环境科学概论教学课件(第二讲)英文版PPT
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ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
Composition of an ecosystem
Biotic environment
Abiotic environment
9
Limiting factor: A shortage or absence of a
key factor restricts the success of the species; thus the factor is known as a limiting factor.
Limiting Factors: A shortage or absence of a key factor restricts the success of the species; thus the factor is known as a limiting factor.
Habitat: The habitat of an organism is the space that the organism inhabits, the place where it lives (its address) Niche: is the functional role it has in its surroundings (its profession).
Species : is a population of organisms in which the individuals are potentially able to interbreed and produce fertile offspring.
7
1 Ecological Concepts
Ecology: is the study of the ways organisms interact with each other and with their nonliving surroundings.
Environment: Everything that affects an organism during its lifetime is collectively known as its environment. it is useful to subdivide the concept of environment into abiotic (nonliving) and biotic (living) factors. Abiotic factors can be organized into several broad categories: energy, nonliving matter, and processes that involve the interaction of nonliving matter and energy. Biotic factors include all forms of life with which it interacts.
CHAPTER TWO Interactions: Environment and
Organisms
1
Bee and sunflower
2
Soybean and rhizobium
3
Fish and coral
Fish and shrimp
4
eagle frog
paddy
grasshopper
5
snake
6
OBJECTIVES After reading this chapter, you should be able to: Identify the abiotic and biotic factors in an ecosystem. . Define niche. Describe the process of natural selection as it operates to refine the fit between organism, habitat, and niche. Describe predator-prey, parasite-host, competitive, mutualistic, and commensalistic relationships. Differentiate between a community and an ecosystem. List some of the components of an ecosystem. Define the roles of producer, herbivore, carnivore, omnivore, and decomposer. . Describe energy flow in an ecosystem. Relate the concepts of food webs and food chains to trophic levels. Explain the cycling of nutrients such as nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorus through an ecosystem.
10
Environment is the home.
Habitat(生境）:The habitat of an organism is the space that the
organism inhabits, the place where it lives (its address) .
11
12
Niche: is the functional role it has in its surroundings (its profession).
13
2 The Role of Natural Selection and Evolution Population: a group of individuals of the same species inhabiting a particular area at a specific time.
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
Composition of an ecosystem
Biotic environment
Abiotic environment
9
Limiting factor: A shortage or absence of a
key factor restricts the success of the species; thus the factor is known as a limiting factor.
Limiting Factors: A shortage or absence of a key factor restricts the success of the species; thus the factor is known as a limiting factor.
Habitat: The habitat of an organism is the space that the organism inhabits, the place where it lives (its address) Niche: is the functional role it has in its surroundings (its profession).
Species : is a population of organisms in which the individuals are potentially able to interbreed and produce fertile offspring.
7
1 Ecological Concepts
Ecology: is the study of the ways organisms interact with each other and with their nonliving surroundings.
Environment: Everything that affects an organism during its lifetime is collectively known as its environment. it is useful to subdivide the concept of environment into abiotic (nonliving) and biotic (living) factors. Abiotic factors can be organized into several broad categories: energy, nonliving matter, and processes that involve the interaction of nonliving matter and energy. Biotic factors include all forms of life with which it interacts.
CHAPTER TWO Interactions: Environment and
Organisms
1
Bee and sunflower
2
Soybean and rhizobium
3
Fish and coral
Fish and shrimp
4
eagle frog
paddy
grasshopper
5
snake
6
OBJECTIVES After reading this chapter, you should be able to: Identify the abiotic and biotic factors in an ecosystem. . Define niche. Describe the process of natural selection as it operates to refine the fit between organism, habitat, and niche. Describe predator-prey, parasite-host, competitive, mutualistic, and commensalistic relationships. Differentiate between a community and an ecosystem. List some of the components of an ecosystem. Define the roles of producer, herbivore, carnivore, omnivore, and decomposer. . Describe energy flow in an ecosystem. Relate the concepts of food webs and food chains to trophic levels. Explain the cycling of nutrients such as nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorus through an ecosystem.
10
Environment is the home.
Habitat(生境）:The habitat of an organism is the space that the
organism inhabits, the place where it lives (its address) .
11
12
Niche: is the functional role it has in its surroundings (its profession).
13
2 The Role of Natural Selection and Evolution Population: a group of individuals of the same species inhabiting a particular area at a specific time.