中国历史(英文)History of China
中国历史文化英文介绍
中国历史文化英文介绍Chinese history and culture are rich and diverse, spanning thousands of years and encompassing a wide range of dynasties, traditions, and customs. The history of China can be traced back to ancient times, with significant developments in areas such as philosophy, art, literature, and technology. The Chinese civilization has made remarkable contributions to the world, including the invention of paper, gunpowder, and the compass.One of the most notable aspects of Chinese history is the long line of dynasties that ruled the country, each leaving a unique mark on the culture and society. From the Xia, Shang, and Zhou dynasties to the Han, Tang, and Ming dynasties, China's history is marked by periods of great prosperity, innovation, and artistic achievement.Chinese culture is also characterized by its rich traditions, including Confucianism, Taoism, and Buddhism, which have had a profound influence on the country's valuesand social structure. Traditional Chinese art, such as calligraphy, painting, and poetry, reflects the beauty and elegance of Chinese aesthetics. Additionally, Chinese cuisine, with its diverse flavors and regional specialties, is renowned around the world.The Great Wall, the Forbidden City, the Terracotta Army, and the Silk Road are just a few examples of China'scultural and historical landmarks that continue tocaptivate people from all over the globe. Overall, Chinese history and culture are a testament to the enduring legacyof one of the world's oldest civilizations.。
中国历史英语作文
中国历史英语作文Chinese History。
China, with a history of over 5,000 years, is one of the world's oldest civilizations. Its history is rich and diverse, encompassing a vast array of dynasties, emperors, wars, and cultural achievements. From the ancient Xia and Shang dynasties to the modern People's Republic of China, the country has undergone numerous changes and developments, shaping the world as we know it today.The earliest known civilization in China is the Xia Dynasty, which is believed to have existed around 2,000 BCE. This was followed by the Shang Dynasty, which is known for its advanced bronze technology and sophisticated writing system. The Zhou Dynasty, which succeeded the Shang Dynasty, is often considered the golden age of Chinese civilization, with significant developments in philosophy, literature, and art.One of the most famous periods in Chinese history is the Qin Dynasty, which is known for the construction of the Great Wall of China and the first unification of the country under Emperor Qin Shi Huang. The Han Dynasty, which followed the Qin Dynasty, is often regarded as a time of great prosperity and cultural achievement, with advancements in science, medicine, and the arts.The Tang Dynasty is considered the pinnacle of Chinese civilization, with significant developments in poetry, painting, and calligraphy. It was also a time of great economic prosperity and international trade, with the famous Silk Road connecting China to the rest of the world. The Song Dynasty, which succeeded the Tang Dynasty, is known for its advancements in technology, including the invention of gunpowder, printing, and paper money.The Yuan Dynasty, established by the Mongol leader Kublai Khan, marked a period of foreign rule in China, with significant cultural and political changes. The Ming Dynasty, which succeeded the Yuan Dynasty, is known for its construction of the Forbidden City and the voyages of the famous explorer Zheng He. The Qing Dynasty,which followed the Ming Dynasty, was the last imperial dynasty of China, ruling for over 200 years until the establishment of the Republic of China in 1912.In the 20th century, China underwent significant political and social changes, including the Chinese Civil War, the establishment of the People's Republic of China, and the Cultural Revolution. Today, China is a global superpower, with a rich cultural heritage and a rapidly growing economy.In conclusion, Chinese history is a fascinating and complex tapestry of dynasties, emperors, and cultural achievements. From the ancient civilizations of the Xia and Shang dynasties to the modern era of the People's Republic of China, the country has undergone numerous changes and developments, shaping the world as we know it today. Its rich history continues to influence the world in countless ways, making it a truly remarkable and enduring civilization.。
中国历史的英文
中国历史的英文China is a country with a rich and complex history that spans over thousands of years. From its early beginnings as separate tribes and small kingdoms to the rise of the vast Chinese empire and the modernization of the country in the 20th century, the history of China has played a significant role in the development of the world.Early HistoryThe earliest known evidence of human existence in China dates back to the Paleolithic era, around 2.5 million years ago. This era saw the emergence of Homo erectus, who were the first hominids to use stone tools. Later on, during the Neolithic era, people in China began farming, domesticating animals, and developing their own unique culture. Some of the most enduring artifacts from this time include pottery, jade carvings, and bronze vessels.Around 2200 BC, the Xia dynasty emerged in northern China, marking the beginning of the Bronze Age. The legendary Yellow Emperor, credited with having invented agriculture and medicine, is said to have ruled during this time. The Xia dynasty continued for nearly 400 years until it was overthrown by the Shang dynasty in 1600 BC.The Shang dynasty is known for its sophisticated bronze casting techniques and its use of oracle bones for divination. Its rulers were powerful aristocrats who controlled much of northern China, and they were succeeded by the Zhou dynasty in 1046 BC.The Zhou dynasty lasted for more than 800 years, during which time China saw significant advancements in technology, agriculture, and governance. It was also during this time that Confucianism, Daoism, and Legalism emerged as key philosophical schools of thought that continue to influence Chinese culture to this day.Imperial ChinaThe Qin dynasty, which ruled from 221 to 206 BC, was the first to unify China under a single emperor, Qin Shi Huang. During his reign, he standardized weights and measures, built roads and canals, and constructed the Great Wall of China to protect against northern invaders.The Han dynasty followed the Qin and lasted from 206 BC to 220 AD. Under the Han, China saw significant advancements in technology, including the invention of paper, the compass, and the water clock. The Silk Road also emerged during this time, facilitating trade between China and the west.After the Han dynasty, China entered a period of political fragmentation known as the Sixteen Kingdoms. During this time, several regional kingdoms emerged and fought for control of China. Eventually, the Northern Wei dynasty emerged as the dominant power in northern China, while the Tang dynasty took control of the south.The Tang dynasty, which lasted from 618 to 907 AD, is often considered to be the golden age of Chinese civilization. During this time, China was a powerful empire with a strong economy, a sophisticated bureaucracy, and a thriving culture. It was also during this time that Buddhism was introduced to China and had a significant impact on Chinese philosophy and religion.The Song dynasty followed the Tang and lasted from 960 to 1279 AD. During this time, China saw further technological advancements with the development of movable type printing, gunpowder, and the magnetic compass. The Song dynasty was also a time of great cultural flourishing, with notable achievements in literature, art, and philosophy.The Mongol conquest of China began in the 13th century, and in 1279, the Mongol ruler Kublai Khan established the Yuan dynasty. During this time, China was ruled by a foreign power for the first time in its history. Despite this, the Yuan dynasty brought stability to China and facilitated trade with the rest of the world through the Silk Road.The Ming dynasty followed the Yuan and lasted from 1368 to 1644. Under the Ming, China was a powerful empire with a strong navy and a sophisticated bureaucracy. It was also during this time that China began exploring the world with the voyages of Zheng He.The Qing dynasty followed the Ming and lasted from 1644 to 1912. The Qing dynasty was established by the Manchu people, who were originally from modern-day northeast China. During this time, China continued to be a powerful empire, but its power waned in the face of foreign influence and internal strife.Modern ChinaIn 1912, the Qing dynasty was overthrown, and the Republic of China was established. However, the country was plagued by ongoing warlordism, civil war, and foreign invasion. In 1949, the Chinese Communist Partyemerged victorious in the Chinese Civil War, and the People's Republic of China was established under the leadership of Mao Zedong.Under Mao's leadership, China underwent significant social and economic transformation through various campaigns such as the Great Leap Forward and the Cultural Revolution. However, these campaigns were marred by mass famine, political repression, and widespread human rights abuses.Following Mao's death in 1976, China undertook a series of economic reforms and opening up, spearheaded by Deng Xiaoping. This led to significant economic growth and modernization, and China emerged as a global superpower in the 21st century.Today, China continues to be a complex and dynamic country with a rich history that continues to shape its identity and place in the world. Its ancient culture and traditions are still celebrated, even as the country embraces modernity and innovation.。
中国历史简介英语
今山西夏县
Brief introduction of Chinese history
Shang dynasty(1600 -1046 B.C.), established capital in Shangqiu (early) and Anyang (late).
Brief introduction of Chinese history
3. A country with a population of 1.3 billion.
Preface: We have a big family
But, Our territory has always been like this? How does it become like this now?
The Han Dynasty became China's new empire in 206BC, established it’s capital in Xian, we call it the West Han Dynasty in the history. It moved the capital to Luoyang in 25, called East Han Dynasty.
中英文对照-中国历史简介
中国历史简介Brief History of China在我国古代，国家有时统一，有时分裂，中国一词的含义在不同时代也不同，大致统一时期略指全国，分裂时多指中原。
随着皇帝统治疆土的变化，中国一词所包括的范围也相应有所不同。
“中国”这一名称在西周周武王时期意为“中央之国”。
相传3000年前，周公在阳城(今河南登封)用土圭测度日影，测得夏至这一天午时，八尺之表于周围景物均没有日影，便认为这是大地的中心，因此周朝谓之中国。
In ancient China, the National Unity sometimes, and sometimes separatist, the Chinese meaning of the word in different times different, generally refers to a unified national strategy, the split means more when the Central Plains. With the territory of the emperor rule changes, the Chinese word, including its coverage varies accordingly. "China" in the name of King Wu of Zhou period of the Western Zhou Dynasty agreed to "central country." Passed in 3000, the Duke of the Yangcheng (today Henan Dengfeng) with Tugui measure the shadow of the sun, measured Next day noontime, Bachimen's table in the surrounding landscape are not the shadow of the sun, we think this is the center of the earth, so that goes to China.汉朝以后，虽然有些外族入侵中原后建立的政权也自称“中国”，但是并不代表它们就是中国政权。
中国历史英文课件
04
Key Figures: Nurhachi, foundation of the Qing dynasty, is considered one of the most important rules of this period
Late Ming and Early Qing Dynasties
Transitional period of Song, Yuan, and Ming dynamics
Key Events
The Song dynasty: Established a strong central government and promoted Confucianism
The Yuan dynasty: Ruled by the Mongols, introduced a new style of art and architecture
Culturally, Confucianism gradually became the mainstream ideology and had a profound impact on future generations.
Emperor Qin Shi Huang unified the six states and established the first centralized state in Chinese history to achieve great unity.
During the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period
During the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period
01
Key Events
中国历史简介英文(16页)
China's Historical Overview in English(16 Pages)Page 1: Ancient China (Prehistoric Era to Qin Dynasty)The history of China stretches back over 5,000 years, beginning with the prehistoric era when early humansinhabited the region. The Xia Dynasty, though largely mythical, is often considered the first dynasty of China. The Shang Dynasty, which followed, left behind the earliest written records and a rich collection of bronze artifacts. The Zhou Dynasty saw the development of Confucianism and Taoism, two of the major philosophical systems that would shape Chinese culture.Page 2: The Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States PeriodThe Spring and Autumn Period, named after the chronicle "The Spring and Autumn Annals," was a time of rapid social and political change. This era was marked the decline of the Zhou Dynasty and the rise of several states vying for power. The subsequent Warring States Period was a period of intense warfare and philosophical development, including the birth of Legalism.Page 3: The Qin Dynasty (221206 BC)The Qin Dynasty, though shortlived, was pivotal in Chinese history. Qin Shi Huang, the first emperor of aunified China, standardized the writing system, currency, and measurements. He also began construction of the Great Wall and the Terracotta Army, which continues to astound visitors today.Page 4: The Han Dynasty (206 BC AD 220)The Han Dynasty is often cited as one of the golden ages of Chinese history. It saw the expansion of the Silk Road, which facilitated trade and cultural exchange with the West. The Han Dynasty also saw the development of Buddhism in China and the establishment of a civil service system based on merit.Page 5: The Three Kingdoms, Jin Dynasty, and the Southern and Northern DynastiesThe Three Kingdoms period, romanticized in the historical novel "Romance of the Three Kingdoms," was a time of fragmentation and warfare following the fall of the Han Dynasty. The Jin Dynasty reunified the north, but the country soon split again into the Southern and Northern Dynasties, leading to a period of cultural diversity and technological innovation.Page 6: The Sui Dynasty (581618)The Sui Dynasty, though shortlived, managed to reunify China. It is known for the construction of the Grand Canal, which linked the Yellow River and the Yangtze River, facilitating trade and transportation across the vast territory.Page 7: The Tang Dynasty (618907)The Tang Dynasty is renowned for its cultural achievements and economic prosperity. It is often referred to as the "Age of Unity andProsperity." The Tang Dynasty saw the flourishing of poetry, with poets like Li Bai and Du Fu, and the expansion of foreign trade along the Silk Road.Page 8: The Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period (907960)The Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period was a time of political fragmentation. Despite the lack of a central authority, this era saw the continuation of cultural and economic developments, particularly in the south.(To be continued)Page 9: The Song Dynasty (9601279)The Song Dynasty is celebrated for its economicrevolution and cultural advancements. The era saw the early development of a market economy, the introduction of paper money, and remarkable innovations in agriculture and technology. The Song Dynasty also nurtured a flourishing ofthe arts, with landscape painting reaching new heights andthe philosophical school of NeoConfucianism gaining prominence.Page 10: The Yuan Dynasty (12711368)Established the Mongolian leader Kublai Khan, the Yuan Dynasty marked the first time that all of China was ruled nonHan Chinese. The Yuan Dynasty is notable for its patronage of the arts and its administrative organization, whichincluded the establishment of the Yuan Shikai, a precursor to modernday postal systems.Page 11: The Ming Dynasty (13681644)The Ming Dynasty is renowned for its maritime expeditions, notably those led the explorer Zheng He, which reached asfar as Africa and the Middle East. The dynasty is also famous for its architectural achievements, including theconstruction of the Forbidden City and the reinforcement ofthe Great Wall. The Ming era saw a flourishing of literature and drama, with the latter exemplified the works of Tang Xianzu.Page 12: The Qing Dynasty (16441912)The Qing Dynasty, established the Manchu people, was the last imperial dynasty of China. It reached its territorial zenith under Emperors Kangxi and Qianlong, expanding China's borders to include Tibet, Xinjiang, and Mongolia. However,the latter part of the dynasty was marked internal strife, foreign invasions, and the humiliating Boxer Protocol, leading to the decline of imperial power.Page 13: The Xinhai Revolution and the Republic of China The Xinhai Revolution of 1911 led to the overthrow of the Qing Dynasty and the establishment of the Republic of China under the leadership of Sun Yatsen. The early years of the republic were tumultuous, with warlordism and the strugglefor power between the Nationalist Party (Kuomintang) and the Communist Party.Page 14: The Chinese Civil War and the Establishment of the People's Republic of ChinaThe Chinese Civil War, which began in the late 1920s and ended in 1949, resulted in the victory of the Communist Party and the establishment of the People's Republic of China Mao Zedong. The new regime implemented sweeping land reforms and began the process of collectivization, which would have profound effects on Chinese society.Page 15: The Cultural Revolution and its AftermathThe Cultural Revolution, initiated Mao Zedong in 1966, was a radical sociopolitical movement aimed at purging remnants of capitalist and traditional elements from Chinese society. It led to widespread violence and the destruction of historical artifacts. The period following the CulturalRevolution was marked a shift towards economic reform and opening up to the world.Page 16: Modern China and the Path to the FuturePage 17: The Reform and Openingup PolicyDeng Xiaoping's leadership in the late 1970s brought about the Reform and Openingup Policy, which transformed China's economy from a centrally planned system to a market economy. This policy allowed foreign investment, established special economic zones, and encouraged private enterprise. The result was an economic boom that lifted hundreds of millions out of poverty and turned China into a global manufacturing hub.Page 18: The Rise of China's Tech GiantsPage 19: China's Space ExplorationChina's space program has made significant strides, including the successful launch of the Shenzhou spacecraft series and the construction of the Tiangong Space Station. In 2020, China became the second country to land a rover on the far side of the moon, demonstrating its ambition and capability in space exploration.Page 20: Environmental Challenges and Green InitiativesPage 21: Belt and Road InitiativeAnnounced in 2013, the Belt and Road Initiative is a global development strategy aimed at enhancing regionalconnectivity and economic integration. It involves infrastructure development and investments in countries across Asia, Europe, and Africa. The initiative reflects China's desire to take a more active role in global affairs and to expand its influence.Page 22: China's Role in Global DiplomacyChina has increasingly engaged in global diplomacy, playing a key role in international organizations such as the United Nations. It has also established strategic partnerships with countries around the world. However,China's assertiveness in regional disputes, particularly in the South China Sea, has raised concerns about its geopolitical intentions.Page 23: The Pursuit of Soft PowerRecognizing the importance of soft power, China has been promoting its culture and language through initiatives like the establishment of Confucius Institutes worldwide. These institutes offer Chinese language and cultural courses, contributing to the global spread of Chinese language and culture.Page 24: ConclusionChina's history is a tapestry of dynasties, revolutions, and rapid modernization. From the ancient dynasties that laid the foundation for Chinese civilization to the modern era oftechnological advancement and global engagement, China's story is one of resilience, innovation, and transformation. As China continues to evolve, its historical narrative will no doubt continue to influence its role on the world stage.。
中国历史的英语作文初中
中国历史的英语作文初中China, with its ancient civilization that dates back thousands of years, offers a wealth of historical insights that are not only significant to its people but also to the world. This essay aims to provide a brief yet comprehensive overview of the key eras and events that have shaped the course of Chinese history, suitable for middle school students seeking to understand the essence of this great nation's past.Ancient Dynasties: The FoundationsThe story of China begins with the legendary figures like the Yellow Emperor and the Yan Emperor, who are said to havelived around 2700 BCE. The first historical dynasty, the Xia, emerged around 2070 BCE, marking the beginning of recorded Chinese history. However, it is the subsequent dynasties that truly laid the groundwork for Chinese culture and governance. The Shang Dynasty (1600–1046 BCE) saw the development of the first known form of Chinese writing, Oracle Bone Script, while the Zhou Dynasty (1046–256 BCE) introduced the concept of the Mandate of Heaven, a divine right to rule thatjustified the rise and fall of dynasties.The Imperial Era: Unity and ExpansionThe Qin Dynasty (221–206 BCE) is most notable for the unification of China under its first emperor, Qin Shi Huang,who standardized various systems including weights, measures, and the written language. The subsequent Han Dynasty (206 BCE – 220 CE) expanded China's territory and influence, leadingto the Silk Road trade routes that connected China to the Roman Empire.The Tang (618–907 CE) and Song (960–1279 CE) Dynasties are often considered the golden ages of Chinese civilization,with significant advancements in art, science, and technology. The Tang Dynasty, in particular, is known for its poetry and the rule of Emperor Wu Zetian, the only female emperor in Chinese history.Mongol Conquest and the Ming RenaissanceThe Mongol-led Yuan Dynasty (1279–1368 CE) marked a periodof foreign rule, with Kublai Khan, the grandson of Genghis Khan, establishing his capital at Khanbaliq (modern-day Beijing). The Ming Dynasty (1368–1644 CE) restored Han Chinese rule and is remembered for its architectural marvels, including the construction of the Forbidden City in Beijing.The Last Imperial Dynasty and the Fall of the EmpireThe Qing Dynasty (1644–1912 CE), the last imperial dynasty, began with the Manchu conquest of China. It initially experienced a period of prosperity and territorial expansion but later faced internal decay and foreign aggression,leading to the end of the imperial system after the Xinhai Revolution.Modern Times: Struggles and TransformationsThe 20th century brought about significant changes to China. The Republic of China was established in 1912, ending over two millennia of imperial rule. However, the country faced numerous challenges, including civil wars, foreign invasions, and political upheavals. The Chinese Civil War (1927–1950) culminated in the establishment of the People's Republic of China in 1949, with the Communist Party of China under Mao Zedong taking control.Contemporary China: Rise of a Global PowerIn the latter half of the 20th century and into the 21st, China has experienced rapid economic growth and has emerged as a global superpower. It has made strides in technology, space exploration, and global trade, while also grappling with the challenges of modernization, environmental issues, and international relations.ConclusionThe history of China is a tapestry woven with threads of philosophical thought, artistic achievement, and political transformation. It is a history that has shaped a nation and continues to influence its path in the modern world. As middle school students delve into the annals of Chinese history, they embark on a journey through time that reveals the complexities and grandeur of one of the world's oldest continuous civilizations.。
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The Three Kingdoms, The Jin, The Southern and Northern Dynasties - Map
The Three Kingdoms period: Wei, Shu, and Wu Jin Dynasty (265-420 AD) The Southern and Northern Dynasties (420-589) Buddhism
A Brief Chinese History
Yuan – Mongols -map
Marco Polo – 13th century Genghis Khan Kublai Khan
A Brief Chinese History
The Qin and Han Dynasties Qin -map
Qin Shihuang, the first Emperor of the Qin Dynasty centralized control
A Brief Chinese History
--- Buddhist grottoes (Dunhuang, Yungang, Longmen) ---Jiu Mo Luo Shi (Kumarajiva) ---Fa Xian (East Jin): A Record of the Buddihist Countries
A Brief Chinese History
Wang Xizhi (Sage Calligrapher) History of the Three Kingdoms (Chen Shou) An Extension of the History of Han Dynasty (Sima Biao) Records of the Later Han Dynasty (Yuan Hong)
(5 different styles)
Emperor Wu Di (the 5th emperor) University– to teach Confucianism Chinese civil service (imperial examination) ―Men of the Han‖, ―the Han character‖
Chinese Dynasties ---Period
Tang Dynasty---618 – 907 Five Dynasties and Ten States ---Five Dynasties ---- Later Liang (907 - 923) ---- Later Tang (923 - 936) ---- Later Jin (936 - 946) ---- Later Han (947 - 951) ---- Later Zhou (951 - 960) --- Ten States (902 - 979) Song Dynasty --- Northern Song (960 - 1127) --- Southern Song (1127 - 1279) Liao Dynasty---916 - 1125 Jin Dynasty---1115 - 1234 Yuan Dynasty---1271 - 1368 Ming Dynasty---1368 - 1644 Qing Dynasty---1644 - 1911
Yellow Emperor (Huangdi)
End of primitive age Social classes 52 wars
The Xia Dynasty
21st—16th BC The first slavery society Yu the Great (water conservation) Yao (the Xia calendar—4 seasons for farming) Jie (the last emperor of Xia.) Qi – Jie, 13 generations, 472 years
A Brief Chinese History
The Shang Dynasty
The first dynasty with writing documents Anyang Oracle Broze (weapons, ritual vessels)
A Brief Chinese History
The Five Dynasties, the Song and the Yuan
The Five Dynasties & Liao, Song, Weatern Xia, and Jin -map
Zhao Kuanyin --- the Song Zhu Xi --- Neo- Confucianism Blue and white porcelain
---Spring and Autumn Period (770 BC - 476 BC) ---Warring States Period (476 BC - 221 BC)
A Brief Chinese History
Qin Dynasty---221 BC - 206 BC Han Dynasty---Western Han (206 BC - 24 AD) --- Eastern Han (25 - 220) Three Kingdoms Period---(220 – 280) Jin Dynasty---Western Jin (265 - 316) --- Eastern Jin (317 - 420) Northern and Southern Dynasties ---Northern Dynasties (386 - 581) --- Southern Dynasties (420 - 589)
Han (206 BC-220AD, Heyday of Rome)-map
Liu Bang Sima Qian’s Records of the Historian Zhang Heng- the seismograph Standardization of written language
A Brief Chinese History
Tang – a golden age of Chinese power and
prosperity -map Xi’an, the capital, 7 times of Byzantine, eastern
Roman Empire Li Shimin Communication system (300 countries and regions) Literature
The Sui and Tang Dynasties
Sui – a short-lived dynasty -map
Two emperors; Luo Yang-capital city Yang guang, the 2nd emperor of Sui– 3 Wars against Korea The Beijing –Hangzhou Grand Canal The zhao Zhou Bridge (Li Chun)
A Brief Chinese History
Peking Man
(500,000 years ago;1929, Zhoukoudian ; tools; fire; homo sapiens;)
Homo Sapiens---walk, tools, fire ape-man
Yangshao Culture
The Zhou Dynasty
Cave-dwelling— built houses& city walls Chinese political concepts (eg. ―Mandate of the Heaven‖) The Classic of Songs (Erya) The Bronze Age (Western Zhou- the heyday)
A Brief Chinese History
The Spring and Autumn and Warring States Periods (The Eastern Zhou Dynasty)
Western Zhou: 1700 semi-independent states The Spring and Autumn (770-476 B.C.) Warring States Periods (476-221B.C.) 7 larger kingdoms arose in the 4th century B.C. Agricultural revolution (new tools) The growth of trade Confucius, Mencius, Mo Zi, Lao Zi, Zhuang Zi, Shang Yang and Han Fei Zi Qu Yuan (Li Sao)
6,000-7,000 years ago Matriarchal commune Pottery (red) 1921, Henan
A Brief Chinese History
Longshan Culture
6,000-7,000 years ago Patriarchal commune Pottery (black) 1928, Shandong, Henan, Shaanxi