学术英语写作Unit-9.Discussion
研究生学术英语6-9单元作文
研究生学术英语6-9单元作文Academic writing is a fundamental aspect of the research student experience, as it allows for the clear and concise communication of complex ideas and findings. In the context of research student academic English, units 6-9 focus on various elements of effective academic writing, including the organization and structure of research papers, the use of appropriate language and tone, and the effective incorporation of sources and citations.One of the key elements covered in these units is the structure and organization of a research paper. A well-structured paper can help to guide the reader through the author's argument and findings, making the content more accessible and easier to understand. Unit 6 explores the typical structure of a research paper, including the introduction, literature review, methodology, results, and discussion sections. Students learn how to effectively structure each section to present their research in a logical and coherent manner.The introduction section is particularly important, as it sets the stage for the rest of the paper. In this section, the author must clearlyarticulate the research question or problem being addressed, provide relevant background information, and outline the scope and objectives of the study. Effective introductions are concise yet informative, and they help to engage the reader and pique their interest in the research.The literature review section is another crucial component of a research paper. In this section, the author must demonstrate their familiarity with the existing body of research on the topic and identify any gaps or limitations in the current understanding. This section requires the careful selection and synthesis of relevant sources, as well as the ability to critically analyze and evaluate the existing literature.The methodology section is where the author outlines the research methods and procedures used in the study. This section must be detailed and precise, providing the reader with a clear understanding of how the research was conducted and the rationale behind the chosen methods. Effective methodology sections also address any potential limitations or biases in the research design.The results section is where the author presents the findings of the study. This section must be organized in a clear and logical manner, with the use of appropriate visual aids such as tables and figures to help the reader understand the data. The author must also bemindful of the language and tone used in this section, ensuring that the presentation of the results is objective and impartial.Finally, the discussion section is where the author interprets the findings of the study and discusses their implications. This section requires the author to critically analyze the results, identify any limitations or alternative explanations, and situate the findings within the broader context of the existing literature. Effective discussion sections also suggest avenues for future research and highlight the practical or theoretical significance of the study.Throughout the research paper, the author must also be mindful of the language and tone used. Academic writing requires a formal and objective style, with the use of appropriate vocabulary and sentence structure. Unit 7 explores the use of academic language, including the use of precise and concise language, the avoidance of colloquialisms and contractions, and the appropriate use of passive voice and hedging language.The effective incorporation of sources and citations is another key element of academic writing. Unit 8 focuses on the use of in-text citations and reference lists, providing guidance on the appropriate use of different citation styles (e.g., APA, MLA, Chicago) and the effective integration of source material into the text. Proper citation and referencing not only demonstrate the author's familiarity withthe existing literature but also help to ensure the integrity and credibility of the research.Finally, unit 9 explores the importance of proofreading and editing in the academic writing process. Effective proofreading and editing can help to identify and correct errors in grammar, spelling, and punctuation, as well as improve the overall clarity and coherence of the writing. This process is essential for ensuring that the final research paper is of the highest quality and effectively communicates the author's ideas and findings.In conclusion, the research student academic English units 6-9 provide a comprehensive overview of the key elements of effective academic writing. By mastering these skills, research students can develop the necessary competencies to produce high-quality research papers that effectively communicate their ideas and findings to the academic community. Through a focus on organization, language, citation, and proofreading, research students can enhance their academic writing abilities and contribute to the advancement of knowledge in their respective fields.。
SCI写作高频词-词组系列”讨论(Discussion)部分总结
SCI写作高频词-词组系列”讨论（Discussion）部分总结讨论部分是SCI论文写作难度最大，也是最能体现文章深度和创新性的部分。
一般分四大部分进行描述：第一部分，精要概括文章的研究背景以及本课题的主要研究目的、实验手段以及发现的结果。
第二部分，深入讨论结果部分中的重要研究发现。
通过比对引用前人的研究结果，讨论自己的研究结果。
讨论的角度可以从课题设计、分析方法、实验技术改进等方面进行切入。
如果课题中的研究结果是验证前人的研究发现，就不需要深入讨论, 要把讨论重点放在和前人研究结果不一样，或者前人没有发现过的独特的有创新性的结果。
第三部分，指明自己研究的不足之处。
可以从课题设计、实验手段、分析方法、是否需要进一步实验验证入手。
因为任何课题都不会是完美的，能把自己的不足主动列出来并说明对本课题“有限”的影响，会让审稿人觉得作者对自己课题是很了解的，有的时候也就不会让作者再补充相关实验。
第四部分，再次总结文章的实验发现和研究意义、贡献以及下一步的研究方向。
有的期刊要求把这部分独立出来称为“Conclusion”。
讨论部分的时态一般为过去时，在介绍前人研究时，则一般采用过去时或现在完成时。
第一部分总结概括研究背景和实验结果1. “本研究”的多样化表达：in this study, these data, these observations, our work, these results2. “目前研究的不足”如何阐述：bridge the gap between, this experimental bottleneck, remainsa significant challenge, have largely been ignored as, remain a daunting challenge, has been constrained by,3. “之前的研究”表述方法：previous results have shown that, it was previously found that,4. 时间的描述方法，“最近”怎么表达：until recently, to date, more recently, recently,5. “次序”的表达方法：followed by, then, lastly, furthermore, in addition, moreover, additionally,6. “因此”的表达方法：therefore, thus, hence, it is therefore important to,7. “转折”的描述方法：however, whereby, whereas, while, nevertheless, regardless of, in contrast, even if, conversely,8. “执行”的描述动词：analyze, screen, measure, govern, design, present a strategy, generated,9. 研究的“改善”的表达方法：has greatly improved the ability to10. 研究进展的表述方法：the advent of, recent advances,11. 结果表明的论述方法：show, suggest, demonstrate, imply, illustrate,第二部分深入讨论结果部分的重要发现1. 数量的表述方法：a diverse set of, a larger diversity of, large-scale, a large number of, a series of,2. 用于比较的描述方法：compared to prior methods, likewise, are similar to, Compared with,3. “合适”的合适表达：be well-suited for, match, adaptable for,4. “模拟”的表述方法：closely mirrored,5. “使得”我们做什么实验，“使得”的描述：allow us to, enable us to,6. “相互作用”的花样表达：interplay, map interaction, interact with,7. “关系”的描述词：relationship, association, link,8. “进一步”解释的暗示词：indeed, importantly, further, more generally,9. “来源”的描述方法：obtained from, result from,10. “借助”的用词方式：by, applied, used this method, via,11. “鉴于”的表达方式：supporting this notion, given that, considering that,12. “与......一致”的表述方法：in line with this, consistent with,第三部分指明本课题研究过程中的不足1. 结果“引发”的描述方法：lead to, contribute to, driven by, induced, in response to,2. 如何“引起读者注意”的词：remarkably, accordingly, notably, it is important to note that, interestingly,3. “自我反省”时的悔过方面：data quality, cost, scale, data-driven approach,4. “优点”的描述方法：offers unique advantages and disadvantages, the major advantage of,5. “缺点”的描述方法：a disadvantage of XX is that, these limitations, another limitation is that ,6. 用于推断的情态动词：may be, could be, should be, it is possible that, perhaps the reason that. ... is due to,7. 发挥作用的表述方式：serve this function, play an important/a crucial role in,第四部分再次回顾总结展望未来的研究1. 研究很“重要”，“重要”如何凸显：be crucial to, importantly, specifically,2. “揭示、表明”的论述方法：uncover, suggest, show, demonstrate, imply, indicate, it was found that, illustrate,3. 研究展望的描述方法：provide new insights into, ultimately reveal new molecular mechanisms, as an understudied and important potential next frontier, shed light on the molecular basis of , future investigations using strategies reported XXX will likely illuminate novel function of, the data as a continuing source for future discoveries, XXX will be an important question for future investigation, our next challenge is to, can be another strategy for XXX, lays the groundwork for future therapeutic strategies4. “整合”的描述方法：integrated into, integration of,5. “预见/认为”的下结论方法：foresee, speculate, these predictions are supported by6. 总结概括的描述方法：ultimately, altogether, taken together, in summary, together, in conclusion7. “侧重于, 强调”的表述方法：focus on, concentrate on, highlight,8. 研究价值的表述方法：particularly useful,。
英文作文discussion
英文作文discussion下载温馨提示:该文档是我店铺精心编制而成，希望大家下载以后，能够帮助大家解决实际的问题。
文档下载后可定制随意修改，请根据实际需要进行相应的调整和使用，谢谢!并且，本店铺为大家提供各种各样类型的实用资料，如教育随笔、日记赏析、句子摘抄、古诗大全、经典美文、话题作文、工作总结、词语解析、文案摘录、其他资料等等，如想了解不同资料格式和写法，敬请关注!Download tips: This document is carefully compiled by theeditor. I hope that after you download them,they can help yousolve practical problems. The document can be customized andmodified after downloading,please adjust and use it according toactual needs, thank you!In addition, our shop provides you with various types ofpractical materials,such as educational essays, diaryappreciation,sentence excerpts,ancient poems,classic articles,topic composition,work summary,word parsing,copyexcerpts,other materials and so on,want to know different data formats andwriting methods,please pay attention!As a teenager living in the digital age, I find myself constantly surrounded by technology. Whether it's my smartphone, laptop, or tablet, these devices have become an integral part of my daily life. They allow me to stay connected with friends and family, access information instantly, and entertain myself with various apps and games. However, this reliance on technology has its drawbacks.One of the main concerns is the impact it has on our social interactions. With the rise of social media platforms, it's become easier than ever to connect with others online. While this can be beneficial in many ways,it also means that face-to-face interactions are becoming less common. We often find ourselves glued to our screens, scrolling through endless feeds, instead of engaging in meaningful conversations with those around us.Another issue is the effect of technology on our mental health. The constant exposure to social media can lead tofeelings of inadequacy and low self-esteem. Seeing others' seemingly perfect lives can make us question our own worth and happiness. Moreover, the pressure to constantly be connected and available can lead to stress and anxiety.It's important to find a balance and take breaks from technology to prioritize our mental well-being.Furthermore, technology has also had a significant impact on our physical health. Spending long hours on screens can lead to sedentary behavior, which in turn can contribute to obesity and other health problems. Additionally, the blue light emitted by screens can disrupt our sleep patterns, making it harder to get a good night's rest. It's crucial to be mindful of our screen time and incorporate physical activity into our daily routines.In addition to these concerns, there are also ethical issues surrounding technology. The collection and use of personal data by tech companies have raised questions about privacy and security. We need to be aware of how our data is being used and take steps to protect our privacy. Moreover, the development of artificial intelligence raisesethical dilemmas, such as the potential loss of jobs and the responsibility for the actions of autonomous machines.Despite these challenges, it's important to acknowledge the positive aspects of technology. It has revolutionized various industries, making our lives more convenient and efficient. It has also provided us with access to a wealth of information and educational resources. Technology has the power to connect people from different parts of the world and foster global collaboration.In conclusion, while technology has undoubtedly brought about numerous benefits, it's important to be mindful ofits negative consequences. We must strive to find a balance between our digital lives and our real-life interactions. By being aware of the potential pitfalls and taking steps to mitigate them, we can make the most of the digital age while safeguarding our well-being.。
学术讨论英文作文
学术讨论英文作文英文：As an academic, I believe that discussion is key to the advancement of knowledge and understanding. Through sharing ideas and debating different perspectives, we can arrive at new insights and solutions to complex problems.One example of this is in the field of psychology, where researchers often have differing opinions on the nature of human behavior and the best ways to study it. By engaging in respectful debate and presenting evidence to support their arguments, psychologists can refine their theories and develop more accurate models of the mind.Another example is in the realm of politics, where people with different ideologies and beliefs often clash. By engaging in civil discourse and listening to eachother's perspectives, we can work towards finding common ground and creating policies that benefit everyone.Of course, not all discussions are productive. Sometimes people can become too entrenched in their own views and refuse to consider alternative perspectives. In these cases, it's important to remain respectful and open-minded, but also to recognize when it's time to move on and focus on more fruitful discussions.Overall, I believe that academic discourse is essential for the growth and development of knowledge. By engaging in respectful and thoughtful discussions, we can push the boundaries of what we know and make progress towards a better future.中文：作为一名学者，我相信讨论是推动知识和理解进步的关键。
学术讨论的通知英语作文
学术讨论的通知英语作文Notice of Academic Discussion。
Dear all,。
We are pleased to announce an upcoming academic discussion that will be held on __________ (date) at__________ (time) in __________ (venue). The theme of the discussion is __________ (theme), and we have invited several distinguished scholars to share their insights and research findings on the topic.The discussion will be divided into several sessions, each focusing on a specific aspect of the theme. Our keynote speakers include __________ (speaker 1), __________ (speaker 2), and __________ (speaker 3), who will present their latest research and engage in a lively exchange of ideas with the audience. In addition, we will also have a panel discussion where experts from different fields will discuss the implications of the theme for their respectiveareas of study.We believe that this academic discussion will provide a valuable platform for scholars, researchers, and students to share their knowledge and ideas, and to foster interdisciplinary collaboration. We encourage all those who are interested in the theme to attend and participate in the discussion.Please RSVP by __________ (date) to confirm your attendance. For more information, please contact __________ (contact person) at __________ (contact email/phone).We look forward to seeing you at the discussion.Sincerely,。
学术英语写作Unit-9.Discussion
• 8. The writer notes that one of the achievements or contributions of this work is its novelty.
• 9. The writer refines the implications of the results, including possible applications.
• 3. The writer revisits the methodology used in this study.
• 4. The writer revisits and summarizes the
results.
7
• 5. The writer shows where and how the present work fits into the research ‘map’ in this field.
• When you discuss the results, you should
• (1) focus on the major findings • (2) explain what is new in your
work and why your results are important
11
9
Contents of Discussion
• (1) review of the original purpose of research
• (2) introduction to major findings • (3) explanation of major findings • (4) comparison and contrast between your
英语课文Discussion
Discussion（6）
As such, plagiarism can be seen as an attack on the principles of scholarship (Freewood et al., 2003), rather than a transgression of rules.It is important to bear in mind that ideas of the importance of originality are not objective but stem from the particular cultural context of western and European academic institutions (Larkham, 2003). Haggis has suggested that some students may have problems with the concepts involved in academic literacy rhetoric, such as‘argument’ and ‘evidence’, and in the process of ‘concretizing’ these abstractions may commit plagiarism (Haggis, 2003). The challenge of academic writing can be daunting and confusing for students (Johnston, 2003).
Differences in the way staff, students and institutions define plagiarism can influence the implementation of policy in a number of ways. Firstly, the fact that staff have internalized definitions means that all instances of plagiarism are mediated by these before consulting policy. This may result in inconsistent application of policy and differential treatment of students.Our data suggest this occurs both within and between particular subject groups or schools.
人教版英语八年级下unit9写作素材与话题讨论
人教版英语八年级下unit9写作素材与话题讨论本文将为您提供人教版英语八年级下册第九单元的写作素材和话题讨论。
写作素材1. Cultural differences: Discussing the cultural differences between China and other countries, such as customs, traditions, festivals, and food.2. Environmental protection: Exploring the importance of environmental protection and discussing ways to reduce pollution and promote sustainability.3. Leisure activities: Sharing different leisure activities that teenagers enjoy, such as sports, music, reading, and hobbies.4. School life: Describing the daily routines, subjects, and extracurricular activities in a typical Chinese middle school.5. Dream jobs: Exploring various dream jobs that students may aspire to and discussing the skills and qualifications required for those jobs.话题讨论1. 青少年与传统文化的关系：探讨现代青少年对传统文化的理解和态度的变化，以及对传统文化的保护和传承的意义。
2. 如何保护环境：讨论人们应该如何参与环境保护，提出个人和社会层面上的解决方案，如节约能源、减少废物等。
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• 3. The writer revisits the methodology used in this study.
• 4. The writer revisits and summarizes the
results.
7
• 5. The writer shows where and how the present work fits into the research ‘map’ in this field.
• When you discuss the results, you should
• (1) focus on the major findings • (2) what is new in your
work and why your results are important
11
学术英语写作Unit-9.Discussion
• Function • Sample Analysis • Contents • Grammar and Writing Skills
2
Function of Discussion
• The primary function of Discussion is to show the relationships among observed facts and indicate what new information is provided by the present study.
• Introduction should have posed one or more questions. Discussion should indicate how the findings answer the questions.
6
Sample Analysis
Here are the sentence descriptions:
• 1. The writer revisits previous research.
• 2. The writer revisits the Introduction to recall specific weakness in the methodology used in previous studies.
• 10 &11. The writer describes the limitations which should direct future research.
• 12. The writer suggests a specific area to be addressed in future work.
8
• 8. The writer notes that one of the achievements or contributions of this work is its novelty.
• 9. The writer refines the implications of the results, including possible applications.
• The drop in pressure must have been due to a crack in the pipe.
4
Fig. 1 The shape of a research article Abstract
Introduction
Materials/ Methods
(what you did/used)
Results
(what you found)
Discussion/ Conclusion
5
• Introduction and Discussion should function as a pair.
3
• Naturally, this is the most subjective section of a scientific research article .
• This is where the authors combine their experience, background knowledge, and creativity to explain the data and use it as evidence in their interpretation .
9
Contents of Discussion
• (1) review of the original purpose of research
• (2) introduction to major findings • (3) explanation of major findings • (4) comparison and contrast between your
• 6. The writer recalls an aspect of the results that represents a positive achievement or contribution of this work.
• 7. The writer focuses on the meaning and implications of the achievements in this work.
findings and existing knowledge on the topic • (5) theoretical implications and practical
applications of the results • (6) significance of the paper
10
Grammar and Writing Skills • Modal verbs
• may, might, can, could, must
12
• The drop in pressure was due to a crack in the pipe.
• The drop in pressure may have been due to a crack in the pipe.