《名校入学考》河南省郑州市第一中学2019-2020学年高二上学期入学测试历史试题(pdf版)
21届高二上期入学测试历史试卷说明:1.本试卷分第Ⅰ卷(选择题)和第Ⅱ卷(非选择题)满分100分,考试时间90分钟。
2.将第Ⅰ卷的答案代表字母填(涂)在第Ⅱ卷的答题表(答题卡)中。
第Ⅰ卷(选择题,共60分)一、选择题:本题共40小题,每小题1.5分,共60分。
1.龙被中原先民视作神灵,“凤鸟”则是楚地的图腾。
在屈原的楚辞中出现“龙”20多次,频率高于凤;《离骚》文中历述尧舜禹汤、夏桀商纣等华夏人物,无一楚人。
这说明()A.战国时期南北文化的融合B.南方蛮夷被中原政权征服C.多民族统一在炎黄旗帜下D.楚国艺术的夸张奇特想象2.春秋后期,礼乐制度崩坏,太史乐官流散,典籍落入民间,士子国人,初则竞相传诵,转而各家自立说。
据此可知,百家争鸣出现的原因是()A.铁犁牛耕的使用B.周王室衰微C.文化扩散和教育下移D.礼乐制度被破坏3.“《礼》者,法之大分,类之纲纪也……隆礼至法则国有常,尚贤使能则民知方……”“君人者隆礼尊贤而王,重法爱民而霸……”。
材料反映了该学派()A.主张严刑峻法B.认为道德与法律界限分明C.主张礼法并用D.认为法律须以刑罚为基础4.“衣食者,人之生利也,然且犹尚有节”。
“列德而尚贤,虽在农与工肆之人,有能择举之”。
“上欲中圣王之道,下欲中国家百姓之利,故当若节丧之为政,而不可不察此者也。
”以上思想反映的诉求应属战国时期()A.贵族阶层B.地主阶级C.游士阶层D.小生产者5.《孟子·滕文公下》:“居天下之广居,立天下之正位,行天下之大道。
得志,与民由之;不得志,独行其道。
富贵不能淫,贫贱不能移,威武不能屈。
”对材料理解最准确的是()A.主张遵守“义”,自律自制B.反映了春秋时期礼崩乐坏的局面C.阐明了儒家思想的义利观念D.体现了孟子“人性本善”的主张6.秦汉时期,秦始皇实行焚书坑儒,汉高祖、汉文帝推崇道家无为而治,到汉武帝时期“尊儒”且“尚法”。
这反映出()A.思想价值取决于形势需要B.君主专制影响了学术走向C.经济发展推动了思想演变D.汉承秦制的说法有待商榷7.春秋战国时期,法家打破了原来“形不可知,则威不可测”的传统,提出了“法不阿贵”“刑无等级”的执法原则,且要求吏民共同守法。
由此可知,当时法家()A.代表了广大下层民众要求B.具有建立社会新秩序构想C.吸收了儒家的“民本”思想D.要求实现国家政治的统一8.《墨子》中有关于“圆”“直线”“正方形”“倍”的定义,对杠杆原理、声音传播、小孔成像等也有论述,还有机械制造方面的记载。
这反映出,《墨子》()A.汇集了诸子百家的思想精华B.形成了完整的科学体系C.包含了劳动人民智慧的结晶D.体现了贵族阶层的旨趣9.“灾异示警”是中国古代神学政治理论的核心主张,也是中国古代言谏制度的精神支柱;它与“君权神授”共同构成古代天命哲学的基础,为统治阶级所接受,代代相传而深入人心。
这表明()A.君主专制催生了“君权神授”思想B.“灾异示警”有效制约了君主集权C.言谏制度源于原始宗教迷信思想D.统治者借神学思想稳定政治秩序10.在中国古代,儒学只是把道德作为一种现成的、肯定的价值与行为,缺乏对道德是“天经地义的终极真理”的论述。
所以,一旦时代变动,其可靠性就会遭到质疑。
能弥补这一缺陷的是()A.荀子以法律强化道德的约束力B.董仲舒将德治与大一统相结合C.理学使道德上升到天理的高度D.明清之际强调道德的实用价值11.宋明时期家具的设计开始从隋唐的张扬壮美,逐步走向内敛简约,严谨优美,追求秩序和法度,追求家具的使用功能和美感。
这折射出宋明时期()A.君主专制空前加强B.受经世致用观念影响C.商品经济繁荣发展D.理学思想趋向社会化12.唐宪宗曾将法门寺佛骨迎入宫中供养,韩愈认为“佛本夷狄之人,不知君臣之义父子之义”,要求皇帝“以此骨付之有司,投诸水火,永绝根本”;同时他认为道教“老子之所谓道德云者,去仁与义言之也,一人之私言也”。
材料反映了韩愈()A.吸收融合佛教道教思想B.迎合君主专制集权需求C.主张重振儒学正统地位D.论证伦理秩序的合法性13.他,理学的集大成者,还被誉为一代儒学宗师。
在阐述理与气的关系时,他说“先有是理。
然理又非别为一物,印存乎是气之中,无是气,则是理亦无挂搭处……”。
他是()A.董仲舒B.朱熹C.周敦颐D.张载14.刘宗周对王守仁学说有一个十分精练的概括:“先生承绝学于词章训诂之后,一反求诸心,而得其所性之觉,曰良知。
……良知为知,见知不囿于闻见。
致良知为行,见行不滞于方隅。
即知即行,即心即物,即体即用,即工夫即本体,即下即上,无之不一。
”这说明王守仁的心学是()A.背离理学的基本思想B.脱离实际的唯心主义C.维护统治的官方哲学D.知行合一的理论体系15.朱熹在《补〈大学〉格物致知传》中提出:“格物致知,大学之端,始学之事也。
一物格则一知至,其功有渐,积久贯通。
”材料体现了朱熹()A.希望通过实验途径寻求科学真理B.维护封建专制统治和等级制度C.注重社会实践活动和探究的思想D.强调个体的价值和人性的尊严16.许纪霖在《儒家孤魂,肉身何在》中指出,“传统的儒家政治,并非无一可取,在几千年与王权又联合又斗争的历史实践中,积累了丰富的政治智慧……”,下列属于“传统的儒家政治”“与王权又联合又斗争”的史实是()A.董仲舒“罢黜百家,独尊儒术”与“君权神授”B.朱熹“存天理,灭人欲”与“正君心”C.王守仁“致良知”与“知行合一”D.黄宗羲“君与臣共曳木之人”与“公其非是于学校”17.吕思勉认为:“宋学是不适宜于竞争的,而从十一世纪以来,中国的文化却受其指导,那就无怪其要迭遭外侮了。
”作者意在强调()A.理学本身有内省性和收敛性B.理学在宋代成为官方哲学C.理学导致了宋代的内外交困D.理学造成宋代科技的落后18.明末清初,学术界出现一股重证据、讲逻辑的实学思潮。
学者阎若璩运用西方推算日食月食的方法,倒推古代日食月食时分,与《古文尚书》中有关文字对照,从而确证此书为后人伪造。
由此可知,实学思潮()A.注重对经典义理的阐发B.受西学东渐的影响C.是经世致用思想的主流D.推动天文学的发展19.先秦某位思想家谈到人性时指出:“人生而有欲,欲而不得,则不能无求;求而无度量分界,则不能不争;争则乱,乱则穷。
先王恶其乱也,故制礼义以分之。
”该思想家还提倡()A.事异则备变B.无为而治C.仁政D.制天命而用之20.李贽认为“夫童心者,绝假纯真,最初一念之本心也。
若失却童心,便失却真心;失却真心,便失却真人”。
这一观点()A.深受传统礼法束缚B.继承了王阳明的“良知”说C.反对盲目迷信孔子D.否定了“天理”的存在21.中国当代学者陈明2015年在北京创办了原道书院,书院中有对联“尊改良在启蒙救亡外,通经权于即用见体中”。
这体现出书院办学()A.宗旨是实现救亡图存B.目的是恢复传统经权C.原则是追求经世致用D.有利于推动社会改革22.王夫之说:“礼虽纯为天理之节文,而必寓于人欲以见……离欲而别为理,其唯释氏为然,盖庆弃物而废人之大伦矣。
“这一思想在当时()A.抵制了佛教对中国文化的渗透B.彻底否定了朱熹对儒学的改造C.体现了反对君主专制的启蒙性D.适应了工商业经济发展的需要23.关于“封建制”与“郡县制”的争论,秦汉和唐朝是两个高潮,主要是围绕王朝行政体制的优劣主题进行争论。
明末清初,这一争论又出现一次高潮,黄宗羲、顾炎武、颜元等人,力主“复封建”,对有关“封建”问题的讨论,寓以了新的意涵。
“新的意涵”之核心是()A.提倡经世致用B.反对君主专制C.挑战宋明理学D.弘扬唯物思想24.“天地虽大,但有一念向善,心存良知,虽凡夫俗子,皆可为圣贤。
”极力宣扬并践行这一主张的思想家是()A.程颐B.朱熹C.李贽D.王阳明25.苏格拉底认为:“理性不应该首先沉思宇宙和自然的运转,而应该沉思我们的道德观念,从而让自己过更好的、更幸福的生活,知道真正的自我。
”这表明苏格拉底() A.忽视“道德观念”B.强调“认识自我”C.反对“禁欲苦行”D.推崇“理性主义”26.“万物的存在与否,全在于人的感觉,一阵风吹过,有人觉得冷,有人觉得凉爽,难受与惬意,全在于人的感觉。
”提出上述观点的哲学家是()A.苏格拉底B.普罗泰格拉C.泰勒斯D.亚里士多德27.他们在古希腊哲学史上被冠以“感觉主义、个人主义、相对主义、主观唯心主义”的标签。
以下思想中,符合这一群体思想主张的是()A.“美德即知识”B.“人是万物的尺度”C.“我爱我师,我更爱真理”D.“世界的本源是人的理念”28.苏格拉底经常在公共场合与人交谈,通过谈话揭露对方的无知,以此来刺激人的求知欲,因为他的论辩方式,苏格拉底也被看作是智者学派,其实二者有本质区别。
与智者学派相比,苏格拉底()A.适应现实需要追求功利B.研究重心转向人和社会C.强调人的价值和决定作用D.追求知识及人的自我约束29.英国学者罗素认为,在文艺复兴运动中,“否认教会的威信比承认科学的威信开始得要早”,而且反对教会“在人们的心念里和古代文明分不开,仰赖的仍旧是过去,然而是比初期教会与中世纪还渺远的过去”。
据此推断,文艺复兴()A.促进近代自然科学的诞生B.借助古典文化中的人文精神C.以科学作为反教会的武器D.彻底推翻了教会的统治权威30.“在文艺复兴时期的文人中间,完全世俗的、清醒的世界观,相对来说是很少见的……神圣的东西仍是文艺复兴时期雕塑家、建筑师和画家的中心主题。
”这表明文艺复兴时期的文人()A.对现世生活持悲观态度B.仍然受宗教神学的束缚C.以圣神主义为文艺核心D.形成系统条理的世界观31.文艺复兴时期,男女服装普遍使用制作繁琐、绕颈而立的拉夫领。
且男性服装的肩部、胸部、甚至腹部都使用填充物,突显威武、雄伟的特征;而女性服装上身用紧身胸衣,下部穿有宽大裙撑的裙子,突现人体曲线美。
这反映了当时()A.人文主义对服饰的影响B.倡导个性自由解放C.复兴古希腊和罗马文化D.女性地位不断提高32.在宗教改革时期,英国宗教改革家威克里夫把《圣经》译成英语,井主张《圣经》是信仰唯一的根据。
同样,马丁·路德也于1534年译出德文本的《圣经》。
这些做法在当时()A.削弱了基督教在欧洲的影响B.彻底摧毁了罗马教皇的政治权威C.推动了欧洲民主制度的建立D.有助于欧洲近代民族国家的形成33.有学者指出:“17世纪正是自然科学大踏步前进,开始改变人类的认识和思想的时期。
”此时“自然科学大踏步前进”主要归功于()A.新航路的开辟B.文艺复兴运动C.启蒙运动D.工业革命34.15世纪,意人利的剧作家阿尔贝蒂说:“神也和人一样鄙视穷光蛋”,“不要藐视财富,而要防止贪婪。
物质丰富之后,我们就会生活得愉快、自由。
”此观点() A.反映了禁欲主义思想B.表明了反神学的态度C.蕴含了人文主义精神D.批评了拜金主义思想35.加尔文主张废除主教制,代之以共和式的长老制:简化宗教仪式;鼓励经商致富,宣称做官执政、蓄有私产、贷钱取利同担任教士职务一样,均可视为受命于上帝。
【解析】河南省郑州市第一中学2019-2020学年高二上学期入学考试测试语文试题
2019一2020学年高二上学期入学测试语文注意事项:1.答卷前,考生务必将自己的姓名和座位号填写在答题卡上。
2.回答选择题时,选出每小题答案后,用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案标号。
回答非选择题时,将答案写在答题卡上,写在本试卷上无效。
3.考试结束后,将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
一、现代文阅读(一)论述类文本阅读阅读下面的文字,完成下列小题。
各人有各人的境界,没有两个人的境界是完全相同的。
人所有的境界,由低到高可以分为四种:自然境界、功利境界、道德境界、天地境界。
一个人看见一棵树,但不知道那就是树,今天看见一棵树,明天又看见一棵树,看到一千天,他才知道那就是树。
此时,“树”并不是第一千零一棵树,而是树的概念。
如果他进一步了解到什么是概念,而又自觉其了解,他的精神境界就开始进入概念世界了。
有概念而且自觉其有概念,是人之所以高于其他动物者。
一只猫,它知道饿了就吃,累了就睡,看见可怕的东西就跑。
人就不然了。
人不但有概念,而且自觉其有概念。
金岳霖曾说“哲学是概念的游戏”,他用了一个似乎自我解嘲的词。
人们或许以为这句话是一个戏论,这是因为他没有把这句话同人的精神境界联系起来。
一个人所有的概念就是他的精神境界;一个人所有的概念的高低,就分别出他的精神境界的高低。
例如一个人没有宇宙这个概念,他就根本不可能有“天地境界”。
明代杨椒山就义时曾作二诗,一曰:“浩气反太虚,丹心照千古。
平生未了事,留与后人补。
”二曰:“天王自圣明,制作高千古。
平生未报恩,留作忠魂补。
”一般看来,两首诗是同等地位,但其实迥然不同。
第一首是就人与宇宙关系而言,是为天地境界中的话。
第二首就君臣关系而言,是为道德境界中的话。
又如张巡、颜果卿死于王事,其行为本是道德行为,人也在道德境界。
但正如文天祥《正气歌》所说,“为张睢阳齿,为颜常山舌”,此等行为意义又不同,虽本是道德行为,但《正气歌》以之与“天地有正气”连接起来,则是从天地境界的观点看这些行为,又不止是道德行为了。
【生物】河南省郑州市一中2019-2020学年高二上学期入学考试测试试题(解析版)
河南省郑州市一中2019-2020学年高二上学期入学考试测试试题一、选择题1.下列对遗传学概念的理解,正确的是A. 棉花的细绒与长绒是一对相对性状B. 表现型相同则基因型一定相同C. 等位基因控制相对性状D. 性状分离指杂交后代出现不同基因型的现象【答案】C【解析】【分析】性状是对生物体所表现出来的形态、结构、生理和生化特性的统称;相对性状是指一种生物的同一种性状的不同表现型。
性状分离是指在杂种后代中,同时表现出显性性状和隐性性状的现象。
【详解】A、棉花的细绒与粗绒是一对相对性状,A错误;B、表现型相同则基因型不一定相同,如AA和Aa的表现型相同,基因型不同,B错误;C、等位基因控制相对性状,C正确;D、性状分离指杂交后代出现表现出显性性状和隐性性状的现象,D错误;故选:C。
2. 在下列遗传实例中,属于性状分离现象的是()①高茎豌豆与矮茎豌豆杂交,后代全为高茎豌豆②高茎豌豆与矮茎豌豆杂交,后代有高有矮,数量比接近于1∶1③圆粒豌豆自交后代中,圆粒豌豆与皱粒豌豆分别占3/4和1/4④开粉色花的紫茉莉自交,后代出现红花、粉花、白花三种表现型A. ②③④B. ③④C. ②③D. ③【答案】B【解析】试题分析:性状分离是指在杂种后代中,同时显现出显性性状和隐性性状的现象。
AA高×aa 矮→Aa高,①错误;Aa高×aa矮→ Aa高、aa矮,②错误;Rr圆×Rr圆→RR圆、Rr圆、rr 皱,③正确;Bb粉×Bb粉→BB红、2Bb粉、bb白,④正确,由此可见,符合定义的只有③④,B正确。
3.下列有关推理不正确的是A. 后代全为显性,则双亲必为显性纯合子B. 隐性性状的个体是纯合子C. 显性个体的基因型难以独立确定D. 隐性个体的显性亲本必为杂合子【答案】A【解析】【分析】纯合子是由基因型相同的配子结合形成的受精卵发育形成的个体,包括显性纯合子和隐性纯合子,杂合子是由基因型组成不同的配子结合形成的受精卵发育形成的个体;在完全显现的条件下,AA、Aa表现为显性性状,aa表现为隐性性状。
【全国百强校首发】河南省郑州市第一中学2019-2020学年高二上学期入学测试生物试题(pdf版)
21届高二上期入学测试生物试卷一、选择题(每题只有一项最佳答案,共30题,60分)1.下列对遗传学概念的理解,正确的是A.棉花的细绒与长绒是一对相对性状B.表现型相同则基因型一定相同C.等位基因控制相对性状D.性状分离指杂交后代出现不同基因型的现象2.在下列遗传实例中,属于性状分离现象的是①高茎豌豆与矮茎豌豆杂交,后代全为高茎豌豆②高茎豌豆与矮茎豌豆杂交,后代有高有矮,数量比接近于1:1③圆粒豌豆自交后代中,圆粒豌豆与皱粒豌豆分别占3/4和1/4④开粉色花的紫茉莉自交,后代出现红花、粉花、白花三种表现型.A.②③④B.③④C.②③D.③3.下列有关推理不正确的是A.后代全为显性,则双亲必为显性纯合子B.隐性性状的个体是纯合子C.显性个体的基因型难以独立确定D.隐性个体的显性亲本必为杂合子4.遗传学的奠基人孟德尔之所以在研究遗传规律时获得了巨大成功,关键在于他在实验的过程中选择了正确的方法。
下面各项中,除哪一项外均是他获得成功的重要原因A.先只针对一对相对性状的遗传规律进行研究,然后再研究多对性状的遗传规律B.选择了严格自花受粉的豌豆作为实验材料C.选择了多种植物作为实验材料,做了大量的实验D.应用了统计学的方法对结果进行统计分析5.孟德尔在探索遗传规律时,运用了“假说--演绎法”,下列相关叙述不正确的是A.提出问题是建立在纯合亲本杂交和F1自交的遗传实验基础上的B.“基因在体细胞中成对存在,而配子中只含等位基因中的一个”属于假说内容C.“F1(Dd)产生两种数量相等的配子(D和d),测交后代将出现两种数量相同的个体”属于演绎的内容D.对演绎过程及结果进行的检验是通过测交实验完成的6.下列有关基因分离定律的几组比例,能说明基因分离定律实质的是A.F2的表现型比为3:1B.F1产生配子的比为1:1C.F2的基因型比为1:2:1D.测交后代性状分离比为1:17.下列关于两对相对性状的杂交组合中,属于测交的是A.AaBb×aabbB.AaBb×AaBbC.AABB×AaBbD.AAbb×aaBB8.关于测交意义的说法,不正确的是A.测定待测个体的遗传因子组成B.判断待测个体的显隐性C.验证是否符合分离定律D.推测待测个体产生的配子种类9.某种基因型为Aa的高等雌雄同株植物产生的雌雄配子的数目A.雌配子︰雄配子=1︰1B.A雌配子︰a雄配子=1︰1C.雌配子︰雄配子=1︰3D.A雄配子︰a雄配子=1︰110.水稻的非糯性对糯性为显性,将糯性品种与纯合非糯性品种杂交,取F1的花粉用碘液染色,凡非糯性花粉呈蓝色,糯性花粉呈棕红色,显微镜下统计两种花粉的微粒,蓝色与棕红色的比例为A.1︰1B.1︰2C.2︰lD.1︰311.下列表示高茎豌豆(Dd)自交产生子代的遗传图解中,正确的是12.鼠的毛色有黑色和棕色(由基因B、b控制),两只黑鼠交配,生了3只棕鼠和1只黑鼠,下列说法正确的是A.棕色为显性性状B.子代黑鼠中能稳定遗传的个体概率是1/4C.若检测子代黑鼠的基因型,最好选用棕鼠与其交配D.若亲代黑鼠再生4只小鼠,则应为3只黑鼠和一只棕鼠13.人的棕眼和蓝眼是一对相对性状,受一对等位基因的控制。
2019-2020学年河南省郑州市第一中学高二上学期入学测试数学试题(解析版)
2019-2020学年河南省郑州市第一中学高二上学期入学测试数学试题一、单选题1.下列说法正确的是( )A .数列1,-2,-3,-4,…是一个摆动数列B .数列-2,3,6,8可以表示为{}2,3,6,8-C .{}n a 和n a 是相同的概念D .每一个数列的通项公式都是唯一确定的 【答案】A【解析】利用数列的定义及其性质即可判断出结论. 【详解】根据摆动数列的概念,A 正确;数列2-,3,6,8 不能表示为集合{2-,3,6,8},数列和元素顺序有关,集合和元素顺序无关,故B 错误.{}n a 表示数列的全部的项,而n a 表示数列的第n 项,不是同一概念,故C 错;数列的通项公式可以有多个,D 错误. 故选:A . 【点睛】本题主要考查了数列的定义及其性质,考查推理能力,属于基础题. 2.数列7,9,11,…,21n -的项数是( ) A .3n - B .2n -C .1n -D .n【答案】A【解析】设数列有x 项,解方程217(1)225n x x -=+-⋅=+即可得出此数列的项数. 【详解】由题得数列是一个等差数列,设数列有x 项,由等差数列的通项得217(1)225,n x x -=+-⋅=+所以3x n =-.∴此数列的项数是3n -.故选:A . 【点睛】本题主要考查等差数列的通项的基本量的计算,意在考查学生对这些知识的理解掌握水平,属于基础题.3.《九章算术》是我国第一部数学专著,下有源自其中的一个问题:“今有金箠(chuí),长五尺,斩本一尺,重四斤,斩末一尺,重二斤.问金箠重几何?”其意思为:“今有金杖(粗细均匀变化)长5尺,截得本端1尺,重4斤,截得末端1尺,重2斤.问金杖重多少?” 则答案是( ) A .14斤 B .15斤C .16斤D .17斤【答案】B【解析】由题意可知等差数列的首项和第五项,由等差数列前n 项和公式可得答案. 【详解】由题意可知等差数列中14a =,52a =, 则1555()152a a S +==. ∴金杖重15斤.故选:B . 【点睛】本题考查了数学文化、等差数列的通项公式及前n 项和的公式,属于基础题.4.已知等差数列{}n a 的前n 项和2n S n n =+,则过()11,P a ,()22,Q a 两点的直线的斜率是( ) A .1 B .2C .3D .4【答案】B【解析】数列{}n a 的前n 项和2n S n n =+,则12a =,212226a a +=+=,解得1a ,2a .利用斜率计算公式即可得出. 【详解】数列{}n a 的前n 项和2n S n n =+,则12a =,212226a a +=+=, 解得12a =,24a =.则过1(1,)P a ,(Q 2,2a )两点的直线的斜率21221a a -==-. 故选:B . 【点睛】本题考查了数列递推关系、通项公式、斜率计算公式,考查了推理能力与计算能力,属于基础题.5.在等差数列{}n a 中,23452534,52a a a a a a +++=⋅=,且42a a >,则5a =( ) A .11 B .12C .13D .14【答案】C【解析】由等差数列性质得2345252()34a a a a a a +++=+=,即2517a a +=,然后与2552a a =联立方程组可求得5a .【详解】∵42a a >,∴等差数列{}n a 是递增数列.∴52a a >.由数列{}n a 是等差数列,得2345252()34a a a a a a +++=+=,即2517a a +=, 由25251752a a a a +=⎧⎨=⎩,∴25413a a =⎧⎨=⎩(25134a a =⎧⎨=⎩舍去),故选:C . 【点睛】本题考查等差数列的性质,掌握等差数列的性质是解题基础.等差数列{}n a 中,,,,m n p q N ∈,若m n p q +=+,则m n p q a a a a +=+.6.若数列{}n a 是公差为1的等差数列,则数列{}2122n n a a -+是( ) A .公差为3的等差数列 B .公差为4的等差数列 C .公差为6的等差数列 D .公差为9的等差数列【答案】C【解析】构造新数列2122n n n c a a -=+,求出相邻两项的差,利用等差数列的定义,即可得到结论. 【详解】设{}n a 的公差为d ,则1d =,设2122n n n c a a -=+,则121222n n n c a a +++=+, 121222122266n n n n n n c c a a a a d +++-∴-=+--==,故选:C . 【点睛】本题重点考查等差关系的确定,考查等差数列的定义,直接利用等差数列的定义判断是关键. 7.已知在ABC ∆中,内角,,A B C 所对的边分别为,,a b c ,60,43A b ∠=︒=,若此三角形有且只有一个,则a 的取值范围是( ) A .043a << B .6a = C .43a ≥或6a = D .043a <≤【答案】C【解析】根据题意求出sin 6b A =,然后数形结合可得a 的范围. 【详解】由60,43A b ∠=︒=,正弦定理可得3sin 436b A =⨯=;∵这样的三角形有且只有一个,∴43a ≥6a =; 故选C . 【点睛】本题考查正弦定理的应用,考查三角形解的情况,考查特殊角的三角函数值,属于基础题. 8.在钝角ABC ∆中,已知3AB =1AC =,30B ∠=︒,则ABC ∆的面积是( ) A 3B 3C .32D .34【答案】A【解析】利用余弦定理列出关系式,把c ,b ,以及cos B 的值代入求出a 的值,利用三角形面积公式即可求出三角形ABC 面积. 【详解】Q在钝角ABC ∆中,已知AB c =1AC b ==,30B ∠=︒,∴由余弦定理得2222cos b a c ac B =+-,即2133a a =+-,解得1a =或2a =,当1a =时,a b =,即30A B ==︒∠∠,此时120C ∠=︒,满足题意,ABC ∆的面积1sin 2S ac B =; 当2a =时,满足222a b c =+,即ABC ∆为直角三角形,不合题意,舍去,所以ABC ∆ 故选:A . 【点睛】此题考查了余弦定理以及三角形面积公式,意在考查学生对这些知识的理解掌握水平,熟练掌握定理及公式是解本题的关键.9.在ABC V 中,边a ,b ,c 分别是角A ,B ,C 的对边,且满足()cos 3cos b C a c B =-,若4BC BA ⋅=u u u r u u u r,则ac 的值为 ()n n A .12 B .11C .10D .9【答案】A【解析】利用正弦定理把题设等式中的边换成角的正弦,进而利用两角和公式化简整理可得cos B 的值,由4BC BA ⋅=u u u r u u u r可得ac 的值【详解】在ABC n 中,()3bcosC a c cosB =-Q由正弦定理可得()sin cos 3sin sin cos B C A C B =-3sin cos sin cos sin cos A B C B B C ∴-=化为:3sin cos sin cos sin cos A B C B B C =+即()sin sin B C A +=在ABC n 中,sin 0A ≠,故1cos 3B =4BC BA ⋅=u u u r u u u rQ ,可得cos 4ac B =,即12ac = 故选A 【点睛】本题以三角形为载体,主要考查了正弦定理,向量的数量积的运用,考查了两角和公式,考查了分析问题和解决问题的能力,属于中档题。
2019-2020学年河南省郑州市第一中学高二上学期入学测试历史试题 (Word版)
河南省郑州市第一中学2019-2020学年高二上学期入学测试历史试卷说明:1.本试卷分第Ⅰ卷(选择题)和第Ⅱ卷(非选择题)满分100 分,考试时间90 分钟。
2.将第Ⅰ卷的答案代表字母填(涂)在第Ⅱ卷的答题表(答题卡)中。
第Ⅰ卷(选择题,共60 分)一、选择题:本题共40 小题,每小题1.5 分,共60 分。
1.龙被中原先民视作神灵,“凤鸟”则是楚地的图腾。
在屈原的楚辞中出现“龙”20 多次,频率高于凤;《离骚》文中历述尧舜禹汤、夏桀商纣等华夏人物,无一楚人。
这说明( )A.战国时期南北文化的融合B.南方蛮夷被中原政权征服C.多民族统一在炎黄旗帜下D.楚国艺术的夸张奇特想象2.春秋后期,礼乐制度崩坏,太史乐官流散,典籍落入民间,士子国人,初则竞相传诵,转而各家自立说。
据此可知,百家争鸣出现的原因是( )A.铁犁牛耕的使用B.周王室衰微C.文化扩散和教育下移D.礼乐制度被破坏3.“《礼》者,法之大分,类之纲纪也……隆礼至法则国有常,尚贤使能则民知方……” “君人者隆礼尊贤而王,重法爱民而霸……”。
材料反映了该学派( )A.主张严刑峻法B.认为道德与法律界限分明C.主张礼法并用D.认为法律须以刑罚为基础4.“衣食者,人之生利也,然且犹尚有节”。
“列德而尚贤,虽在农与工肆之人,有能择举之”。
“上欲中圣王之道,下欲中国家百姓之利,故当若节丧之为政,而不可不察此者也。
”以上思想反映的诉求应属战国时期( )A.贵族阶层B.地主阶级C.游士阶层D.小生产者5.《孟子·滕文公下》:“居天下之广居,立天下之正位,行天下之大道。
得志,与民由之;不得志,独行其道。
富贵不能淫,贫贱不能移,威武不能屈。
”对材料理解最准确的是( )A.主张遵守“义”,自律自制B.反映了春秋时期礼崩乐坏的局面C.阐明了儒家思想的义利观念D.体现了孟子“人性本善”的主张6.秦汉时期,秦始皇实行焚书坑儒,汉高祖、汉文帝推崇道家无为而治,到汉武帝时期“尊儒”且“尚法”。
河南省郑州市第一中学高二地理上学期入学考试测试试题(含解析)
河南省郑州市第一中学2019—2020学年高二地理上学期入学考试测试试题(含解析)说明:1、本试卷分第Ⅰ卷(选择题)和第Ⅱ卷(非选择题)满分100分,考试时间90钟.2、将第Ⅰ卷的答案代表字母涂在答题卡上,第Ⅱ卷的答案写在答题卷上.第Ⅰ卷 (选择题)一、选择题:在每小题所给出的四个选项中,只有一个是符合题目要求的。
将所选答案的字母涂在答题卡上。
下图表示我国四个省级行政区,据此完成下列问题。
1. 对图中省份的说法正确的是( )A. 甲、乙两省位于同一地形单元B. 丙、丁两省的气候类型相同C. 甲、乙两省分别称为秦、陇D. 丙、丁两省以河流为界2. 对图中省份的物产表述正确的是()A。
甲、乙两省水资源、石油丰富B。
丙、丁两省铁矿、草原资源丰富C。
甲、乙两省煤炭、森林丰富 D. 丙、丁两省有色金属、粮食丰富3。
在甲、乙两省兴建交通线路遇到的主要障碍是()A。
冻土B。
地形崎岖 C. 台风D。
寒潮【答案】1。
B 2. D 3。
B【解析】【1题详解】甲、乙两省为陕西和山西,分别称为秦(陇)、晋,C错误;陕西跨黄土高原及秦岭南部的汉江谷地,山西主要位于黄土高原,A错误;丙、丁两省为湖南、江西,两省气候类型为亚热带季风气候,气候相同,B正确;丙、丁两省以九岭山—罗霄山为界,D错误.故选B。
【2题详解】甲、乙两省水资源缺乏、煤炭丰富,A错误;丙、丁两省有色金属丰富,草原资源少,B错误;甲、乙两省煤炭丰富、森林不丰富,C错误;丙、丁两省有色金属、粮食(水稻)丰富,D正确。
故选D.【3题详解】根据省区的轮廓可知,图中甲是陕西省,乙是山西省;都位于黄土高原上,地表特征是千沟万壑,地形崎岖影响交通线路建设;B正确。
冻土一般分布在高纬度、高海拔,A错误;台风位于东南沿海,C错误;甲、乙两省会发生寒潮,但寒潮不经常发生,对交通建设影响较小,D 错误。
故选B。
【点睛】中国是省区分界线的山脉有:巫山、武夷山、南岭、昆仑山脉、祁连山脉、大巴山脉。
河南省郑州市第一中学2019-2020学年高二上学期入学测试 数学试题含答案
石家庄二中2019--2020学年度第一学期开学考试一、选择题(每题5分,共60分)1.若,,,,b a R c b a >∈且则下列不等式成立的是( ) A.22b a > B.b a 11< C.c b c a > D.1122+>+c bc a 2.若ABC B A ∆是,的内角,且,sin sin B A >则B A 与的关系正确的是( ) A. B A < B. B A > C. 2π>+B A D.无法确定3.已知实数1,,,9a x b --,依次成等比数列,则实数x 的值为( ) A. 3或-3 B. 3 C.-3 D.不确定4.过点()01,且与直线022=--y x 垂直的直线方程为( ) A .012=--y xB .012=+-y xC .022=-+y xD .012=-+y x5.如图,一圆锥形物体的母线长为4,其侧面积为π4,则这个圆锥的体积为( ) A .315B .338 C .π315 D .π338 6.已知n m ,是两条不同的直线,βα,是两个不同的平面,若,,βα⊂⊂n m 则下列命题正确的是( ) A .若//n α,//m β,则//αβ B .若ββα⊥⊥=⋂m l m l 则且,, C .若//m n ,//m β,则//αβ D .若l αβ=I ,且//m l ,则//m β7.已知,,a b c 分别为ABC ∆内角,,A B C 的对边,若45,30B C =︒=︒,b=2则a =( ) A .62+ B .62+ C .62- D .62- 8.若P (2,-1)为圆C :(x -1)2+y 2=25的弦AB 的中点,则直线AB 的方程是( ) A .052=--y x B .032=-+y x C .01=-+y x D .03=--y x9.已知正数x ,y 满足x+y=1,则yx ++141的最小值为( )A. 5B.143 C. 92D.2 10.如图,长方体1111ABCD A B C D -中,145DAD ∠=o ,130CDC ∠=o,那么异面直线1AD 与1DC 所成角的余弦值是( ) A .24B .28C .3 D .3 11.已知数列{}n a 的通项公式21021n a n n =-+-,前n 项和为n S ,若>n m ,则n m S S -的最大值是( )A .5B .10C .15D .2012.在三棱锥P ABC -中,PA ⊥平面ABC ,2π,43BAC AP ∠==,23AB AC ==,则三棱锥P ABC -的外接球的表面积为( )A .32πB .48πC .64πD .72π二、填空题(每题5分,共20分)13、直线210mx y m +--=恒过定点_________. 14、ABC △中,角,,A B C 的对边分别为,,a b c ,已知12b =,23B π=,则ABC S V 的最大值为________15、设数列{}n a 的前n 项和为n S ,若11=n n n n S S S S ++-⋅,且112a =-,则20191S =_________. 16、设圆221:(5)(2)4C x y -++=圆222:(7)(1)25C x y -++=.点,A B 分别是圆12,C C 上的动点,P为直线y x =上的动点,则PA PB +的最小值为_________.三、解答题(每题10分,共40分)17.在长方体1111ABCD A B C D -中,底面ABCD 是边长为2的正方形,E 是AB 的中点,F 是1BB 的中点. (1)求证://EF 平面11A DC ;(2)若123AA =,求二面角11E A D C --的正弦值.18.在ABC ∆中,内角A ,B ,C 的对边分别是a ,b ,c ,且满足:()2222sin sin b c a C c B +-=. (Ⅰ)求角A 的大小;(Ⅱ)若1a =,求b c +的最大值.19.设n S 为正项数列{}n a 的前n 项和,且满足2243n n n a a S +=+.(1)求{}n a 的通项公式; (2)令11n n n b a a +=,12n n T b b b =+++…,若n T m <恒成立,求m 的取值范围.20.已知两个定点(0,4),(0,1)A B ,动点P 满足||2||PA PB =.设动点P 的轨迹为曲线E ,直线:4l y kx =-.(1)求曲线E 的轨迹方程;(2)若l 与曲线E 交于不同的,C D 两点,且120COD ︒∠=(O 为坐标原点),求直线l 的斜率; (3)若1k =, Q 是直线l 上的动点,过Q 作曲线E 的两条切线,QM QN ,切点为,M N ,试研究直线MN 是否过定点.2019--2020学年度第一学期开学考试数学答案1. 【答案】D2. 【答案】B3. 【答案】C4. 【答案】C 【解析】由于直线220x y --=的斜率为12,故所求直线的斜率等于2-, 所求直线的方程为02(1)y x -=--,即220x y +-=,故选:C .5. 【答案】C 【解析】:圆锥的展开图为扇形,半径R 4=,侧面积为为扇形的面积,所以扇形的面积,42121πα==R S 解得2πα= ,所以弧长,2πα==R l 所以底面周长为2π,由此可知底面半径r 1=,所以底面面积为S π=,体高为h 15=,故圆锥的体积115V 3Sh π==,故选C.6.【答案】D 【解析】:对于A ,若n ∥α,m ∥β,则α∥β或α与β相交,故错;对于B ,若α∩β=l ,且m ⊥l ,则m 与β不一定垂直,故错;对于C ,若m ∥n ,m ∥β,则α与β位置关系不定,故错;对于D ,∵α∩β=l ,∴l ⊂β,∵m ∥l ,则m ∥β,故正确.故选:D . 7.【答案】B 【解析】45B =︒Q ,30C =︒,2b =,∴由正弦定理sin sin b c B C=,可得:12sin 21sin 2b C c B ⨯===g , ∴由余弦定理2222cos b a c ac B =+-,可得:2210a a -=-,解得:6+2a =,负值舍去.8.【答案】D 【解析】圆心()0,1C ,()12110-=---=PC k , 则1=ABk ,AB 的方程为21-=+x y ,即03=--y x ,故选D .9.【答案】C10.【答案】A 【解析】连接1AB ,11B D ,如图11//AD B C Q ∴四边形11ADC B 为平行四边形11//AB C D ∴∴异面直线1AD 与1DC 所成角即为1AD 与1AB 所成角,即11B AD ∠设11DD CC a ==145DAD ∠=o Q ,130C DC ∠=oAD a ∴=,3CD a =12AD a ∴=,12AB a =,112B D a =在11AB D ∆中,由余弦定理得:222222*********cos 24222AB AD B D B AD AB AD a a +-∠===⋅⨯⨯正确选项:A11.【答案】B 【解析】数列{}n a 的通项公式21021(3)(7)n a n n n n =-+-=---当37n ≤≤时0n a ≥,当2n ≤或8n ≥是0n a <n S 最大值为6S 或7S ,m S 最小值为2S 或3Sn m S S -的最大值为6345634310S S a a a -=++=++= 故答案为B12.【答案】C 【解析】在ABC △中,23AB AC ==,23BAC π∠=,可得6ACB π∠=,则ABC △的外接圆的半径2323π2sin 2sin 6AB r ACB ===,取ABC △的外接圆的圆心G ,过G 作//GO AP ,且122GO AP ==, 因为PA ⊥平面ABC ,所以点O 为三棱锥P ABC -的外接球的球心,则222OA OG AG =+,即外接球半径()222234R =+=,则三棱锥P ABC -的外接球表面积为24π4π1664πR =⨯=.故选C.13.【答案】112(,)【解析】由题得1210(21)(1)0,,2101x x m x y y y ⎧-==⎧⎪-+-=∴∴⎨⎨-=⎩⎪=⎩,所以直线过定点112(,). 14.【答案】3【解析】由23B π=,又12b =,由余弦定理得222222cos 3b a c ac B a c ac ac =+-=++≥,112ac ∴≤,故13sin 248ABC S ac B =≤V . 15.【答案】2020- 【解析】11=()n n n n S S S S n N *++-⋅∈,1111()n nn N S S *+-=-∈, 所以数列1n S ⎧⎫⎨⎬⎩⎭是以1-为公差的等差数列,11112S a ==-,所以等差数列1n S ⎧⎫⎨⎬⎩⎭的通项公式为2019112(1)(1)12020n n n S S =-+-⋅-=--⇒=-. 16.【答案】3137-【解析】可知圆C 1的圆心(5,﹣2),r =2,圆C 2的圆心(7,﹣1),R =5,如图所示:对于直线y =x 上的任一点P ,由图象可知,要使|PA |+|PB |的得最小值, 则问题可转化为求|PC 1|+|PC 2|﹣R ﹣r =|PC 1|+|PC 2|﹣7的最小值, 即可看作直线y =x 上一点到两定点距离之和的最小值减去7, 又C 1关于直线y =x 对称的点为C 1′(﹣2,5),由平面几何的知识易知当C 1′与P 、C 2共线时,|PC 1|+|PC 2|取得最小值,即直线y =x 上一点到两定点距离之和取得最小值为|C1′C2|∴|PA|+|PB|的最小值为 =﹣7.17.解:(1)证明:连接1AB ,∵,E F 分别为1,AB BB 的中点,∴1//EF AB ∵长方体1111ABCD A B C D -中,11AD B C =,11//AD B C , ∴四边形11ADC B 是平行四边形,∴11//AB DC ,∴1//EF DC∵EF ⊄平面11A DC ,1DC ⊂平面11A DC ,∴//EF 平面11A DC ---------------4分 (2)解:在长方体中,分别以1,,DA DC DD 为,,x y z 轴建立如图所示空间直角坐标系, 则(0,0,0)D ,(2,0,0)A ,(2,2,0)B ,(2,1,0)E ,1(2,0,23)A ,1(0,2,23)C ,--------5分 ∴11(2,2,0)AC =-u u u u r ,1(2,0,23)DA =u u u u r ,1(0,1,23)EA =-u u u r , 设平面11A DC 的一个法向量(,,)m x y z =u r,则222230x y x z -+=+=,取3x =,则(3,3,3)m =-u r,--------6分同样可求出平面1A DE 的一个法向量(3,23,1)n =--r----7分∴237cos ,14||||2116m n m n m n ⋅-〈〉===-⋅u r ru r r u r r ∴二面角11E A D C --的正弦值为321.---------10分18.解:(I )由正弦定理得:()2222b c ac c b +-=,因为0c ≠,所以222b c a bc +-=,所以由余弦定理得:2221cos 22b c a A bc +-==, 又在ABC ∆中,0A π<<,所以3A π=. ------5分(II )方法1:由(I )及=1a ,得221b c bc +=+,即2()31b c bc +=+,因为22b c bc +⎛⎫≤ ⎪⎝⎭,(当且仅当=b c 时等号成立) 所以223()()14b c b c +≤++. 则2b c +≤(当且仅当==1b c 时等号成立) 故b c +的最大值为2. ------10分19.解:(1)由题知:0n a >,2243n n n a a S +=+……①令1n =得:2111243a a S +=+,解得:13a =------------------1分当2n ≥时,2111243n n n a a S ---+=+……②①-②得:()()1120n n n n a a a a --+--= ------2分 ②- ∴120n n a a -∴--=,即12n n a a --=-------------3分{}n a ∴是以3为首项,2为公差的等差数列 ()32121n a n n ∴=+-=+经验证13a =满足21n a n =+ 21n a n ∴=+-------------5分 (2)由(1)知:()()1111212322123n b n n n n ⎛⎫==- ⎪++++⎝⎭-----6分1111111111112355721232323646n T n n n n ⎡⎤⎛⎫⎛⎫⎛⎫⎛⎫∴=⨯-+-+⋅⋅⋅+-=⨯-=- ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪⎢⎥++++⎝⎭⎝⎭⎝⎭⎝⎭⎣⎦-------------8分 1046n >+Q 16n T ∴< ---------9分 16m ∴≥ 即1,6m ⎡⎫∈+∞⎪⎢⎣⎭-----------10分20.(1)设点P 的坐标为(,)x y ,由||2||PA PB =可得,2222(4)2(1)x y x y +-=+-, 整理可得224x y +=,所以曲线E 的轨迹方程为224x y +=. -------------3分(2)依题意,2OC OD ==,且120COD ︒∠=,则点O 到CD 边的距离为1 即点(0,0)O 到直线:40l kx y --=1=,解得k =,所以直线l的斜率为分(3)依题意,,ON QN OM QM ⊥⊥,则M N ,都在以OQ 为直径的圆F 上Q 是直线:4l y x =-上的动点,设(,4)Q t t -,则圆F 的圆心为4,22t t -⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭,且经过坐标原点,即圆的方程为22(4)0x y tx t y +---= ,又因为,M N 在曲线22:4E x y +=上,由22224(4)0x y x y tx t y ⎧+=⎨+---=⎩,可得(4)40tx t y +--=即直线MN 的方程为(4)40tx t y +--=,由t R ∈且()440t x y y +--=可得,0440x y y +=⎧⎨+=⎩解得11x y =⎧⎨=-⎩,所以直线MN 是过定点(1,1)-.----------------10分。
2019-2020学年河南郑州一中高二上学期入学测试英语试题 (含答案)(Word精校版)
河南省郑州市第一中学2019-2020学年高二上学期入学测试英语试卷说明: 1.本试卷分第Ⅰ卷(选择题)和第Ⅱ卷(非选择题),考试时间 100 分钟。
2.将第Ⅰ卷的答案代表字母填(涂)在第Ⅱ卷的答题表(答题卡)中。
第Ⅰ卷(选择题,共 70 分)第一部分听力 ( 略)第二部分阅读理解(共 20 小题;每小题 2 分,满分 40 分)第一节阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C、D)中,选出最佳选项。
AThe Coolest InventionsAn Oceans VacuumThere’s a collection of plastic trash in the middle of the Pacific Ocean. It’s bigger than Texas and growing. The way to clean it up now is to catch it with nets. That is both costly and slow. Instead, the Ocean Cleanup Project proposes a 62-mile-long floating barrier that would use natural currents to trap trash. If next year’s trials succeed, a full cleanup operation would aim to start in 2020. It could reduce the trash by 42 % over 10 years.Easy-On ShoesIn 2012, Matthew Walzer, a high school st udent with a disability, sent a note to Nike. “My dream is to go to college,” he wrote, “without having to worry about someone coming to tie my shoes every day.” Nike assigned a design team to the challenge. This year, they came out with their solution: the FlyEase. The basketball shoe can be fastened with one hand. A pair of Nike FlyEase shoes sells for $ 130.An Airport for Drones (无人机)As Amazon, Google, and others get ready for drone delivery service, there is one big question: What kinds of home bases will their drones have? Rwanda, in Africa, may have the answer. There, workers will soon start work on three “drone ports”. The goals is to make it easier to transport food, medical supplies, electronics, and other goods through the hilly countryside. Construction is set to be completed in 2020.21.What’s the advantage of the Oceans Vacuum?A.It can tear plastic into pieces.B. It can grow year by year.C. It can be a money-saver.D. It can be put into wide use soon.22. What do we know about Nike?A. It offers free shoes to the disabled.B. It provides customer friendly services.C. It is designing new shoes frequently.D. It responded to Matthew’s request passively.23. Why is Rwanda setting up “drone ports”?A. Because they are receptive to new technology.B. Because they’re easier to construct than roads.C. Because there are too many drones.D. Because road travel there is rough.BI grew up in a house where the TV was seldom turned on and with one wall in my bedroom entirely lined with bookshelves, most of my childhood was spent on books I could get hold of. In fact, I grew up thinking of reading as natural as breathing and books unbelievably powerful in shaping perspectives by creating worlds we could step into, take part in and live in.With this unshakable belief, I, at fourteen, decided to become a writer. Here too, reading became useful. Every writer starts off knowing that he has something to say, but being unable to find the right ways to say it. He has to find his own voice by reading widely and discovering which parts of the writers he agrees or disagrees with, or agrees with so strongly that it reshapes his own world. He cannot write without loving to read, because only through reading other people’s writing can one discover wha t works, what doesn’t and, in the end, together with lots of practice, what voice he has.Now I am in college, and have come to realize how important it is to read fiction. As a law student, my reading is in fact limited to subject matter the volume of what I have to read for classes every week means there is little time to read anything else. Such reading made it all the clearer to me that I live in a very small part in this great place called life. Reading fiction reminds me that there is life beyond my own. It allows me to travel across the high seas and along the Silk Road, all from the comfort of my own armchair, to experience, though secondhand, exciting experiences that I wouldn’t necessarily be able to have in my lifetime.24.What can be inferred about the author as a child?A.He never watched TV.B. He read what he had to.C. He found reading unbelievable.D. He considered reading part of his life.25. The underlined word “voice” in the second paragraph most probably means “”.A. an ideaB. a sound qualityC. a way of writingD. a world to write about26. What effect does reading have on the author?A. It helps him to realize his dream.B. It opens up a wider world for him.C. It makes his college life more interesting.D. It increases his interest in worldwide travel.27. Which of the following can be the best title of this text?A. Why do I read?B. How do I read?C. What do I read?D. When do I read?CProtect Children from Cyber-bullying(网络欺凌)When you think about bullying, you might think of a child being bullied by another in the schoolyard. As more young people have access to computers and cell phones, traditional bullying has gone digital, which has not yet gained awareness in Chinese parents.Cyber-bullying, first invented by Canadian educator Bill Belsey, is the use of the Internet and related technologies to harm other people, in an intentional, repeated, and unfriendly manner. It involves threatening text messages, the spread of online rumors on social networking sites, and intentionally keeping someone out of an online group. Cyber-bullying is at an all-time high in the US. According to a study from the US Department of Justice, more than 43% of teenagers report being victims of cyber-bullying.Compared to face-to-face bullying, cyber-bullying is considered to have a worse emotional effect on the victims, and kids could feel more desperate and depressed. Severe, long-term or frequent cyber-bullying can leave victims at greater risk for anxiety, depression, and other disorders. Research says that cyber-bullying victims were almost twice as likely to have attempted suicide compared to youths who had not experienced it.In traditional schoolyard bullying, at least home is a safe place for the victims. But cyber-bullying is endless---it could happen anytime. Moreover, in the digital world, bullying is much easier, as a bully can pick on people with a much lower risk of being caught. Actually, cyber-bullying has become a worldwide issue. In the US, as several teens committed suicide because of cyber-bullying, some schools set rules to punish cyberbullies. Laws to punish cyber-bullying have been introduced in some states. In China, cyber-bullying is still considered by many parents and educators as a problem that involves physical contact. However, as cell phones and laptops are becoming common equipment for teenagers, social interactions have increasingly moved from personal contact to virtual contact. Cyber-bullying is spreading faster than expected.For schools and parents, safety rules should be set in the virtual world for kids, such as telling them not to let out anything to a stranger. Active steps should be taken to make the public aware of the seriousness of this problem, because it would be too late to take measures after tragedy strikes.28.According to the writer, which of the following is cyber-bullying?A.Saying unkind words to classmates.B.Attacking one’s computer with virus.C.Stopping someone from joining a club.D.Threatening someone in text messages.pared to traditional bullying, cyber-bullying .A.can be found out easilyB.hasn’t been punished by lawC.can cause more lasting sufferingsD.has made twice more youths killed30.According to the passage, .A.cyber-bullying first started in CanadaB.measures should be taken against cyber-bullyingC.there is no escape from cyber-bullying for studentsD.Chinese students are not facing serious cyber-bullying31.Who is this passage mainly intended for?A.Parents and educators.B. Victims and parents.C. Teachers and students.D. Researchers and victims.DWe can achieve knowledge either actively or passively. We achieve it actively by direct experience, by testing and proving an idea, or by reasoning.We achieve knowledge passively by being told by someone else. Most of the learning that takes place in the classroom and the kind that happens when we watch TV or read newspapers or magazines is passive. Conditioned as we are to passive learning, it’s not surprising that we d epend on it in our everyday communication with friends and co-workers. Unfortunately, passive learning has a serious problem. It makes us tend to accept what we are told even when it is little more than hearsay and rumor.Did you ever play the game Rumor? It begins when one person writes down a message but doesn’t show it to anyone. Then the person whispers it, word for word, to another person. That person, in turn, whispers it to still another, and so on, through all the people playing the game. The last person writes down the message word for word as he or she hears it. Then the two written statements are compared. Typically, the original message has changed.That’s what happens in daily life. The simple fact that people repeat a story in their own words changes the story. Then, too, most people listen imperfectly. And many enjoy adding their own creative touch to a story, trying to improve on it, stamping (打上标记) it with their own personal style. Yet those who hear it think they know.This process is also found among scholars and authors: A statement of opinion by one writer may be re-stated as fact by another, who may in turn be quoted by yet another; and this process may continue, unless it occurs to someone to question the facts on which the original writer based his opinion or to challenge the interpretation he placed upon those facts.32.According to the passage, passive learning may occur in .A.doing a medical experimentB. solving a math problemC. visiting an exhibitionD. doing scientific reasoning33. The underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refers to .A. active learningB. knowledgeC. communicationD. passive learning34. The author mentions the game Rumor to show that .A. a message may be changed when being passed onB. a message should be delivered in different waysC. people may have problems with their sense of hearingD. people tend not to believe in what they know as rumor35. What can we infer from the passage?A. Active learning is less important.B. Passive learning may not be reliable.C. Active learning occurs more frequently.D. Passive learning is not found among scholars.第二节根据短文内容,从短文后选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
河南省郑州一中2019-2020学年高二英语上册开学考试英语试题卷(入学考含答案)
河南省郑州一中2019-2020学年高二上学期开学考试英语试题第一部分:阅读理解(共两节,满分40分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
AWelcome to The Metropolitan Museum of Art(MET) HOURSOpen seven days a weekSUN-THU,10AM-5:30PM,FRI,SAT10AM-9PMClosed Thanksgiving Day,December25,January1,and the first Monday in May.ADMISSIONMembers and Patrons(赞助人)visit free and enjoy express admission.General Admission:Adults,$25;seniors(65and older),$17;students,$12;and children under12,free.General admission tickets include special exhibitions and are valid (有效)for three days.For New York State residents with valid ID,Connecticut,and New Jersey students: The amount you pay is up to you.Please be as generous as you can.All ticket holders must go through security.PARKING GARAGE80th St.and Fifth Ave.Discount for Members and Patrons.GROUP VISITSCall212-570-3711or visit /groupvisits.1FREE GUIDED TOURSAudio GuideListen to the stories behind thousands of artworks in The Met collection and select exhibitions.Rent an Audio Guide device(with a headset or neck loop):adults,$7,; Members,$6;children under12$5;and free to visitors who are blind,partially sighted, deaf or have hearing loss.Transcripts in standard and large print are available for selected tours.Learn more at /audioguide.Daily tours with GuidesCheck at any information desk or visit /mettours for free gallery talks and tours presented by staff,outside scholars,and trained volunteers.ACCESSIBILITYFor information about accessibility and services for visitors with disabilities,contact or call212-650-2010,or visit /access.21.Normally on which day can a visitor stay at the MET for the longest time?A.Saturday.B.Wednesday.C.Monday.D.Thanksgiving Day.22.How much should a middle aged woman and her14-year-old daughter from China pay to visit the MET?A.$12.B.$25.C.$29.D.$37.23.How can people inquire about access to the MET?A.By calling212-570-3711.B.By calling212-650-2010.C.By visiting /group visitsD.By contacting /mettours.2BThe Scottish education system has always been different from the rest of the United Kingdom,with a characteristic emphasis on a broad education.Scotland's schools operate a Curriculum(课程)for Excellence which provides knowledge and skills to all nursery, primary and secondary schooling between the ages of3-18.All3-and4-year-old children in Scotland have access to a free nursery place.Formal primary education begins at approximately5years old and lasts for7years.During their secondary education,children in Scotland study Standard Grades,or Intermediate(中级的)qualifications between the ages of13and16.The school leaving age is16,after which students may choose to remain at school for one or two years to study for Higher Grade or Advanced Higher qualifications. Then they can have further education by attending colleges or universities.There are fifteen Scottish universities,some of which are among the oldest in the world.These include the University of St Andrews,the University of Glasgow, the University of Aberdeen and the University of Edinburgh—many of which are ranked among the best in the UK.Proportionally,Scotland had more universities in QS'World University Rankings'top100in2012than any other nation.Also,the country produced1% of the world's published research with less than0.1%of the world's population.Scotland’s University Courts are the only bodies in Scotland authorized to award degrees.Besides Scotland's universities,Further and Higher Education is provided by43 colleges as well.Colleges offer National Certificates,Higher National Certificates,and Higher National Diplomas.These Group Awards,alongside Scottish Vocational(职业的)Qualifications,aim to ensure Scotland's population has the appropriate skills and knowledge to meet workplace needs.In2014,research reported by the Office for National Statistics found that Scotland was the most highly educated country in Europe and among the most well-educated in the world in terms of higher education attainment.24.What do we know about Scottish education?A.Students can go to university directly after finishing Standard Grades.B.Students of all ages receive free education.C.A university student is at least17years old.3D.Only knowledge is taught at schools.25.The underlined word“Proportionally”in Paragraph2probably means________.A.Considering Scotland’s populationB.Regardless of Scotland’s historyC.In terms of the number of universitiesD.Despite its education system26.Scottish college awards and vocational qualifications serve to________.A.improve the employmentB.award the students with degreesC.prepare the workforce with proper skillspete with universities home and abroad27.The purpose of the text is to________.pareB.introduceC.advertiseD.persuadeCMarian Bechtel sits at West Palm Beach’s Bar Louie counter by herself,quietly reading her e-book as she waits for her salad.What is she reading?None of your business!Lunch is Bechtel’s“me”time.And like more Americans,she’s not alone.A new report found46percent of meals are eaten alone in America.More than half(53 percent)have breakfast alone and nearly half(46percent)have lunch by themselves.Only at dinnertime are we eating together anymore,74percent,according to statistics from the report.“I prefer to go out and be out.Alone,but together,you know?”Bechtel said,looking4up from her book.Bechtel,who works in downtown West Palm Beach,has lunch with coworkers sometimes,but like many of us,too often works through lunch at her desk.A lunchtime escape allows her to keep a boss from tapping her on the shoulder.She returns to work feeling energized.“Today,I just wanted some time to myself,”she said.just two seats over,Andrew Mazoleny,a local videographer,is finishing his lunch at the bar.He likes that he can sit and check his phone in peace or chat up the barkeeper with whom he’s on a first-name basis if he wants to have a little interaction(交流).“I reflect on how my day’s gone and think about the rest of the week,”he said.“It’s a chance for self-reflection.You return to work recharged and with a plan.”That freedom to choose is one reason more people like to eat alone.There was a time when people may have felt awkward about asking for a table for one,but those days are over.Now,we have our smartphones to keep us company at the table.“It doesn’t feel as alone as it may have before al the advances in technology,”said Laurie Demerit,whose company provided the statistics for the report.28.What are the statistics in paragraph2about?A.Food variety.B.Eating habits.C.Table manners.D.Restaurant service.29.Why does Bechtel prefer to go out for lunch?A.To meet with her coworkers.B.To catch up with her work.C.To have some time on her own.D.To collect data for her report.30.What do we know about Mazoleny?A.He makes videos for the bar.B.He’s fond of the food at the bar.5C.He interviews customers at the bar.D.He’s familiar with the barkeeper.31.What is the text mainly about?A.The trend of having meals alone.B.The importance of self-reflection.C.The stress from working overtime.D.The advantage of wireless technology.DLondon(CNN)There is no God--that's the conclusion of the celebrated physicist Stephen Hawking,whose final book is published Tuesday.The book Brief Answers to the Big Questions,which was completed by his family after his death,presents answers to the questions that Hawking said he received most during his time on Earth.Other bombshells(意外消息)the British scientist left his readers with include the belief that alien life is out there,artificial intelligence could outsmart humans and time travel can't be ruled out."There is no God.No one directs the universe,"he writes in the book."For centuries,it was believed that disabled people like me were living under a curse by God,"he adds."I prefer to think that everything can be explained another way,by the laws of nature."While Hawking spoke of his lack of belief in God during his life,several of his other answers are more surprising."There are forms of intelligent life out there,"he writes."We need to be cautious about answering back until we have developed a bit further.""Travel back in time can't be ruled out according to our present understanding,"he says. He also predicts that"within the next hundred years we will be able to travel to anywhere in the Solar System."In remarks prepared by Hawking and played at the launch of the book in London on Monday,the scientist also turned his attention to the world he was leaving behind.His6greatest concern,his daughter said,"is how divided we've become,"adding,"He makes this comment about how we seem to have lost the ability to look outward,and we are increasingly looking inward to ourselves."Hawking's final message to readers,though,is a hopeful one.Attempting to answer the question"How do we shape the future?",the scientist writes,"Remember to look up at the stars and not down at your feet."32.Which question is NOT probably included in the book Brief Answers to the Big Questions,?A.Is there Alien life?B.Does the solar system exist?C.Is time travel possible?D.Does anyone direct the universe?33.Hawking mentioned his disability in his book to________.A.show his confidence.plain of God.C.tell readers about his hardship.D.support his disbelief in God.34.What was Hawking most concerned about?A.Artificial intelligence will outsmart humans.B.Allen life will come to the earth some day.C.Technology will destroy the world.D.Human beings are not united.35.What did Hawking suggest human beings do?7A.Contact alien life.B.Explore the universe.C.Develop the earth.D.Respect artificial intelligence.第二节(共5小题;每小题2分,满分10分)根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
河南省郑州市第一中学2019_2020学年高二数学上学期第2次测试试题(含解析)
河南省郑州市第一中学2019-2020学年高二数学上学期第2次测试试题(含解析)一、选择题(共12×5=60分.每小题5分,在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的)1.已知数列{}n a 的前n 项和为n S ,当22n S n n =+时,45a a +=( ) A. 11 B. 20C. 33D. 35【答案】B 【解析】 【分析】由数列的性质可得4553a a S S +=-,计算可得到答案. 【详解】由题意,()455325109620a a S S +=-=+-+=. 故答案为B.【点睛】本题考查了数列的前n 项和n S 的性质,属于基础题.2.在ABC △中,a x =,2b =,45B ︒∠=,若三角形有两解,则x 的取值范围是( )A. (2,)+∞B. (2,C. (,2)-∞D. (2,【答案】B 【解析】 【分析】利用正弦定理得到sin 135)A A =︒<∠<︒,再画出图像得到答案.【详解】利用正弦定理:sin 135)sin sin a b A A A B =⇒=︒<∠<︒ 三角形有两解如图知:2sin 1222222A x <=<⇒<<故答案选B【点睛】本题考查了三角形解的个数问题,也可以利用画三角形根据边角关系得到答案.3.在ABC △中,角A ,B ,C 的对边分别为a ,b ,c ,若3b a =,4cos 5B =-,则sin A =( ) 3333 【答案】A 【解析】 【分析】根据4cos 5B =-得到3sin 5B =,再利用正弦定理得到sin 3sin B A =,计算得到答案.【详解】43cos sin 55B B =-⇒=利用正弦定理:33sin 3sin 5b a B A A =⇒=⇒= 故答案选A【点睛】本题考查了正弦定理,属于常考基础题型.4.已知数列{}n a 是首项为2,公差为4的等差数列,若2022k a =,则正整数k =( ) A. 504 B. 505C. 506D. 507【答案】C【解析】 【分析】先得到数列的通项公式为42n a n =-,再代入数据计算得到答案. 【详解】数列{}n a 是首项为2,公差为4的等差数列42n a n =-422022506k a k k =-=⇒=故答案选C【点睛】本题考查了等差数列的通项公式,属于简单题型.5.等比数列{}n a 的前n 项和为n S ,且14a , 22a , 3a 成等差数列,若11a =,则4s =( ) A. 7 B. 8C. 15D. 16【答案】C 【解析】 试题分析:由数列等比数列,且成等差数列,所以,即,因为,所以,解得:,根据等比数列前n 项和公式。
