Unit 2 辅音爆破音Consonant Stops
(完整word版)Chapter-2-Phonology-音系学(现代语言学)
Chapter 2 Phonology 音系学1.The phonic medium of language 语言的声音媒介Linguists are not interested in all sounds ；they are concerned with only those sounds that are produced by the human speech organs in so far as they have a role to play in linguistic communication .These sounds are limited in number .This limited range of sounds which are meaningful in human communication and are of interest to linguistic studies are the phonic medium of language ;and the individual sounds within this range are the speech sounds.语言学家也并不是对所有的声音感兴趣，他们只关注那些在语言交际中占有一席之地、由人类的发音器官所发出来的那些声音.这些声音在数量上是有限的。
这些范围有限,但对人类交际活动意义重大、对语言学研究价值不菲的声音就是语言的声音媒介，凡是在这个范围的每个单个的声音都叫做语音。
2.Phonetics 语音学2.1What is phonetics？什么是语音学？it is concerned with all the sound that occur in the world’s languages.它的主要研究对象是世界上所有的语言中出现过的一切声音。
These three branches of phonetics are labeled articulatory phonetics, auditory phonetics， and acoustic phonetics respectively。
辅音爆破音(课堂PPT)
一张色彩丰富的画 当心 一张黑色的书桌 看这只风筝 一只可爱的钟
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5、辅音 [k]
句子一口气快读练习：
Care killed a cat.
I like chocolate.
我忧喜能欢伤巧身克。力。
Practice makes perfect.
He was killed in a car accide熟n能t.生他巧死。于车祸。
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-What’s the date today? -December the fifteenth. The day after tomorrow is little Tom’s birthday. -Right. What present should we give him this time? By the way, how old is he?
枪，盯着那只肥鹅。
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-How do you do? I’m Parker. -How do you do, Mr. Baker. -Parker -Oh, Parker with a P. -Yes, with a P.
-Er…I’m Baker. -Baker? With a B. Of course. -Yes, with a B. -Won’t you come in, Mr. Baker. -Thank you, Mr. Parker.
bus
公共汽车 boat
box
盒子
build
bird 鸟
beach
船 建造 沙滩
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2、辅音 [b]
短语速读练习：
black and blue
青一块紫一块
bread and butter
黄油面包
英语语音教学辅音爆破音
[t]音的练习
Phrases: time table，from ten to ten, a tennis racket Tongue twister: This is a hat, that is a cap. This is a cat, that is a rat. The cat is in the hat, the rat is in the cap.
舌齿爆破辅音：[t] [d] 发音时舌尖抵上齿龈，憋住气，然后突然分开，使气流冲出口腔，发出爆破音。[t]是清辅音，发音时声带不振动。[d]是浊辅音，发音时声带振动。 taxi， teddy， time， too， toy，test, T-shirt， sweater，gently，visit，wait, wet，subject，elephant， light, fight letter, little bed，dad， need， deer，date，dip，dig，do， duck， add, middle, sudden
气流受阻 （从肺部呼出的气流在通过口 腔或鼻腔时遇到阻碍。）。
阻碍部分气流较紧张。
有清浊音之1
辅音音标[p] [b] [t] [d] [k] [g]练习
Consonants Stops
/b/--- Dialogue
“Barbara’s Birthday” Barbara: Hi, Bob! Bob: Hi, Barbara. You seem very happy. Barbara: (pause) Well… You know, today’s my birthday. Bob: ohቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ right. February 7th. Tour birthday! Happy birthday, Barbara! Barbara: Thanks, Bob. Look at this bracelet that Robin gave me. Isn’t it beautiful? Bob: oh, it is. That’s a beautiful blouse, too. You look good in blue. Was that a birthday present, too?
/t/--- Dialogue
Little girl: Could you tell me where the toy department is? Salesperson: Certainly. It’s up-stairs on the next floor. Tall man: I want to return this sweater. It’s too tight. Salesperson: The returns department is on the top floor, next to the cafeteria. Short woman: I want to buy some towels and sheets. Salesperson: Take the stairs down to the basement. Teenage boy: Where can I get a tennis rackets? Baseball bat? football? Salesperson: Try the sporting goods department, on the twelfth floor. Twins: Could you tell me the time, please? Salesperson: Yes. It’s exactly twenty-two minutes after ten.
爆破音教法及难点
Unit 2Consonants: Stops第2单元辅音: 塞音在这一单元，我们将学习英语的爆破音，也叫塞音。
决阻碍，爆破生音，因此叫爆破音。
英语的六个爆破音中：/p/和/b/的发音部位是双唇；/t/和/d/的发音部位是舌尖和齿龈；/k/和//发音时，则是用舌后部触软腭形成阻塞而爆破生音。
其中/p/，/t/和/k/是清辅音，因为发这三个音时声带无需振动。
相反的，/b/，/d/和//在发音时，声带振动，是浊辅音。
/p/和/b/当你发/p/和/b/两音时，双唇合拢而形成阻塞，然后让气流冲决阻碍，爆破生音。
这两个音可出现在词首、词中和词尾三个部位，/p/和/b/在不同的语音环境中有不同的变体：/p/的音位变体①/p/在词首且在重读音节中时，是送气音如poke；②当处于词尾时，可能失去爆破，如top tea；③在/s/后形成辅音连缀时，/p/在发音时不送气，如spot；④当两个/p/相邻时，无需产生两次爆破，而只是延长发音的时间，如stop Pete；⑤当/p/后紧跟着的是鼻音时，此时爆破不在口腔，而在鼻腔，就是我们通常说的“鼻腔爆破”，如Stop him；/b/的音位变体：①当处于词尾时，不完全爆破，如rob the man；②当两个[b]相邻时，无需产生爆破，只是延长发音时间，如rob Bob；③/b/在鼻音前时，爆破不在口腔，而在鼻腔，如rob him；/t/和/d//t/和/d/是齿龈爆破音. 发这两个音时，用舌尖抵齿龈成阻，让气流爆发而出。
/t/的音位变体①/t/在词首且在重读音节中时，是送气音如tape；②当处于词尾时，可能失去爆破，如sit still；③在/s/后形成辅音连缀时，/t/在发音时不送气，如stop；④当处于/ /之前时，呈齿音化发音，如eighth；⑤当/t/后紧跟着的是鼻音时，此时爆破不在口腔，而在鼻腔，就是我们通常说的“鼻腔爆破”，如button；⑥当处于两个元音之间时，/t/听起来近似闪音，如letter；⑦当/t/位于成音节/n/或/l/前时，便成了声门爆破音，如little；⑧当两个/t/相邻时，无需产生两次爆破，而只是延长发音的时间，如let Tim;⑨当处于辅音组合/tr/中时，发音兼具爆破与摩擦的特征，如train；/d/的音位变体：①当处于齿间音（如// //）之前时，呈齿音化发音，如width；②当处于词尾时，不完全爆破，如Dad said so.③当与/l/组合时，成为舌侧爆破音，如padlook；④/d/在鼻音前时，爆破不在口腔，而在鼻腔，如bread’n butter;⑤当两个/b/相邻时，无需产生爆破，只是延长发音时间，如sad Dave⑥当处于辅音组合/dr/之中时，发音兼具爆破和摩擦的特征，如drain。
语言学第二章chapter2电子教案
Language
Number of speakers
1. Chinese/Mandarin 1,300,000,000
Affricates VL
破擦音 VD w
Nasals
鼻音 VD p b
Liquids 流音 VD
f v θδ f v θδ
td
kg
s z ∫З
h
t∫ dЗ
n
η
I
r
j
td
kg
s z ∫З
h
Classification of vowels 元音分类
English vowels can be divided into two large categories:
The manner of articulation：
• Stops/plosives 爆破音: [p] [b] [t] [d] [k] [g] • Fricatives 摩擦音:[f] [v] [s] [z] [ʃ] [ʒ] [h] • Affricates 破擦音:[tʃ] [dʒ] • Liquids流音: [l] [r] • Nasals鼻音: [m] [n] [ŋ ] • glides/semivowels半元音: [j] [w]
The place of articulation：
• bilabial: [p], [b], [w] • labiodental :[f] [v] • dental: [θ] [ð] • alveolar: [t], [d], [s], [z], [n], [l], [r] • palatal: [ʃ] [ʒ] [tʃ] [dʒ] [j] • velar: [k], [g] • glottal: [h]
Chapter-2-Phonology-音系学(现代语言学)
Chapter 2 Phonology 音系学1.The phonic medium of language 语言的声音媒介Linguists are not interested in all sounds ；they are concerned with only those sounds that are produced by the human speech organs in so far as they have a role to play in linguistic communication .These sounds are limited in number .This limited range of sounds which are meaningful in human communication and are of interest to linguistic studies are the phonic medium of language ;and the individual sounds within this range are the speech sounds.语言学家也并不是对所有的声音感兴趣，他们只关注那些在语言交际中占有一席之地、由人类的发音器官所发出来的那些声音。
这些声音在数量上是有限的。
这些范围有限，但对人类交际活动意义重大、对语言学研究价值不菲的声音就是语言的声音媒介，凡是在这个范围的每个单个的声音都叫做语音。
2.Phonetics 语音学2.1What is phonetics? 什么是语音学？language; it is concerned with all the sound that occur in the world’s languages.上所有的语言中出现过的一切声音。
These three branches of phonetics are labeled articulatory phonetics, auditory phonetics, and acoustic phonetics respectively.语音学的三个分支分别被称为发音语音学，听觉语音学和声学语音学。
破擦音鼻辅音舌边音半元音发音规则及练习
/n/
given name kitchen garden brain drain young children national economy
/ŋ/
sing a song spring up old and young eating and drinking the wedding ring the swing dance
Sentences reading
Like knows like. All in all it was a pleasant trip. Let sleeping dogs lie. It is never too late to learn. Although we started late, we’ll soon catch up
半元音/w/
发音要领： 1. 舌后部向软腭抬起，双唇收得很圆很小，向前突
出。 2. 气流从唇间通过时声带振动。 3. 发音时像/u:/音，但非常短，然后就向后面接续的
因素滑动。 4. 半元音不同于元音，它不能单独成音，不能延长。
但它可以和前边的辅音拼读在一起，又可以像辅音一 样和后边的元音拼读在一起。如“quick”/kwik/。
Jack is eating a peach near the church. Children need models more than they need
critics. How about you?
破擦辅音/ tr/和/dr/
发音要领：
舌身做出发/r/音的口型，舌尖上翘贴在齿龈后部。 气流冲破这个阻碍，发出短促的/t/后接/r/音。 双唇收圆，向前稍微突出。 /tr/是清辅音，声带不振动。 /dr/是浊辅音，声带振动。
/ts/
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Different positions of B in words
B appear in initial word—book,black B appear in middle word—handbag,hobby B appear in last word—rob, Bob
Exercise： 1.Both of them live abroad before the baby was born. 2.Bill was beaten black and blue by a bad boy with a bag on his back
How many pairs of stops in English?
Consonants Chart
无声的
双唇音
爆破音
送气的
Different positions of P in words
P appear in initial word----pat/paper/piece P appear in the middle word---open/apple P appear in word final： 1.Put the pens and pencils by the parcel on a piece of paper. 2.The publisher is printing the papers for the reading public in Paris
Watch the video and practice the following words again. came game back bag cage gauge calories ['kæləriz] galleries ['gæləriz] Glue clue Ghost coast
• 注意：[t]，[p] [k]在s后面在读的时候要由清辅音 变浊辅音[d]，[b]， [g],举个“栗子” stop、stand spread、special skill、sky
Dialogue 1
Mr. Chapman: (emptying the plastic bag) Here’s a newspaper, an apple, a pear, a plastic cup, a spoon, some paper plates, a piece of pie, some pepper, some presents. Mrs. Chapman: Oh, stop pulling everything out of the plastic bag, Peter. These people are getting impatient. Mr. Chapman: Well, help me, Pam. Mrs. Chapman: We’ve lost our passports. Perhaps we dropped them on the plane.
Dialogue 4
Debbie: Hello. Donald: Hello, Debbie? This is Donald. Debbie: Oh, hi, Donald. Donald: What happened yesterday? You forgot our date, didn’t you? Debbie: Well, it rained hard all day and I had a bad cold, so I decided to stay home. Donald: You did? But I tried to call you at least twenty times and nobody answered. Debbie: Oh, the telephone lines were damaged by the storm. They repaired them today.
What are stop consonants?
The stop consonants are made by completely stopping the airflow at some point in the mouth and then, for most productions, releasing it into the sound that follows. 爆破音是由在口腔中发音器官中的某部位对气 流形成阻塞，气流从口腔中冲破阻碍爆破而成， 其特点是一发即止，不能拖音。
• g appear in initial word—grapes,goat,golf • g appear in middle word— England,beginning • g appear in last word—flag,glad,garden
More exercise: 1. I had a great time. It will be good to see them again. 2. Let’s go and get the gloves for the goalkeeper.
More exercise: 1. Last week Karl asked the carpenter to make a desk for his cousin Kate. 2. The country cook could keep his coat clean in making cookies for the king and queen
Unit 2 Consonants: Stops
Let’s play a game
游戏规则：大家要在一分钟之内，回答老师问题的同时用气息将纸片吹起，问题
答案包含爆破音。
1.你最喜欢的水果是什么？ 苹果，葡萄 2.你最喜欢的动作是什么？ 踏步 3. 你最喜欢什么动物？ 豹子 4.如果你整容不小心会and practice the following words again： pack back punch bunch pump bump pull bull bare pair cab cap symbol simple
Different positions of t in words
Dialogue 5
Cathy: Where will the cooking contest be held? Cody: It will be held at the car park which is near the bridge that crosses the stream. Cathy: How much will the contest cost to enter? Cody: I am not sure, why don’t you read the invitation card? Cathy: Okay. Why don’t we get our coats now and get a cup of coffee before we go?
Dialogue 6 Craig: I just got a telegram from Margaret and Greg. Gloria: Are they coming to Chicago again? Craig: Yes. They’re coming at the beginning of August. Gloria: Oh, good! We can all get together again. Craig: I’m glad they’re coming in August. Maybe Greg and I can play some golf or get tickets to a baseball game. Gloria: And Margaret and I can take the dog and go jogging in the park.
Practice makes perfect!
Listening and Speaking Exercises(Page16— 19)
• Listening---checking • Listening---Discrimination • Listening---Sounds for Information
• t appear in initial word—top, town, tower • t appear in middle word—stop, letter • t appear in last word—let, get
More exercise: 1.It isn’t twenty to two. It’s twenty past two exactly. 2.Tom ought to try to take his test at the right time.
Watch the video and practice the following words again： tin din to do town down eight aid bet bed doom tomb medal metal heard hurt
软腭
爆破音
• k appear in initial word—keep, keen,cousin • k appear in middle word— sky,cookies • k appear in last word—take,clock,week
Dialogue 2
Barbara: Hi, Bob! Bob: Hi, Barbara. You seem very happy. Barbara: (pause) Well… You know, today’s my birthday. Bob: oh, right. February 7th. Happy birthday, Barbara! Barbara: Thanks, Bob. Look at this bracelet that Robin gave me. Isn’t it beautiful? Bob: oh, it is. That’s a beautiful blouse, too. You look good in blue. Was that a birthday present, too?