英汉翻译课件1

The general survey of translation
Brief introduction to China’s translation history (four waves) Definitions of translation Classification of translation Prerequisites （必备条件）for translators 必备条件）
Brief introduction to China’s translation history (the Third wave)
The third wave started in the mid 19th century and ended after the May 4th Movement. activity in the third wave was focused on works of social and military sciences. However, towards the end of the 19th century, literary translation began to flourish.
Brief introduction to China’s translation history (the Second wave)
The second wave began in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties around the 17th century when Jesuit missionaries（耶稣传 （ 教士） 教士） from the West came to China to spread Catholicism and teach science. This period lasted for a span of about 200 years.
Brief introduction to China’s translation history (the First wave)
The most notable monastic translators of this period included An Shi-gao（安世高） （安世高） (active between 148-170), Dharmaraksa 达摩） （达摩）(232-309), Dao An（道安） (312 or （道安） 314-385), Kumarajiva（鸠摩罗什）(350（鸠摩罗什） 409), Hsuan-tsang（玄奘） (600-664) , （玄奘） among others.
为她实至名归。 为她实至名归。
1.He would be the last man we could turn to for help. (decision of meanings of words) 2. Next to no wife, good wife is best. (knowledge about idioms)
A Course in English-Chinese Translation
A General Survey to Translation
Warming-up Exercises:
1.He would be the last man we could turn to for help. 2. Next to no wife, good wife is best. 3. Half of the prize money he spent, and the rest was laid aside for a rainy day. 4. John does not work hard because he wants to earn money. 5. I always like to say the nicest about her and she deserves them. 我对她赞美有佳，因 我对她赞美有佳，
Brief introduction to China’s translation history (the First wave)
The first wave of translation in China’s history began with the introduction of Buddhism（佛教） into the country in （佛教） the Six Dynasties (222-589) when Buddhist monks set about translating classics of Buddhism into Chinese. This first wave of translation activities lasted into the Tang (618-907) and Song (960-1279) Dynasties.
Definitions of translation
by American Translation Theorist Eugene A. Nida —尤金 奈达 in late 1960s: 尤金·奈达 尤金 Translation consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source language, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style. 翻译, 翻译 是在译语中用切近而又最自然的对等语 再现原语的信息。首先是意义, 其次是文体。 再现原语的信息。首先是意义 其次是文体。
Brief introduction to China’s translation history (the Fourth wave)
In this period, many famous translators appeared. Lu Xun, the distinguished writer and translator, has introduced many literary works, such as “ 毁灭” “死 毁灭” 魂灵” 魂灵”, etc. Another was Zhu Shenghao(朱生豪 a 朱生豪), 朱生豪 well-known translator of Shakespeare's works.
3. Half of the prize money he spent, and the rest was laid aside for a rainy day. (literal or free )
4. John does not work hard because he wants to earn money. (special negative sentences) 5. I always like to say the nicest things about her and she deserves them. (diction)
Brief introduction to China’s translation history (the Second wave)
It was an age when science was gaining importance in the Western world. The most remarkable achievements during these two centuries were the introduction of such basic sciences as mathematics, geometry（几何学） and （几何学） astronomy（天文学 （天文学）
Examples: Translation improvement
1) The motor did not stop running because the fuel was finished. 马达没有停止转动，因为燃料用完了。 马达没有停止转动，因为燃料用完了。 2) My daughter is very dear to me. 我女儿对我很亲。 我女儿对我很亲。 3) I doubt whether he likes this book. 我怀疑他喜欢这本书。 我怀疑他喜欢这本书。 4) I doubt whether he does not like this book. 我怀疑他不喜欢这本书。
Brief introduction to China’s translation history (the fourth wave)
The fourth wave of translation activity began after the May 4th Movement, was characterized by the translation of Marxist classics and proletariat（无产阶级） （无产阶级） literary works. This wave was once interrupted by the outbreak of the Cultural Revolution, but resumed its momentum in the late 1970s.
Definitions of translation
By Chinese scholars 1. 唐朝 唐朝(618-907)贾公彦《义疏》“译即易， 贾公彦《 译即易， 贾公彦 义疏》 译即易 为换易言语使相解也” 为换易言语使相解也” 2. 宋代 宋代(960-1279)法云 法云(1088-1158)《翻译 法云 《 名义集》 夫翻译者 夫翻译者， 名义集》“夫翻译者，谓翻梵天之语 (sanskrit)转成汉地之言。音虽似别，义则 转成汉地之言。 转成汉地之言 音虽似别， 大同.” 大同