Lesson Love is a Fallacy PPT
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高级英语完整 Love is a Fallacyppt课件
.
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6) Poisoning the Well （井中投毒）
Speaking “against the man”
rather than to issue, or the fallacy
of Poisoning the Well in the text
where the premises mayቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱonly make
.
5
Teaching Methods
1. Teacher-oriented teaching method 2. Student-oriented teaching method 3. The elicited method
.
6
Teaching Procedure
Ⅰ. Introductory Remarks Ⅱ. Background Information Ⅲ. Learning Focus Ⅳ. Key words and Expressions Ⅴ. Explanation of the Text
generically incorrect reasoning
The fallacies mentioned in the text are material fallacies:
.
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1. Dicto Simpliciter 绝对判断
（Fallacy of Accident ）
An argument based on an unqualified generalization. The argument applies a general rule to a particular case in which some special circumstances makes the rule inapplicable.
love-is-a-fallacy(英语修辞与写作-lecture-6-1)PPT课件
7. We should discount what Premier Klein says about taxation because he won’t be hurt by the increase.
8. A society is free if and only if liberty is maximized and people are required to take responsibility for their actions.
10. Understatement (It must not be thought
that I was without lo.ve for this girl.)
6
Logical fallacies in the story
▪ Dicto Simpliciter ▪ Hasty generalization ▪ Post hoc ▪ Contradictory premises ▪ Ad Misericordiam (Appeal to pity) ▪ False analogy ▪ Hypothesis contrary to fact ▪ Poisoning the well (Ad Hominem)
9. Analogy (It was like digging a tunnel. At first, everything was work, sweat, and darkness. … But I persisted. I pounded and clawed and scraped, and finally I was rewarded. I saw a chink of light. And then the chink got bigger and the sun came pouring in and all was bright.)
8. A society is free if and only if liberty is maximized and people are required to take responsibility for their actions.
10. Understatement (It must not be thought
that I was without lo.ve for this girl.)
6
Logical fallacies in the story
▪ Dicto Simpliciter ▪ Hasty generalization ▪ Post hoc ▪ Contradictory premises ▪ Ad Misericordiam (Appeal to pity) ▪ False analogy ▪ Hypothesis contrary to fact ▪ Poisoning the well (Ad Hominem)
9. Analogy (It was like digging a tunnel. At first, everything was work, sweat, and darkness. … But I persisted. I pounded and clawed and scraped, and finally I was rewarded. I saw a chink of light. And then the chink got bigger and the sun came pouring in and all was bright.)
LOVE IS A FALLACY PPT
I consult my watch : I looked at my watch to see what time it is . Consult: to refer to or turn to , especially for information. Call it a night : (colloquial) to stop working for the night; also “call it a day” I deposited…dormitory : I took her back and left her at the girls’ dormitory.
e.g.：Think of all the poor, starving African children! How could rich countries be so cruel as not to help them? 点评：抒情是不能当作论证的。
I fought …despair: I struggled to keep away the feeling of despair. Get nowhere: to make no progress; accomplish nothing. I am nothing …persistent: a case of a double negative making a positive , I am very persistent. Next comes Post Hoc: Next comes the logical fallacy called Post Hoc.
Admittedly …hope: one must admit the outcome does not look very hopeful. Admitted(公认地、诚然): by admission or general agreement ; confessedly Prospect: something hoped for or expected Fraught : filled ,charged ,or loaded.
高级英语Love-is-a-Fallacyppt课件
12
About the text
• The text is excerpted from The Many loves of Dobbie Gillis by Max Shulman. It is a piece of narrative writing.
13
• The narrator of the story, Dobie Gillis, a self-conceited freshman in a school struggles against Petey Burch, his
25
4) False Analogy “It doe not follow” arises when there is not
even a deceptively plausible appearance of valid reasoning, because the given premises have virtually nothing to do with the conclusion drawn from them.
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6) Poisoning the Well （井中投毒） Speaking “against the man” rather than to
issue, or the fallacy of Poisoning the Well in the text where the premises may only make a personal attack on a person holding some thesis rather than offer grounds showing why what he says is false.
26
5） Hypothesis Contrary to Fact The fallacy of many questions consists in
About the text
• The text is excerpted from The Many loves of Dobbie Gillis by Max Shulman. It is a piece of narrative writing.
13
• The narrator of the story, Dobie Gillis, a self-conceited freshman in a school struggles against Petey Burch, his
25
4) False Analogy “It doe not follow” arises when there is not
even a deceptively plausible appearance of valid reasoning, because the given premises have virtually nothing to do with the conclusion drawn from them.
27
6) Poisoning the Well （井中投毒） Speaking “against the man” rather than to
issue, or the fallacy of Poisoning the Well in the text where the premises may only make a personal attack on a person holding some thesis rather than offer grounds showing why what he says is false.
26
5） Hypothesis Contrary to Fact The fallacy of many questions consists in
love is a fallacy (课堂PPT)
1
MAX SHULMAN
LOVE IS A FALLACY
CONTENTS
Max Shulman
1
Biography
Background Information
1
Supplementary information
2
Detailed study of Pragraph1-4
3
About love and fallacy
more…
3
Max Shulman
Max Shulman first delved into the world of writing as a journalism student at the University of Minnesota. Shulman was the author of several fairly well-received novels, including Rally Round the Flag, Boys! and Sleep Till Noon. He was also a co-writer, with Robert Paul Smith, of the long-running Broadway play, The Tender Trap, starring Robert Preston, which was later made into a successful movie. However, he is probably best remembered for his creation of the character "Dobie Gillis", who was the subject of a series of short stories compiled under the title, The Many Loves of Dobie Gillis, which became the basis for a CBS television series of the same name, and had previously been the subject of a film, The Affairs of Dobie Gillis (1953)
MAX SHULMAN
LOVE IS A FALLACY
CONTENTS
Max Shulman
1
Biography
Background Information
1
Supplementary information
2
Detailed study of Pragraph1-4
3
About love and fallacy
more…
3
Max Shulman
Max Shulman first delved into the world of writing as a journalism student at the University of Minnesota. Shulman was the author of several fairly well-received novels, including Rally Round the Flag, Boys! and Sleep Till Noon. He was also a co-writer, with Robert Paul Smith, of the long-running Broadway play, The Tender Trap, starring Robert Preston, which was later made into a successful movie. However, he is probably best remembered for his creation of the character "Dobie Gillis", who was the subject of a series of short stories compiled under the title, The Many Loves of Dobie Gillis, which became the basis for a CBS television series of the same name, and had previously been the subject of a film, The Affairs of Dobie Gillis (1953)
love is a fallacy爱情是谬误 ppt课件
Dobie Gillis, as well as for best-selling novels. His
writing often focused on young people, particularly
in a collegiate setting.
Shulman works include the novels Rally Round
a Hepprt课o件(1953)
2
Author
Max Shulman (March 14, 1919–August 28,
1988) is a 20th century American writer best
known for his television and short story character
may take, which forms are valid, and which are
fallacies. But this is a rough definition, because
how logic should be properly defined is actually
quite a controversial matter.
of the 75th anniversary（周年） of the
invention of the light bulb by Thomas A.
Edison.
ppt课件
5
Charles Lamb (1775-1834)
English essayist and critic.
Thomas Carlyle ( 1795-1881) English author, Scottish writer.
love is a fallacy 课件最终版
Not intelligent.
My roommate
I
Want the girl Have a raccoon
Want a raccoon Have the girl
My roommate’s girlfriend
Get the girl
Get the raccoon
Taught her a lot of things to make her clever enough for him.
10. Understatement (It must not be thought that I was without love for this girl.)
一生至少该有一次为了某个人而忘了自己不求有结果不求同行不求曾经拥有甚至不求你爱我只求在我最美的年华里遇到你
Definition of love
• n, a strong feeling of
liking someone a lot combined with sexual attraction
• v, to have a strong
Available
Writing Style
Max Shulman has a good style. The story goes forward at a fast pace with racy dialogues full of American colloquialism and slang. He employs a whole variety of writing techniques to make his story vivid. He use ultra learned terms to reveal the conceit of the narrator and clipped vulgar forms to illustrate Polly Espy’s limited intellectual capability. He also use figurative language profusely and inversion for emphasis. The speed of the narration is maintained by the use of short sentences, elliptical sentences and dashes throughout the story. The combination of all these help to make the story realistic, as one would expect a freshman to talk like that.
My roommate
I
Want the girl Have a raccoon
Want a raccoon Have the girl
My roommate’s girlfriend
Get the girl
Get the raccoon
Taught her a lot of things to make her clever enough for him.
10. Understatement (It must not be thought that I was without love for this girl.)
一生至少该有一次为了某个人而忘了自己不求有结果不求同行不求曾经拥有甚至不求你爱我只求在我最美的年华里遇到你
Definition of love
• n, a strong feeling of
liking someone a lot combined with sexual attraction
• v, to have a strong
Available
Writing Style
Max Shulman has a good style. The story goes forward at a fast pace with racy dialogues full of American colloquialism and slang. He employs a whole variety of writing techniques to make his story vivid. He use ultra learned terms to reveal the conceit of the narrator and clipped vulgar forms to illustrate Polly Espy’s limited intellectual capability. He also use figurative language profusely and inversion for emphasis. The speed of the narration is maintained by the use of short sentences, elliptical sentences and dashes throughout the story. The combination of all these help to make the story realistic, as one would expect a freshman to talk like that.
高级英语下册Unit 5 Love is a fallacy-课件.ppt
❖ Questions for Group 3 ( paras. 28—59)
1. Notice a lot of American colloquial and slangy expressions used in this part identify them and explain them?
downgrading of his roommates. ❖ Part 3: (Paras. 6—59) ❖ Narrator’s deal with Petey Burch. ❖ Part 4 : (Paras 60—154) ❖ Narrator’s dates with Polly.
Questions for Discussion
11.How does Petey look like in the raccoon coat?
4.Identify the figures of speech in the sentence ‘I said with a mysterious wink’?
5.What was Petey’s response to the raccoon coat that the narrator showed him?
13.How do you understand ‘ pin-up proportions’?
14.What impression do you get about the girl? Notice the three noun phrases the writer uses to describe her.
The Structure of the Text
❖ Part 1 : (Paras.1—3) ❖ The author's note--- preparations for his essay. ❖ Part2 : (Paras. 4—5) ❖ Narrator’s boasting of himself and
love is a fallacy爱情是谬误 ppt课件
ppt课件
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Questions on the text
• What’s the main idea of the text? • What is the purpose of this story?
• 6.False Analogy (错误对比)
• The bird’s nest is made by bird , so the bullpen is also made by cow.
ppt课件
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• 7.Hypothesis Contrary to Fact (违背事实)
• Pointing to the deer, intentionally say horse
writing often focused on young people, particularly
in a collegiate setting.
Shulman works include the novels Rally Round
the Flag, Boys! and Sleep Till Noon. He was also
may take, which forms are valid, and which are
fallacies. But this is a rough definition, because
how logic should be properly defined is actually
quite a controversial matter.
• 8.Poisoning the Well (井中投毒)
• You are told, prior to meeting him, that your friend‘s boyfriend is a decadent(颓废 的) wastrel(废物). When you meet him, everything you hear him say is tainted(污 染的).
高级英语第五课love is a fallacy ppt课件
film, Light's Golden Jubilee, had been 25 years before
After his success with the Gillis character, Shulman continued to write. His humor column, "On Campus," was syndicated in over 350 collegiate newspapers at one point. A later novel, Anyone Got a Match?, satirized both the television and tobacco industries, as well as the South and college football. His last major successful project was his work on House Calls, which began as a 1978 movie based on one of his stories which starred Walter Matthau and Glenda Jackson, and later became a television series (1979–1981) starring Wayne Rogers and Lynn Redgrave in the same roles, for which he was the lead writer.
'round the Flag, Boys!, The Tender Trap ▪ First Major Screen Credit: Half a Hero (1953)
精品资料
After his success with the Gillis character, Shulman continued to write. His humor column, "On Campus," was syndicated in over 350 collegiate newspapers at one point. A later novel, Anyone Got a Match?, satirized both the television and tobacco industries, as well as the South and college football. His last major successful project was his work on House Calls, which began as a 1978 movie based on one of his stories which starred Walter Matthau and Glenda Jackson, and later became a television series (1979–1981) starring Wayne Rogers and Lynn Redgrave in the same roles, for which he was the lead writer.
'round the Flag, Boys!, The Tender Trap ▪ First Major Screen Credit: Half a Hero (1953)
精品资料
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“After this, therefore because of this"
"The last five times that I've worn my white pants, something depressing has happened. I'm not going to wear those pants again!"
16
2. Logical Fallacy
The conclusion is said to be drawn, or inferred, from the premises. An argument is deductively valid（演绎的有效性） when its premises provide conclusive evidence for the conclusion. An argument that fails to be conclusively deduced is invalid; it is said to be fallacious.
12
Thomas Carlyle ( 1795-1881)
Carlyle developed a peculiar style of his own which was called --- “Carlyese” “Carlylism”卡莱尔风格
Style -- a compound of
biblical phrases colloquialisms Teutonic （条顿的，日尔曼的）twists his own coining arranged in unexpected sequences.
"Look at this fourteen-year-old child who's run away from home to hide her shame-- pregnant, unwashed, friendless. penniless, at the mercy of our social service agencies. Can you till claim that sex should be taught in the classroom?"
4
II Background Knowledge
1. Max Shulman (March 14, 1919–August 28, 1988) a writer in the early '40s as one of America’s best-known humorists. Lots of his novels were adapted to the screen.
5
1. Max Shulman
.Best remembered for creating the popular character Dobie Gillis, a typical American teen who frequently suffered from romantic angst(担忧）. The character appeared on a popular television sitcom （situation comedy) during the '50s and was in a feature film in 1953.
with an assumption that is false. Not "everyone" wants to get married.
19
Hasty Generalization（草率结论）
"Mr Wang's handwriting is terrible. Mr. Hu's handwriting is also terrible and you know how terrible men's handwriting is ."
--- It applies a special case to general rule. That fact that certain person's handwriting is bad doesn't imply that all men‘s handwriting is bad.
20
Post hoc, ergo propter hoc –（牵强附 会）
support of some thesis or conclusion. An argument has two components: a conclusion, the thesis argued for; and certain premises（前提）, the considerations adduced（引用） on behalf of the conclusion.
3
Time allocation
Terms in logic (15 min.) Detailed study of the text (210 min.) Structure analysis (15 min.) Language appreciation (15 min.) Exercise (25 min.)
11
Thomas Carlyle ( 1795-1881)
He produced Sartor Resartus (裁缝）1833-34, the book in which he first developed his characteristic style and thought. This book is a veiled Sardonic (scornful 挖苦的) attack upon the shams(欺骗） and pretences of society, upon hollow rank, hollow officialism, hollow custom, out of which life and usefulness have departed.
--- The analogy is false because the two items don't have strong enough similarities to predict that what happens in one will happen in the other.
22
Ad misericordian (an appeal to pity) (文不 对题)
13
John Ruskin -- (1819-1900)
English critic and social theorist a writer on art and architecture In his later writings he attacked social and economic problems
17
2. Logical Fallacy
Fallacies are divided into eight groups: 1.Dicto Simpliciter (绝对判断)(Para. 66) 2. Hasty Generalization (草率结论)(Para. 72) 3. Post Hoc (牵强附会) )(Para.77) 4. Contradictory Premises (矛盾前提）（Para.83） 5. Ad Misericordiam(文不对题)（Para.96） 6. False Analogy (错误类比) 7.Hypothesis Contrary to Facts(与事实相反的假设）
"Tales from Shakespeare" "Specimens of English Dramatic Poets"
9
大家应该也有点累了，稍作休息
大家有疑问的，可以询问和交流
10
Thomas Carlyle ( 1795-1881)
English author, Scottish writer He influenced social thinking about the new industrial working class through his essay "Chartism" and his book “The Present and the Past”. He is best known for his epic history of “The French Revolution”( 1837 )and his lectures “On Heroes and Hero-Workshop” (1841)
The text is from The Many Loves of Dobie Gillies which was a popular TV play.
6
The Many Loves of Dobie Gillies
7
The Many Loves of Dobie Gillies
8
Charles Lamb (1775-1834)
-- This fallacy assumes that if event Y happened after event X, then X must be the cause of Y.
21
False Analogy（错误类比）
"High school should not require a freshman writing course . Harvard doesn't require a freshman writing course, and the students get along fine without it".
Modern Painters The Stones of Venice The Seven Lamps of Architecture Time and Tide
"The last five times that I've worn my white pants, something depressing has happened. I'm not going to wear those pants again!"
16
2. Logical Fallacy
The conclusion is said to be drawn, or inferred, from the premises. An argument is deductively valid（演绎的有效性） when its premises provide conclusive evidence for the conclusion. An argument that fails to be conclusively deduced is invalid; it is said to be fallacious.
12
Thomas Carlyle ( 1795-1881)
Carlyle developed a peculiar style of his own which was called --- “Carlyese” “Carlylism”卡莱尔风格
Style -- a compound of
biblical phrases colloquialisms Teutonic （条顿的，日尔曼的）twists his own coining arranged in unexpected sequences.
"Look at this fourteen-year-old child who's run away from home to hide her shame-- pregnant, unwashed, friendless. penniless, at the mercy of our social service agencies. Can you till claim that sex should be taught in the classroom?"
4
II Background Knowledge
1. Max Shulman (March 14, 1919–August 28, 1988) a writer in the early '40s as one of America’s best-known humorists. Lots of his novels were adapted to the screen.
5
1. Max Shulman
.Best remembered for creating the popular character Dobie Gillis, a typical American teen who frequently suffered from romantic angst(担忧）. The character appeared on a popular television sitcom （situation comedy) during the '50s and was in a feature film in 1953.
with an assumption that is false. Not "everyone" wants to get married.
19
Hasty Generalization（草率结论）
"Mr Wang's handwriting is terrible. Mr. Hu's handwriting is also terrible and you know how terrible men's handwriting is ."
--- It applies a special case to general rule. That fact that certain person's handwriting is bad doesn't imply that all men‘s handwriting is bad.
20
Post hoc, ergo propter hoc –（牵强附 会）
support of some thesis or conclusion. An argument has two components: a conclusion, the thesis argued for; and certain premises（前提）, the considerations adduced（引用） on behalf of the conclusion.
3
Time allocation
Terms in logic (15 min.) Detailed study of the text (210 min.) Structure analysis (15 min.) Language appreciation (15 min.) Exercise (25 min.)
11
Thomas Carlyle ( 1795-1881)
He produced Sartor Resartus (裁缝）1833-34, the book in which he first developed his characteristic style and thought. This book is a veiled Sardonic (scornful 挖苦的) attack upon the shams(欺骗） and pretences of society, upon hollow rank, hollow officialism, hollow custom, out of which life and usefulness have departed.
--- The analogy is false because the two items don't have strong enough similarities to predict that what happens in one will happen in the other.
22
Ad misericordian (an appeal to pity) (文不 对题)
13
John Ruskin -- (1819-1900)
English critic and social theorist a writer on art and architecture In his later writings he attacked social and economic problems
17
2. Logical Fallacy
Fallacies are divided into eight groups: 1.Dicto Simpliciter (绝对判断)(Para. 66) 2. Hasty Generalization (草率结论)(Para. 72) 3. Post Hoc (牵强附会) )(Para.77) 4. Contradictory Premises (矛盾前提）（Para.83） 5. Ad Misericordiam(文不对题)（Para.96） 6. False Analogy (错误类比) 7.Hypothesis Contrary to Facts(与事实相反的假设）
"Tales from Shakespeare" "Specimens of English Dramatic Poets"
9
大家应该也有点累了，稍作休息
大家有疑问的，可以询问和交流
10
Thomas Carlyle ( 1795-1881)
English author, Scottish writer He influenced social thinking about the new industrial working class through his essay "Chartism" and his book “The Present and the Past”. He is best known for his epic history of “The French Revolution”( 1837 )and his lectures “On Heroes and Hero-Workshop” (1841)
The text is from The Many Loves of Dobie Gillies which was a popular TV play.
6
The Many Loves of Dobie Gillies
7
The Many Loves of Dobie Gillies
8
Charles Lamb (1775-1834)
-- This fallacy assumes that if event Y happened after event X, then X must be the cause of Y.
21
False Analogy（错误类比）
"High school should not require a freshman writing course . Harvard doesn't require a freshman writing course, and the students get along fine without it".
Modern Painters The Stones of Venice The Seven Lamps of Architecture Time and Tide