西方文化导论Unit7
西方文化导论
Western Culture: An Introduction（西方文化导论）Chapter 1 Culture in Ancient Greece （古希腊文化）1.Cradle of western civilization （西方文明的摇篮）---Ancient Greek“We are all Greeks.”------Percy Bysshe Shelley (珀西·比希·雪莱)When Shelley said “We are all Greeks”, he is expressing his buy-in（认同）to the then current belief that European culture could trace its roots back （追根溯源于）to the Greek ideals and customs. This would include everything: architecture, education, medicine, our basic myths and memes, government, etc.2.Phases of development )（发展阶段）Delphi 特尔斐(希腊古都)Three Ages:ca.3000-1200 BC, the Heroic Age（英雄时代）(ca. 1200-750 BC), the Greek City-State （希腊城邦）and the Persian Wars（波斯战争）(ca. 750-480 BC), the Golden Age （黄金时代）(Ca. 480-430 BC).Bronze Age Civilizations of the Aegean (ca. 3000-1200 BC):1.1Minoan[miˈnəuən] civilization 克里特文明flourished between 2000-1400 BC, when itseems to be absorbed or destroyed by the Mycenaeans.The most famous of the leg ends of Minoan culture is Minotaur [ˈmaɪnətɔ:(r)] 人身牛头怪/弥诺陶洛斯, a being “part man and part bull”.Where did the Renaissance start with the flowering of paintings, sculpture and architecture?In Florence 佛罗伦萨（意大利都市名）and Venice()意大利港市.1.2Mycenae[maiˈsi:ni:]迈锡尼/Mycenaean [maisiˈni:ən] culture (ca. 1600-1200).By 1600 BC, the Mycenaeans had established themselves in the Aegean（爱琴海）.Around 1200 BC, the Mycenaeans attacked Troy, a commercial stronghold on the northwest coast of Asia Minor小亚细亚半岛. The ten-year-long war between Mycenae and Troy would provide the historical context for the Iliad [ˈɪliəd] （伊利亚特）and the Odyssey [ˈɒdəsi]（奥赛德）. ------ Homer（荷马）, the blind Greek poetTrojan war (特洛伊战争)------ Penelope’s web 珀涅罗珀的织物；故意拖延的策略；永远做不完的工作1.2.1The Heroic Age (ca. 1200-750 BC): after 1200 BC, more powerful, iron-bearing tribes of Dorians (多利亚人约于前1200-1000年间从巴尔干半岛北部迁入希腊，后来建立了斯巴达（Sparta）、科林斯（Corinth）、阿尔戈斯（Argos）等城邦，更多时候是作为入侵者和征服者被看待，荷马认为其野蛮黑暗), a Greek-speaking people from the north, destroyed Mycenaean civilization.Peloponnesian Wars 伯罗奔尼撒战争(431-404 BC)between Athens(雅典) and Sparta(斯巴达)；Years of internal wars weakened the once powerful Greek city-states of Sparta, Athens, Thebes（底比斯）, and Corinth（科林斯）. Philip II of Macedonia （马其顿）(northern Greece) rose to power and, in 338 BC, he rode south and conquered the cities of Thebes and Athens, uniting most of Greece under his rule. Upon Philip II ‘s death, his son, Alexander the Great（亚历山大大帝）, took control and proceeded to conquer all of the lands between Greece and India including Egypt.After the death of Alexander in 323 BC, Macedonia was defeated by Roma（罗马）at the Battleof Cynoscephalae（基诺斯山战役）in 197 BC and then again at the Battle of Pydna（皮德纳战役）in 168 BC. The Greeks were finally defeated at the Battle of Corinth in 146 BC. Rome completely destroyed and plundered（掠夺）the city of Corinth as an example to other Greek cities.1.2.2The Greek City-State and the Persian Wars (ca. 750-480 BC)In 490 BC, Battle of Marathon 马拉松战役In 480 BC, Battle of the Hot Gates and Battle of Salamis 萨拉米斯海战Persian Wars(希波战争): Herodotus 希罗多德(ca. 485-425 BC), the father of history 历史之父。
西方文化导论Unit.pptx
_F_ Press de France Nouvelle.
5. Jazz was initially influenced by two kinds of Negro music: ragtime and blues.
_T_
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Text Study _4_3333 Comprehension Exercises
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Comprehension Exercises
Multiple choice.
(1) Impressionism got its name from ________famous painting Impression: Sunrise.
A. Pissarro’s B. Monet’s C. van Gogh’s D. Paul Gauguin’s
Hofmann, who benefited from the movements like cubism,
_fa_u_v_i_s_m_ and expressionism.
3. Action painting is a branch of a_b_s_t_ra_c_t_e_x_p_r_e_s_s_io_n_is_m__ .
Comprehension Exercises
Fill in the blanks.
1. _N_e_w__Y_o_rk__ became a new centre of world art during and after
the WWII, taking over from Paris.
2. One of the representative of abstract expressionism is Hans
《西方文化导论》(Quiz)精品PPT课件
(3) Mycenaean culture was influenced the most by Cretan culture on ____. A. farming
B. handicraft and trade
C. religion
D. philosophy
(4) The Trojan War broke out at the end of ____.
Unit 4
Text StuMdyu_IlVtthe Christian Church was divided into the Roman Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church. A. In 1054
D. Oxford
(4) The medieval civilization met its climax during the _________. A. 14th century
B. 13th century
C. 12th century
D. 11th century
(5) Which of the following is not the inspiration for the Renaissance? A. The break-up of feudal structures.
Text Study _6_5 _F_ (5) In medieval society, God permanently served as an image of severity and solemnity, without change until the
renaissance.
Unit 6
Unit 5
TruTeexotrSftaudlsye_q6u_e5stions.
西方文化导论Unit7
(1) Henry Fielding (2) Jonathan Swift (3) Daniel Defoe (4) John Bunyan (5) John Milton
a. Paradise Lost b. Robinson Crusoe c. Gulliver’s Travels d. Pilgrim’s Progress e. Tom Jones
_T_ (2) The late Renaissance focused on the metaphysical and rationalist philosophy, while the Enlightenment was based on epistemology and empiricism.
_T_ (5) Hume’s empiricist philosophy greatly influenced Immanuel Kant’s critical philosophy.
Comprehension Exercises
Multiple choice.
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Comprehension Exercises
_T_ (4) The Enlightenment laid an ideological foundation for the breakout of the French Revolution.
_T_ (5) The Enlightenment unveiled the inauguration of the modern era and laid a solid foundation for the later process of the Western modernization.
Unit7西方文化导论
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The foremost figures in the Enlightenment were a group of French thinkers known as philosophers. The preeminent member of this group was the writer, historian, and poet Voltaire. He emerged as the Enlightenment’s chief critic of contemporary culture and religion. Another important member of this group was Jean Jacques Rousseau, whose writings greatly influenced the political thinking of the time. Also influential were the writings of Charles, Baron de Montesquieu, who challenged the idea of rule by a monarch and championed individual freedom. The philosopher Denis Diderot, in collaboration with Jean D’Alembert, planned and edited a multivolume encyclopedia designed to include all realms of knowledge. Many of the entries were written by other philosophies.
Unit7Westernculture
Unit7WesterncultureUnit7 Western cultureTeaching aims: Learn some new words.Emotional aims: Enjoying learning English.Teaching important points: Learn some new words.Teaching difficult points: Learn some new words.Teaching method: practicingTeaching procedure:Ste pⅠ: RevisionReview some words and phrases.Ste pⅡ:Learn some new words.1. Read after the teacher.2. Read in groups.3. Read themselves.4. Read in turn.Ste pⅢ P racticeTranslate some new words into English or Chinese.Ste pⅣ Summary and homeworkRecite new words.Teaching thinking: Students are active in class, and the result is good. Blackboard design: Some word formation.belongacceleratecapablespreadeconomicinfectious…Reading Popular musicTeaching aims: 掌握Key words 和Useful expressions的基本用法.Emotional aims: 了解流行音乐.Teaching important points: 理解课文内容，掌握课文的主要知识点.Teaching difficult points: 掌握Key words 和Useful expressions的基本用法.Teaching method: Teaching and practicing.Teaching procedures:Ste pⅠRevision检查学生预习生词和短语的情况.Ste pⅡ1．1．组织讨论Warm up中的3个问题，Do you like popular music?Do you know any western pop singers?Is singing English songs a good way of learning English?2.播放几首著名的英语流行乐曲或歌曲，回答：What kind of music did you hear just now?Can you sing an English pop song?3.讨论课文插图：Who are the four young men?约翰·列侬( John Lennon)、保罗·麦卡特尼(Paul McCartney)、乔治·哈里森( George Harrison)、斯图尔特·苏特克里弗(Stuart Sutcliffe)、彼得·贝斯特(Peter Best) What are they?4.对上述问题可给学生适当的提示，以便了解更多的信息。
西方文化导论XS106011 1.3 希腊化文化
罗马诺国立博物馆
波留克列特斯
持矛者
来自意大利庞贝 约公元前450-440年 青铜原作的罗马大理石复制品 高约210.8cm
那不勒斯国立考古博物馆
菲迪亚斯名作品为
公元前 4 世纪 是希腊雕刻古典 后期，风格优美 柔和，裸体女性 成为雕刻家热衷 的主题。
马和罗得岛等地。
《萨莫色雷斯的尼开神像》
胜利女神像
《垂死的高卢人》
自杀的高卢人
(帕加马)
紧张瞬间 对比:
立与垂下、生与死、 动与静、形体的仰与 俯、正与侧转
《米洛的阿芙罗蒂德》( 通常称作《维纳斯像》)
她上身赤裸 ，起伏变化的玉 肌似丘如谷 ，臂部富有肉感 的曲线与腰际的浅涡令人消 魂，这真实得似有体温的胴 体散发出醉人的芳香 ，但仍 不失端庄典雅与崇高优美 。 整个形象给人以矜持而智慧 的亲切感，雕刻家确实创造 了一个人化了的神。
希腊雕刻古典后期
柏拉西特列斯 的杰作是《萨提儿》、《赫尔墨斯》。 列西普斯：《刮汗污的运动员》、《赫拉克勒斯》。 史柯巴斯 留下许多头像，都着力表现人物面部表情， 传达一种强烈感情，与前者风格迥异。
柏拉西特列斯 《萨提儿》 《赫尔墨斯》
《萨提儿》→
列西普斯代表作：
《刮汗污的运动员》 《赫拉克勒斯》
主要历史著作 是 《希腊史》 《远征记》和 《苏格拉底回 忆录》。
八 古希腊的建筑与雕塑
希腊古典美术贯穿着两个要素 : “自然”和“理 想”。
表现理想化的自然，便是希腊艺术的核心。
古典希腊造型艺术的形式法则就是要遵循质朴、 合理、端庄、谐调的原则。 希腊古典艺术在公元前5世纪的古典盛期时代成熟。 形成了以雅典为主要的创作中心。
英语拓展模块unit 7《western culture》ppt课件(1)
contribute……to 有助于，促使
She contributes greatly to the movie.
Fresh air contributes to good health.
establish 建立
Our school was established in 1986.
profit 利润，利益 make profits 创利润
His song is so infectious that many audience burst into tears.
The lung disease is infectious among people.
abstract 抽象的
These pictures are very abstract.
They made a big profit by selling fake goods.
continue 继续做某事
You should continue to learn English.
jazz
Grammar: infinitive or V-ing after a verb
不定式或动词ing形式 在动词后的用法
He stopped to smoke. 他停下来吸烟。
I remember locking the door. 我记得把门锁上了。 Remember to lock the door. 记着要锁门。
I forgot meet her. 我忘记去见他了。 Have you forgotten meeting her? 你忘记曾见过她了吗？
在下列动词之后可以用不定式也可以用动 词的-ing形式做宾语，在意思上区别不大。
attempt, begin, continue, fear, hate,
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(3) Daniel Defoe
(4) John Bunyan (5) John Milton
c. Gulliver’s Travels
d. Pilgrim’s Progress e. Tom Jones
Text Study
Comprehension Exercises
Comprehension Exercises
Text Study
Comprehension Exercises
Comprehension Exercises
True or false questions. T (1) Locke rejects the idea of innate knowledge and argues __ for the acquisition of knowledge from the senses. T (2) The late Renaissance focused on the metaphysical and __ rationalist philosophy, while the Enlightenment was based on epistemology and empiricism. F (3) Locke rejected the division of legislative power and __ administrative power. T (4) Berkeley was the father of a philosophical school called __ phenomenalism. T (5) Hume’s empiricist philosophy greatly influenced __ Immanuel Kant’s critical philosophy.
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Supplementary Resources
Text Study
Interpretation of Cultural Terms
Interpretation of Cultural Terms
Immanuel Kant 康 德 (1724– 1804): An 18th-century German philosopher. He is regarded as one of the most influential thinkers of modern Europe and of the late Enlightenment.
Text Study
Comprehension Exercises
Comprehension Exercises
Multiple choice.
(1) Which of the following philosophers first put forward the idea of the division of power?
A. David Hume. B. John Locke. C. George Berkeley. D. Voltaire.
Text Study
Comprehension Exercises
Comprehension Exercise
Multiple choice. (2) The French Declaration of Human Rights and the American Declaration of Independence owed much of their sources and inspiration to _________Spirit of Laws(1748). A. Montesquieu’s B. Voltaire’s C. Rousseau’s D. Diderot’s
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Comprehension Exercises
Comprehension Exercise
Multiple choice.
(5) The Enlightenment is not opposed to____________. A. superstition
B. feudalism
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Comprehension Exercises
Comprehension Exercise
Multiple choice. (4) Rousseau is famous for his idea of _________. A. the divine right of the king B. the social contract C. the divine right of the human beings D. empiricism
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Comprehension Exercises
Comprehension Exercise
Multiple choice. (3) Montesquieu’s theory of the division of power divides the political authority into_________. A. legislative, administrative and judicial powers B. legislative, executive and judicial powers C. legislative, executive and electoral powers D. legislative, executive and law enforcement powers
C. rationalism
D. absolutism
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Comprehension Exercises
Comprehension Exercises
Match the following English writers with their works.
(1) Henry Fielding (2) Jonathan Swift a. Paradise Lost b. Robinson Crusoe
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ehension Exercises
Comprehension Exercises
Fill in the blanks. (1) The Enlightenment first started in ______ France . (2) In the 17th century, France became more powerful in economic and military achievements due to the measures and reforms taken by _________ Louis XIV . (3) In ____ 18th century, France lost its initial domination at the sea to England. (4) The Enlightenment was influenced by British __________ empiricism and dissemination of _________________ scientific knowledge . (5) With the worsening situation of France in 18th century, more and more people, led by newly emerging __________ Bourgeoisie strongly demanded for political reforms. ,
True or false questions. T (1) The Enlightenment is characterized by reason, which is a __ critical tool allowing man to get rid of prejudice and change the world, dominating nature through science. F (2) The Enlightenment overcame the prejudice against __ female, and regarded both genders as equal in the society. F (3) The major agents of change in the arts, governments and __ economy were enlightened kings and priests. T (4) The Enlightenment laid an ideological foundation for the __ breakout of the French Revolution. __ T (5) The Enlightenment unveiled the inauguration of the modern era and laid a solid foundation for the later process of the Western modernization.