电影特效材料 中英文材料

大学英-中文翻译材料英文题目Film effects and compositing 中文题目电影特效合成学院：计算机科学与技术学院专业：学生姓名：指导教师：二O一六年六月Film EffectsIn the movie, artificially manufactured illusion and hallucinations, known as movie special effects (also known as special effects). In the movie birth, he has had to change electrical cover, said to be a spectacular revolution too. More and more computer-generated image is applied to the production of films in the works. Sometimes the charm of its visual effects has greatly exceeded the film story itself. "Another feature of the film is used as a visual media exists."We can say that the film was born in the beginning, we've got movie special effects initiation. Also like movie special effects movie of the same roots and long brothers in more than a century of years to witness this door thrive movie special art. And ushered in a new century, a new one more.Early years, by the use of special effects during the initial part of the films produced by the computer to the effects of all changes in the film, people have seen the impact and shock visually. It seems that in modern times, we have been hard to find ingredients without any special effects in a film. Visible, all shadow effects initiation. Also like movie special effects movie of the same roots and long brothers in more than a century of years to witness this door thrive movie special art. And ushered in a new century, a new one more.60s of last century, with the computer or that digital technology is mature and "seventh art" invasion led to the film as a visual art form has been earthshaking multiple categories of filmmakers with the majority of fans have also stepped special effects for the film on the assiduous no return.After the birth of the first climax: the first stage of movie special effectsMoving images eventually evolved into the final film in the hands of wise men Daumier brothers. And with the continuing integration of various technologies, as the seventh art films have their own unique charm. "Movie special effects," the term given to the film followed the birth can explore the place more. In the late nineteenth century to the early twentieth century, the film also ushered in the birth of the effects after the first surge of development. Wonders and amazing images of various monsters frequent leaps onto the big screen.The second phase of movie special effects: sustainable development, classic highlightsAfter the initial stages of exploration and summary, movie people have a more profound understanding of the term "movie special effects." More importantly, the development of filmmaking technology, special effects movie taste to a whole new level. Also, people on Earth from outer space fantasy also enriched this time special effects movie content, the "special effects people" who have a broader space to play. During this period there have been like <A Space Odyssey "and" Planet of the Apes> kind of classic. History of the development of special effects for the film adds permanent flash highlights.The third phase of movie special effects: the rapid take-off, masterpiece again and againAs a young man named George Lucas • few simple manuscripts gradually forming in his mind that the field of "Star Wars," then fired, and fired the special effects in movies revamped grand campaign. In the seventies and eighties of the twentieth century, this short period of two decades, movie special effects in the new creative ideas and technical course, including revamped computer imaging technology and has undergone enormous changes. Naturally, at this time, it is a "Star Wars" series, "Superman," "Indiana Jones," "Alien" and <abyss> so that sort of movie masterpiece. Not only rich people to the wonders of film gradually inflated demand, leaving the film itself has a wider space to play, shooting can not be done previously by means of a variety ofspecial effects to complete, perfect.The fourth stage of movie special effects: steady progress, excellenceBut the clock to turn of the century, film special effects has shown quite mature look. Effects depend on a variety of manufactured grand scenes, better films have emerged, though, and the seventies and eighties as a wide range, but also have their unmatched features. Among these, the "Lord of the Rings" series of unprecedented vast, simply become a milestone for the movie history. Even more amazing is that the "Lord of the Rings" also appeared in an unprecedented technology to produce full CG character "Gollum", the action vivid, lifelike facial expressions, the film seems to be all over the real role of acting, called the movie miracle. The same as the magical theme "• Harry Potter" series, tough hot <Terminator "series, puzzling Network World story," The Matrix "series, all reflect the effects of the great charm of the film, after mature. I believe that in the coming time, the special effects in movies based on constantly enhanced technologies and creative ideas on, will bring us more surprise.Special effects technologies includeMiniature model: people, monsters, buildings, and transportation models have been used to make the movie special effects. When the model must be moved, we can move through the following three ways in which any one of: hand, mechanical, electrical, or to make them move. Use hand takes a long time to move them, because the model activity on the screen within a second species, at least there are 24 action.The illusion of the film: at normal speed, motion picture film in every 24 seconds to shoot still pictures. Change the number of pictures taken within seconds of each can create some basic effects. Footage per second more than 24, will produce a slow-motion effect. Conversely, if the picture within less than 24 sec, then the movie will accelerate the action, this will become more intense, exciting.Computer generated image: people use computers, making the film special effects production speed and quality has made tremendous progress.Designers simply enter minimal information, the computer can automatically synthesize complex image and screen clips.List of movie special effects1 "Lord of the Rings" series, director Peter Jackson • In 2001 filming of "Lord of the Rings", the latest movie classic fantasy justifiably claim to special effects, the series trilogy swept the Oscar for best visual effects award three years, creating several one hundred million yuan at the box office astronomical.2 "Star Wars" series, "Star Wars" trilogy (1977-1982) was a "milestone in the history of cinema, one of the most important cultural events of the 20th century" and its influence is felt throughout the world. "Star Wars" movie focused on the use of the most advanced high-tech computers and digital production tools, creating an unprecedented space in the world.3 "Titanic" director James Cameron • Following the "Terminator," "True Lies" successful, well-built 1997 disaster love blockbuster "Titanic." Very powerful video effects, the highlight of the night wreck scenario, production staff increased keyframe animation in motion capture from the performers, the splashes when the collision between the falling debris from the ship, and the ship's sea spray, rope, smoke, fluctuations sails, iceberg, ice on the deck, crashing glass, and miserable people crashed into the sea during the phase, all looks very Era significance.4 "Terminator" series, James • Cameron produced in 1984 <Terminator>, about war 士卡尔雷斯voluntary return in 1984 toprotect Sarah, against the computer "Skynet" sent a robot through the passage of time. Great movie action scenes, T-800 machine skeleton human appearance, bullet beat to death scenes are very alarming. 5 "The Matrix" series, the Wachowski brothers in 1999 to build the <Matrix> Mourinho tells hackers successfully become a savior, and adventures in the virtual world wars the enemy, but unexpectedly became a blockbuster sci-fi special effects milestone. The film combines elements of Hong Kong action movies, kung fu, bullet everything, actor skip building the scene, there are professionals called "bullet time" effects processing, great pioneering spirit.Television synthesisSince the film, television appeared on our planet, synthesis technology to become an essential part, synthesis refers to the process a variety of source material mixed in a single composite picture of the process in animation production, it can be divided conventional synthetic techniques and digital synthesis. Traditional synthesis technology is mainly used in the film, filming the process of tape and film photofinishing process to achieve, although behind the process, but the result was very good, in the Disney animated film "Tom and Jerry", we can see Successful use of traditional synthesis techniques, and digital synthesis technology is compared to conventional synthesis technology is concerned, the main use of advanced computer graphics to learn the principles and methods to a variety of source material collected inside the computer, and the computer will be mixed into a single process complex images and then output to tape or film in this series complete the process.In the field of computer graphics into quite a long time, digital synthesis technology has been in the animation process, a more widely used, and its synthesis technology has reached a very high level, which we can from the "Rainbow Cat and Blue Rabbit Seven Xia Chuan "in those dazzling, incredible stunts but very realistic, fully demonstrated. With fat people improve theoretical computer and computer image processing speed, digital synthesis technology has been widely used. Animation artists in the use of computer-synthesized diversity strongly felt during the operation of digital synthesis technology brings great convenience and means. The effect of synthetic work more attractive than conventional synthesis techniques, more incredible, this synthesis technique for promoting the development of great power.Synthesis techniques using the lensShooting angle lens angle can be divided into objective and subjective perspective. Objectivity angle footage as if the audience time to participate in the process at the site to observe the activities of people and enjoy the scenery scenery in general, the picture is approachable, to life, it uses up to on television; subjective point of view due to the anthropomorphic viewpoint movement its way, often easier to mobilize the audience a sense of participation and attention, prone to intense psychological sense.(A) Pull the lensA pull-up features (1) Pull the lens shift after the formation of the visual effects; (2) pull the lens to make the subject into small, surrounding environment from small to big. 2, pull the lens (1) the relationship between the performance of the main body and the environment in between; (2) through a variety of interrelated factors visual vertical and longitudinal orientation of the space, you can generate suspense, contrast, Lenovo's artistic effect ; (3) Pull the lens inside the tight rhythm pine, compared with the push-up, better able to exert emotional finish, resulting in many subtle emotions.(B) shift lens1, the shift lens features (1) shift the lens movement is not bound by the body (2) Lens shift in favor of the performance scenes. 2, the lens shift function (1) to develop a picture of the shape of the space, creating a unique artistic effect; (2) the performance scenes, with magnificent results when modeling complex scenes great depth, multi-level, multi-shadow matter ; (3) can be a strong subjective color shift lens effect to show a more realistic feel and live; sense of participation (4) caused immersive, marching figures used subjective lens.(C) with the lens 1, with the characteristics of the lens (1) screen always follow a moving subject; (2) the subject position of relative stability in the drawing board; (3) with the camera lens is different from the position of pushing forward the lens, also from the forward movement of the camera position before moving the camera. 2, with the function of the lens (1) Contact Lens and detailed performance can be continuously moving subject; it not only highlight the main, but also explain the main direction of motion, the relationship between speed, posture and its environment;(2) follow shot with the lens form a body of constant motion, stationary background change shape effect, help the environment by lead character; (3) follow shot with the lens from behind the characters, because the audience and the subject of the same viewpoint character can exhibit a kinds of subjective camera; (4) with the lens of the characters, things, scenes follow records are important in documentary programs.(D) pan1, panning features (1) people like panning or turning the head to look around a little while to realize another point by the visual effects; (2) a complete shake-up include: starting pieces, shaking off pieces of three mutually continuous process; (3) a motion panning from web sites to fall, forcing the audience to constantly adjust their visual attention. 2, panning function (1) of exhibition space, expanding horizons (2) in favor of more visual information through an inclusive Scene screen; (3) can be introduced to explain the intrinsic link the two subjects in the same scene;(4) to facilitate the performance of dynamic body movement momentum, direction of movement and trajectory; (5) can roll out to the accident, suspense, plus the formation of visual attention and downs in one shot.(E) Push the lens1, pushing the lens features (1) forming a visual effects forward; (2) have a clear objective body; (3) to make the subject from small to big, from big to small surrounding environment. 2, pushing the lens function (1) highlight the main character, highlighting key figures; (2) highlight detail, focused detail factors; (3) describes the relationship between global and local, with the main task of the objective environment in one shot; (4 ) can strengthen or weaken the sense of movement of the moving object; (5) can be used to adjust the screen rhythm generated outside of the emotional force.(Six) elevating the lens1, lift the lens features (1) Lift the lens down movement brought the expansion and contraction of the screen depending on the field; (2) continuously changing camera viewpoint movements formed a multi-angle, multi-faceted multi-patterned effect. 2, lifting the mirror function (1) is conducive to the performance of each local tall objects; (2) in favor of the relationship between the performance of deep space, the surface points; (3) can be used to display objects or scenes scale, momentum and atmosphere; (4 ) scheduling content conversion can be achieved within a shot; (5) can be expressed in changes in emotional state of the screen. (G) a comprehensive sports lens, the lens features a comprehensive sports (1) produce a morecomprehensive picture of the complex modeling results; (2) a comprehensive form of exercise each lens screen, its trajectory is multi-directional; multi-way movement One result after. 2, features comprehensive sports lens (1) record and performance in favor of a relatively complete a scene shot in one episode. (2) continuous dynamic integrated movement of the lens is conducive to the process of life; (3) in favor of pluralism formed by the direction of the screen ideographic structure ambiguity; (4) integrated in a longer continuous motion picture camera, you can with the rhythm of the music changes with each other "in tune" to form a sense of rhythm and music integrated screen image.(H) the empty lensEmpty lens is a kind of special lenses, used to introduce environmental background, explain time and space, to express the characters emotions in the film can be produced by physical metaphor for love, see King hygiene conditions, scenes, rendering mood, heighten the atmosphere, caused by Lenovo and other artistic effects. A good cartoon is the result of the integrated use of various lenses, of course, "Rainbow Cat and Blue Rabbit Seven Chivalrous Biography" is no exception, it is due to the combined use of various lenses, plus a unique combination of digital effects, making this film with magnificent momentum, shocking images, eye-popping.Screen lens design and synthesis technologyAnimation is a screen shot of the final design of the carrier appears, if the screen is viewed as the picture, then the footage this screen are designed around the screen, the design of the lens to the screen, the main terms from three directions.1, compositionComposition is the key essence of the picture, naturally footage design. "Rainbow Cat and Blue Rabbit Seven Chivalrous Biography" episode that the opening few shots, the composition is very reasonable, in order to show Zhangjiajie this particular content and visual sense, the various modeling objects in front of the lens is the performance and photography Factors organic organization, published in the screen, and the screen to form some form of psychological audience left a very deep impression, make people feel Zhangjiajie is a fascinating tourist destination, a paradise on earth, flowers, mountain springs, people initiation of a "He who has never been to the Great Wall is not a true man" feeling. Visible role in the composition in the cartoon is great.2, the colorCartoon color is the most abundant, because all the elements created by designers in the picture are by themselves to set the color, the color for the human mind has a fundamental effect, when the designer to set the story based on literary tone , rendering the atmosphere is warm and cold colors contrast, the best way to heighten the environment, such as "Rainbow Cat and Blue Rabbit Seven Chivalrous Biography" are used in the context of all realistic expression, its color is quite rich in rendering the atmosphere, the environment at the same contrast, Habitat also added the film can be ornamental. In addition, the effect of color uniform characters in the film, full of oriental flavor visual tone, has also become an important factor in the success of the film. In summary, the expression of emotional color cartoon style tone, rendering the atmosphere has an important role.3, lightLight has a very important role in the cinematography, the same picture is also quite a lot in the cartoon. In the cartoon is very particular about the use of light and shadow in the design, the designers have to assume that some of the light, when these different angles of incident lightpoints will produce different effects on the body. For example, in the "Rainbow Cat and Blue Rabbit Seven Chivalrous Biography" effect on the character set, it is a good proof of the great role light plays in the movie. Lens design is not just about the means to the story, it is a reflection of the style of the movie, the screen design and lens design both influence each other, mutual restraint as footage design is a combination of organic natural lens and screen.Synthesis of digital effectsTruth is the basic principle of artistic creation, both as unlike real life and life itself is the same, but also not true that science can and restore, cartoon people give full play to the imagination, it is a good cartoon hauntingly works of art, but no one wants to see those who are commonplace scene. Digital special effects make this more exciting, as one of the cartoon creation means the creation of digital effects also follow the basic rules of artistic creation - true. Specific operation, I believe that because of the attention to the following points:1, human scenery, sound and light color fidelityHuman scenery, sound and light colors are the most important element audiovisual language, they constitute a major component of picture information, principles of digital visual effects processing these elements is to recover the overall relationship among them, whether it is virtual generation, or synthetic keying , are the scenes which should be combined with an environment light conditions, uniform color, color, texture restoration, in order to achieve a realistic effect, which is done, which is to make the audience aware of the results of digital effects, resulting from the gradual sense, examples of this aspect, in front of the text has been talked about, there is no longer dwell on.2, a reasonable view of the lens movement, and the movement trajectory of the objectViewpoint is the audience's point of view of the lens, its location is still reasonable to follow the principles of true feelings, its rationality is built around people accustomed to a certain degree of visual development, such as aerial remote sensing camera that allows the audience to appreciate overlooking the earth, according to the head beings feeling. Lens movement also has its own rules, the traditional camera movement has to be very strict, mature specification, digital effects still can not be broken, if free to let the camera movement will cause the results form from content.Is a groundbreaking digital effects ax, the traditional view is that digital effects is to be repaired some undesirable pre-shoot camera, generate some interesting pictures. Some creators of digital effects in order to pursue fashion means to fill some of the special effects shots in the frame, so that the effects of formal, detached from the overall style and structure of the film, digital effects has become a manifestation of the way, it has changed the traditional way of making cartoons , a form of digital effects is an effect of animation is an animation production process will not be a lot of content, it is conceivable if there is no digital effects in the background, the development of what will be a cartoon look.In summary, the synthesis tool is not just post-processing of the material, but throughout an important part of every animation production process, and even planning, screenwriter can not forget the factor synthesis technology generates virtual characters than do some other functions of the work, but to create a realistic, but a vivid reality does not exist. Is a form of performance art, creators of audiovisual language tells a moving story, the characters express emotion, infection audience. With the development of computer technology will be a new face synthesis show in front of people, will create a new style of film language and style, providing unlimited imagination of the creators.电影特效在电影中，人工制造出来的假象和幻觉，被称为电影特效(也被称为特技效果)。