最全面英国文学史知识点总结
英国文学史及选读复习要点总结概要
英国文学史及选读复习要点总结概要第一篇：英国文学史及选读复习要点总结概要《英国文学史及选读》第一册复习要点1.Beowulf: national epic of the English people;Denmark story;alliteration, metaphors and understatements(此处可能会有填空,选择等小题2.Romance(名词解释3.“Sir Gawain and the Green Knight”: a famous roman about King Arthur’ s story4.Ballad(名词解释5.Character of Robin Hood6.Geoffrey Chaucer: founder of English poetry;The Canterbury Tales(main contents;124 stories planned, only 24 finished;written in Middle English;significance;form: heroic couplet7.Heroic couplet(名词解释8.Renaissance(名词解释9.Thomas More—— Utopia 10.Sonnet(名词解释 11.Blank verse(名词解释12.Edmund Spenser “The Faerie Queene” 13.Francis Bacon “essays” esp.“Of Studies”(推荐阅读,学习写正式语体的英文文章的好参照,本文用词正式优雅,多排比句和长句,语言造诣非常高,里面很多话都可以引用做格言警句,非常值得一读14.William Shakespeare四大悲剧比较重要,此外就是罗密欧与朱立叶了,这些剧的主题,背景,情节,人物形象都要熟悉,当然他最重要的是Hamlet 这是肯定的。
英国文学简史复习资料（整理版）
英国文学简史复习资料（整理版）第一篇：英国文学简史复习资料(整理版)I.Old English Literature & the Late Medieval Ages 贝奥武夫:the national epic of the Anglo-SaxonsGeoffrey Chaucer 杰弗里•乔叟1340(?)~1400 The father of English poetry.① 坎特伯雷故事集：first time to use …heroic couplet‟(双韵体)by middle English ②特罗伊拉斯和克莱希德③ 声誉之宫II The Renaissance Period A period of drama and poetry.The Elizabethan drama is the real mainstream of the English Renaissance.Renaissance: the activity, spirit, or time of the great revival of art, literature, and learning in Europe beginning in the 14th century and extending to the 17th century, marking the transition from the medieval to the modern world.Three historical events of the Renaissance – rebirth or revival: 1.new discoveries in geography and astrology 2.the religious reformation and economic expansion 3.rediscovery of ancient Roman and Greek culture The most famous dramatists:Christopher Marlowe William Shakespeare Ben Johnson.William Shakespeare威廉•莎士比亚1564~1616① Historical plays: Henry VI 亨利六世;Henry IV : Richard III 查理三世;Henry V ；Richard II；Henry VIII ②Four Comedies: 皆大欢喜;第十二夜;< A Midsummer Night‟S Dream>仲夏夜之梦;威尼斯商人③Four Tragedies: 哈姆莱特;奥赛罗;李尔王;麦克白④Shakespeare Sonnet :154Three quatrain and one couplet, ababcdcdefefggA sonnet is a lyric consisting of 14 lines, usually iniambic pentameter restricted to a definition rhyme scheme.⑤the comedy of errors 错中错，Titus Andronicus泰特斯·安特洛尼克斯，The Taming of the shrew 驯悍记Love's labour's lost（爱的徒劳）Romeo and Juliet 罗密欧与朱丽叶Much ado about nothing（无事生非）The merry wives of Windsor.温莎的风流娘们King John 约翰王All's well that ends well 终成眷属Measure for measure（一报还一报）Bacon: Of Studies;Of Beauty;Of Marriage and Single Life English Bourgeois Revolution，学术的推进 III：the period of the English bourgeois ton：1608~1674Paradise Lost;Samson Agonistes(力士参孙);On the morning of Christ’s Nativity，复乐园我的失明论出版自由为英国人民声辩Bunyan: 1628~1688 ①Religionary Allegory:天路历程Grace Abounding to the Chief of Sinner;the Holy War John Don: the Metaphysical poet(玄学派诗人).Metaphysical Poetry(玄学诗)：（用语）the diction is simple, the imagery is from the actual,(形式)the form is frequently an argument with the poet’s beloved, with god, or with himself.（主题：love, religious, thought）The Flea;跳蚤Forbbiding Mourning，Songs And Sonnets歌与十四行诗，emergent occasions 突变引起的诚念Hely sonnets IV The 18th Century：EnlightenmentA revival of interest in the old classical works, order, logic, restrained emotion(抑制情感)and accuracy The Age ofEnlightenment/Reason: the movement was a furtherance of the Renaissance of the 15th and 16th centries, a progressive intellectual movement, reason(rationality), equality&science(the 18th century)小说崛起：In the mid-century, the newly literary form, modern English novel rised(realistic novel现实主义小说)Gothic novel(哥特式小说)：mystery, horror, castles(from middle part to the end of century)Jonathan Swift乔纳森•斯威夫特1667~1745（十八世纪杰出的政论家和讽刺小说家 a master satirist。
2012英国文学史知识要点总结
A Survey of British LiteratureI. Early and Medieval Literature (Unit 2)1. three conquests2. the medieval period: 476 A. D—the 15th century3. Anglo-Saxon Period (449-1066):--oral traditions;--“Beowulf”: the national epic--Caedmon: the first known English religious poet4. Anglo-Norman Period (1066-15th century):--Popularity of romancens;--Chaucer: the father of English poetry;--Ballads developed;5. “Beowulf”--longest; an epic; features (Pagan and Christian coloring; kenning; metaphor)6. Romance--Definition: It is a narrative verse of prose singing knightly adventures or other heroic deeds. Romances are popular in the medieval period.--“Sir Gawain and the Green Knight”7. Geoffrey Chaucer--the father of English literature/poetry;--The Canterbury Tales: a double fiction; the Wife of Bath‟s prologue; The Wife of Bath‟s Tale;heroic couplet)8. Ballad:--Definition:A story told in song, usually in four line stanzas, with the 2nd and the 4th lines rhymed.--Robin Hood Ballads.9. Appreciation:--from “Beowulf”--from “The Canterbury Tales”II. The Renaissance (Unit 3, Unit 4, Unit 5,Unit 6)1.three discoveries2.Renaissance--a thristing curiosity for classical literature;--a keen interest in life and human activities.3.Humanism--individualism; the joy of the present life; reason; the affirmation of self-worth--Humanism emphasizes the dignity of human beings and the importance of the present life.Humanists voiced their beliefs that man was the center of the universe and man did not only have the right to enjoy the beauty of the present life, but had the ability to perfect himself and to perform wonders.4.Sonnet:--Definition: It is a poem of 14 lines that follows a strict rhyme scheme and specific structure; it expresses a single idea or theme. (Thomas Wyatt first introduced it to England)5.Shakespearean sonnet:--Definition: A Shakespearean sonnet consists of three four-line stanzas (called quatrains) and a final couplet composed in iambic pentameter with the rhyme scheme abab cdcd efef gg.6.Blank verse: having a regular meter, but no rhyme. (Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey)7.Spenserian stanza:--Definition: Each stanza contains nine lines in total: eight lines in iambic pentameter followed by a single 'Alexandrine' line in iambic hexameter. The rhyme scheme of these lines is "ababbcbcc."8.Appreciation:--Edmund Spenser and “The Faerie Queene”(written in blank verse)--Thomas More and “Utopia”--Christopher Marlowe‟s Dr. Faustus(Appreication);Tamburlaine;The Jew of Malta; The Passionate Shepherd to His Love;--Sonnet 18by Shakespeare (“Shall I Compare Thee to a Summer‟s Day”): time, mortality, immortality9.The first English essayist: Francis Bacon (“Of Studies”)10.Elizabethan theatre—the golden age of English drama;11.Shakespearean comedies: As You Like It; The Merchant of Venice; A Midsummer Night‘s Dream;Much Ado About Nothing; Twelfth Night12.Shakespearean tragedies: Macbeth; King Lear; Hamlet; Othello13.Shakespearean comedies:--Features: clowns, servants, jesters, fools; dramatic irony; mistaken identity, cross-dressing;--Patterns: The Green World Pattern (Sample: A Mid-summer Night’s Dream)19. Shakespearean tragedies:--Features: characters; structure; soliloquy; traveling; the role of fate/chance20. Appreciation:--“To be, or not to be” (from Hamlet) (Hamlet‟s dilemma)--“Tommorrow, tomorrow,…”(from Macbeth) (Mabeth is tired of the world; bored with life;metaphors:)III. The Period of Revolution and Restoration (the 17th century) (Unit 7)1.17th: the beginning of modern England;2.Cavalier poets:--Reflected the royalist values;--Themes: beauty, love, loyalty, morality;--Style: Direct, short, frankly erotic--Motto:“Carpe Diem”“Seize the Day”--Robert Herrick, Ben Johnson, Rochard Lovelace, etc;--Appreciation: “To the Virgins, to Make Much of Time” (Herrick; “to seize the day”)3.Metaphysical school:--the founder of the Metaphysical school: John Donne--conceit: an extended metahpor involving dramatic contrasts or far-fetched comparisons;--John Donne‟s love poems: “The Flea”;“V alediction: Forbidden Mourning” (Appreciation) --Andrew Marvell: “To His Coy Mistress”4.Puritan writers:--John Bunyanh: “The Pilgrim‟s Progress” (a religious allegory)--John Milton: “Paradise Lost”(based on The Old Testament) (…Paradise Regained”; “Samson Agonistes”) (Appreciation)IV. The 18th Century Literature—The Age of Enlightenment (Unit 8 and Unit 9)1.18th century: the golden age of English novels2.Enlightenment--an intellectual movement in Europe in the 18th century;--Reason as the guiding principle for thinking and action;--the belief in eternal truth, eternal justice, natural equality ;--a continuation of Renaissance;(Belief in the possibility of human perfection through education).3.Neo-classicism:--A revival of classical standards of order, harmony, balance, simplicity and restrainedemotion in literature in the 18th century.--Alexander Pope4.“Essay on Criticism” by Alexander Pope--a manifesto of neoclassicism;--Appreciation: “A Little Learning is a Dangerous Thing…”(learning as mountain climbing;inadequate learning may impair a balanced apprecation of a poem).5.Realistic novels:--Jonathan Swift;Gulliver’s Travels; A Modest Proposal; A Tale of a Tub; The Battle of the Books;--Daniel Defoe: Robinson Crusoe;(Appreciation)--Henry Fielding: Tom Jones; Joseph Andrews; Jonathan Wilde the Great;6. Sentimentalism--the middle and later decades of the 18th c.;--definition: passion over reason, personal instincts over social duties; the return of the patriarchal times; lamenting over the destructive effects of industrialization--Oliver Goldsmith, Thomas Gray, etc.7. The Graveyard School--subjects, style;--Thomas Gray‟s “Elegy written in a country churchyard”: structure; theme; (Appreciation)8. Pre-romanticism:--the latter half ot the 18th century;--Robert Burns: “Auld Lyne Syne”; “A Red, Red Rose”--William Blake: “Songs of Innocence” “Songs of Experience”; “The Lamb”, “The Tyger”;9. Richard Bringsley Sheridan: The School for Scandal; The Rivals;10. Oliver Goldsmith: The Vicar of Wakefield; She Stoops to ConquerV. The Romantic Period (1789-1832) (Unit 10 , Unit 11 and Unit 12)1.The Romantic period: an age of poetry2.Romanticism:--Manifesto of British Romanticism: Lyrical Ballads: co-published by Wordsworth and Coleridge--Features: individual as the center of all life and experience; from the outer world to the innerworld; Passion; imagination ; Nature; pastoral; past ; Individual freedom; simple and spontaneous expression; symbolic presentations; fantastic elements;3.English Romantic Poets--Lake Poets: Wordsworth, Coleridge, Southey--The Satanic Poets: Byron; Shelley; Keats--Lyrical Ballads: the manifesto of the English Movement;4.William Wordsworth--“a worshipper of nature”;--nature and country poems: “I Wanderered Lonely as a Cloud”; “The World is Too Much with us”; “Tintern Abbey”; “To a Butterfly” “The Solitary Reaper”; “Lucy Poems”;--theories on poetry; “Poetry is a spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings; it takes its orgin from emotion recollected in tranquility.”--W ordsworth‟s view of nature: critique of materialism; a source of mental cleanliness; the guardian of the heart; the beneficial influence of nature;--Appreciation: “I Wanderered Lonely as a Cloud”; “Tintern Abbey”;5.Samuel Taylor Coleridge:“The Rime of the Ancient Mariner”6. George Gordon Byron:--Byronic Hero: an idealised but flawed anti-hero created by Byron; love of freedom, hatred of tyranny, passionate, rebellious, chivalrous, arrogant, cynical, individualistic, isolated, single-handedly, melancholy--major poems by Byron: “Childe Harold‟s Pilgrimage”(Byronic Hero); “Don Juan”; “She Walks in Beauty”; “The Isles of Greece” (Appreciation)7. Percy Bysshe Shelley:--Plato‟s influence; pantheism--“Prometheus Unbound”; “Ode to the West Wind”“Prometheus Unbound”; “Ode to a Skylark”;“Queen Mab”; “A Defense of Poetry”;-- Appreciation : “Ode to the West Wind”: themes of death and rebirth; destruction and regeneration;8. John Keats-- “Ode on a Grecian Urn”; “Ode to a Nightingale”; “Ode to Autumn”; “Endymion”; “Isabella”--Appreciation: “Ode on a Greican Urn”: the powers and limitations of artVI The Victorian Literature (1832-1901) (Unit 13 and Unit 14)1. Authors and Works--William Makepeace Thackray: Vanity Fair--George Eliot: The Mill on the Floss; Silas Marner; Middlemarch; Adam Bede--Jane Austen: Pride and Prejudice: Emma; Sense and Sensibility; Mansfield Park--Thomas Hardy: Far from the Madding Crowd; Tess of the D’Urbervilles; Jude the Obscure; The Return of the Native; The Mayor of Casterbridge--Charlotte Bronte:Jane Eyre; Shirley;--Emily Bronte: Wuthering Heights--Oscar Wilde: The Importance of Being Earnest; A Woman of No Importance--Walter Scott: Ivanhoe;1.Bronte Sisters and the Female Gothic Tradition:--Female Gothic refers to the tradition of Gothic writing by women . . . that represents the female experience within domesticity as one of imprisonment, claustrophobia and terror.2.Appreciation:--Jane Eyre by Charolotte Bronte;--Wuthering Heights by Emily Bronte;3.Naturalism--Definition:Heredity and social environment as the sha ping forces of one‟s character; to determine "scientifically" the underlying forces influencing the actions of the characters.pessimism; fatalism; detached perspective;--Appreciation: “Tess of D‟Urbervilles” by Thomas Hardy4.Aestheticism--Oscar Wilde4. Charles Dickens:--Oliver Twist; David Copperfield; A Tale of Two Cities; Hard Times; Great Expectations; The Pickwick Papers; Little Dorrit5. Poets--Alfred Tennyson: “Break, Break, Break”--Robert Browning: “My Last Duchess” (dramatic monologue)--Mathew Arnold: “Dover Beach” (Appreciation)6.Thomas Hardy--“Shakespeare of the English novel.”--novels of character and environment: Far from the Madding Crowd; Tess of the D’Urbervilles;Jude the Obscure--fatalism;--naturalistic tendencies;7. George Bernard Shaw--the greatest Irish dramatist in the 20th c.--a member of the Fabian society; reformist ideas--Plays: Mrs. Warren’s Profession; Major Barbara8. John Galsworthy--The Forsyte Saga: The Man of Property, In Chancery, and To Let.--Analysis: The Man of PropertyVII. The Modern Period (Unit 15)1. Modernism:--theorectical basis;--innovative forms;--thematic concerns;3. Steam of consciousness novel:--Bergson‟s theory of ps ychological time;--Definition:The style of writing that attempts to imitate the natural flow of a character‟s thoughts, feelings, reflections, memories, and mental images as the character experiences them.--Virginia Woolf and James Joyce4. Virginia Woolf--“Modern Fiction” (attacked the traditional way of novel-writing)--Mrs. Dalloway; To the Lighthouse; The Waves--Mrs. Dalloway: appreciation5. James Joyce--an Irish writer;--Dubliners, A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man, Ulysses--Ulysses (Theme, techniques)6. Psychological Fiction--Freudian‟s theories;--D. H. Lawrence: Sons and Lovers; The Rainbow; Women in Love; Lady Chatterley’s Lover--Sons and Lovers: appreciation7. Other important writers:--E. M. Forster: A Passage to India; A Room with a View; Where Angels Fear to Tread; Howards End;--William Golding: Lord of the Flies;--Joseph Conrad: Heart of Darkness; Lord Jim;VIII. Postwar Literature (Unit 16)1.Existentialism--“Existence precedes essence”--Theme;2. Theatre of the Absurd--Samuel Beckett: Nobel prize--Harold Pinter: Nobel Prize--Definition--Waiting for Godot (Beckett):3. Angry Y oung Man:--mid-1950s;--John Osborne: Look Back in Anger4. Metafiction:--definition:--John Fowles: The French L ieutenant’s Woman5. Symbolism:--definiton;--T. S. Eliot: “The Waste Land” (spiritiual empitness and emotional impoverishment)--William Butler Y eats: “Sailing to Byzantium”;（Appreciation）“The Second Coming”; “Leda and the Swan”;。
英国文学要点总结
英国Chapter1 The Renaissance period（14世纪至十七世纪中叶）文艺复兴1. Humanism is the essence of the Renaissance.人文主义是文艺复兴的核心。
2. the Greek and Roman civilization was based on such a conception that man is the measure of all things.人文主义作为文艺复兴的起源是因为古希腊罗马文明的基础是以“人”为中心，人是万物之灵。
3. Renaissance humanists found in then classics a justification to exalt human nature and came to see that human beings were glorious creatures capable of individual development in the direction of perfection, and that the world they inhabited was theirs not to despise but to question, explore, and enjoy.人文主义者们却从古代文化遗产中找到充足的论据，来赞美人性，并开始注意到人类是崇高的生命，人可以不断发展完善自己，而且世界是属于他们的，供他们怀疑，探索以及享受。
4. Thomas More, Christopher Marlowe and William Shakespeare are the best representatives of the English humanists.托马斯.摩尔，克利斯朵夫.马洛和威廉.莎士比亚是英国人文主义的代表。
5. Wyatt introduced the Petrarchan sonnet into England.怀亚特将彼特拉克的十四行诗引进英国。
英国文学史知识点
一、The Anglo-Saxon period (449-1066)1、这个时期的文学作品分类: pagan(异教徒) Christian(基督徒)2、代表作: The Song of Beowulf 《贝奥武甫》( national epic 民族史诗) 采用了隐喻手法3、Alliteration 押头韵(写作手法)例子: of man was the mildest and most beloved,To his kin the kindest, keenest for praise、二、The Anglo-Norman period (1066-1350)Canto 诗章1、romance 传奇文学2、代表作: Sir Gawain and the Green Knight (高文爵士与绿衣骑士) 就是一首押头韵的长诗三、Geoffrey Chaucer (1340-1400) 杰弗里、乔叟时期1、the father of English poetry 英国诗歌之父2、heroic couplet 英雄双韵体:a verse unit consisting of two rhymed(押韵) lines in iambic pentameter(五步抑扬格)3、代表作:the Canterbury Tales 坎特伯雷的故事(英国文学史的开端)大致内容:the pilgrims are people from various parts of England, representatives of various walks of life and social groups、朝圣者都就是来自英国的各地的人,代表着社会的各个不同阶层与社会团体小说特点:each of the narrators tells his tale in a peculiar manner, thus revealing his own views and character、这些叙述者以自己特色的方式讲述自己的故事,无形中表明了各自的观点,展示了各自的性格。
英国文学史--最全总结中英
盎格鲁撒克逊时代426—1066盎格鲁诺曼时代1066—1350Chaucder乔叟时代 1350—1485莎士比亚时代1564—1636清教徒时代 Puritan 1636—1660古典主义时代 1660—1744约翰逊时代 1744—1785浪漫主义时代1786—1832维多利亚时代 1832—1900现代第一章Anglo-Saxon （426—1066）旧约：上帝创世纪新约：耶稣古英语诗歌分为的世俗的1.Beowulf 史诗（三千行的长诗，关于英雄战绩的故事）2.文字来源于日耳曼系3.基督教的文学：瑞特文的故事Caedmon第二章Angol-Norman（1066—1350）中世纪英语：基督教义，自我拯救1.传奇文学---传奇的兴起Romances1）容：传奇好像现在的长篇，有诗，有散文唯一的描写古代的高贵的英雄所经历的冒险生活和恋爱故事。
2）产生：传奇文学完全是由中世纪的“骑士制度”(Chivalry)所产生的，骑士制度的精神产物就是传奇文学所以他们和平民丝毫没有关系，且平民也绝写不出这一类的文字。
3）分类：不列颠的事迹 the matter of Britain法国的事迹罗马的事迹第三章：乔叟的时代（1350—1458）背景：百年战争（The Hundred’s War）1.Geoffrey Chaucer：文艺复兴以前，英国文学界最伟大的人物。
The Canterbury Tales1）三个阶段：第一时期--早年—模仿法国简短的情歌和寓言第二时期—研究意大利文艺的时期第三时期—在文学上成功的时期，为他自己以国文写作的时期2）．近代诗人英文作家中，第一个以浪漫作风写男女日常生活的人3）.特点：反对迫害，反对禁欲，文艺复兴的报春者a他在英语上发明音调b他把英国中部的日常言语加以修改，以告成英文与英国文学。
c完美的音律，倾向于音乐化d 创设接近社会生活的作品；眼光思想都很广阔；音乐的眼光第四章：民间文学1．歌谣的来源：歌德Geothe说：民歌的价值，全在直接从“自然“中得到它的原动力。
英国文学史笔记学习资料
英国文学史简介英国文学史简介楼主一、中世纪文学（约5世纪-1485）英国最初的文学同其他国家最初的文学一样，不是书面的，而是口头的。
故事与传说口头流传，并在讲述中不断得到加工、扩展，最后才有写本。
公元5世纪中叶，盎格鲁、撒克逊、朱特三个日耳曼部落开始从丹麦以及现在的荷兰一带地区迁入不列颠。
盎格鲁-撒克逊时代给我们留下的古英语文学作品中，最重要的一部是《贝奥武甫》（beowulf），它被认为是英国的民族史诗。
《贝奥武甫》讲述主人公贝尔武甫斩妖除魔、与火龙搏斗的故事，具有神话传奇色彩。
这部作品取材于日耳曼民间传说，随盎格鲁-撒克逊人入侵传入今天的英国，现在我们所看到的诗是8世纪初由英格兰诗人写定的，当时，不列颠正处于从中世纪异教社会向以基督教文化为主导的新型社会过渡的时期。
因此，《贝奥武甫》也反映了7、8世纪不列颠的生活风貌，呈现出新旧生活方式的混合，兼有氏族时期的英雄主义和封建时期的理想，体现了非基督教日耳曼文化和基督教文化两种不同的传统。
二、文艺复兴时期文学（15世纪后期-17世纪初）相对于欧洲其他国家来说，英国的文艺复兴起始较晚，通常认为是在15世纪末。
文艺复兴时期形成的思想体系被称为人文主义，它主张以人为本，反对中世纪以神为中心的世界观，提倡积极进取、享受现世欢乐的生活理想。
托马斯·莫尔（Thomas more， 1478-1535）是英国最主要的早期人文主义者，他的《乌托邦》（utopia）批评了当时的英国和欧洲社会，设计了一个社会平等、财产公有、人们和谐相处的理想国。
utopia现已成为空想主义的代名词，但乌托邦是作者对当时社会状况进行严肃思考的结果。
《乌托邦》开创了英国哲理幻想小说传统的先河，这一传统从培根的《新大西岛》（the new Atlantis）、斯威夫特的《格列佛游记》（gulliver's travels）、勃特勒的《埃瑞璜》（erewhon）一直延续到20世纪的科幻小说。
(完整word版)最全面英国文学史知识点总结
英国文学史I. Old English Literature & The Late Medieval Ages<Beowulf>贝奥武夫:the national epic of the Anglo-SaxonsEpic: long narrative poems that record the adventures or heroic deeds of a hero enacted in vast landscapes. The style of epic is grand and elevated.Artistic features:1. Using alliterationDefinition of alliteration: a rhetorical device, meaning some words in a sentence begin with the same consonant sound（头韵）Some examples on P52. Using metaphor and understatementDefinition of understatement: expressing something in a controlled way Understatement is a typical way for Englishmen to express their ideasGeoffery Chaucer 杰弗里·乔叟1340~1400(首创“双韵体”，英国文学史上首先用伦敦方言写作。
约翰·德莱顿（John Dryden）称其为“英国诗歌之父”。
代表作《坎特伯雷故事集》。
)The father of English poetry.writing style: wisdom, humor, humanity.①<The Canterbury Tales>坎特伯雷故事集：first time to use ‘heroic couplet’(双韵体) by middle English②<Troilus and Criseyde>特罗伊拉斯和克莱希德③<The House of Fame>声誉之宫Medieval Ages’popular Literary form: Romance(传奇故事)Famous three：King ArthurSir Gawain and the Green KnightBeowulfII The Renaissance PeriodA period of drama and poetry. The Elizabethan drama is the real mainstream of the English Renaissance.Renaissance: the activity, spirit, or time of the great revival of art, literature, and learning in Europe beginning in the 14th century and extending to the 17th century, marking the transition from the medieval to the modern world.Three historical events of the Renaissance – rebirth or revival:1. new discoveries in geography and astrology2. the religious reformation and economic expansion3. rediscovery of ancient Roman and Greek cultureThe most famous dramatists:Christopher MarloweWilliam ShakespeareBen Johnson.1. Edmund Spenser埃德蒙·斯宾塞1552~1599（后人称之为“诗人的诗人”。
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英国文学史I. Old English Literature & The Late Medieval Ages<Beowulf>贝奥武夫:the national epic of the Anglo-SaxonsEpic: long narrative poems that record the adventures or heroic deeds of a hero enacted in vast landscapes. The style of epic is grand and elevated.Artistic features:1. Using alliterationDefinition of alliteration: a rhetorical device, meaning some words in a sentence begin with the same consonant sound（头韵）Some examples on P52. Using metaphor and understatementDefinition of understatement: expressing something in a controlled way Understatement is a typical way for Englishmen to express their ideasGeoffery Chaucer 杰弗里·乔叟1340~1400(首创“双韵体”，英国文学史上首先用伦敦方言写作。
约翰·德莱顿（John Dryden）称其为“英国诗歌之父”。
代表作《坎特伯雷故事集》。
)The father of English poetry.writing style: wisdom, humor, humanity.①<The Canterbury Tales>坎特伯雷故事集：first time to use ‘heroic couplet’(双韵体) by middle English②<Troilus and Criseyde>特罗伊拉斯和克莱希德③<The House of Fame>声誉之宫Medieval Ages’popular Literary form: Romance(传奇故事)Famous three：King ArthurSir Gawain and the Green KnightBeowulfII The Renaissance PeriodA period of drama and poetry. The Elizabethan drama is the real mainstream of the English Renaissance.Renaissance: the activity, spirit, or time of the great revival of art, literature, and learning in Europe beginning in the 14th century and extending to the 17th century, marking the transition from the medieval to the modern world.Three historical events of the Renaissance – rebirth or revival:1. new discoveries in geography and astrology2. the religious reformation and economic expansion3. rediscovery of ancient Roman and Greek cultureThe most famous dramatists:Christopher MarloweWilliam ShakespeareBen Johnson.1. Edmund Spenser埃德蒙·斯宾塞1552~1599（后人称之为“诗人的诗人”。
）The poets’poet. The first to be buried in the Poet’s corner of Westerminster Abbey①<The Faerie Queene>仙后(for Queen Elizabeth)T he theme is not “Arms and the man”, but something more romantic “Fierce wars and faithfull loves”.Artistic features:1. Using Spenserian StanzaDefinition of Spenserian Stanza:a stanza of nine lines ababbcbcc. Eight lines in iambic pentameter, and last line in iambic hexameter.②<The Shepherds Calendar>牧人日历The theme is to lament over the loss of Rosalind.③<Amoretti>爱情小唱?2. Thomas? More托马斯?莫尔1478~1535One of the greatest English humanists①<Utopia>乌托邦3. Francis? Bacon弗兰西斯·培根1561~1626（哲学家、散文家；在论述探究知识的著作中提出了知识就是力量这一著名论断；近代唯物主义哲学的奠基人和近代实验科学的先驱。
）Philosopher, scientist, lay the foundation for modern science. The first Englishessayist.?Writing style:brevity, compactness&powerfulness, well-arranging and enriching by Biblical allusions, metaphors and philosophy to man’s reason.①<The Advancement of Learning>学术的推进②<Essays>随笔(famous quotas: <Of studies>)?The theme of Of Studies: uses and benefits of study and different ways adopted by different people to pursue studies.4. Ben Jonson①<Comedy of Humours>②<V olpone, or the fox>狐狸5. Christopher? Marlowe柯里斯托弗·马洛1564~1595“University Wits”, the pioneer of English drama（完善了无韵体诗。
）Blank verse: written in unrhymed iambic pentameter.①<The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus>浮士德博士的悲剧（根据德国民间故事书写成）②<Tamburlaine>帖木耳大帝?③<The Jew of Malta>马耳他的犹太人6. William Shakespeare威廉·莎士比亚1564~1616?①Historical plays: Henry VI ; Henry IV : Richard III ; Henry V ；Richard II；Henry VIII②Four Comedies四大喜剧:<As You Like It>皆大欢喜;<Twelfth Night>第十二夜;<A Midsummer Night’S Dream>仲夏夜之梦;<Merchant Of Venice>威尼斯商人③Four Tragedies四大悲剧:<Hamlet>哈姆莱特;<Othello>奥赛罗;<King Lear>李尔王;<Macbeth>麦克白④Shakespeare Sonnet :154 <The Sonnets>Three quatrain and one couplet, ababcdcdefefggA sonnet is a lyric consisting of 14 lines, usually in iambic pentameter restricted to a definition rhyme scheme.III The 17th Century1. John Milton约翰·弥尔顿1608~1674（诗人、政论家;失明后写《失乐园》、《复乐园》、《力士参孙》。
）①Epics: <Paradise Lost>失乐园<Paradise? Regained>复乐园②Dramatic poem: < Samson Agonistes>力士参孙③<Areopagitica>论出版自由?<The Defence of the English People>为英国人民声辩④<On His Blindness>我的失明This sonnet is written in iambic pentameter rhymed in abba abba cde cde, typical of Italian sonnet.Its theme is that people use their talent for God, and they serve him best sho can endure the suffering best.2. John Bunyan约翰·班扬1628~1688（代表作《天路历程》，宗教寓言，被誉为“具有永恒意义的百科全书”，是英国文学史上里程碑式著作。