托福阅读翻译及逻辑分析

C 反映，体现(果-因)：reflect, present, demonstrate, suggest, imply, show This result demonstrates that… D 考虑到：given, considering, in view of, thanks to, according to He succeeded thanks to (in view of) his effort。 E 依赖于：rely on, depend on, resort to, He resorted to books when he had problems。 F 条件关系：when, once, as soon as, as long as As soon as he got the money, he would leave the country at once。 G 分词短语，不定式做状语：Failing in the final exam, she cried。
长难句的对比转折逻辑关系 A 对比：while, whereas, on the other hand 在解释句子题、插入句子题中，一旦出现对比关系， 同学们在掌握的基础上就能非常快速的判定句间和句内的 关系。 B 转折：but, although, despite, in spite of, nevertheless, however 长难句的否定逻辑关系 一般来说，否定关系的结构分为两种：显性否定（就是直 接否定）和双重否定。这两种否定形式常用的关联词总结 如下： 显性否定：no, not, never, nor, none neither 隐形否定：fail to, refuse, remove, miss, reject, absence of, lack of 否定前缀：a-, ab-, dis-, il-, im-, in-, non- , un-
译文：在十九世纪中期铁路和电报系统的发展导致了在速度、音量和普 通的船运和通讯上的明显的进步，使生产和分发货物方面的一个基础的 转变有可能发生。
6、Instead of trying to keep down the body temperature deep inside the body, which would involved the expenditure of water and energy, desert mammals allow their temperatures to rise to what would normally be fever height, and temperatures as high as 46 degrees Celsius have been measured in Grant’s gazelles.
长难句的因果逻辑关系 显性因果：1、because, because of, for, as, since, in that, on account of, with 2、so, so that, therefore, thereby, as a result, hence, thus, consequently, accordingly 隐性因果： A 导致(因-果)：cause, reason, lead to, give rise to, result in, render, make, let, ask, support, push, stimulate, spark, spur, fuel, produce, be responsible for B 由…而来(果-因)：result from, derive from, originate from, initiate from, stem from, be responsive to, be attributable to
Hale Waihona Puke 3、For a number of years the selection of music for each film program rested entirely in the hands of the conductor or leader of the orchestra, and very often the principal qualifications for holding such a position was not skill or taste so much as the ownership of a large personal library of musical pieces. 译文：多年以来电影音乐的选择程序完全掌握在导演和音乐督导手 中，通常拥有这些权力的主要资格并非是自身的技艺和品味而更多 的是因为拥有大量的个人音乐素材库。 4、The musicians within the orchestra’s ranks enrich their community immeasurably by ensuring that new generations of musicians, or simply music lovers, are given the kind of superior instruction that only an actively engaged, practicing musician can impart. 译文：有管弦乐家的级别音乐家们可以无限制地有利于他们的团体， 靠通过确保给新一代的音乐家们或简易的音乐爱好者们一种高级的 指导，这种指导只能由一个活的已加入的具有实践经验的音乐家能 传授。
1．Wearing masks and costumes, they often impersonated other people, animals, or supernatural beings, and mined the desired effect – successful hunt or battle, the coming rain, the revival of the Sun – as an actor might. 译文：戴着面具身着盛装的人们，经常扮演各种其他人物、 动物或超自然生灵，并且作为一个扮演者所能做的，就是 期盼一个在狩猎或战役中获胜、降雨的来临，阳光的重现 的结果。 2、Accustomed though we are to speaking of the films made before 1972 as “silent”, the film has never been, in the full sense of the word, silent. 译文：虽然我们习惯谈到1972年以前的电影是无声的， 但用一句完全感性的话来说电影从来就不是没有声音 的。
5、The development of the railroad and telegraph systems during the middle of the nineteenth century led to significant improvements in the speed, volume, and regularity of shipments and communications, making possible a fundamental transformation in the production and distribution of goods.
译文：除了尽量去保持身体深处的低体温，这将包括支出水和能量， 沙漠哺乳动物们允许他们的温度上升到一个通常来说是发烧的温度并 且温度高达46摄氏度，这已被在格兰特瞪羚羊测得。
A 同级比较 as…as B 比较级：more…than, -er than, less…than C 变化：change, alter, vary, modify, revise, increase, decrease, enhance, diminish, develop, progress, advance, improve, retreat, degenerate, continue, remain D 差异：different, distinguish, separate, same, similar, comparable, compare…to E 超越：surpass, exceed, excel, over F 最高级 1)本身有最高级含义：maximum, minimum, peak, outstanding, top 2) 本身程度比较深：amazing, surprising, astonishing, prohibitively high 3) 否定+比 较=最高级 No one is more outstanding than him。