科技英语期终复习题
科技英语复习内容(考试)

Unit 1A. 1) mutual gain game and mutual harm game互赢博弈和互败博弈2) sequential –move game连续策略博弈3) simultaneous-move game 联立策略博弈4) linear reasoning直线推理5) circular reasoning循环推理6) Nash reasoning纳什均衡7) dominant strategy支配性策略8) optimal result最优化结果9) breakdown of cooperation合作破裂10) strategy of brinkmanship边缘化策略B. 1) 完全博弈pure conflict 2) 竞争与合作competition and cooperation3) 策略性相互作用strategic interdependence 4) 囚徒困境prisoners’ dilemma5) 长远性损失ong-run loss 6) 针锋相对策略tit-for-tat strategy7) 策略混合mixing one’s moves8) 打斜线球或底线球hit a passing shot cross-court or down the line9) 垄断性市场monopoly market 10) 均衡份额equilibrium sharesUnit 5A. 1) the existing technology 现有的技术2) voice commands语音命令3) cellular network蜂窝网络4) slot for added memory附加存储卡用槽5) have computerlike fearues具有电脑功能6) a built-in digital camera内置式数码相机7) set up temporary offices建立临时办公室8) word processing power文字处理能力9) qwerty keboard标准键盘10) location-based services定位服务B. 1) 闪存容量flashy memory 2) 手机观察家们mobile-phone watchers3) 投影键盘projection keyboard 4) 个人电脑的捍卫者defenders of the PC5) 语音识别系统speech-recognition system 6) “双铰”式设计―dual hinge‖ design7) 按钮式拨号式键盘the touch-tone pad 8) 手机迷a phone guy9) 豪华大屏显the luxuriously large screen 10) 智能手机smartphonesUnit 8A 1) ferrous metal 黑色金属2) boron nitride 氮化硼3) elastic deformation 弹性形变4) plastic deformation 塑性形变5) bulk modulus体积模量6) volume compression 体积压缩7) linear compression 线性压缩8) shear modulus 剪切模9) covalent bond 共价键10) irreversible motion 不可恢复运动B 1) 剪切运动shear motion 2)过渡金属transition mental 3)纳米结构nanostructure4)结晶粒度grain size 5)三元相ternary phases 6)高价电子high valence electron7)导热性能thermal conductivity 8) 低耗合成low-cost synthesis9)耐磨涂层wear-risistant coating 10)折光指数index refractionUnit 11. The essence of a game is the interdependence of player strategies. There are two distinct types of strategic interdependence: sequential and simultaneous.博奕的实质是博弈者采取策略间相互依赖性,这种策略性相互依赖表瑞为两个不同类别,连续策略之间和联力策略间的相互作用。
科技英语期末复习资料.doc

一 .填空题l.The ensemble averages will be identical (with) the statistical averages and may be represented by the same symbols.2.Suppose, for example, that the statistical characteristics of the sample functions (in) the ensemble were changing with time.3.There is a negative statement associated (with) Shannon's theorem.4.It turns out (that) the results obtained for a gaussian channel often provide a lower bound (on) the performance of a system operating (over)a nongaussian channel.5.The characteristics of the pulse group are related (to) the message sample through operations called quantization and coding.6.The term symbol coder distinguishes this coding operation (from) the overall source encoding process.In most cases,a variablejength code is used to represent the mapped and quantized date set.lt assigns the shortest codewords (to) the most frequently (occurring) output values and thus reduces coding redundancy.7.Quantization and sampling produce the same result (as) sampling and quantizing.8.Error control coding waveforms,(on) the other hand, have bandwidth expansion factors that grow only linearly (with) the code block length.9.The method involves first sampling the informationsignal,quantizing the sample by rounding (off) to the closest of a number of discrete levels, and finally generating a prescribed number of pulses according to a code related to the nearest discrete level.10.Speech coding is a fundamental technology that has existed (for) more than 60 years,beginning (in) thel930s with Dudley,s original vocoder.UChannel coding protects digital date (from) errors by selectively introducing redundancies in the transmitted data.12.Vision is the most advanced of our senses, so it is not surprising that images play the signal most important role (in) human perception.13.Sometimes a distinction is made by defining image processing (as).14.A low-level process is characterized (by) the fact that both its inputs and outputs are images..英译汉I.random process, 随机过程3.channel capacity. 信道容量5.positive pulse. 正脉冲制7.quantum step size.量化步长9.pulse train, 脉冲序列II.error correction code. 纠错码13.carrier frequency,载波频率15.Speech coding. 语音编码强puter display 计算机视觉2.random variable 随机变量4.error probability 误码率6.pulse code modulation 脉冲编码调8.linear function 线性函数10.error detection code 检错码12.bandpass signal 带通信号14.background noise 背景噪声16.contrast enhancement 对比度增1 .样本函数sample function2 集平均ensemble average4 概率密度 probability density 6 上限 upper limit 8脉宽调制.PDM 10 信道编码 channel coding 12 编码调制 state diagram 14 铜线.copper wire 16 电磁波频谱 electromagnetic18 图像理解 image understanding3 高斯信道 gaussian channel5下界,下限lower bound7脉幅调制 PAM9脉位调制PPM11加性高斯白噪声AWGN13 已调信号 vector array15 语音识另U speech recognitionspectrum17无线电波 radio wave 19 人工智能.artificial intelligence 四.翻译句子1 .在整篇文章中,我们假定要研究的随机过程均为各太历经过程。
科技英语综合练习复习

科技英语综合练习复习资料阅读理解Unit 11、The term “games” in game theory all shares the characteristic of______?A、integrityB、interferenceC、interactionD、interdependence参考答案:D2、According to the passage, recent research of game theory lays its emphasis onA、zero-sum gamesB、pure conflictC、pure cooperationD、petition and cooperation参考答案:D3、In simultaneous-move games, the player shouldA、watch how the other players respond and then respond in turnB、be conscious of the other players5 current actionsC、be thinking in a linear chain of reasoning and calculate the possible outeD、try to select his best response to what the others do参考答案:D4、In the sentence ''Other games were considered in a cooperative form、That is, the participants were supposed to choose and implement their actions jointly”,the underlined word “implement”means 、____A、selectB、fulfill 履行C、diversifyD、quantify参考答案:BDilemma” of game theory that_____:5、We can infer from “The Prisoner'sA、it belongs to the so-called zero-sum games because the interests af the prisoners conflict totallyB、an equilibrium can be reached in repeated plays of the game in order to avoid mutual lossC、the prisoners are ignorant about whether their partner cooperates with them or confesses to the authoritiesD、a precondition has been set that each prisoner^ personal best option will turn to a jointly optimal oute参考答案:B6、According to the authors, which of the following statements il true?A、Nash’s concept of equilibrium addresses the issues of both sequential-move andsimultaneous-move games、B、The pursuit of an equilibrium should end up looking for dominant strategies or eliminating dominated players、C、Nash’s concept of equilibrium doesn’t specify the dynamic process which can result in an equilibrium、D、An equilibrium will ultimately be arrived at in simultaneous-move games、参考答案:C7、To keep the rival guessing or losing, the use of mixing moves can be found in______A、lumberjack chopping woodB、Cortes conquering Mexico in 16th centuryC、Polaroid securing a monopoly marketD、a tennis player hitting a passing shot一个网球运动员参考答案:D8、In the sentence "When we say that an oute is an equilibrium, there is no presumption that each person's privately best choice will lead to a collectively、optimal result”, the underlined word “presumption” means _____A、hypothesis 假设B、conclusionC、meditationD、anticipation参考答案:A9、Which of the following ways can enhance the credibility of threats and promise to affect the opponent in a strategic interaction?A、Keeping the rival guessing、B、Using the strategy of brinkmanship、C、Bargaining to have a better oute、D、Concealing and revealing information、参考答案:B10、In the sentence “A player can use threats and promises to alter other players’expectations of his future actions, and thereby induce them to take actions favorable to him or deter them from making moves that harm him”,the underlined word “deter”means___A、alterB、remindC、stimulateD、prevent 阻止参考答案:DUnit 441、Cable operators can offer their subscribers services like reserving bandwidth for specific application by using _______specification、A、DOCSISB、PCMMC、TDMD、VoIP参考答案:B42、The PCMM standard creates a framework that allows the_________ to control and change the allocated bandwidth for various services、A、cable modemB、record keeping serverC、application managerD、end-user devices参考答案:D43、In the sentence “The seamless Wi-Fi roaming technology would alert the mobile carrier when a user migrates into a Wi-Fi zone”, the underlined word “migrates” meansA、switchesB、residesC、settlesD、dwells参考答案:A44、Which of the following-is a pelling reason for promoting cellular roaming?A、Saving operating expenditure、B、Expanding cell, phone's markets、C、Increasing entertaining functions、D、Improving overall munications、通信参考答案:D45、Meshed networks are moving toward the concept "________"A、hot spotB、access pointC、metro spot 地铁站点D、network node参考答案:C46、Which of the following is the characteristic of meshed wireless network?A、Self-searching、B、Self-configuring、C、Self-checking、,D、Self-upgrading、参考答案:B47、In the sentence “A hybrid TDM/IP approach can incorporate IP features in conjunction with an existing TDM-based PBX”,the underlined word "hybrid"A、integratedB、binedC、relatedD、divided参考答案:B48、What does the IP Centrex service use to provide all the IP calling features to the enterprise customer?A A context switch and feature server architecture、B A softswitch and management server architecture、C A context switch and management server architecture、D、 A softswitch and feature server architecture、软交换与特征服务参考答案:D49、In the sentence “PON has been heralded as the chosen FTTP path for RBOCs”, the underlined word "heralded" means 、A、proclaimed 宣告B、advancedC、guidedD、signaled参考答案:A410、The actual number of active devices in an active network is less than ________more thain those in a passive network、A、1%B、2%C、10%D、20%参考答案:AUnit 661、What is the main point of the article?A、The laws of thermodynamics will eventually cause puter system performance toplateau、B、Reversible puting is inevitable in the near future、、C、Reversible puting will unlock the power of tomorrow’s puting platformsD、The principles of reversible puting、参考答案:C62、Reversible puters, or adiabatic systems 、A、cause existing technology to falterB、are an alternative puting technique 代替计算技术C、are quantum putersD、e at a steep price参考答案:B63、The core elements to create a fully functional reversible puter system involveA、reversible circuits, reversible power supply and reversible switchesB、reversible power supply and reversible switchesC、reversible circuits, reversible switches and reversible chipsD、reversible circuits, reversible power supply and reversible chips可逆电路、可逆电源、可逆芯片参考答案:D64、Which of the following states why improvements in puting e at a steep price?A、Conventional puting architectures need to be changed、B、Deleting information inevitably produces heat、C、Hardware designs need to be re-engineered、D、Software and development tools need to be re-designed、参考答案:A65、Researchers have been investigating alternative puting techniques such as_______to stave off the problems of conventional puting performance、A、switchesB、routersC、quantum puting 量子计算D、algorithmic-intensive operations参考答案:C66、In the sentence “To stave off these problems, researchers have beenthe underlined phrase-&stave off’ investigating alternative puting techniques”,meansA、give way toB、keep offC、reduceD、solve 解决参考答案:D67、Which of the following lists all the fundamental puting performance bottlenecks?A、Hardware and software designs and leakage、B、Tremendous heat dissipation and hardware and software designs、C、Tremendous heat dissipation and thermal noise、1D、Tremendous heat dissipation, thermal noise and leakage、参考答案:D68、Which of the following statements would the author most probably agree withT^dA、Clock speed needs to be reduced to improve the energy efficiency of puting systems、、B、A future where systems based on reversible chips bee necessary is out of reachC、Frank’s power supply sparks circuit nodes, to new levels,D、Knight persisted in adiabatic systems, knowing the technology would be, important soon、参考答案:A69、Which of the following statements supports the idea that “the e nergy consumption of laptops remains the same”?power-saying features on laptops、A、Do not confuse adiabatic methods with today’sB、The putations of laptops may consume less power, but take twice as long to plete、完成C、Overall energy of laptops is conserved since much of the time they are not running、D、Laptops run the idle loop fast, thus laptops might conserve power、参考答案:B610、It can be implied from the passage that______、A、adiabatic systems are more necessary for general-purpose applicationsB、a future where reversible systems bee necessary is inevitableC、reversible chips will not be more efficient for practical applications even if optimizedD、Knight is not in favor of adiabatic research参考答案:BUnti 771、In the sentence “As the enterprise considers VoIP and more significantly VoIP over Wi-Fi, the decision to implement location-aware technology will bee amatter、of legal pliance”, the underlined word “pliance” means _____A、flexibilityB、mand 命令C、issueD、assent参考答案:B72、When a caller dials 911, a selective router switch within the phone networksends the call to a local ______A、base stationB、PSAP 公共安全应答站C、access pointD、PSTN参考答案:B73、What is the percentage of people in the U、S、who will get E911 service?A、About 93 percent、B、About 95 percent、C、About 88 percent、88D、About 79 percent、参考答案:C74、Wireless technologies and VoIP present unique problems for E911 because__________、A、VoIP phone users are usually able to roam in a large areaB、VoIP phones only use base stations to connect to the InternetC、VoIP phones can only work across Wi-Fi networkgraphic locationD、VoIP phones’ area codes are tied to its’ geo参考答案:A75、Which of the following is included in the deployment of 911 across cellular networks?A、Phase 0 ensures that E911 calls will get through to a PSAP、、B、Phase 1 specifies that VoIP 911 calls will be routed to the local PSAP、C、Phase 2 will bring full E911 services to VoIP across the PSTND、Phase 3 will deliver E911 over IP to devices without telephone numbers、参考答案:A76、In the sentence “It could then offset those costs by passing them on to the application service provider, which could in turn charge the end user”, the、underlined word “offset” means_______A、counteractB、softenC、decreaseD、slash参考答案:A77、Which of the following is the advantage of A-GPS over GPS?A、The search time is reduced by 10 to 12 seconds、B、It takes several minutes to get the location information、C、It saves precious battery life for mobile phone users、D、It works equally well both inside and outside buildings、参考答案:C78、Wi-Fi uses_________、A、licensed bandsB、unlicensed bandsC、free bandsD、limited bands参考答案:B79、Which of the following is the function of triangulation?、A、To measure the returning signal’s attenuationB、To emit test signals into the environment、C、To pare multiple signal strengths、D、To account for multiple propagation、参考答案:C710、Which of the following examples shows that location-aware presence improves Wi-Fi security?A、It can locate interlopers penetrating the defenses of the Wi-Fi network、B、Within the Wi-Fi environment, consumers can be directed to restaurants、C、Shipping panies can now track the movement of their vans、D、In hospitals doctors and medical equipment can be quickly located、参考答案:A完形填空Unit 41.A、profits B、handicaps C、benefits促进D、hindrances2.A、while B、when C、however D、though3.A、everywhere B、anywhere C、however D、though4.A、on B、with C、by D、over5.A、accede B、accelerate促进C、access D、accept6.A、exceeds超越B、precedes C、antecedes D、cedes7.A、decline B、arise C、grow种植D、descend8.A、converting B、converging合并C、convecting D、convolving9.A、interact B、interaction C、interacting D、interactive互动得10.A、coupling B、couple C、coupled连结得D、beingcoupled11.A、potential潜能B、latency C、efficiency D、specialty12.A、but B、however C、therefore D、hence13.A、That B、It C、Which D、What14.A、constitutes构成B、consists C、prises D、contains15.A、minimum最低限度得B、maximum C、medium D、average16.A、upon B、for C、against反对D、beneath17.A、nevertheless B、though C、even平得D、nonetheless18.A、approach B、access接入C、avail D、admission19.A、uncertainty不确定得B、probability C、certainty D、likelihood20.A、survive B、evolve使发展C、revolve D、extend Unit61.A、on B、to C、for D、at2.A、award B、reward C、awards D、rewards报酬3.A、though B、so C、if D、worse4.A、punishment惩罚B、punish C、information D、judge5.A、detects B、detected C、is detected D、be detected6.A、punished B、unpunished C、punishing D、unpunishing7.A、say B、note记事本C、understand D、calculate8.A、by accident偶然地B、by instinct C、by intention D、by allaccounts9.A、proof B、evidence C、examine D、inspections检查10.A、surrenders B、reasons C、victims受害者D、causes11.A、having to stay B、having stayed C、staying D、of having tostay12.A、cleared B、revealed显示C、victims D、causes13.A、lying B、untruthful C、dishonest不诚实得D、unhonest14.A、Unlike B、Like C、With D、For15.A、take B、mit犯罪C、submit D、perform16.A、be charged B、charged C、charge D、charging17.A、depend B、mand C、remend D、demands18.A、exist B、result C、obtain D、gain19.A、hesitate犹豫B、refuse C、stop D、lost20.A、confident B、private C、confidential机密得D、valuable 句子翻译Unit 11、The essence of a game is the interdependence of player strategies、There are two distinct types of strategic interdependence:sequential and simultaneous、博弈得实质就是博弈者采取策略之间得相互依赖性。
科学英语期末考试卷

科学英语期末考试卷一、选择题1. What is the process by which plants make their own food using sunlight?A. PhotosynthesisB. RespirationC. DecompositionD. Transpiration答案:A. Photosynthesis2. The smallest unit of an element that retains the properties of that element is called a:A. MoleculeB. AtomC. CompoundD. Particle答案:B. Atom3. The force that pulls objects towards the center of the Earth is called:A. FrictionB. GravityC. InertiaD. Buoyancy答案:B. Gravity4. What is the chemical symbol for Gold?A. GoB. AuC. AgD. Pt答案:B. Au5. The study of the Earth's physical structure and substance, its history, and the processes that act on it is called:A. BiologyB. GeologyC. PhysicsD. Chemistry答案:B. Geology二、填空题6. The formula for calculating speed is distance divided by ___________.答案:time7. The three states of matter are solid, liquid, and ___________.答案:gas8. The SI unit for temperature is ___________.答案:Kelvin9. The process by which water changes from a liquid to a gas is called ___________.答案:evaporation10. The center of an atom contains protons and ___________.答案:neutrons三、简答题11. Explain the difference between an element and a compound.答案:An element is a pure substance that consists of only one type of atom, while a compound is a substance made up of two or more different elements that are chemically bonded together.12. Describe the steps of the scientific method.答案:The steps of the scientific method are as follows:1. Observation2. Question3. Hypothesis4. Experiment5. Analysis6. Conclusion四、综合题13. A car travels at a speed of 60 km/h for 3 hours. How far does the car travel?答案:Distance = speed x timeDistance = 60 km/h x 3 hDistance = 180 km14. Explain why ice floats on water.答案:Ice floats on water because it is less dense than water. This is due to the arrangement of water molecules in a solid state, forming a crystal lattice structure which makes ice less dense than liquid water.。
2014年中国石油大学--科技英语总复习-答题篇

中国石油大学《科技英语》综合复习资料Part I Vocabulary and Structure(词汇与结构)1. As parts of the world become __B____, millions of people will try to migrate to more ___B___ areas.A. hospitable… uninhabitableB. uninhabitable… hospitableC. habitable… inhospitableD. inhospitable … uninhabitable2. A(n) ___C___ is someone who is being considered for a position, for example someone who is runningin an election or applying for a job.A. astronomerB. scientistC. candidateD. researcher3. There are scientific satellites in ____B______ that measure wave heights, but too few to give reliableworldwide coverage.A. markB. orbitC. storeD. line4. The first-year courses provide short introductions to these areas, while the second-year courses_____B_____ the areas in greater depth.A. classifyB. investigateC. clearD. examine5. Their marriage was in danger of breaking up last year but it seems quite __D____ now.A. favorableB. criticalC. profitableD. stable6. If individuals are awakened each time as they began a dream phase of sleep, they are likely to becomeirritable even if their total amount of sleep has been ___B___.A. efficientB. sufficientC. deficientD. proficient7. Linda didn’t like the work because it lacked ____C______; she was doing the same thing all the time.A. anxietyB. priorityC. varietyD. society8. She wanted to ask him all about his private life, but wisely _____C_____ herself.A. rescuedB. heldC. restrainedD. curbed9. After he was attacked, he managed to ____D______ to the phone and call for help.A. poundB. comeC. turnD. stagger10. The issue was whether or not the bacteria (细菌) in his body would _____C_____ the local ecosystem.A. breakB. balanceC. contaminateD. contain11. Moving to a new school can ____C______ a child’s education, especially between the ages of elevenand sixteen.A. upsetB. balanceC. disruptD. disorder12. China’s news media is following world trend by marketization and ___D_______into enterprises.A. conversionB. translationC. transplantingD. transforming13. Up to 22 people were killed and 187 others injured in a suicide bomb attack which __B____ ademonstration in a northern Iraqi city.A. transportedB. targetedC. yieldedD. aimed14. The general secretary’s decision to inv est was a __C____ mistake, resulting in a heavy loss of money.A. firmB. privateC. costlyD. incentive15. I feel nervous about the __A____ of the experiment as it determines the future of this domain.A. outcomeB. outlookC. outputD. outline16. Once attached to the host Program, the computer viruses then look for other programs to ___C___.A. affectB. effectC. infectD. perfect17. Their government always looks at problems from the financial viewpoint, and the social ___C___ isnever considered.A. inspectB. prospectC. aspectD. respect18. One’s appearance does not always __B____ with his quality, so don’t judge people by looks.A. compareB. coincideC. collideD. content19. We work best in a peaceful and comfortable ____B______ so as to increase our productivity and relieveour exhaustion.A. paceB. atmosphereC. rhymeD. hemisphere20. The new ____B_____ of this dictionary has not been in use yet, but its appearance has aroused quite alot of attention.A. visionB. versionC. variationD. verification21. The news slowly ____C______ through to everyone in the office; finally everybody felt worried aboutthe uncertainty of the future.A. meltedB. frozeC. filteredD. flowed22. We do remember your initial objections, but unfortunately you didn’t place them __D____.A. in registerB. to documentC. in betweenD. on record23. The cost may be lower than we first thought, but __B____ it will still be quite substantial.A. in no caseB. in any caseC. in case ofD. in case24. Sometimes you can __A_____ valuable antiques by chance – for example when you’re clearing out anold building.A. come byB. come inC. come outD. come down25. Obviously you came here intending to ___D____ the United States and you will need a work visa.A. rest withB. resort toC. render intoD. reside in26. The new __D____ edition of this book focuses specifically on the complexities of grammatical choicesthat students need to master.A. alteredB. convertedC. modifiedD. revised27. The poor condition of this apartment block is a danger to all its ____B______.A. habitatsB. inhabitantsC. habitsD. inherits28. Enough lava had ____C______ from the volcano to bury the entire village.A. disruptedB. splashedC. eruptedD. spilt29. You are legally ___B___ to take faulty goods back to the store where you bought them.A. devotedB. entitledC. accessedD. contributed30. Time and time again, women seem to __B____ on promotion and career opportunities.A. fall outB. lose outC. wipe outD. put out31. ___A____ in the office had a mistake, and the firm regretted causing the customer inconvenience.A. SomeoneB. AnyoneC. No oneD. Everyone32. Rod is determined to get a seat for the concert __C____ it means standing in a queue all night.A. as ifB. providedC. even ifD. whatever33. This magazine is very __B___ with young people, who like its content and style.A. familiarB. popularC. similarD. Particular34. _B____ twice, the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we chained our dog.A. Being bittenB. BittenC. Having been bittenD. To be bitten35. The morning paper __A____a story about demonstrations in New York and Washington D.C..A. carriedB. extendedC. broughtD. tookPart II Identification(判断正误)1. No sooner had they entered the room when the telephone rang. 错2. As a graduate from high school, Tom is faced with three choices: attending college, finding a job or joining the army. 对3. It was his nervousness in the interview which probably caused him to lose the job. 错4. You can arrive in Beijing earlier for the meeting though you don’t mind taking the night train. 错5. Why not stay at home now that the road is so slippery after the heavy snow?对6. But for the help of my English teacher, I would not have won the first prize in the English Writing Competition. 对7 .Those brave army soldiers would rather die with their heads high than lived with their knees bent. 错8. It is no good try to remember grammatical rules. You need to practice what you have learned. 错9. The Great Wall is such a well-known tourist attraction that millions of people pour in every year. 对10. Over the past 20 years, the internet has helped change our world in either way or another 错for the better.Part III Word-filling (单词填空)1. Georgia said it would take a___ aggressive__(咄咄逼人的)diplomatic steps to respond to the Russian action in order to defend its rights.2. In most western countries, upon reaching an a__ appropriate__(适当的)age, children are encouraged, but not forced, to ―leave the nest‖.3. Among all the voting people, the great majority agreed to a _abolish____(废除) this kind of cruel punishment as it is against morality.4. It took the authorities a long time to make _ identification __(identify) of the accident victims.5. Supplies may_ fluctuate__(fluctuation) according to seasonal availability but you’ll always find a wide selection.6. The __ extraction__ (extract) of mineral resources from the ground has left huge scars on the landscape.7. The inflation rate cannot be properly __ quantified__(quantity) but the official figure is 46%.8. He is very aggressive, totally _ dominating__(dominant) everyone he works with.9. Many experts gave opinions at the meeting, but u_ ultimately__(最终地) the decision lay with the president before it was released to the public.10. He condemned the w_ wastefulness__(浪费) of having everyone driving around in private cars instead of using public transport.Part IV Sentence translation(句子翻译)A. E-C Translation(英汉翻译)1. But dependency is no vice when the habit is healthful —and you don’t have to be an Olympian to benefit.但依赖性也并非坏事,只要它是有益于健康的—你不必非是个奥运选手才能获益。
科技英语综合练习复习资料(教学相关)

科技英语综合练习复习资料阅读理解Unit 11.The term “games” in game theory all shares the characteristic of______?A.integrityB.interferenceC.interactionD.interdependence参考答案:D2.According to the passage, recent research of game theory lays its emphasis onA.zero-sum gamesB.pure conflictC.pure cooperationpetition and cooperation参考答案:D3.In simultaneous-move games, the player shouldA.watch how the other players respond and then respond in turnB.be conscious of the other players5 current actionsC.be thinking in a linear chain of reasoning and calculate the possible outcomeD.try to select his best response to what the others do参考答案:D4.In the sentence ''Other games were considered in a cooperative form. That is, the participants were supposed to choose and implement their actions jointly”,the underlined word “implement”means .____A.selectB.fulfill 履行C.diversifyD.quantify参考答案:B5.We can infer from “The Prisoner's Dilemma” of game theory that_____:A.it belongs to the so-called zero-sum games because the interests af the prisoners conflict totallyB.an equilibrium can be reached in repeated plays of the game in order to avoid mutual lossC.the prisoners are ignorant about whether their partner cooperates with them or confesses to the authoritiesD.a precondition has been set that each prisoner^ personal best option will turn to ajointly optimal outcome参考答案:B6.According to the authors, which of the following statements il true?A.Nash’s concept of equilibrium addresses the issues of both sequential-move and simultaneous-move games.B.The pursuit of an equilibrium should end up looking for dominant strategies or eliminating dominated players.C.Nash’s concept of equilibrium doesn’t specify the dynamic process which can result in an equilibrium.D.An equilibrium will ultimately be arrived at in simultaneous-move games.参考答案:C7.To keep the rival guessing or losing, the use of mixing moves can be found in ______A.lumberjack chopping woodB.Cortes conquering Mexico in 16th centuryC.Polaroid securing a monopoly marketD.a tennis player hitting a passing shot一个网球运动员参考答案:D8.In the sentence "When we say that an outcome is an equilibrium, there is no presumption that each person's privately best choice will lead to a collectively optimal result”, the underlined word “presumption” means _____.A.hypothesis 假设B.conclusionC.meditationD.anticipation参考答案:A9.Which of the following ways can enhance the credibility of threats and promise to affect the opponent in a strategic interaction?A.Keeping the rival guessing.ing the strategy of brinkmanship.C.Bargaining to have a better outcome.D.Concealing and revealing information.参考答案:B10.In the sentence “A player can use threats and promises to alter other players’expectations of his future actions, and thereby induce them to take actions favorable to him or deter them from making moves that harm him”,the underlined word “deter”means___A.alterB.remindC.stimulateD.prevent 阻止参考答案:DUnit 441.Cable operators can offer their subscribers services like reserving bandwidth for specific application by using _______specification.A.DOCSISB.PCMMC.TDMD.VoIP参考答案:B42.The PCMM standard creates a framework that allows the_________ to control and change the allocated bandwidth for various services.A.cable modemB.record keeping serverC.application managerD.end-user devices参考答案:D43.In the sentence “The seamless Wi-Fi roaming technology would alert the mobile carrier when a user migrates into a Wi-Fi zone”, the underlined word “migrates” meansA.switchesB.residesC.settlesD.dwells参考答案:A44.Which of the following-is a compelling reason for promoting cellular roaming?A.Saving operating expenditure.B.Expanding cell, phone's markets.C.Increasing entertaining functions.D.Improving overall communications. 通信参考答案:D45.Meshed networks are moving toward the concept "________"A.hot spotB.access pointC.metro spot 地铁站点D. network node参考答案:C46.Which of the following is the characteristic of meshed wireless network?A.Self-searching.B.Self-configuring.C.Self-checking.,D.Self-upgrading.参考答案:B47.In the sentence “A hybrid TDM/IP approach can incorporate IP features in conjunction with an existing TDM-based PBX”,the underlined word "hybrid"A.integratedbinedC.relatedD.divided参考答案:B48.What does the IP Centrex service use to provide all the IP calling features to the enterprise customer?A A context switch and feature server architecture.B A softswitch and management server architecture.C A context switch and management server architecture.D. A softswitch and feature server architecture. 软交换和特征服务参考答案:D49.In the sentence “PON has been heralded as the chosen FTTP path for RBOCs”, the underlined word "heralded" means .A.proclaimed 宣告B.advancedC.guidedD.signaled参考答案:A410.The actual number of active devices in an active network is less than ________ more thain those in a passive network.A.1%B.2%C.10%D.20%参考答案:AUnit 661.What is the main point of the article?A.The laws of thermodynamics will eventually cause computer system performance to plateau.B.Reversible computing is inevitable in the near future.C.Reversible computing will unlock the power o f tomorrow’s computing platforms.D.The principles of reversible computing.参考答案:C62.Reversible computers, or adiabatic systems .A.cause existing technology to falterB.are an alternative computing technique 代替计算技术C.are quantum computerse at a steep price参考答案:B63.The core elements to create a fully functional reversible computer system involveA.reversible circuits, reversible power supply and reversible switchesB.reversible power supply and reversible switchesC.reversible circuits, reversible switches and reversible chipsD.reversible circuits, reversible power supply and reversible chips可逆电路、可逆电源、可逆芯片参考答案:D64.Which of the following states why improvements in computing come at a steep price?A.Conventional computing architectures need to be changed.B.Deleting information inevitably produces heat.C.Hardware designs need to be re-engineered.D.Software and development tools need to be re-designed.参考答案:A65.Researchers have been investigating alternative computing techniques such as _______to stave off the problems of conventional computing performance.A.switchesB.routersC.quantum computing 量子计算D.algorithmic-intensive operations参考答案:C66.In the sentence “To stave off these problems, researchers have been investigating alternative com puting techniques”, the underlined phrase-&stave off’ meansA.give way toB.keep offC.reduceD.solve 解决参考答案:D67.Which of the following lists all the fundamental computing performance bottlenecks?A.Hardware and software designs and leakage.B.Tremendous heat dissipation and hardware and software designs.C.Tremendous heat dissipation and thermal noise.1D.Tremendous heat dissipation, thermal noise and leakage.参考答案:D68.Which of the following statements would the author most probably agree withT^dA.Clock speed needs to be reduced to improve the energy efficiency of computing systems.B.A future where systems based on reversible chips become necessary is out of reach.C.Frank’s power supply sparks circuit nodes, to new levels,D.Knight persisted in adiabatic systems, knowing the technology would be, important soon.参考答案:A69.Which of the following statements supports the idea that “the energy consumption of laptops remains the same”?A.Do not confuse adiabatic methods with today’s power-saying features on laptops.B.The computations of laptops may consume less power, but take twice as long to complete.完成C.Overall energy of laptops is conserved since much of the time they are not running.ptops run the idle loop fast, thus laptops might conserve power.参考答案:B610.It can be implied from the passage that______.A.adiabatic systems are more necessary for general-purpose applicationsB.a future where reversible systems become necessary is inevitableC.reversible chips will not be more efficient for practical applications even if optimizedD.Knight is not in favor of adiabatic research参考答案:BUnti 771.In the sentence “As the enterprise considers VoIP and more significantly VoIP over Wi-Fi, the decision to implement location-aware technology will become amatter of legal compliance”, the underlined word “compliance” means _____.A.flexibilitymand 命令C.issueD.assent参考答案:B72.When a caller dials 911, a selective router switch within the phone network sends the call to a local ______A.base stationB.PSAP 公共安全应答站C.access pointD.PSTN参考答案:B73.What is the percentage of people in the U.S. who will get E911 service?A.About 93 percent.B.About 95 percent.C.About 88 percent. 88D.About 79 percent.参考答案:C74.Wireless technologies and VoIP present unique problems for E911 because__________.A.VoIP phone users are usually able to roam in a large areaB.VoIP phones only use base stations to connect to the InternetC.VoIP phones can only work across Wi-Fi networkD.VoIP phones’ area codes are tied to its’ geographic location参考答案:A75.Which of the following is included in the deployment of 911 across cellular networks?A.Phase 0 ensures that E911 calls will get through to a PSAP.B.Phase 1 specifies that VoIP 911 calls will be routed to the local PSAP.C.Phase 2 will bring full E911 services to VoIP across the PSTN.D.Phase 3 will deliver E911 over IP to devices without telephone numbers.参考答案:A76.In the sentence “It could then offset those costs by passing them on to the application service provider, which could in turn charge the end user”, the underlined word “offset” means_______.A.counteractB.softenC.decreaseD.slash参考答案:A77.Which of the following is the advantage of A-GPS over GPS?A.The search time is reduced by 10 to 12 seconds.B.It takes several minutes to get the location information.C.It saves precious battery life for mobile phone users.D.It works equally well both inside and outside buildings.参考答案:C78.Wi-Fi uses_________.A.licensed bandsB.unlicensed bandsC.free bandsD.limited bands参考答案:B79.Which of the following is the function of triangulation?A.To measure the returning signal’s attenuation.B.To emit test signals into the environment.C.To compare multiple signal strengths.D.To account for multiple propagation.参考答案:C710.Which of the following examples shows that location-aware presence improves Wi-Fi security?A.It can locate interlopers penetrating the defenses of the Wi-Fi network.B.Within the Wi-Fi environment, consumers can be directed to restaurants.C.Shipping companies can now track the movement of their vans.D.In hospitals doctors and medical equipment can be quickly located.参考答案:A完形填空Unit 41. A.profits B. handicaps C. benefits促进 D. hindrances2. A. while B. when C. however D. though3. A. everywhere B. anywhere C. however D. though4. A. on B. with C. by D. over5. A. accede B. accelerate促进 C. access D. accept6. A. exceeds超越 B. precedes C. antecedes D. cedes7. A. decline B. arise C. grow种植 D. descend8. A. converting B. converging合并 C. convecting D. convolving9. A. interact B. interaction C. interacting D. interactive互动的10. A. coupling B. couple C. coupled连结的 D. being coupled11. A. potential潜能B. latency C. efficiency D. specialty12. A. but B. however C. therefore D. hence13. A. That B. It C. Which D. What14. A. constitutes构成B. consists C. comprises D. contains15. A. minimum最低限度的B. maximum C. medium D. average16. A. upon B. for C. against反对 D. beneath17. A. nevertheless B. though C. even平的 D. nonetheless18. A. approach B. access接入C. avail D. admission19. A. uncertainty不确定的B. probability C. certainty D. likelihood20. A. survive B. evolve使发展 C. revolve D. extendUnit61. A. on B. to C. for D. at2. A. award B. reward C. awards D. rewards报酬3. A. though B. so C. if D. worse4. A. punishment惩罚B. punish C. information D. judge5. A. detects B. detected C. is detected D. be detected6. A. punished B. unpunished C. punishing D.unpunishing7. A. say B. note记事本 C. understand D. calculate8. A. by accident偶然地B.by instinct C. by intention D. by all accounts9. A. proof B. evidence C. examine D. inspections检查10.A. surrenders B. reasons C. victims受害者D. causes11.A. having to stay B. having stayed C. staying D. of having to stay12.A. cleared B. revealed显示 C. victims D. causes13.A. lying B. untruthful C. dishonest不诚实的D. unhonest14.A. Unlike B. Like C. With D. For15.A. take B. commit犯罪 C. submit D. perform16.A. be charged B. charged C. charge D. charging17.A. depend B. command C. recommend D. demands18.A. exist B. result C. obtain D. gain19.A. hesitate犹豫 B. refuse C. stop D. lost20.A. confident B. private C. confidential机密的D. valuable句子翻译Unit 11.The essence of a game is the interdependence of player strategies.There are two distinct types of strategic interdependence:sequential and simultaneous.博弈的实质是博弈者采取策略之间的相互依赖性。
科技英语综合复习资料

科技英语综合复习资料考试题型:1. 阅读理解,占40分;2. 选择题,20分;3. 完形填空20分;4. 翻译,20分。
Part I Reading ComprehensionDirections:There are twelve passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.Passage OneIf you have a credit card, you can buy a car, eat a dinner, take a trip, and even get a haircut by charging the cost to your account. In this way you can pay for purchases a month or two later, without any extra charge. Or you may choose to spread out your payments over several months and pay only part of the total amount each month. If you do this, the credit card company or the bank who sponsors the credit card will add a small service charge to your total bill. This is very convenient for the customer. With the credit card in your wallet or purse, you don’t have to carry much cash. This saves your trips to the bank to cash checks or withdraw cash. Also, if you carry credit cards instead of a lot of cash, you don’t have to be concerned about losing your money through carelessness or theft. The card user only has to worry about paying the final bill. This of course can be a problem if you charge more than you can pay for.Credit cards are a big business. Americans spend $16 billion a year on cards and there are already 590 million of them in circulation. Many banks sponsor their own credit companies and issue cards free to their customers. Other credit companies charge their members annual dues. The stores that accept credit cards must pay a small fee to the credit card company — a percentage of purchase price of the merchandise or service. In return, the credit card company promptly pays the store for the merchandise or service. Credit card companies make a profit from the fees they charge the store and also from the fees collected from customers who pay for their charges in monthly installments.However, credit card companies sometimes have problems collecting overdue payments from unreliable customers. Also, the use of stolen, lost, or counterfeit credit cards by criminals has become a big headache for the credit card company that is responsible for the goods and services illegally charged to its customers’ account.Yet, in many ways, the big loser in the credit card system is not the credit card company, the store, or the card user, but rather the general customer. The store makes up for the fees it pays to the credit card company by increasing prices for goods and services. Stores may have more sales if they accept cards, but the added cost to the store when credit cards are accepted instead of cash, is actually passed on to all customers in higher prices. In this way the cash customer suffers for the convenience the credit card customer enjoys.Many feel that it will only be a matter of time before credit cards completely replace cash and checks for both individuals and businesses. In such a credit card economy there would be only one ―super-credit-card-bank-company‖ and each individual would be given his or her card. Each person’s Social Security number would be used as the card number. Firms would use their Federal Identification number. Thus, every individual would be able to pay for everything by credit card —newspapers, cab fares, donations, tools, theater admissions, tuition, children’s allowances, everything. All salary payments would be credited to each individual’s account with the ―super-credit-card-bank-company‖ which would pay one’s bills, deduct state and federal taxes, and deposit what’s left —if anything —into a savings account. Just think of the convenience of getting rid of cash and checks and even eliminating loose change. No need, then, to worry as before, when you wanted to buy a newspaper and you only had a $20 bill.However, with a complete credit card economy, there would still be the problem of thefts of cards, forging of card and lost cards, so the credit card is really not that practical. Something else is needed that is small, always with us, cannot be forged, and easily identifies our account. The answer is your thumbprint; everyone’s thumbprint would be recorded with his or her Social Security number.1. The first paragraph mainly tells us ______.A. how the credit card company worksB. how the credit card company pays the bankC. the advantages of the credit cardD. the disadvantages of the credit card2. According to Paragraph 1, if you have a credit card, you will have to pay a small service charge to ______.A. the credit card companyB. the store where you purchase goodsC. the bank where you deposit moneyD. other customers3. From Paragraph 3 we know that the big loser in the credit card system is ______.A. the general customerB. the storeC. the card userD. the credit card company4. The author thinks that credit cards ______.A. will completely disappear in the futureB. will completely replace cash and checks for both individuals and businesses quicklyC. will completely replace cash and checks for both individuals and businesses sooner or laterD. will not replace cash and checks because there is a matter of time5. From the author’s point of view, the credit card is ______.A. perfect and practicalB. not easily forgedC. still faced with some problems and not so practicalD. more practical than one’s thumbprintPassage TwoSome people argue that the pressure on international sportsmen and sports women kill the essence of sports -- the pursuit of personal excellence. Children kick a football around for fun. When they get older and play for local school teams, they become competitive but they still enjoy playing. The individual representing his country cannot afford to think about enjoying himself; he has to think only about winning. He is responsible for an entire nation's hopes, dream and reputation. A good example is the football World Cup. Football is the world's most important sport. It is even more important now that the United States is seriously taking it up. Winning the World Cup is perhaps the summit of international sporting success. Mention "Argentina‖ to someone and the chances are that he'll think of football. In a sense, winning the World Cup "put Argentina on the map".Sports fans and supporters get quite irrational about the World Cup. People in England felt that their country was somehow important after they won in 1966. Last year thousands of Scots sold their cars, and even their houses, and spent all their money traveling to Argentina, where the finals were played.So, am I arguing that international competition kills the idea of sport? Certainly not! Do the Argentinians really believe that because eleven of their men proved the most skillful at football, their nation is in every sense better than all others? Not really. But it's nice to know that you won, and that in one way at least your country is best.1. What’s the author’s main purpose in the passage ?A) To prove that football is the world's most important sport.B) To show that Argentina is better than all others.C) To compare Scotland with Argentina.D) To explain the role of sport.2. In the second paragraph, the word ―summit‖ means ______.A) highest point B) mountain topC) award D) summary3. According to the passage, Argentina is world-famous because of its ______.A) large number of sports fans and supportersB) success in the football World CupC) obvious position on the mapD) excellence at all important sports4. According to the passage, if a sportsman only thinks about winning, he will ______.A) fail to succeed B) be successfulC) lose enjoyment D) be irrational5. What is the author's attitude towards international games?A) Nations that meet on a football field are unlikely to meet on a battlefield.B) Nations that won football World Cup are regarded best in all aspects.C) Nations that win in international games prove best on the sports field at least.D) Nations that give much attention to international competitions are world-famous in many ways.Passage ThreeAs evidence that the earth’s atmosphere is warming continues to accumulate, scientists are making slow progress toward an answer to the big question raised by the evidence: How much of the warming is due to human activity and how much to natural causes?The UN Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, the group of scientists widely considered the most authoritative voice on the subject, has already concluded that there is a ―discernible human influence‖ on the global climate. Now the panel is deep into another of its periodic full-scale scientific assessments of global climate change.Some experts on the problem say the human imprint on climate is becoming clearer, and may even have been the dominant factor in the global warming of recent decades. Not everyone agrees and virtually all experts say that in any case, a reliable estimate of the human imprint’s magnitude still remains some distance off.A number of influences, both natural and man-made, cause the planet’s temperature to vary. The natural ones include changes in solar radiation, and sulfate droplets called aerosols cast aloft by erupting volcanoes, which cool the atmosphere by reflecting sunlight.The human influence stems mostly from emissions of waste industrial gases like carbon dioxide, which trap heat in the atmosphere, and sulfate aerosols from industrial smokestacks.Human factors appeared to be playing a part, but no judgment has been made on whether that part was big, small or in between.One recent piece of evidence suggesting a strong human influence, which seems like to carry some weight with the intergovernmental panel, appeared recently in the journal Nature. Scientists analyzed the global climate record of the last century in an effort to isolate and quantify the major factors producing the century’s rise of about 1 degree Fahrenheit in t he Earth’s average surface temperature.The research team found that in the earlier part of the century, the rise could be explained either by an increase in solar radiation or a combination of stronger solar radiation and heat-trapping greenhouse gases emitted by industrial economies. But they found that after the mid-1970s, when abo ut half the century’s warming took place, that warming resulted largely from the greenhouse gases. Other researchers have lately come to a similar conclusion.―The study represents another jigsaw puzzle piece,‖ said one expert. ―There is still a long way to go in completing the puzzle,‖ he said, ―but we are beginning to see the smile on the face of the Mona Lisa, I think—or perhaps it should be a frown.‖Meanwhile, though, evidence of warming and its effects continues to mount. Earlier this year, scientists at the University of Massachusetts and the University of Arizona reconstructed the average annual surface temperature trend of the Northern Hemisphere for the last 1000 years. While cautioning that margin of error was large enough for render data from the early centuries untrustworthy, they found that 20th century was the warmest of the millennium.This and other analyses have found that the warmest years of all occurred in the 1990s, with 1998 the warmest on record. El Nino, the great pool of warm water in the tropical Pacific Ocean that from time to time heats the atmosphere and disrupts weather patterns, was responsible for some of the 1998 heating. An analysis, however, has shown that when El Nino’s effects are filtered out of the global temperature record statistically, 1998 still ranks as the warmest year.Two studies reported in Nature last month suggest that the warming is being reflected in patterns of wildlife behavior and distribution. In one study, 13 scientists analyzed distribution patterns of 35 species, their range of habitat had shifted northward by 35 to 240 kilometers coincidentally with Europe’s warming trend.In the other study, some British scientists analyzed the nesting habits of 20 species of birds in Britain. They found that, again coincident with a recent warming trend, the birds were laying their eggs earlier in the spring. This is the latest in a series of studies indicating that meteorological spring is coming earlier in the Northern Hemisphere[5]. Some have also shownthat fall is coming later.A third study in Nature reported, on the basis of bubbles of atmospheric gas contained in ice cores extracted from the Antarctic ice sheet, that present-day atmospheric levels of heating-trapping carbon dioxide were higher than at any other time in the last 420000 years. At 360 parts per million, they are 20 percent higher than in any previous warm period between ice ages and double the typical concentrations during an ice age.1. The earth’s atmosphere is warming, ______.A. mainly because of human factorB. mainly because of natural causesC. the reason of which is completely unknownD. which is being studied by scientists2. Maybe sulfate aerosols are all caused by ______.A. erupting volcanoesB. industrial smokestacksC. both A and BD. none of the above3. Which of the following is TRUE?A. About half of the 20th century’s rise in average global climate resulted mostly from the greenhouse gases.B. Half of the 20th century warming took place in the last thirty years.C. The 20th century is the warmest in the last one thousand years.D. All of the above.4. The global climate rise in the earlier part of the 20th century is due to ______.A. an increase in solar radiation onlyB. greenhouse gasesC. eruption of volcanoesD. either an increase in solar radiation or a combination of stronger solar radiation and greenhouse effect5. According to the study of bubbles of atmospheric gas contained in ice cores extracted from the Antarctic ice sheet, we can infer that ______.A. present-day climate is the warmest in historyB. present-day climate is 20 percent hotter than that of the last 420 000 yearsC. present-day climate is twice hotter than that of an ice ageD. in 1998 the carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere are the highest on recordPassage FourThe current energy security system was created in response to the 1973 Arab oil embargo to ensure coordination among the industrialized countries in the event of a disruption in supply, encourage collaboration on energy policies, and deter any future use of an ―oil weapon‖ by exporters. Its key elements are the Paris-based International Energy Agency (IEA), whose members are the industrialized countries; strategic stockpiles of oil, including the U.S. Strategic Petroleum Reserves; continued monitoring and analysis of energy markets and policies; and energy conservation and coordinated emergency sharing of supplies in the event of a disruption. The emergency system was set up to offset major disruptions that threatened the global economy and stability, not to manage prices and the commodity cycle. Since the system’s inception in the 1970s, a coordinated emergency drawdown of strategic stockpiles has occurred only twice: on the eve of the Gulf War in 1991 and in the autumn of 2005 after Hurricane Katrina.Experience has shown that to maintain energy security countries must abide by several principles. The first and most familiar is what Churchill urged more than 90 years ago: diversification of supply. Multiplying one’s supply sources reduces the impact of a disruption in supply from one source by providing alternatives, serving the interests of both consumers and producers, for whom stable markets are a prime concern. But diversification is not enough. A second principle is resilience, a ―security margin‖ in the energy supply system that provides a buffer against shocks and facilitates recovery after disruptions. Resilience can come from many factors, including sufficient spare production capacity, strategic reserves, backup supplies ofequipment, adequate storage capacity along the supply chain, and the stockpiling of critical parts for electric power production and distribution, as well as carefully conceived plans for responding to disruptions that may affect large regions. Hence the third principle: recognizing the reality of integration. There is only one oil market, a complex and worldwide system that moves and consumes about 86 million barrels of oil every day. For all consumers, security resides in the stability of this market. Secession is not an option.A fourth principle is the importance of information. High-quality information underpins well-functioning markets. On an international level, the IEA has led the way in improving the flow of information about world markets and energy prospects. That work is being complemented by the new International Energy Forum, which will seek to integrate information from producers and consumers. Information is no less crucial in a crisis, when consumer panics can be instigated by a mixture of actual disruptions, rumors, and fear. In such situations, governments and the private sector should collaborate to counter panics with high-quality, timely information.As important as these principles are, the past several years have highlighted the need to expand the concept of energy security in two critical dimensions: the recognition of globalization of the energy security system, which can be achieved especially by engaging China and India, and the acknowledgement of the fact that the entire energy supply chain needs to be protected.1. The energy security system was established for the following long-term purpose EXCEPT ______.A. protecting profits of industrialized countries during Arab oil embargoB. making effective coordination among those industrialized countriesC. promoting cooperation in making policies about energyD. preventing oil exporters from using oil as a weapon against other countries2. Which of the following statements about International Energy Agency is NOT true?A. Its headquarter is located in Paris.B. Its members include developed and developing countries.C. It monitors and analyzes the energy market and policies.D. It makes great efforts to save energy and deal with oil disruption.3. The first and foremost thing that both consumers and producers are concerned about is ______.A. various supply sourcesB. stable energy marketsC. the largest profitsD. reasonable prices4. Integration, the third principle to maintain energy security, means to ______.A. recognize the reality of energy shortageB. guarantee the stability of energy marketC. realize the unity of the worldwide marketD. protect one’s independent interests5. The main purpose of this passage is to ______.A. convince readers that energy security is importantB. introduce the major energy organizations of U.S.C. inform readers what the energy security system is likeD. present principles for ensuring energy securityPassage FiveNormally a student must attend a certain number of courses in order to graduate, and each course which he attends gives him a credit which he may count towards a degree. In many American universities the total work for a degree consists of thirty-six courses each lasting for one semester. A typical course consists of three classes per week for fifteen weeks; while attending a university a student will probably attend four or five courses during each semester. Normally a student would expect to take four years attending two semesters each year. It is possible to spread the period of work for the degree over a longer period. It is also possible for a student to move between one university and another during his degree course, thoughthis is not in fact done as a regular practice.For every course that he follows a student is given a grade, which is recorded, and the record is available for the student to show to prospective employers. All this imposes a constant pressure and strain of work, but in spite of this some students still find time for great activity in student affairs. Elections to positions in student organizations arouse much enthusiasm. The effective work of maintaining discipline is usually performed by students who advise the academic authorities. Any student who is thought to have broken the rules, for example, by cheating has to appear before a student court. With the enormous numbers of students, the operation of the system does involve a certain amount of activity. A student who has held one of these positions of authority is much respected and it will be of benefit to him later in his career.The Internet seems to have just arrived, so how can we possibly imagine what will replace it? In truth, early versions of the Net have been around since the 1960s and 70s, but only after the mid-1990s did it begin to have a serious public impact. Since 1994, the population of users has grown from about 13 million to more than 300 million around the world.What will the Internet be like 20 years from now?Like the rest of infrastructure, the Internet will eventually seem to disappear by becoming widespread. Most access will probably be via high-speed, low-power radio links. Most handheld, fixed and mobile appliances will be Internet enabled. This trend is already discernible in the form of Internet-enabled cell phones and personal digital assistants. Like the servants of centuries past, our household helpers will chatter with one another and with the outside help.So many appliances, vehicles and buildings will be online by 2020 that it seems likely there will be more things on the Internet than people. Internet-enabled cars and airplanes are coming online, and smart houses are being built every day. Eventually, programmable devices will become so cheap that we will embed them in the cardboard boxes into which we put other things for storage or shipping. These passive ―computers‖ will be activated as they pass sensors and will be able to bo th emit and absorb information. Such innovations will facilitate increasingly automatic manufacturing, inventory control, shipping and distribution. Checkout at the grocery store will be fully automatic, as will payment via your digital wallet.The advent of programmable, mini-scale machines will extend the Internet to things with the size of molecules that can be injected under the skin, leading to Internet-enabled people. Such devices, together with Internet-enabled sensors embedded in clothing, will avoid a hospital stay for medical patients who would otherwise be there only for observation. The speech processor used today in cochlear implants for the hearing impaired could easily be connected to the Internet; listening to Internet radio could soon be a direct computer-to-brain experience!The Internet will undergo substantial alteration as optical technologies allow the transmission of many trillions of bits per second on each Internet’s fiber-optic backbone network. The core of the network will remain optical, and the edges will use a mix of access technologies, ranging from radio and infrared to optical fiber and the old twisted-pair copper telephone lines.By then, the Internet will have been extended, by means of an interplanetary Internet backbone, to operate in outer space.How will this pervasive Internet access affect our daily lives? More and more of the world’s inform ation will be accessible instantly and from virtually anywhere. In an emergency, our health records will be available for remote medical consultation with specialists and perhaps even remote surgery. More and more devices will have access to the global positioning system, increasing the value of geographically indexed databases. Using GPS with speech-understanding software that is emerging today, we will be able to get directions from our Internet as easily as we once got them at a filling station.Is there any downside to a society suffused with information and the tools to process it?Privacy will come at a premium. Enormous quantities of data about our daily affairs will flow across the Internet, working to make our lives easier. Despite our preference for giving up privacy in exchange for convenience, our experiences online may make us yearn for the anonymity of the past. Who should have access to our medical records and our financial information, and how will that access be controlled? Will we be able to search and use the vast information stored online without leaving trails across the Net? How will business transactions be taxed, and in what jurisdictions will disputed electronic transactions be resolved? How will intellectual property be protected? How will we prove that contracts were signed on a certain date, or that their terms and conditions have not been electronically altered? There are technical answers for many of these questions, but some will require international agreements before they can be resolved.Perhaps even more daunting, in the face of Internet-wide virus attacks, is the realization that we will depend in larger and larger measure on the network’s functioning reliably. Making this system of millions of networks robust is a challe nge for the present generation of Internet engineers. But I am an optimist and believe we are going to live in a world abundantwith information and with the tools needed to use it wisely.1. The main idea the author tries to convey is that ______.A. the Internet has already arrivedB. the Internet began to have a serious impact in 1990sC. the Internet is getting more and more popularD. the Internet is developing fast ever since its appearance2. The Internet might seem to disappear because most access to the Internet is probably realized by ______.A. high-speed, low-power radio linksB. handheld mobile appliancesC. internet-enabled cell phonesD. personal digital assistants3. The Internet will have a significant change thanks to optical technology, which ______.A. will make the Internet access more flexibleB. will make the Internet transmission more rapidlyC. will make the Internet communication more convenientD. will make the Internet more useful in our life4. The primary concern of online experience is ______.A. privacyB. convenienceC. pricingD. conflict5. The author’s attitude toward the future of the Internet is ______.A. doubtfulB. cheerfulC. biasedD. depressedPassage SixI spent some of the most exciting days of my life wor king on the eastern shores of Kenya’s Lake Turkana, searching for the fossilized remains of our early ancestors. We did not always find what we wanted, but every day there was much more to discover than the traces of our own predecessors. The fossils, some quite complete, others mere fragments, spoke of another world in which the ancestors of many of today’s African mammals roamed in the rich grassland and forest fringes between 1.5 million and 2 million years ago. The environment was not too different from the wetter grasslands of Africa today, but it was full of amazing animals that are now long extinct.One in particular I would have loved to see alive was a short-necked giraffe relative that had huge ―antlers‖, some with a span across the horns of close to almost 3 meters. There were buffalo-size antelopes with massive curving horns, carnivores that must have looked like saber-toothed lions, two distinct species of hippo and at least two types of elephants. We may never know the full extent of this incredible mammalian diversity, but there were probably more than twice as many species a million years ago as there are today.That was true not just for Africa. The fossil record tells the same story everywhere. Most of life’s experiments have ended in extinction. It is estimated that more than 95% of the species that have existed over the past 600 million years are gone.So, should we be concerned about the current spasm of extinction, which has been accelerated by the inexorable expansion of agriculture and industry? Is it necessary to try to slow down a process that has been going on forever?I believe it is. We know that the well-being of human race is tied to the well-being of many other species, and we can’t be sure which species are most important to our own survival.But dealing with the extinction crisis is no simple matter, since much of the world’s biodiversity resides in its poorest nations, especially in Asia, Africa and Latin America. Can such countries justify setting aside national parks and nature reserves where human encroachment and even access is forbidden? Is it legitimate to spend large sums of money to save。
科技英语试题及答案

科技英语试题及答案一、选择题(每题2分,共20分)1. The term "nanotechnology" refers to the manipulation of matter on an atomic, molecular, and supramolecular scale.A. TrueB. False2. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of renewable energy sources?A. Infinite in supplyB. Environmentally friendlyC. Dependent on weather conditionsD. Non-renewable3. The process of converting solar energy into electrical energy is known as:A. SolarizationB. Photovoltaic effectC. Solar distillationD. Thermal radiation4. In the context of computer science, what does "AI" stand for?A. Artificial IntelligenceB. Advanced InterfaceC. Automated InputD. Application Interface5. The term "genome" is associated with:A. The complete set of genes in an organismB. The structure of a cellC. The study of geneticsD. The process of cell division6. What is the primary function of a transistor in an electronic circuit?A. To amplify signalsB. To store dataC. To convert light into electricityD. To filter signals7. The "Internet of Things" (IoT) refers to:A. A network of interconnected devicesB. The global network of computersC. A collection of internet protocolsD. The study of internet security8. Which of the following is a type of biotechnology?A. Genetic engineeringB. Quantum computingC. NanolithographyD. Nuclear fusion9. The "Greenhouse Effect" is related to:A. The warming of the Earth's surfaceB. The cooling of the Earth's surfaceC. The process of photosynthesisD. The formation of the ozone layer10. What does "CRISPR" stand for in the field of molecular biology?A. Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic RepeatsB. Computer-Aided Research in Scientific ProjectsC. Comprehensive Research in Innovative ScienceD. Computational Research in Systematic Processes二、填空题(每题1分,共10分)1. The unit of electrical resistance is the ______.2. The process of converting sound waves into electrical signals is known as ______.3. In physics, the term "entropy" is used to describe the level of ______ in a system.4. The study of the chemical composition of planets is known as ______.5. The term "cybersecurity" refers to the protection of______ from cyber threats.6. The process of converting electrical energy into light is known as ______.7. The smallest unit of life that can replicate itself is called a ______.8. The process of creating new substances from existing ones is known as ______.9. The study of the structure and function of cells is known as ______.10. The process of converting light energy into chemical energy is known as ______.三、简答题(每题5分,共30分)1. Explain the concept of "machine learning" in artificialintelligence.2. Describe the role of a semiconductor in modern electronics.3. What is the significance of biodiversity in the context of environmental science?4. Discuss the potential impact of nanotechnology on medicine.四、论述题(共40分)1. Discuss the ethical considerations involved in the development and use of genetic engineering technologies. (20分)2. Analyze the potential benefits and challenges of implementing a global Internet of Things (IoT) network. (20分)答案:一、选择题1. A2. D3. B4. A5. A6. A7. A8. A9. A10. A二、填空题1. ohm2. transduction3. disorder4. cosmochemistry5. information systems6. electroluminescence7. cell8. synthesis9. cytology10. photosynthesis三、简答题1. Machine learning is a subset of artificial intelligence that enables computers to learn from and make decisions based on data, improving at tasks over time through experience without being explicitly programmed.2. Semiconductors are materials with electrical conductivity between that of a conductor and an insulator. They arecrucial in electronic devices like transistors and diodes, allowing for the control of electrical current and the amplification of signals.3. Biodiversity is significant in environmental science as it ensures the stability of ecosystems, supports ecological processes, and provides a variety of services and resources that are vital for human survival and well-being.4. Nanotechnology has the potential to。
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C/E Translation:
1、有待于证明(show)这个方程(equation)在此是否成立
(hold)。
2、这两个数(number)按什么顺序(order)加(add)起来
是没有关系的。
3、现有的窗户(window)均承受(withstand)不了这么大
的力(force)。
4、有证据表明每样东西都受地球(earth)的吸引(attract)。
5、图1-5画出了输入随输出的变化(variation)情况。
6、本书所讲的内容非常有用。
7、这篇论文(paper)值得(worth)一读。
8、温度计(thermometer)不能指示出(indicate)液体(liquid)
中存在的热量(the amount of heat)。
9、磁铁(magnet)能吸引(attract)铁质材料(iron material),
这一性质(property)称为磁性(magnetism)。
10、这个电路(circuit)与那个电路相比有许多优点(advantage)。
11、电容(capacitance)越大,其储存(store)的电荷(charge)
就越多。
12、这个电阻(resistor)上的电流(electric current)为零点
零零几安培(ampere)。
13、这些因素(factor)确定了(determine)电容器(capacitor)
储存电荷的能力(ability)。
14、构成水的元素(element)是氢(hydrogen)和氧(oxygen)。
15、必须利用这个式子来求出(find out)该物体运动(move)
的距离(distance)。
16、电流等于电压(voltage)除(divide)以电阻(resistance)。
17、这种(kind)特殊的(special)电子设备(electronic device)
是那个厂(factory)制造(make)的。
18、导体(conductor)对电子(electron)的流动所提供(offer)
的阻力(opposition)就是我们所说的电阻(resistance)。
19、他们不知道这个电流到底朝哪个方向(direction)流动。
20、弹性(elasticity)是物体在形变(deform)后恢复(return)
到其原状(original state)的趋势(tendency)。
21、我们只需要测量(measure)该电容器(capacitor)上的
电压(voltage)。
22、物体(body)运动(move)的方向(direction)也是很
重要的。
23、这个电流流过的电阻(resistance)是很小的。
24、我们必须确定(determine)为提起(lift)这块石头(stone)
需要(require)多大的力(force)。
25、电阻越大,电容器(capacitor)达到(reach)其最大
(maximum)电压(voltage)所需的时间越长。
26、现在出现(arise)了这么个问题(question):这规则(rule)
是否(whether)适合于(be suitable for)解(solve)非线性方程(non-linear equation)呢?
27、使自行车(bike)成为今天(today)这个样子花(take)
了很长的时间。
28、这是一个以原点(origin)为圆心(center)的圆(circle)。
29、能量(energy)被定义(define)为物体做功(work)的
能力(ability)。
30、有人建议(suggest)在太空(space)制造药物(drug)。
Key to the problems for the terminal review:
1.It remains to be shown whether this equation holds here.
2.It does not matter in what order these two numbers are
added.
3.No [None of the] windows available can withstand so large
a force.
4.There is evidence that everything is attracted by the earth.
5.Fig. ! – 5 shows the variation of output with input.
6.What this book describes is of great use.
7.This paper is worth reading.
8. A thermometer cannot indicate the amount of heat there is in
a liquid.
9. A magnet attracts iron materials, a property referred to as
magnetism.
10.This circuit has many advantages over that one.
11.The larger the capacitance, the more charge it stores.
12.The current through this resistor is a few thousandths of an
ampere.
13.These factors determine the ability of a capacitor to store
charge.
14.The elements of which water consists [is made up] are
hydrogen and oxygen.
15.It is necessary to use this equation to find out the distance
the body moves.
16.An electric current is equal to voltage divided by resistance.
17.This special kind of electronic device was made by that
factory.
18.The opposition that a conductor offers to the flow of
electrons is what we call resistance.
19.They don’t know in which direction it is that this current
flows.
20.Elasticity is the tendency of a body to return to its original
state after being deformed.
21.All we need do is measure the voltage across the capacitor.
22.The direction a body moves is also very important.
23.The resistance through which the current flows is very
small.
24.It is necessary for us to determine how large a force is
required to lift this stone.
25.The greater the resistance, the longer (time) it takes for the
capacitor to reach its maximum voltage.
26.The question now arises whether this rule is suitable for
solving [the solution of ] non-linear equations.
27.It took a very long time for the bike to become [to make the
bike] what it is today.
28.This is a circle with the origin as its center.
29.Energy is defined as the ability of a body to do work.
30.It is suggested that drugs be made in space.。