent me were very useful.11. The storybook _______ that \which______ I have just read cannot be easily forgotten.12. A clock is a machine ____ that \which___ tells people the time.13. This is shirt _______ that \which_________I bought yesterday.14. A dictionary is a book ___ that \which___________ gives the meaning to the word.15. The book _____ that \which________ is on the table is mine.16. The film _______ that \which______ they are talking about is very interesting.17. I will never forget the people and the places __that___I have ever visited.18. Is there anyone ______whose______ family is in Beijing?19. Show me the boy _____whose_________ mother is a well-known singer.20. The boy____whose__ father is a teacher is good at English.三选择1-5 ADACC6-10 ACABB。