西方文化导论Unit3

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西方文化导论

Western Culture: An Introduction（西方文化导论）Chapter 1 Culture in Ancient Greece （古希腊文化）1.Cradle of western civilization （西方文明的摇篮）---Ancient Greek“We are all Greeks.”------Percy Bysshe Shelley (珀西·比希·雪莱)When Shelley said “We are all Greeks”, he is expressing his buy-in（认同）to the then current belief that European culture could trace its roots back （追根溯源于）to the Greek ideals and customs. This would include everything: architecture, education, medicine, our basic myths and memes, government, etc.2.Phases of development )（发展阶段）Delphi 特尔斐(希腊古都)Three Ages:ca.3000-1200 BC, the Heroic Age（英雄时代）(ca. 1200-750 BC), the Greek City-State （希腊城邦）and the Persian Wars（波斯战争）(ca. 750-480 BC), the Golden Age （黄金时代）(Ca. 480-430 BC).Bronze Age Civilizations of the Aegean (ca. 3000-1200 BC):1.1Minoan[miˈnəuən] civilization 克里特文明flourished between 2000-1400 BC, when itseems to be absorbed or destroyed by the Mycenaeans.The most famous of the leg ends of Minoan culture is Minotaur [ˈmaɪnətɔ:(r)] 人身牛头怪/弥诺陶洛斯, a being “part man and part bull”.Where did the Renaissance start with the flowering of paintings, sculpture and architecture?In Florence 佛罗伦萨（意大利都市名）and Venice()意大利港市.1.2Mycenae[maiˈsi:ni:]迈锡尼/Mycenaean [maisiˈni:ən] culture (ca. 1600-1200).By 1600 BC, the Mycenaeans had established themselves in the Aegean（爱琴海）.Around 1200 BC, the Mycenaeans attacked Troy, a commercial stronghold on the northwest coast of Asia Minor小亚细亚半岛. The ten-year-long war between Mycenae and Troy would provide the historical context for the Iliad [ˈɪliəd] （伊利亚特）and the Odyssey [ˈɒdəsi]（奥赛德）. ------ Homer（荷马）, the blind Greek poetTrojan war (特洛伊战争)------ Penelope’s web 珀涅罗珀的织物；故意拖延的策略；永远做不完的工作1.2.1The Heroic Age (ca. 1200-750 BC): after 1200 BC, more powerful, iron-bearing tribes of Dorians (多利亚人约于前1200-1000年间从巴尔干半岛北部迁入希腊，后来建立了斯巴达（Sparta）、科林斯（Corinth）、阿尔戈斯（Argos）等城邦，更多时候是作为入侵者和征服者被看待，荷马认为其野蛮黑暗), a Greek-speaking people from the north, destroyed Mycenaean civilization.Peloponnesian Wars 伯罗奔尼撒战争(431-404 BC)between Athens(雅典) and Sparta(斯巴达)；Years of internal wars weakened the once powerful Greek city-states of Sparta, Athens, Thebes（底比斯）, and Corinth（科林斯）. Philip II of Macedonia （马其顿）(northern Greece) rose to power and, in 338 BC, he rode south and conquered the cities of Thebes and Athens, uniting most of Greece under his rule. Upon Philip II ‘s death, his son, Alexander the Great（亚历山大大帝）, took control and proceeded to conquer all of the lands between Greece and India including Egypt.After the death of Alexander in 323 BC, Macedonia was defeated by Roma（罗马）at the Battleof Cynoscephalae（基诺斯山战役）in 197 BC and then again at the Battle of Pydna（皮德纳战役）in 168 BC. The Greeks were finally defeated at the Battle of Corinth in 146 BC. Rome completely destroyed and plundered（掠夺）the city of Corinth as an example to other Greek cities.1.2.2The Greek City-State and the Persian Wars (ca. 750-480 BC)In 490 BC, Battle of Marathon 马拉松战役In 480 BC, Battle of the Hot Gates and Battle of Salamis 萨拉米斯海战Persian Wars(希波战争): Herodotus 希罗多德(ca. 485-425 BC), the father of history 历史之父。

西方文化导论ancient Greece 教案

Ancient GreeceI. A general introduction of Ancient GreeceToday we are going to visit the world of Ancient Greece. Ancient Greece was really the start , or origin of European civilization. It was the foundation of western politics, law, art and culture. Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome together are sometimes called the "classical world" or "classical civilization." The study of Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome is called "classics". The civilization of Ancient Greece was at its height about 400-500 years BC. At that time, it was one of the most advanced places on Earth, in terms of economics and culture.However, it is not really correct to say that Ancient Greece was one country , as we think of a country today. Ancient Greece was actually a large number of small independent cities. This was thanks to the geography of Greece : the large number of mountains, hills and valleys divided the country up into small areas. Each of these areas had their own government, and they have been called city states. the most famous of these is of course Athens. The name Athens comes from the Greek goddess Athena, who was the goddess of knowledge and wisdom. However, in spite of this, the people of ancient Greece still saw themselves as Greek. They had the same language, the same culture, and the same religion. In many respects, society in ancient Greece was very different to society today. In one example, men and women were not equal and were treated differently. Men could go to the theatre and talk about politics and things like that, but women had to stay at home. women were not allowed to take part in politics and public life. They just had to stay at home and do the domestic work. Most families also had slaves. These slaves were not given the same rights as a Greek citizen. They couldn't own their own houses or land--they just had to be servants in somebody else's house. Slavery was very common, and even a poor Greek family might have a few slaves. It was not just the Greeks that did this. However--slavery was normal in ancient world--- it happened in Ancient Egypt, Ancient Greece, and Ancient Rome. In spite of this, there are also many positive things about Ancient Greece ---things which have an enormous impact on history. One thing Ancient Greece is famous for was its intellectual life. Ancient Greece philosophers ,like Aristotle, Plato and Socrates used reason an d logic to try and understand the world. The Greeks are also famous for their science ---particularly in mathematics and astronomy. Their understanding in these areas was very advanced and sophiscated for their time. Their discoveries had a large impact on modern philosophy and modern science. Ancient Greek culture was also very famous. Perhaps the most important literature that came out of ancient Greece are the works of Homer. He wrote two epics, known as Iliad and Odyssey. They are generally seen as the first great works in the history of western literature. The Ancient Greeks also invented the theatre and drama as we know it today. Religion was another important part of life here. The Greeks were polytheists, that is , they believed in many different gods. A lot of the stories and mythology of Ancient Greece are to do with these different gods. Greek architecture is also famous because Greek religion was very important, the largest and most beautiful buildings are religious buildings, such as temples to different gods. The Greek style or classical style became the standard for great buildingsin Europe and it still is today. Many famous buildings in Europe and America are built in this style---including the White House. Another legacy from Ancient Greece was the sport. The Greeks invented the sports competitions to honor their gods. The most famous of these was held every four years in a place called Olympia. It is from this we get the Olympics. From politics to culture, from architecture to sport, Ancient Greece's influence on later European civilization has been extremely important.Outline:Ancient Greece was really the start or origin of western civilization.Geography: mountainousPolitics: city-states/ poleisslave-based democracy politicsPhilosophy: philosophers like Socrates, Plato, and AristotleScience: mathematics, astronomyA polis or city state is state made up of a city and its surrounding countryside and townsLiterature: epics ( Iliad and Odyssey), poetry, and dramaReligion: polytheists, mythologyArchitecture: standard styleSport: OlympicsII. Learning objectives●To get a brief view of the history and development of Greek Civilization●To be familiar with Greek culture in mythology, religion, philosophy, history, literature and arts●To know some representative philosophers and their contributionsIII. Word studyNeolithic ['niə'lɪθɪk] adj. [古] 新石器时代的；早先的Cretan [‘kritən] n. 克里特岛人adj. 克利特岛的Mycenean civilisation 迈锡尼文明Thessaly[‘θesəli] n. 塞萨利（希腊地名)Trojan [‘trodʒən] adj. 特洛伊的；特洛伊人的Iliad英[‘iliəd] n. 伊里亚特（相传为荷马所做的古希腊史诗）Odyssey英美 ['ɑdəsi] n. 奥德赛（古希腊史诗）Ajax ['eidʒæks ]n.【希腊神话】（亦作Ajax Telamon] ／'teləmən／，Great Ajax(大)埃阿斯(特洛伊围攻战中的希腊英雄，骁勇和膂力仅次于阿喀琉斯。

Unit3-题西方文化导论

Think and Discuss
Text Study
Think and Discuss
The Old Testament is the Judaist Bible which was a complete document and collection of ancient Hebrew adopted by Christianity as part of the Bible. It was written in Hebrew, including the three parts: Pentateuch, Prophets and Hagiographa and Apocrypha. After the Old Testament was translated into Greek by Jewish scholars，many westerners began to understand Judaism by reading this book. It is not only of religious value but also of literatry value in terms of both subject matter and thematic concerns for the writers to refer to or draw on.
(1) Isaac Israeli (2) Baruch Spinoza (3) Sholem Aleyshem
(4) Issac Singer (5) Shmuel Agnon
a. pan-theological philosopher b. follower of Neo-platonism c. the Nobel Prize winner for

西方文化导论Unit

5. _P_o_p_a_r_t_ intends to set up a style of impersonality by employing the imagery of commercialized art or other art forms of the mass media.
Text Study
Comprehension Exercises
Multiple choice.
(1) Impressionism got its name from ________famous painting Impression: Sunrise.
A. Pissarro’s B. Monet’s C. van Gogh’s D. Paul Gauguin’s
_T_ 5. Jazz was initially influenced by two kinds of Negro music: ragtime and blues.
Comprehension Exercises
Text Study
Comprehension Exercises
Fill in the blanks.
_T_ 3. The role of TV is an important link between the individual
and the public or social side of life.
_F_ 4. The major four Western agencies are: Associated Press, BBC, Reuters and Press de France Nouvelle.
_fa_u_v_i_s_m_ and expressionism.

西方文化导论

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59BC—AD17 He was Octavian's contemporary. History of Rome: he began it between 2725BC and published it in instalments which at once brought him fame. The book consisted of 142 volumes.
His books:
The book of Satires The Odes Epistles
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Publius Ovidius Naso (43BC—AD17) He was born in a valley of the Apennines, eats of Rome, and was educated to Rome where he studied both rthetoric and law.
》 It includes battles against the Belgic tribes (combined with Gaul), and his crossing the sea and sailing up the Thames to invade Britain.
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LOGO
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Roman playwright (254—184BC) He was born in humble circumstances at Sarsina, Umbria, and once worked as a stagecarpenter.

西方文化导论XS106011 1.3 希腊化文化

罗马诺国立博物馆

波留克列特斯

持矛者
来自意大利庞贝约公元前450-440年青铜原作的罗马大理石复制品高约210.8cm

那不勒斯国立考古博物馆

菲迪亚斯名作品为

公元前 4 世纪是希腊雕刻古典后期，风格优美柔和，裸体女性成为雕刻家热衷的主题。
马和罗得岛等地。
《萨莫色雷斯的尼开神像》

胜利女神像
《垂死的高卢人》
自杀的高卢人
(帕加马)

紧张瞬间对比:
立与垂下、生与死、动与静、形体的仰与俯、正与侧转
《米洛的阿芙罗蒂德》( 通常称作《维纳斯像》)

她上身赤裸，起伏变化的玉肌似丘如谷，臂部富有肉感的曲线与腰际的浅涡令人消魂，这真实得似有体温的胴体散发出醉人的芳香，但仍不失端庄典雅与崇高优美。整个形象给人以矜持而智慧的亲切感，雕刻家确实创造了一个人化了的神。
希腊雕刻古典后期

柏拉西特列斯的杰作是《萨提儿》、《赫尔墨斯》。列西普斯：《刮汗污的运动员》、《赫拉克勒斯》。史柯巴斯留下许多头像，都着力表现人物面部表情，传达一种强烈感情，与前者风格迥异。
柏拉西特列斯《萨提儿》《赫尔墨斯》
《萨提儿》→
列西普斯代表作：
《刮汗污的运动员》《赫拉克勒斯》

主要历史著作是《希腊史》《远征记》和《苏格拉底回忆录》。
八古希腊的建筑与雕塑

希腊古典美术贯穿着两个要素 : “自然”和“理想”。

表现理想化的自然，便是希腊艺术的核心。
古典希腊造型艺术的形式法则就是要遵循质朴、合理、端庄、谐调的原则。希腊古典艺术在公元前5世纪的古典盛期时代成熟。形成了以雅典为主要的创作中心。

西方文化导论课件Unit

(1) Italy’s prosperous trade and production of handicraft, which furnished a material basis for cultural development
Main Ideas
Main Ideas
Text Study
(2) its rich variety of urban social life coinciding with the emergence of more cities where manufacturing and commercial activities called for the vigorous development of cultural life
中世纪（Middle Ages）（约公元476年~公元1453年），是欧洲历史
上的一个时代（主要是西欧），自西罗马帝国灭亡（公元476年）到东罗马帝国灭亡（公元1453年）的这段时期。这个时期的欧洲没有一个强有力的政权来统治。封建割据带来频繁的战争，造成科技和生产力发展停滞，人民生活在毫无希望的痛苦中，所以中世纪或者中世纪早期在欧美普遍被称作“黑暗时代”，传统上认为这是欧洲文明史上发展比较缓慢的时期。
Interpretation of Cultural Terms
Interpretation of Cultural Terms
Text Study
monastic chapter 教会或修道院管理处: a Christian administrative office within the church
Main Ideas
Main Ideas
Text Study
Factors that contributed to the emergence of the Renaissance:

西方文化导论Unit3

西方文化导论(英文)

Comments on Leaves of Grass
• 1). Nature’s beauty uplifts the human spirit(line
•
•
15, 23,24 specially refer to this theme).The nature stimulate the mind of human and give them relaxing and satifatory feeling. 2). People sometimes fail to appreciate nature’s wonders as they go about their routines(17 &18) 3). Nature thrives unattended. The daffodils proliferate in splendor along the shore of the lake without the need of the human attention
2. What does “wander” mean?
Questions about the theme
3. Why do you think the poet chooses to personify daffodils in the poem?
4. What is the relation between the poet and daffodils as described in the poem? 5. What’s the function of nature?
The theme
• The poem was about nature and
describing the great power of nature which may influence our life deeply as revealed in the poem. There is not only the visual effect but also the emotional response . • The choose of the word “lonely” in “I wandered lonely as a cloud” instead of other words like carefree, leisure or jolly convey to us the poet’s depression and disconsolateness悲伤 at the very beginning.

西方文化导论chapter

After the destruction of the western Roman Empire, the church in the West send missionaries （传教士）to convert the peoples of northern Europe, as far as Ireland in the north.
Easter
Pentecost
圣神降临节
Assumption
圣母升天节
Dogma（教理）
Decalogue(天主十诫) 第一诫钦崇一天主在万有之上。第二诫不呼天主圣名以发虚誓。第三诫守瞻礼之日和主日。第四诫孝敬父母，尊敬师长。第五诫不杀人不害人。第六诫不行邪淫。第七诫不偷盗。第八诫不妄证不毁谤人。第九诫不贪图他人妻子第十诫不贪他人财物。
Catholicism
——Katherine
Three major religions in ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱhe world
Buddhism 佛教
Christianity 基督教
Islam 伊斯兰教
Catholicism 天主教
the Eastern
Orthodoxy 东正教
Protestantism 新教
Introductions of Catholicism
The history of Catholicism
Catholicism is the one true church founded by Jesus Christ in the 1st century AD.
Need of politics, the early Christian（基督教徒） was persecuted（迫害） cruelly by Roman Emperor.

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Text Study
Comprehension Exercises
Comprehension Exercises
True or False Questions.
___ F (1) The Old Testament consists of 39 books, the oldest and most important of which are the first 10 books. ___ T (2) The Old Testament was written in Hebrew, including the three parts: Pentateuch, Prophets and Hagiographa and Apocrypha. ___ F (3) Exodus describes how Aaron led the people of Israel out of Egypt in the 13th or 14th centuries BC, including their life in Egypt and how they suffered from oppression. ___ T (4) The Prophets mainly introduces all kinds of prophets. ___ T (5) Apocrypha books are not included in the canon of the Old Testament because of their uncertain authorship or legendary.
Get Started
Text Study
Supplementary Resources
Text Study
Interpretation of Cultural Terms
Interpretation of Cultural Terms
Joseph Pulitzer (1847 – 1911) 约瑟夫∙普利策: A famous Hungarian-born American journalist and newspaper publisher. He run newspapers in St. Louis and New York City and established and endowed the Pulitzer Prizes.
Text Study
Comprehension Exercises
Comprehension Exercises
Multiple Choices (1) The Babylonian Captivity refers to the captivation and imprisonment of the Jews by Nebuchadnezzar II, in ____.
A. Greek
B. Germanic
C. Hebrew
D. Roman
Text Study
Comprehension Exercises
Comprehension Exercises
Please match the following names of great philosophers and writers with their achievements. (1) Isaac Israeli (2) Baruch Spinoza (3) Sholem Aleyshem (4) Issac Singer (5) Shmuel Agnon a. pan-theological philosopher b. follower of Neo-platonism c. the Nobel Prize winner for literature in 1978 d. the Mark Twain of Jews e. the Nobel Prize winner for literature in1000 BC
C. 1000 AD
D. 588 BC
Text Study
Comprehension Exercises
Comprehension Exercises
Multiple Choices (4) ___ won the Nobel Prize for literature in 1978.
A. David and Solomon
B. Moses and David
C. Jacob and David
D. Jacob and Solomon
Text Study
Comprehension Exercises
Comprehension Exercises
Multiple Choices (3) Jerusalem was established as the capital in ___.
(3)
Comprehension Exercises
Comprehension Exercises
Fill in the blanks. the sunset of Friday and lasts to (4) The Sabbath begins from ________________ the sunset of Saturday , which was set apart by ______ __________________ Moses ______ in commemoration of as a holy day, for ___ rest and worship the completion of __________ the creation . Rosh Hashanah . (5) The Jewish New Year is called _____________
Text Study
Comprehension Exercises
Comprehension Exercises
Fill in the blanks. (1)
(2) Jehovah is worshipped as the chief god of the country _______ of Israel. Ezekiel helped Jewish people spread the religion of _______ Judaism and finally confirmed it during the Babylonian Captivity and later period. The core of Judaism is _______________________ Moses’ Ten Commandments and __________________________________________ the rabbis’ interpretations of the prophet’s doctrines .
A. Pulitzer Joseph
B. Saul Bellow
C. Singer
D. Hemingway
Text Study
Comprehension Exercises
Comprehension Exercises
Multiple Choices (5) The ancestor of the Jews is ___.
A. 586 BC
B. 450 BC
C. 330 BC
D. 586
Text Study
Comprehension Exercises
Comprehension Exercises
Multiple Choices (2) In history, Israelite monarchy prospered with the three kings, Saul, ____.