英国文学史复习资料大二英语专业必考

一．作家作品连线1.Geoffrey Chaucer乔叟——The Canterbury Tales(坎特伯雷故事)，The Book of The Duchess（公爵夫人之书）、The Parliament of Fowls （百鸟会议）The House of Fame(声誉之堂)、Troilus and Criseyde （特罗勒斯与克丽西德）2.William Shakespeare莎士比亚——Hamlet, Romeo and Juliet, SonnetThe Merchant of Venice，Henry IV， Twelfth Night， King Lear，Macbeth Othello,Winter’s Tale,The Tempest3.Francis Bacon培根—— Of Marriage and Single Life（论婚姻和单身）, Of Studies,Advancement of Learning,New Atlantis,Essays4.John Donne邓恩 (Metaphysical poems玄学派诗人)—— Song and Sonnets（歌与十四行诗）The Good-Morrow,Break of Day, Holy Sonnets （圣十四行诗）,At the Round Earth’s ImaginedCorners,Below,Death ,Be not Proud,Elegies,On His Mistress,To His Mistress Going to Bed5.John Milton 弥尔顿—— Paradise Lost（失乐园）、 Paradise Regained（复乐园）Samson Agonistes（力士参孙）,Lycidas(利西达斯），Areopagitica,6.Daniel Defoe笛福——The Life and strange Surprising Adventures of Robinson Crusoe（鲁滨孙漂流记）、Captain Singleton(辛格顿船长)、Moll Flanders（摩尔·弗兰德斯）A Journal of the Plague Year （大疫年日记）、Roxana（罗克萨娜）7.Jonathan Swift斯威夫特——Gulliver’s Travels（格列佛游记）A Tale of a Tub （一只桶的故事）,A Modest Proposal（一个温和的建议）,The Battle of the Books,The Drapier’s Letter,Journal to Stella8.William Blake布莱克——Song of Innocence（天真之歌）, Song of experience（经验之歌）, Poetical Sketches（诗的素描）, The Book of Thel（塞尔书）,The Marriage of Heaven and Hell,Visions of the Daughters of Albion,The Song of Los9.Robert Burns彭斯——Auld Lang Syne, A Red Red Rose, Poems、Chiefly in the Scottish Dialect,The Tree of Liberty,Scots、Wha Hae，Holy Willies’sTwa Dogs,My Heart’s in the Highlands,John An derson,My Jo, 10.William Wordsworth华兹华斯——I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud,Lyrical Ballads,Line Composed a Few Miles Above Tintern Abbey,Ode:Intimations of Immortality,The Solitary Reaper,Lucy Poems,The Prelude,11.Samuel Taylor Coleridge柯勒律治——Kubla Khan（忽必烈汗），Biographia Literia （文学传记）、Lyrical Ballads (抒情歌谣集),The Rime of the Ancient Mariner,Christabel,12.Jane Austen简·奥斯丁—— Pride and Prejudice,Sense and Sensibility(Elinor and Marriane),Mansfield Park,Emma,Northanger Abbey,Persuasion,13.George Gordon Byron 乔治·戈登·拜伦—— Hours of Idleness,English Bards and Scotch Reviewers,Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage,The Giaour,The Bride of Abydos,The Siege of Corinth,Manfred,Cain,Don Juan,She Walks in Beauty14.Percy Bysshe Shelley 波西·比希·雪莱—— Queen Mab,The Revolt of Islam,Prometheus Unbound,The Cenci,Adonais,England in 1819,Ode to the West Wind,A Defence of Poetry15.John Keats 约翰·济慈——Endymion,Isabella,The Eve of Saint Agnes,Hyperion,Ode on a Grecian Urn,Ode to a Nightingale16.Charlotte Bronte夏洛蒂·勃朗特—— JaneEyre,Villette,Shirley,The Professor,Poems by Currer,Ellis,and Acton Bell17.Charles Dickens查尔斯·狄更斯—— The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club,Oliver Twist,Davis Copperfield,Bleak House,A Tale of Two Cities,The Old Curiosity Shop,Dombey and Son,Great Expectations18.Alfred Tennyson阿尔弗尼德·丁尼生——19.Robert Browning罗伯特·布朗宁——Paracelsus,Strafford,Pippa Passes,Dramatic Lyrics,DramaticRomances and Lyrics,Men and Women,Dramatic Personae,The Ring and the Book20.Matthew Arnold马修·阿诺德—— The StrayedReveller,Poems,Poems:Second Series,New Poems,Essays in Criticism,Culture and Anarchy,Literature and Dogma21.Tomas Hardy托马斯·哈代—— Under the Greenwood Tree,A Pair of Blue Eyes,Far From the Madding Crowd,The Return of the Native,Mayor of the Casterbridge,Tess of the D’Urbervilles,Jude the Obscure,The Dynasts二、术语解释1、Epic（史诗）: A long narrative poem telling about the deeds ofa great hero and reflecting the values of the society from whichit originated. It started in the 5th century, Beowulf was an important epic.2、Humanism(人文主义):In the 15th century, It is a??and??stancethat emphasizes the value and??of?, individually andcollectively prefers??and evidence over established doctrine or faith. Thomas More wrote Utopia.3、Metaphysical poetry（玄学派）: In the17th century , metaphysicalpoetry is characterized by verbal wit and excess, ingenious structure, irregular meter, colloquial language, elaborate imagery, and a drawing together of dissimilar ideas. John Donne wrote Songs and Sonnets.4、Enlightenment（启蒙主义）: In the 18th century, the Enlightenmenton the whole, was an expression of struggle of the thenprogressive class of bourgeois against feudalism. Jonathan Swift wrote Gulliver’s travels.5、Romanticism（浪漫主义）: A movement that flourished inliterature, philosophy, music, and art in Western culture during most of the 19th century. Robert Burns wrote A Red ,Red Rose.6、Sonnet（十四行诗）: A fourteen-line lyric poem, usually writtenin rhymed iambic pentameter. A sonnet generally expresses a single theme or idea. Sonnet 18 is one of important sonnets written by Shakespeare.7、Conceit(幻想主义）:A unusually far-fetched or elaboratemetaphor or simile presenting a surprisingly apt parallel between two apparently dissimilar things or feelings.8、.?Critical?Realism:It means the tendency of writers andintellectuals in the period between 1875 and 1920 to apply the methods of realistic fiction to the criticism of society and the examination of social writers were all concerned about the fate of the common people and described what was faithful to reality.三、简答1.就莎士比亚的一部作品做出解析Hamlet is the profoundest expression of Sha kespeare’s humanism and his criticism of contemporary play opens with Hamlet’s appearing in a mood of world-weariness caused by his father’s death and by his mother’s hasty marriage with his uncle, and ends up with the death of major characters.Hamlet is a man free from medieval prejudices and superstitions. He has an unbounded love for the world rather than for heaven. He cherishes a profound reverence for man, and a firm belief in man’s power over destiny.?Shakespeare expressed the traditional aspects of themes, such as hesitation, inherited sin and corruption, sons seeking revenge, deception, ambition, madness, loyalty, empty existence.Hamlet is usually regarded as the summit of his art.2.鲁滨逊漂流记的人物形象和情节Plot: It is the story of Robinson Crusoe, an Englishman who is shipwrecked in a lonely island. He lives on this lonely island and becomes self-sufficient. After 23 years he meets with a group of cannibals and rescues one of their prisoners, a young native whom he calls Friday. Crusoe and Friday become close friends, and when they are finally rescued four years later, both return to England. CharacteristicsRobinson Crusoe who desires adventure never gives in the simple life. He is not a traditional hero or epic adventurer. He is alwaysready to admit unheroic feelings of fear or panic, as when he finds the footprint on the beach. Crusoe prefers to describe himself as an ordinary sensible man never as an exceptional hero.3.在失乐园指撒旦的形象（The Image of Satan）(1)Satan in the poem is a rebel who rises against God and, though defeated, still seeks for revenge. He is by far the most striking character in the poem.(2)Satan is the real hero of the poem. He is admired and respected by his fellow-angels. He goes through many obstacles and makes revolt against God. Though weaker in force, he remains superior in nobility. He welcomes his defeat and his torments as a glory,a liberty and a joy.(spirit of revolution)(3)Satan is the spirit questioning the authority of God.4.培根散文节选段落评价(Characteristics of Bacon’s Essays)Bac on’s essays are characterized by their conciseness and brevity, simplicity and forcefulness, practicality and versatility.His essays have been considered as a reformation of popular euphuism(夸饰文体)of his contemporaries. Usually each essay discusses a single subject, for instance, Of Beauty, Of Marriage, Of Riches, Of Studies. Short as they are, these essays show Bacon’s profundity in understanding man and society.These essays cover a wide variety of subjects, such as love, truth, friendship, parents and children, beauty, studies, youth and ageand many others．They have won popularity for his clearness, brevity (简短) and force of expression．选择了（论读书）Of studies in detail discussed the?purpose and functionof?reading,?analyzes?many different attitudes towards?reading and introduces the methods?of reading.?Bacon?in this this essay uses the?parallelism. This essay?is?one of the?important article. Bacon’s essays are characterized by their conciseness and brevity, simplicity and forcefulness, practicality and versatility.His essays have been considered as a reformation of popular euphuism(夸饰文体)of his contemporaries. Usually each essay discusses a single subject, for instance, Of Beauty, Of Marriage, Of Riches, Of Studies. Short as they are, these essays show Bacon’s profundity in understanding man and society.5.傲慢与偏见的情节(Pride and Prejudice)Elizabeth was born to a family of small landowners four s, Jane, Mary, Katie and Lydia. They have a little monotonous quiet life along with the two young guys coming up and it is undeniable and eliminate the waves. Bingley is healthy and progressive and rich Darcy is a good friend, became acquainted with the town lure of this is both intelligent and strong-minded woman. Although Darcy and Elizabeth from Pride and Prejudice, respectively, while the other left out, unaware of their true mind, but they reallyattracted to each other. Finally, in Elizabeth's sister after the elopement with Lydia, Darcy save her reputation. They gradually eliminate?misunderstanding between them ,?eventually engaged.Hero(拜伦式英雄)Byronic hero refers to a proud, mysterious rebel figure of noble origin.2>with immense superiority in his passions and powers, this Byronic Hero would carry on his shoulders the burden of righting all the wrongs in a corrupt society. And would rise single-handedly against any kind of tyrannical rules either in government, in religion, or in moral principles with unconquerable wills and inexhaustible energies.3>Byron’s chief contribution to English literature is hiscr eation of the“Byronic Hero”7.格列佛游记的情节When Lemuel Gulliver sets off from London on a sea voyage, little does he know the many incredible and unbelievable misadventures awaiting him. Shipwrecked at sea and nearly drowned, he washes ashore upon an exotic island called Lilliput-where the people are only six inches tall! Next he visits a land of incredible s called Brobdingnagians. They are more than sixty feet tall! He s to Laputa, a city that floats in the sky, and to Glubbdubdrib, the Island ofSorcerers. His final voyage brings him into contact with the Yahoos-a brutish race of subhumans-and an intelligent and virtuous race of horse, the Houyhnhnms.四、诗歌赏析1.《水仙花》The?Daffodils赏析made use of the description in his sister's diary,as well as?? Wordsworth's Journal,April 15,1802:"I never saw daffodils so beautiful.They grew among the mossy stones ...; some rested their heads upon these?stones,as on a pillow for weariness; and the rest tossed and reeled and?danced,and seemed as if they verily laughed with the wind,that blew upon?them over the lake; they looked so gay,ever glancing,ever changing."?2.'They flash upon that inward eye...':Wordsworth said that these were?the two best lines in the poem and that they were composed by his wife.Biography and Assessment:Wordsworth was born in the Lake District of northernEngland[...]The?natural scenery of the English lakes could terrify as well as nurture,as?Wordsworth would later testify in the line "I grew up fostered alike by?beauty and by fear," but its generally benign aspect gave the growing boy?the confidence he articulated in one of his first important poems,"Lines?Composed a Few Miles Above Tintern Abbey ...," namely,"that Nature?never did betray the heart that loved her."?[...]?Wordsworth moved on in 1787 to 's College, by?the competitive pressures there,he elected to idle his way through the?university,persuaded that he "was not for that hour,nor for that place."?The most important thing he did in his college years was to devote his?summer vacation in 1790 to a long walking tour through revolutionary?he was caught up in the passionate enthusiasm that followed?the fall of the Bastille,and became an ardent republican sympathizer.[...]?The three or four years that followed his return to England were the?darkest of Wordsworth's for any profession,rootless,virtually penniless,bitterly hostile to his own country's opposition to?the French,he knocked about London in the company of radicals like? William Godwin and learned to feel a profound sympathy for the abandoned?mothers,beggars,children,vagrants,and victims of England's wars who?began to march through the sombre poems he began writing at this time.This dark period ended in 1795,when a friend's legacy made possible?Wordsworth's reunion with his beloved sister Dorothy--the two were never?again to live apart--and their move in 1797 to Alfoxden House,near? Wordsworth became friends with a fellow poet,Samuel Taylor? Coleridge,and they formed a partnership that would change both poets'?lives and alter the course of English poetry.[...]?Through all these years Wordsworth was assailed by vicious and tireless?critical attacks by contemptuous reviewers; no great poet has ever had to?endure finally,with the publication of The River Duddon in? 1820,the tide began to turn,and by the mid-1830s his reputation had been?established with both critics and the reading public. Wordsworth's last years were given over partly to "tinkering" his poems,as the family called his compulsive and persistent habit of revising his?earlier poems through edition after Prelude,for instance, went through four distinct manuscript versions(1798-99,1805-06,1818-20,and 1832-39) and was published only after the poet's death in ? readers find the earliest versions of The Prelude and other heavily?revised poems to be the best,but flashes of brilliance can appear in?revisions added when the poet was in his seventies.Wordsworth succeeded his friend Robert Southey as Britain's poet laureate?in 1843 and held that post until his own death in his? influence was felt throughout the rest of the 19th century,though he was?honoured more for his smaller poems,as singled out by the Victorian?critic Matthew Arnold,than for his masterpiece,The the 20th? century his reputation was strengthened both by recognition of his?importance in the Romantic movement and by an appreciation of the darker?elements in his personality and verse.William Wordsworth was the central figure in the English Romantic? revolution in contribution to it was ,he?formulated in his poems and his essays a new attitude toward ? was more than a matter of introducing nature imagery into his verse; it?amounted to a fresh view of the organic relation between man and the?natural world,and it culminated in metaphors of a wedding between nature?and the human mind,and beyond that,in the sweeping metaphor of nature as?emblematic of the mind of God,a mind that "feeds upon infinity" and?"broods over the dark abyss." Second,Wordsworth probed deeply into his?own sensibility as he traced,in his finest poem,The Prelude,the "growth?of a poet's mind." The Prelude was in fact the first long autobiographical?it in a drawn-out process of self-exploration,Wordsworth? worked his way toward a modern psychological understanding of his own?nature,and thus more broadly of human ,Wordsworth placed? poetry at the centre of human experience; in impassioned rhetoric he?pronounced poetry to be nothing less than "the first and last of all?knowledge--it is as immortal as the heart of man," and he then went on to?create some of the greatest English poetry of his is probably? safe to say that by the late 20th century he stood in critical estimation?where Coleridge and Arnold had originally placed him,next to John? Milton--who stands,of course,next to William Shakespeare. Some comments:often go through life as if we were unconscious of what is going on?around us - like notice many things some of which are beautiful? and some being distracted - not poets,who would naturally? notice and be gay at the sight - we fail to be lifted by the simple but?awesome beauty that surrounds was not being a poet at the time and?so he "little thought what wealth to him the show had wrought." He was?forced to try to re-experience it from memory - his inward eye - in order to?fill his heart with the pleasure he missed when he actually saw the daffodils.To me,the poem serves as a reminder that our happiness is best served if we?live our lives as poets and notice the simple beauty that nature gives us?ordinary people see flowers,the poet sees stars,dancers, happy celebrations of nature's miracles and is as a?poet!always thought?of the poem as a simple poem of yellow gay really?looked at the poem something clicked and I have a profound understanding?that I had overlooked -?The word 'DANCE' is in every stanza - Dance the cosmic creative energy?that transforms space into time,is the rhythm of the ? dancing,was a dance that imitated the sun's course in the heavens and?enclosed a sacred round,yellow,golden cups of the daffodil? can easily symbolize the sun,the sacred sun of incorruptibile wisdom,superior and noble.Dancing as the Dance of Siva is the eternal movement of the universe the?'play' of creatio,or the 'fluttering' frenzy emotional chaos of? Dionysian/Bacchic.The stars,messengers of the gods,the eyes of night,and hope,toss? their 'head,' the seat of both our intelligence and folly,honor and?dishonor.Lying on a couch in a vacant pensive mood could easily be a way to?discribe a meditative state where the forces of the universe and our?connection with the ceaseless movement,the ebb and flow of life as a?wave dances could be pondered.That last line "And dances with the Daffodils." could it be the dance of?angels round the throne of this is a poem of the cycle of? existence and the circling of the sun/God of course what wealth and?glee.poem can stir all of the senses,and the subject matter of a poem can range from being funny to being sad.2.《羔羊》The Lamb 赏析Poetic structure1rhyme scheme: AA BB CC DD AA AA EF GG FE AA“The Lamb” has two stanzas, each containing five rhymed couplets.2 The layout is set up by two stanzas with the refrain: "Little Lamb who made thee? Dost thou know who made thee?"In the first stanza, the speaker wonders who the lamb's creator is; the answer lies at the end of the poem. Here we find a physical description of the lamb, seen as a pure and gentle creature. In the second stanza, the lamb is compared with the infant Jesus, as well as between the lamb and the speaker's soul. In the last two lines the speaker identifies the creator: God.Rhetorical devices1 The poem begins with the question, “Little Lamb, who made thee?”The speaker, a child, asks the lamb about its origins: how it came into being, how it acquired its particular manner of feeding, its “clothing” of wool, its “tender voice.”2 In the next stanza, the speaker attempts a riddling answer to his own question: the lamb was made by one who “calls himself a Lamb,”one who resembles in his gentleness both the child and the lamb.Repetition in the first and last couplet of each stanza makes these lines into a refrain, and helps to give the poem its song-like quality. The flowing soft vowel sounds contribute to this effect, and also suggest the bleating of a lamb or the lisping character of a child’s chant.Theme1 The lamb is a common metaphor for Jesus Christ, who is also called the "The Lamb of God"2 Blake in the songs of innocence，with childish life's point of view，shows a full of love and kindness, compassion and happy world. The poem has just 20 lines, but depicts the character of gentleness vividly.3 The poet’s description about the lamb’s kindness and gentleness, aims to express their feeling of life and nature, and the yearning for the universe and harmonious understanding.4 He not only sings praise of gentle lamb, but also the mystical power that can create the lamb. Here the God, Jesus and the Lamb are just the one thing.3.《她在美中行》She Walks In Beauty赏析This poem makes an idealized image of women with rich imagination and aesthetic technique. Her beauty looks like quiet night sky of cloudless climes and stars .That beauty like glorious brightness flowing in her black hair, if becoming more or less ,and it will damage the perfect image. Her purity and kind add more rich connotation to the form beauty.The word in the whole poem is beautiful and concise. Rhythm is soft. And the style is natural and lively. The romantic passion in this poem gets harmonious reflection and perfect unification. The poet clearly tell us, what beauty is in the world? The people of simple,inornate,harmonious with nature is beautiful. The heart of flushing pure love is beautiful. And the soul of existing with light is beautiful!。