英语基本句子结构及助动词
句子结构和分类完整版

英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解1.主语(subject): 句子说明的人或事物。
The sun rises in the east. (名词)He likes dancing. (代词)Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词) Seeing is believing. (动名词)To see is to believe. (不定式)What he needs is a book. (主语从句)It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. (It形式主语,主语从句是真正主语)2.谓语(predicate): 说明主语的动作、状态和特征,谓语由动词构成,分简单谓语和复合谓语。
①简单谓语----简单谓语由动词或动词词组组成。
We study English. He looked after two orphans.②复合谓语----复合谓语是由“情态动词或助动词+动词”构成,“连系动词+表语”也可构成复合谓语。
He can speak English very well./ The work must be done before three o’clock.He is watching TV now../ He seems unhappy.3.表语(predicative): 系动词之后的成分,表示主语的性质、状态和特征。
He is a teacher. (名词)Seventy-four! You don’t look it. (代词)Five and five is ten. (数词)He is asleep. (形容词)His father is in. (副词)The picture is on the wall. ( 介词短语)My watch is gone / missing / lost. (形容词化的分词)To wear a flower is to say “I’m poor, I can’t buy a ring. (不定式)The question is whether they will come(表语从句)(常见的系动词有: be, sound, look, feel,smell, taste, remain, feel ,keep,stay,turn,become,get,go,come…)It sounds a good idea. The sound sounds strange. Her voice sounds sweet.Tom looks thin. The food smells delicious. The food tastes good.4.宾语:1)动作的承受者-----动宾I like China. (名词)He hates you. (代词)How many do you need? We need two. (数词)We should help the old and the poor. I enjoy working with you. (动名词)I hope to see you again. (不定式)Did you write down what he said? (宾语从句)2)介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾Are you afraid of the snake? Under the snow, there are many rocks.3)双宾语-----间宾(指人)和直宾(指物)He gave me a book yesterday. Give the poor man some money.5.宾补:有些及物动词的宾语后需要添加部分内容对宾语进行补充说明,这部分内容为宾语补足语。
英语基本句子成分

句子成分:主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语等。
主要成分:主语和谓语1、主语一个句子中需要加以说明或描述的对象。
主语的位置:一般位于句首,由名词、代词、数词或相当于名词的词、短语等充当。
The school is far from here. 名词做主语She goes to school by bike. 代词做主语Eight is a lucky number. 数词做主语The blind need more help. 名词化的形容词做主语There is a pen on the desk. 名词做主语Predicting the future is interesting. 动名词做主语To be a doctor is my dream. 不定式短语做主语2、谓语表示人或事物(主语)的动作和存在的状态.英语中由动词be、动词have和行为动词来充当谓语动词句子的时态和语态是通过谓语表现出来。
谓语动词往往由一个或一个以上的助动词或情态动词加上主要动词构成。
分析句子的主语和谓语Mr. Li teaches English.He can play the piano.My parents and I are having dinner.3、表语用来说明主语的身份、特征、性质、状态。
表语的位置用在动词be和系动词的后面。
名词、代词、数词、介词短语、副词等都可以和连系动词一起构成复合谓语。
Your pen is on the desk.He got very angry.My dream is to have a robot.常见的系动词1. be动词2. 与感觉有关的动词look, sound, smell, taste, feel 等3. 表示状态变化的动词,意为“变得”“变成”如get, grow, turn等上述两类词作连系动词时要用形容词作表语,千万不能用副词。
4、宾语是动作的对象或承受者。
英语简单句(句子成分+5大基本句型+句子结构)

• 6.Many teachers live in another city. 主+谓
1. He likes eggs, but he doesn’t like chickens. 并列句 2. Work hard or you will fall behind. 并列句
4. ---__________ weather it is! We can’t go boating on the Xuanwu Lake.
---Don’t worry. Let’s go to the Science Museum instead. A. What a bad B. How bad C. What bad
选择疑问句中一般用or连接,回答时不能使用 yes或no,而要用一个完整的句子或省略形式。
① —Do you like apples or pears? ② —Which would you like better, tea or coffee?
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直击中考考点
◆反意疑问句
1. 反意疑问句的常见用法 (1) 反意疑问句遵循“前肯后否,前否后肯”的原则。
意为“某人也一样”, 是表示肯定的倒装。 Ou Baizi passed this English exam, so did I .
欧百子通过了这次英语考试,我也通过了。 2. 易混句式:so+主语+助动词/系动词/情态动词。
意为“确实是……”。
—Ouyang Xue dances very well.欧阳雪舞跳得很好。
英语句子成分及基本结构

宾语补足语(complement of object)
补充说明宾语的动作或状态。
宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。
I found the book interesting. Do you smell something burning? He made himself known to them. 宾语补足语 有些及物动词除了有一个直接宾语以外,还要有一个宾语补足语,说明宾语的身份和状态以补充其意义不足,使句子的意义完整。这类常用的及物动词有 : make, consider, cause, see, find, call, get, have, let. She asked me to lend her a hand.
㈡谓语 说明主语的动作、状态和特征
简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成
I saw the flag on the top of the hill?
He looked after two orphans.
复合谓语 由情态动词或助动词+动词;
He can speak English well.
She doesn’t seem to like dancing
I waited to see you. He often went to school by bus. His parents died, leaving him an orphan. Please call me if it is necessary. This book is very interesting. He went to school in spite of his illness.
Mike ate three apples.
英语句子的基本成分和句型

英语句子的基本成分和句型一、要弄清楚英语句子的结构,我们先要弄清楚组成一个句子的各个组成部分,即句子的成分:主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语的概念。
1、主语:是一个句子所要说明的人和事物,通常位于句首。
.My father likes to play football.Yangjiang is a beautiful city.2、谓语:说明主语的动作或状态的.谓语有两种形式:动词型和系表型He ofen watches TV at home..My room is big and clean.3、宾语:表示谓语所涉及的对象.一般跟在动词和介词后面。
I will write 100 books.He makes full use of his spare time to study.4、表语:连系动词后的句子成分,表示主语的状态和特征。
They are good students.Her mother looks very young.1)状态系动词, 如be.(am,is are,was,were,being,been)2)感官系动词, 如look,feel, smell, sound, taste。
3)变化系动词, 如become, grow, turn, fall, get, go。
4)持续系动词, 如keep, remain, stay。
5)表像系动词, 如seem, appear。
5、定语:它是用来限定或修饰名词或代词的.I have a new book.I want to tell you something important.6、状语:它是修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句用的。
The girl is walking slowly.These books are very useful./They worked rather hard.Fortunately,we passed the exam in the end.7、补语:补充说明句中的宾语的,(补语和宾语的关系等于谓语和主语的关系) He made me laugh.We should keep the classroom clean.8、同位语:把一个名词、代词或从句放在另一名词或代词后,用以说明前者的性质或情况,We Chinese people love peace.Miss Huang our English teacher is having a lesson.二、简单句的五种基本句型:1、主语+谓语(不及物动词)如:They are sleeping.The sun rises in the east.注意:不及物动词(vi)指意思完整,不需要或不能直接带宾语,若带宾语需加介词或副词。
英语句子结构详细讲解

英语句子结构详细讲解一.句子成分分析1.主语(subject)句子的主体,全句述说的对象。
一般由名词,代词,数词,不定式,动名词,从句担任,常置于句首。
(名词)(主格代词)(数词)(不定式)(动名词)(主语从句)2. 谓语(predicate)对主语加以陈述,表示主语的行为或状态,常用动词或者动词词组担任,放在主语的后面。
谓语分为简单谓语和复合谓语(1).简单谓语由一个动词或者动词短语构成at 6 o?clock.(动词)(动词短语)(2).复合谓语①由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成(情态动词+动词原形)She (助动词do+动词原形)(助动词has+动词原形)补充:协助主要动词构成谓语动词词组的词叫助动词(Auxiliary Verb)。
被协助的动词称作主要动词(Main Verb)。
最常用的助动词有:be, do, have, shall, will, should, would. 助动词自身没有词义,不可单独使用,例如:He doesn't like English. 他不喜欢英语。
(doesn't是助动词,无词义;like是主要动词,有词义)②由系动词加表语构成(即主系表结构)(状态系动词be+表语)(表象系动词look+表语)补充:系动词亦称联系动词(Link Verb),作为系动词。
有些不具词义;有些具有词义,但不能单独用作谓语,后边必须跟表语(亦称补语),构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。
1.状态系动词用来表示主语状态,只有be一词,例如:He is a teacher. 他是一名教师。
(is与补足语一起说明主语的身份。
)2.持续系动词用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度,主要有keep, rest, stay, lie, remain, 例如:He always kept silent at meeting. 他开会时总保持沉默。
This matter rests a mystery. 此事仍是一个谜。
英语语法基本句子成分和结构

第一讲英语基本句子成分和句子结构一、英语句子成分句子成分的定义:构成句子的各个部分叫句子成分。
句子成分有主要成分和次要成分,主要成分有主语和谓语,次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语和插入语。
1.主语:主语是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首。
但在there be结构、疑问句(当主语不是疑问词时)和倒装句中,主语位于谓语动词、助动词或情态动词后面。
主语可监词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。
例如:Tom is a good boy.(名词)We often speak English in class. (代词)One-third of the students in this class are girls.(数词)To swim in the river is a great pleasure. (不定式)Smoking does harm to the health. (动名词)The rich should help the poor.(名词化形容词)When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.(主语从句)It is necessary to master a foreign language. (it为形式主语,不定式为真实主语)2.谓语:谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。
动词在句中作谓语,一般放在主语之后。
谓语的构成如下:(1)简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成。
例如:He practices running every morning.(2)复合谓语:由(情态动词或其他助动词+动词原形)构成。
例如:You may keep the book for two weeks.He has caught a bad cold.We are having a quick breakfast.3.表语:表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态,它一般位于系动词(如be, keep, remain, become, get, grow, turn, look, seem, feel, smell, sound, taste 等)之后。
英语中助动词有哪些 有什么用法

英语中助动词有哪些有什么用法
协助主要动词构成谓语的词叫助动词,也叫辅助动词。
那幺,英语中助动词有哪些呢?下面和小编一起来看看吧!
1 英语中有哪些助动词半助动词
在功能上介于主动词和助动词之间的一类结构,称为半助动词。
常见的半助动词有:
be about to,be due to,be going to,be likely to,be meant to,
be obliged to,be supposed to,be willing to,have to,seem to,
be unable to,be unwilling to 等...
情态助动词
1.情态助动词包括will(would),shall(should),can(could),may(might),
must,need,dare,ought to,used to,had better,后接动词原形(原形
不定词)。
2.情态助动词没有主语是第三人称单数时,词尾加上s 的变形规则。
(如:She wills come here. 是错误的用法,will 后不需要加s。
She will come here.
为正确) 不受主语的人称和数的限制。
3.两个情态助动词不能连用。
基本助动词
基本助动词只有三个:be,do,have,它们没有词汇意义,只有语法作用,如协助构成进行体,完成体,被动态,否定句,疑问句等。
例如:
He is giving a lecture. 他在作报告。
He has made a plan. 他已经订了计划。
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公式和助动词
英语公式是由汉语基本结构(谁是什么;谁做什么)推导而来:主语 + Be + 其他;主语 + V + 其他
1. 公式一
1)主语 + Be + 其他
2)用法:汉语中无动作或者有“是”时,用公式一。
3)例句:This is a math book.
2. 公式二
1)主语 + V + 其他
2)用法:汉语句子中用动作时,用公式二。
3)例句:The garment makes the man.
3. 公式三
1)There be + 主语 + 介词短语(“就近原则”)
2)用法:汉语中表示“有”,且不用人作主语时,用公式三。
3)例句:There are 50 students in our classroom.
4. 四类助动词讲解
1)概念:帮助主要谓语动词构成时态、语态的词类。
2)分类:Be(be doing/ be done);do(强调、否定、疑问);have(完成);情态(情感、态度)
3)用法:助 + not = 否;助 + 主 = 疑问;助 + 频率副词 + V
4)例句:He is reading a book. He is not reading a book. Is he reading a book?
5)常用频率副词:always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, hardly ever, never
6)频率副词例句:He often goes to school on foot.。