《金融专业英语(第2版)》教学课件—06Supervision of Banking
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经济学专业英语教程(精编版)(第二版)课件：Monopoly
(3) Discuss the drawbacks of a monopolistic market and their influences on the society.
(4) What kinds of policies can be taken by the government to deal with the monopolistic behaviors?
The antitrust laws give the government various ways to promote competition. They allow the government to prevent mergers.
Antitrust laws have costs as well as benefits. Sometimes companies merge not to reduce competition but to lower costs through more efficient joint production. These benefits from mergers are sometimes called synergies.
Although exclusive ownership of a key resource is a potential cause of monopoly, in practice monopolies rarely arise for this reason. Actual economies are large, and resources are owned by many people. Indeed, because many goods are traded internationally, the natural scope of their markets is often worldwide. There are, therefore, few examples of firms that own a resource for which there are no close substitutes.
(4) What kinds of policies can be taken by the government to deal with the monopolistic behaviors?
The antitrust laws give the government various ways to promote competition. They allow the government to prevent mergers.
Antitrust laws have costs as well as benefits. Sometimes companies merge not to reduce competition but to lower costs through more efficient joint production. These benefits from mergers are sometimes called synergies.
Although exclusive ownership of a key resource is a potential cause of monopoly, in practice monopolies rarely arise for this reason. Actual economies are large, and resources are owned by many people. Indeed, because many goods are traded internationally, the natural scope of their markets is often worldwide. There are, therefore, few examples of firms that own a resource for which there are no close substitutes.
金融英语课件 chapter 2
where the federal funds rate briefly hit 6 per cent - three times the target rate of 2
per cent - as financial institutions scrambled to raise cash. The Fed injected a total of $70bn in liquidity, before the fed
Stocks sink amid Wall St
crisis
• The unprecedented changes on Wall Street - which was also gripped by rising fears about the health of AIG,
the giant insurer - left investors more concerned with preserving returns.
funds rate finally fell back later.
Agenda today
• Stock (common v.s preferred) • Derivatives • Financial instruments in international
markets
Stock
• A share (also referred to as equity shares) of stock represents a share of ownership in a corporation
Forwards
• A transaction in which a seller agrees to deliver a specific commodity to a buyer at some point in the future.
per cent - as financial institutions scrambled to raise cash. The Fed injected a total of $70bn in liquidity, before the fed
Stocks sink amid Wall St
crisis
• The unprecedented changes on Wall Street - which was also gripped by rising fears about the health of AIG,
the giant insurer - left investors more concerned with preserving returns.
funds rate finally fell back later.
Agenda today
• Stock (common v.s preferred) • Derivatives • Financial instruments in international
markets
Stock
• A share (also referred to as equity shares) of stock represents a share of ownership in a corporation
Forwards
• A transaction in which a seller agrees to deliver a specific commodity to a buyer at some point in the future.
经济学专业英语教程(精编版)(第二版)课件：Economic Globalization
Globalization makes the promise: increased access to resources and markets, tariff-less geographical boundaries and increased efficiency in resource utilization will generate wealth for the poorer countries.
Waters defined globalization as “a social process in which the constraints of geography on social and cultural arrangements recede and in which people become increasingly aware that they are receding.”
This process was achieved by various means and often involved overcoming political resistances (frequently through military means) in the new “markets.”
Text: Economic Globalization （经济全球化）
1. Key words 2. Phenomena of economic globalization 3. Benefits of globalization 4. Concepts of globalization 5. Three dimensions of globalization 6. Essence of globalization 7. Questions
Bodie2e_Chapter01 Financial Economics 英文版PPT 金融学(第二版)
11 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
Financial Decisions of Firms
• Strategic plans specify the business the firm is in
Defining Finance
• Financial theory consists of:
– the set of concepts that help to organize one’s thinking about how to allocate resources over time
– the set of quantitative models used to help evaluate alternatives, make decisions, and implement them
• These concepts and models apply at all levels and scales of decision making
– Preferred stock holders usually gain some control if preferred dividends are not paid
– Bondholder covenants restrict decisions that could adversely affect bond values
– they vary widely in size from part-time businesses run from a spare room, to giant corporations (e.g. Mitsubishi or General Motors) with hundreds of thousands of employees, and an even larger ownership
Financial Decisions of Firms
• Strategic plans specify the business the firm is in
Defining Finance
• Financial theory consists of:
– the set of concepts that help to organize one’s thinking about how to allocate resources over time
– the set of quantitative models used to help evaluate alternatives, make decisions, and implement them
• These concepts and models apply at all levels and scales of decision making
– Preferred stock holders usually gain some control if preferred dividends are not paid
– Bondholder covenants restrict decisions that could adversely affect bond values
– they vary widely in size from part-time businesses run from a spare room, to giant corporations (e.g. Mitsubishi or General Motors) with hundreds of thousands of employees, and an even larger ownership
金融英语课件 chapter 2
Breaking news
China cuts rates, lowers reserve ratio
• China's central bank Monday cut the cost of bank loans, the first time since 2002, and lowered the proportion of money lenders must have as reserves, the first such move in nine years, to keep the economy from sliding further.
investors sought the safety of cash and government debt followin of Lehman Brothers and the emergency sale of Merrill
Lynch to Bank of America.
American depository receipts
• Certificate of foreign stock • Traded in stock market in U.S • Denominated in USD
Foreign debt or Euro-debt
• What is the denomination? Home currency or host country currency
Common stock
Features
• Residual value • Dividends not obligated • No maturity/ perpetuity • Control of the firm • Preemptive right
China cuts rates, lowers reserve ratio
• China's central bank Monday cut the cost of bank loans, the first time since 2002, and lowered the proportion of money lenders must have as reserves, the first such move in nine years, to keep the economy from sliding further.
investors sought the safety of cash and government debt followin of Lehman Brothers and the emergency sale of Merrill
Lynch to Bank of America.
American depository receipts
• Certificate of foreign stock • Traded in stock market in U.S • Denominated in USD
Foreign debt or Euro-debt
• What is the denomination? Home currency or host country currency
Common stock
Features
• Residual value • Dividends not obligated • No maturity/ perpetuity • Control of the firm • Preemptive right
经济学专业英语教程(精编版)(第二版)课件：Oligopoly
Without formal agreement, firms can play a game of follow-the-leader that economists call price leadership. Price leadership is a pricing strategy in which a dominant firm sets the price for an industry and the other firms follow. Following this tactic, firms in an industry simply match the price of perhaps, but not necessarily, the biggest firm.
An oligopoly is characterized by: Few sellers; Either a homogeneous or a differentiated product; Difficult market entry. Oligopoly is found in real-world industries.
Another way to avoid price wars is for oligopolists to agree to a peace treaty. Instead of allowing mutual interdependence to lead to rivalry, firms openly or secretly conspire to form a monopoly called a cartel. A cartel is a group of firms that formally agree to control the price and the output of a product. The goal of a cartel is to reap monopoly profits by replacing competition with cooperation.
金融英语课件 chapter 2
Category of stock
• Common • Preferred/preferential
Preferred stock
• A hybrid
Features
• Priority to assets and earnings • Par value • Cumulative dividends • convertibility
An example
Options
• A right, not an obligation
• Exercise price • Cost (premium) • Spot market price
• European • American
Options
Options
• In the money • Out-of the money
Forwards
• A transaction in which a seller agrees to deliver a specific commodity to a buyer at some point in the future.
Futures
• Standardized forward contracts
• The benchmark lending rate will be lowered by 0.27 percentage point to 7.20 percent from Tuesday.
China cuts rates, lowers reserve ratio
• However, benchmark deposit rates remain unchanged with the one-year rate to be kept at 4.14 percent, a proof that the central bankers are keeping an eye on inflation.
经济学专业英语教程(精编版)( 第二版 )课件 Unit (1)[27页]
![经济学专业英语教程(精编版)( 第二版 )课件 Unit (1)[27页]](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/f7e2dc1f0975f46526d3e16e.png)
• free enterprise • price mechanism • make a profit • effective demand • law of demand • law of supply • demand schedule • demand curve • vertical axis • horizontal axis • supply schedule • supply curve • market mechanism
4.1 Supply schedules 4.2 Supply curves 4.3 Equilibrium price
Price (cents/kg) 80 70 60 50
Quantity supplied (kg)
100 90
80
70
Price (cents/kg) 40 30 20 10
If an economy runs on the lines of the purely competitive market of free enterprise, then what is produced and the prices at which the products are sold depend upon the choices and decisions made by consumers and producers.
Unit 10
Text: Fiscal and Monetary Policy（财政政策与货币政策） Additional Text: Role of Government in the Economy（政府在经济中的作用）
Unit 11 Text: Population（人口） Additional Text: The Consequences of High Fertility: Some Conflicting Opinions（高出生率的影响：一些
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➢ The fifth and final goal of bank supervision is to ensure compliance with banking laws and regulations.
6.1.3 Preconditions for Effective Banking Supervision
➢ Banks occupy a central place in the payment mechanism* for household, government and business.
6.1.1 The Role of Banks and Importance of Banking Supervision
6.1.3 Preconditions for Effec.1.1 The Role of Banks and Importance of Banking Supervision
➢ It is widely recognized that banks are different from other profit-seeking business in that the economic and financial life of a country depends on banks in three important respects.
金 融 专 业 英语
Part Two
Banking Industry in China
Contents
4
5
6
Central Bank—PBC
Commercial Banks
Supervision of Banking
6 Supervision
Chapter of Banking
Chapter 6 Supervision of Banking
➢ Sound and sustainable macroeconomic policies. ➢ A well developed public Infrastructure. ➢ Effective market discipline. ➢ Mechanisms for providing an appropriate level of systematic protection.
➢ On the other hand, banks are also provided with important elements of official protection.
6.1.2 Objectives of Banking Supervision
➢ Firstly, the key objective of supervision is to maintain stability and public confidence in the financial system.
➢ Banks in market economies play a major role in the allocation of financial resources, intermediating between depositors of surplus funds and would-be borrowers, on the basis of active judgments as to the latter’s ability to repay.
Section 6.1 Importance and Objectives of Banking Supervision Section 6.2 Licensing Process Section 6.3 Arrangements for Ongoing Banking Supervision Section 6.4 Dealing with Weak Banks
➢ Thirdly, a related goal is to protect depositors’ funds and, if any bank should fail, to minimize the losses to be absorbed by the deposit insurance fund.
➢ The second goal of bank supervision is to ensure that banks operate in a safe and sound manner and that they hold capital and reserves* sufficient to cover the risks that may arise in their business.
Section 6.1 Importance and Objectives of Banking Supervision
6.1.1 The Role of Banks and Importanceof Banking Supervision
6.1.2 Objectives of Banking Supervision
Section 6.2 Licensing Process
6.2.1 Phases of the Process 6.2.2 Factors Evaluated by the Chartering Authorities 6.2.3 Basel Committee’s Requirements on Bank Licensing
6.1.2 Objectives of Banking Supervision
➢ The fourth goal of bank supervision is to foster an efficient and competitive banking system that is responsive to the public need for high quality financial services at reasonable cost.
6.1.3 Preconditions for Effective Banking Supervision
➢ Banks occupy a central place in the payment mechanism* for household, government and business.
6.1.1 The Role of Banks and Importance of Banking Supervision
6.1.3 Preconditions for Effec.1.1 The Role of Banks and Importance of Banking Supervision
➢ It is widely recognized that banks are different from other profit-seeking business in that the economic and financial life of a country depends on banks in three important respects.
金 融 专 业 英语
Part Two
Banking Industry in China
Contents
4
5
6
Central Bank—PBC
Commercial Banks
Supervision of Banking
6 Supervision
Chapter of Banking
Chapter 6 Supervision of Banking
➢ Sound and sustainable macroeconomic policies. ➢ A well developed public Infrastructure. ➢ Effective market discipline. ➢ Mechanisms for providing an appropriate level of systematic protection.
➢ On the other hand, banks are also provided with important elements of official protection.
6.1.2 Objectives of Banking Supervision
➢ Firstly, the key objective of supervision is to maintain stability and public confidence in the financial system.
➢ Banks in market economies play a major role in the allocation of financial resources, intermediating between depositors of surplus funds and would-be borrowers, on the basis of active judgments as to the latter’s ability to repay.
Section 6.1 Importance and Objectives of Banking Supervision Section 6.2 Licensing Process Section 6.3 Arrangements for Ongoing Banking Supervision Section 6.4 Dealing with Weak Banks
➢ Thirdly, a related goal is to protect depositors’ funds and, if any bank should fail, to minimize the losses to be absorbed by the deposit insurance fund.
➢ The second goal of bank supervision is to ensure that banks operate in a safe and sound manner and that they hold capital and reserves* sufficient to cover the risks that may arise in their business.
Section 6.1 Importance and Objectives of Banking Supervision
6.1.1 The Role of Banks and Importanceof Banking Supervision
6.1.2 Objectives of Banking Supervision
Section 6.2 Licensing Process
6.2.1 Phases of the Process 6.2.2 Factors Evaluated by the Chartering Authorities 6.2.3 Basel Committee’s Requirements on Bank Licensing
6.1.2 Objectives of Banking Supervision
➢ The fourth goal of bank supervision is to foster an efficient and competitive banking system that is responsive to the public need for high quality financial services at reasonable cost.