西方文化导论2
西方文化导论
Western Culture: An Introduction（西方文化导论）Chapter 1 Culture in Ancient Greece （古希腊文化）1.Cradle of western civilization （西方文明的摇篮）---Ancient Greek“We are all Greeks.”------Percy Bysshe Shelley (珀西·比希·雪莱)When Shelley said “We are all Greeks”, he is expressing his buy-in（认同）to the then current belief that European culture could trace its roots back （追根溯源于）to the Greek ideals and customs. This would include everything: architecture, education, medicine, our basic myths and memes, government, etc.2.Phases of development )（发展阶段）Delphi 特尔斐(希腊古都)Three Ages:ca.3000-1200 BC, the Heroic Age（英雄时代）(ca. 1200-750 BC), the Greek City-State （希腊城邦）and the Persian Wars（波斯战争）(ca. 750-480 BC), the Golden Age （黄金时代）(Ca. 480-430 BC).Bronze Age Civilizations of the Aegean (ca. 3000-1200 BC):1.1Minoan[miˈnəuən] civilization 克里特文明flourished between 2000-1400 BC, when itseems to be absorbed or destroyed by the Mycenaeans.The most famous of the leg ends of Minoan culture is Minotaur [ˈmaɪnətɔ:(r)] 人身牛头怪/弥诺陶洛斯, a being “part man and part bull”.Where did the Renaissance start with the flowering of paintings, sculpture and architecture?In Florence 佛罗伦萨（意大利都市名）and Venice()意大利港市.1.2Mycenae[maiˈsi:ni:]迈锡尼/Mycenaean [maisiˈni:ən] culture (ca. 1600-1200).By 1600 BC, the Mycenaeans had established themselves in the Aegean（爱琴海）.Around 1200 BC, the Mycenaeans attacked Troy, a commercial stronghold on the northwest coast of Asia Minor小亚细亚半岛. The ten-year-long war between Mycenae and Troy would provide the historical context for the Iliad [ˈɪliəd] （伊利亚特）and the Odyssey [ˈɒdəsi]（奥赛德）. ------ Homer（荷马）, the blind Greek poetTrojan war (特洛伊战争)------ Penelope’s web 珀涅罗珀的织物；故意拖延的策略；永远做不完的工作1.2.1The Heroic Age (ca. 1200-750 BC): after 1200 BC, more powerful, iron-bearing tribes of Dorians (多利亚人约于前1200-1000年间从巴尔干半岛北部迁入希腊，后来建立了斯巴达（Sparta）、科林斯（Corinth）、阿尔戈斯（Argos）等城邦，更多时候是作为入侵者和征服者被看待，荷马认为其野蛮黑暗), a Greek-speaking people from the north, destroyed Mycenaean civilization.Peloponnesian Wars 伯罗奔尼撒战争(431-404 BC)between Athens(雅典) and Sparta(斯巴达)；Years of internal wars weakened the once powerful Greek city-states of Sparta, Athens, Thebes（底比斯）, and Corinth（科林斯）. Philip II of Macedonia （马其顿）(northern Greece) rose to power and, in 338 BC, he rode south and conquered the cities of Thebes and Athens, uniting most of Greece under his rule. Upon Philip II ‘s death, his son, Alexander the Great（亚历山大大帝）, took control and proceeded to conquer all of the lands between Greece and India including Egypt.After the death of Alexander in 323 BC, Macedonia was defeated by Roma（罗马）at the Battleof Cynoscephalae（基诺斯山战役）in 197 BC and then again at the Battle of Pydna（皮德纳战役）in 168 BC. The Greeks were finally defeated at the Battle of Corinth in 146 BC. Rome completely destroyed and plundered（掠夺）the city of Corinth as an example to other Greek cities.1.2.2The Greek City-State and the Persian Wars (ca. 750-480 BC)In 490 BC, Battle of Marathon 马拉松战役In 480 BC, Battle of the Hot Gates and Battle of Salamis 萨拉米斯海战Persian Wars(希波战争): Herodotus 希罗多德(ca. 485-425 BC), the father of history 历史之父。
Unit10西方文化导论课件
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In a way the change of the cultural and intellectual climate in this period had something to do with romanticism and cultural trend of the time. More radical modes of creation appeared, first in poetry and then spread to other forms of writing and art. They were more rebellious, more radical, more opposed to tradition and social reality and more concerned with their own forms of subjective representation. Such a changed approach moved eventually into modernism.
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Modernism was born at the turn of the 20th century and swept many countries. Many social and psychological problems found expression in cultural and literary form, thus representing the real mood and emotion of the ordinary people in the West who were torn by countless troubles arising out of the social, political and cultural contradictions and clashes.
西方文化导论课程设计 (2)
西方文化导论课程设计一、课程简介本课程旨在让学生对西方文化有一个全面、深入的了解，了解西方文化的发展历程、主要特征、哲学思想、艺术及音乐等方面的内容。
通过学习本课程，学生能够更好地理解西方文化的内在逻辑和精神内涵，并在此基础上进行跨文化的交流和沟通。
二、课程目标1.掌握西方文化的基本发展历程和主要特征；2.理解西方哲学思想的基本概念和核心内容；3.熟悉西方文艺（尤其是绘画和音乐）的主要流派和代表作品；4.能够运用所学知识分析和解读西方文化中的现象和事件；5.增强对跨文化交流的认识和能力。
三、课程大纲第一章西方文化的发展历程1.西方文化的来源和演变2.古典文化和中世纪文化3.文艺复兴和宗教改革4.现代时代和当代文化第二章西方哲学思想1.古希腊哲学思想2.基督教哲学思想3.文艺复兴以后的哲学思想4.当代哲学思想第三章西方文艺1.绘画艺术–文艺复兴时期的艺术–印象派和后印象派画家–现代派和当代艺术家2.音乐艺术–古典音乐的发展–流行音乐和摇滚乐–当代音乐和音乐创作四、教学方法本课程采用多种教学方法，包括但不限于：1.讲授2.群体讨论3.个案分析4.视频观看5.案例分析五、教学评估本课程考核包括平时成绩和期末考试两个部分，具体如下：1.平时成绩（50%）–课堂表现（20%）–课程作业（20%）–小组讨论和辩论（10%）2.期末考试（50%）–笔试（40%）–口试（10%）六、参考资料1.《西方文化：历史与文化》（郭晓勇）2.《西方哲学史》（戴季陶）3.《西方音乐史》（约瑟夫·科辛斯基）七、结语本课程为一门全面、系统地介绍西方文化的课程，旨在激发学生的跨文化兴趣和能力。
应用多种教学手段，培养学生的独立思考和创造能力，使其在未来的学习和工作中更具有竞争力。
西方文化导论
西方文化导论一、概述西方文化是指欧洲及其后裔国家的文化，是世界上最为重要和广泛影响的文化之一。
本文将介绍西方文化的起源、特点、发展以及对全球文化的影响。
二、起源与发展1. 古希腊文化的影响古希腊文化是西方文化的重要起源之一。
古希腊在哲学、政治、艺术、体育等方面取得了重大成就，对后世产生了深远影响。
2. 罗马帝国的传承罗马帝国继承并发展了古希腊文化，形成了独特的罗马文化。
罗马法律、建筑、工程、道德观念等对西方文化产生了重要影响。
3. 基督教的兴起基督教的兴起标志着西方文化的新阶段。
基督教的价值观念、道德准则对西方社会产生了深远影响，并成为西方文化的重要组成部分。
4. 文艺复兴与启蒙运动文艺复兴和启蒙运动是西方文化发展的重要阶段。
文艺复兴时期，人们对古希腊和罗马文化进行了重新学习和研究，推动了艺术、文学、科学等领域的进步。
启蒙运动则强调理性、自由和人权，对政治和社会产生了重要影响。
三、西方文化的特点1. 个人主义西方文化强调个体的独立性和自由意志，鼓励个人追求幸福和成功。
2. 科学与技术的重视西方文化崇尚科学与技术的发展，注重实证主义和理性思维，推动了现代科学的进步。
3. 民主与法治西方文化倡导民主政治和法治社会，注重个人权利和平等，推动了现代民主制度的发展。
4. 艺术与文学的创新西方文化在艺术与文学领域具有创新精神，不断探索新的表达形式和艺术风格。
四、西方文化对全球的影响1. 语言和文学英语作为西方文化的代表语言，成为国际交流和商务的重要工具。
西方文学作品如莎士比亚的戏剧、浪漫主义文学等对全球文学产生了深远影响。
2. 科学与技术西方文化的科学与技术成果对全球产生了广泛影响，如工业革命、电子技术、计算机科学等。
3. 政治与法律西方文化的民主制度和法治观念对全球政治和法律体系的发展产生了重要影响。
4. 艺术与娱乐西方音乐、电影、时尚等艺术与娱乐形式在全球范围内受到广泛欢迎，成为全球流行文化的一部分。
五、结论西方文化作为世界上最重要和广泛影响的文化之一，其起源、发展、特点以及对全球的影响都具有重要意义。
西方文化概论2
西方文化的两大根源1、源自古希腊哲学的理性传统2、犹太-基督教传统、犹太-
两种思维或话语模式:两种思维或话语模式: Logos vs. Mythos
The Greek word LOGOS designates a certain kind of thinking about the world, a kind of logical analysis that places things in the context of reason and explains them with the pure force of thought. Such an intellectual exercise was supposed to lead to wisdom (Sophia), and those who dedicated themselves to Logos were thought of as lovers of wisdom (love =), hence as philosophers.
《西方文化导论》课程教学大纲.doc
《场方夂祀概崎》教曇丈詢学时：16课时学分：1学分授课对象：全校二年级、三年级学生教材：《四方文化概略》一、课程性质、目的和任务本课程是面向全校二年级、三年级学生设置的全院公共任选课程，旨在实现大学英语教学的个性化教育与综合索质培养的目标。
课程面向广犬学生，满足学生了解西方文化的个性化要求，结合语言学习，综合提高学生语言文化能力。
课程设置上按照时间的顺序对以欧洲文化为核心的西方文明进行导论性的介绍，内容包括古希腊、古罗马文化、文艺复兴、科学革命等对现代文化影响深远的古代文明及历史时期。
每个核心主题屮所涉及内容的选取侧重于文化继承和影响，结合语言方面的相关知识，综合介绍给学生。
二、教学基本要求本课程将英语语言文化背景知识系统的呈现给学生。
面向已具有一定的语言基础的二、三年级学生，课程内容的重心落在背景知识和文化了解的角度。
通过系统的内容丰富的语言文化知识的介绍，帮助学生更真切地掌握语言的深意和内涵，同时，开阔学生的视野，使学生得到全方位发展。
三、教学基本内容周次教学内容课时第二周爱琴文明与希腊神话传说2第三周希腊时期的文化2第四周罗马时期的文化2第五周中世纪时期的基督教文化2第六周文艺复兴时期的文化2第七周宗教改革时期的文化2第八周复习总结2笫九周课程考查2四、教学重点：第一章爱琴文明与希腊神话传说克里特文化的形成、成就和影响；迈锡尼文化的特点；荷马史诗的形成与成就。
1・克里特文化：建筑、壁画和彩陶、文字、宗教。
2. 迈锡尼文化：建筑、文字。
3. 荷马时代文化：《荷马史诗》、陶艺。
第二章希腊时期的文化希腊神话的内容与特点、古希腊宗教；古风吋代的希腊文学与艺术；古典吋代的希腊悲喜剧代表作家与作品，建筑、雕刻、哲学、科学和史学的成就。
新喜剧；亚历山大里亚、小亚细亚的雕刻艺术；亚历山大里亚城的建筑；犬儒学派、伊壁鸠鲁学派、斯多喝学派、怀疑论学派；希腊化时代的宗教特点及科学成就。
1 •早期希腊的文化：神话和宗教，文字和文学，艺术。
西方文化导论Unit2
Multiple choice.
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Comprehension Exercises
(1) Ancient Roman culture is the culture from the formation of ____ to the end of the Roman Empire, which had lasted about 1200 years throughout.
Comprehension Exercises
True of false question.
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Comprehension Exercises
பைடு நூலகம்
_F_ (1) In ancient Rome, freed slaves could become Roman citizen without any restrictions on their legal rights.
A. Octavian and Caesar B. Caesar and Remus C. Romulus and Remus D. Romulus and Octavian
Comprehension Exercises
Multiple choice.
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Comprehension Exercises
A. Julius Caesar, Mark Antony, Sulla B. Pompey, Crassus, Cleopatra C. Pompey, Crassus, Julius Caesar D. Octavian, Brutus, Marius
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西方文化导论人物对应的思想理论
西方文化导论人物对应的思想理论一、古希腊（小国寡民，城邦，民主，伦理）（一）苏格拉底1、知识即美德2、应由智者管理国家（二）柏拉图1、君主制，哲学王2、三大阶级：统治者、护卫者、生产者3、人治4、普及教育5、消灭私有财产，共妻共子（三）亚里士多德1、人是天生的政治动物2、城邦是最高的善3、批判柏拉图4、有限的私有财产5、肯定中产阶级的作用6、主张中庸的民主制度（混合政体）7、法治二、希腊化时代与古罗马（移民部落文化，法治，公民权扩大，血缘联系较弱）（一）伊壁鸠鲁学派1、快乐主义（直面死亡、不惧神、节欲、精神快乐、忍受痛苦）2、不参与政治3、享受灵魂安宁与社会安全4、国家产生于契约5、正义在于互利（二）犬儒学派1、享乐是恶2、抛弃家庭3、拒绝文明4、远离政治5、精神自由6、人人平等（三）斯多葛学派1、世界是一个整体，自然法，世界主义2、人人平等3、清心寡欲4、国家是自然的产物（四）波里比阿1、认为政体是循环的2、主张混合政体3、三权分立（执政官、元老院、民众大会）（五）西塞罗1、强调国家，突破传统城邦界限2、法治3、人人平等4、混合政体5、自然法（六）奥古斯丁1、人的原罪与上帝的恩典2、双城：天上之城与地上之城3、国家的工具性4、国家与教会的关系三、中世纪（王权与教权）教权派思想：1、尼古拉一世（教会独立，国家不得干涉教会）；2、格里高利七世（教会高于国家，教会永不犯错）；3、英诺森三世（教会是完整社会）；4、卜尼法斯八世（两剑论，王权服务于教权）（一）阿奎那1、承认国家的存在，但教会高于国家2、国家的起源是人有群居习性，需要指导、照顾和控制，国家的目的是谋取社会的共同幸福3、正义政体（一个自由人的社会是在为公众谋幸福的统治者的治理下）与不正义政体（统治者谋取私利）4、永恒法、自然法、人法和神法5、真正的幸福不能在物质欲望中实现四、16世纪西欧（一）马基雅维利1、国家是因为人性恶而产生的2、财产是国家生活的重要内容3、统治权是国家的根本问题4、法律与军队是统治权的基础5、主张政治与道德分离6、君主制是最现实的7、君主不受道德约束，可以不守信，不择手段，应使人民恐惧（二）马丁路德1、反对救赎，倡导因信得救2、否定教会中介3、主张廉价的民族教会4、两个政府理论5、主张君主制（三）加尔文1、《圣经》是唯一信仰权威2、主张预定论3、取消教皇与主教4、建立民主的教会组织5、教会与俗世权力分界分明6、主张贵族制（四）布丹1、接受亚里士多德的历史国家观2、家庭是国家的基础，代表公、私两大领域3、国家与社会之上有神法和自然法的权威4、公民分等级，对主权者负有忠诚和服从的义务5、国家目的是要满意人民在物质和非物质上的需要：福利、秩序和道德追求6、坚持国家主权（立法权是首先内容。
《西方文化导论》复习综合题库
《西方文化导论》综合复习第一章西方文化的起源一、填空1 、希腊历史的第一页是 ___非洲_____ 文明的历史。
爱琴海文明指的是爱琴海地区的青铜文化，先后形成了两大中心： ________ 和 ________ ，因此又通称克里特岛—迈锡尼文化。
2 、公元前 ________ 年期间，是克里特文化最为繁盛的时代。
克里特文化的中心是 ________ ，传说中的 ________ 国王建立了海上霸权，控制了整个爱琴海地区。
克里特的文字经历了象形文字和线形文字两大发展阶段，在它的繁盛期，线形文字全岛通用，这种文字又称 ________ ，以区别迈锡尼的 ________ 。
3 、迈锡尼文化以 ________ 而得名，但它实际上是希腊本土文化青铜文化的通称，是 ________ 的继续，只不过又加上了希腊民族文化的一些要素。
4 、荷马时代的艺术主要表现为 ________ ，陶器表面多用 ________ 来装饰，所以荷马时代的考古文化通称为 ________ 风格文化。
5 、爱琴海文明经历了一个盛极而衰的过程。
随着希腊文化中心的北移，希腊文化也越来越摆脱了 ________ 和 ________ 文明的巨大影响，形成了具有特色的希腊民族文化。
奠定了日后 ________ 的根基。
二、名词解释1 、迈锡尼文化2 、荷马史诗三、问答题：1 、荷马史诗的成就是什么？第二章希腊古典时代的文化一、填空1 、在古希腊史上，通常把公元前 8 世纪—前 6 世纪称为 ________ ，这是古希腊文化发展和形成的重要时期；公元前 6 世纪以后直至马其顿征服希腊，称为 ________ ，是上古希腊文化发展的鼎盛时期；古典时代以后到奥古斯都打败安东尼这一时期，为 ________ ，是上古希腊文化广泛传播于 _______ 、________ 、 ________ 三大洲许多地区的时代，同时也是希腊文化没落的时代。
西方文化导论知识梳理
GREEK希腊1 city-states 城邦国家：Athens 雅典，Sparda斯巴达2 Mount Olympus 奥林匹斯山in Greek mythology (希腊十二神) ( both on heaven and on earth)Zeus 宙斯(Jupiter) -- the chief gold -- keeps order with thunderbolts(迅雷)Hera 赫拉(Juno) -- Zeus’s wife --the goddess responsible for mariage and family Poseidon波塞冬(Neptune) – Zeus’s brother – looks after the seasHades 哈德斯(Pluto) – Zeus’s brother –reigns(统治) the underworld, the kingdomof deathAthena 雅典娜(Minerva) –Zeus’s daughter –a deity of wisdom, regarded as theguardian angel for the Temple of Athena, itselfsymbolic of civilization and artΑπολλων阿波罗(Apollo) – Zeus’s son(born of Leto勒托) –the god of sun, incharge of thrust, light, and medicine –attributesdemonstrating intelligenceArtemis 阿尔特弥斯(Diana) – Apollo’s twin sister – the goddess of the moon andhuntingAphrodite 阿特洛狄忒(Venas)–Zeus’s daughter(born of Dione) –the goddess oflove and beautyHephaestus 赫菲斯托斯(Vulcan) –the husband of Aphrodite –metal-workingtechnology who made the thunderbolt forZeusHermes 赫尔墨斯(Mercury) –Zeus’s son –Zeus’s messager and servant, the deitylooks after merchants, tourists andthieves.Ares 阿瑞斯(Mars) – Zeus and Hera’s son – a warring god 战神Hestia 赫提斯亚(Vesta) –Zeus’s virgin sister –the goddess for kitchen and home,her status is replaced by Dionysus -- the god of wine anddramaEros 厄洛斯(Cupid丘比特) – the god of love3古希腊的三位哲人philosopherSocrates 苏格拉底, Plato 柏拉图，Aristotle 亚里士多德4犬儒派cynics (愤世嫉俗的) 代表：Diogenes5 literature – epic poetry：Homer荷马– Iliad 伊利亚特，Odyssey 奥德赛6 drama – Prometheus Bound 被缚的普罗米修斯(Aeschylus 埃斯库罗斯)Oedipus the King 俄底浦斯王：Oedipus Complex 恋母情结Electra Complex 恋父情结7建筑：the Parthenon 帕特农神庙Venus de Milo米洛斯的维纳斯Discobolics (Discus Thrower) 掷铁饼者Rome1. 将领：Julius Caesar(尤利西斯—凯撒)Octavianus（Octavian ）屋大维(Octobor), Augustus 奥古斯都（August）He initiated a way of ruling by calling himself the First Citizen, meaning head of state 首脑2 文学：Virgil 维吉尔——Aeneid 埃涅阿斯记（epic poem）3 建筑：colosseum 圆形角斗场Pantheon 万神殿Bible1.Pentateuch 摩西五书Genesis 创世纪– God’s creation of the worldthe Great Flood (Noah’s Ark) 诺亚方舟the Tower of Babel 巴别塔Exodus出埃及记—Ten Commandments 十诫Leviticus 利来记Nambers 民数记Deuteronomy 生命记2.Jewish Festivals 犹太人节日The Sabbath安息日Chanukah or Hanuka灯节Shavuot 五旬节Passover 逾越节3.the Middle Ages 中世纪The period in European history from the collapse of the Roman Civilization in the 5th century AD to the period of the Renaissance in the 14th century is termed generally as the Middle Ages.(1000年)The Renaissance文艺复兴–三杰1 Leonardo da vinci 达芬奇（artist and scientist）The Virgin of the Rocks 岩间圣母Mona Lisa蒙娜丽莎The last Supper 最后的晚餐2 Michelangelo米开朗基罗（Buonarotti）（poet and architect）Genesis 创世纪Final Judgement 最后的审判the sculpture David 雕像大卫3 Raphael 拉斐尔The School of Athens 雅典学院Sistine Madonna 西斯廷圣母1Genesis ; The SabbathGenesis describes God’s creation of the world and traces the history of the Hebrews from Abraham(亚伯拉罕) to Joseph(约瑟).The Sabbath :It begins from the sunset of Friday and lasts to the sunset of Saturday. It was set apart by Moses as a holy day, for rest and worship in commemoration of the completion of the creation.2. Noah’s Ark; the dove, the raven and the rainbowGod saw that the whole world was corrupt and full of violence. So he intended to destroy them, and the earth with them. Noah was a righteous man, the one blameless man of his time; God knew that Noah was trying to do right. He told Noah that heintended to bring the waters of the flood over the earth to destroy the earth and its wicked people. But Noah shall go into the ark with his sons, his wife and his sons’ wives with you. Soon it was time for Noah to go inside with his family and other creatures. After forty days and forty nights the rain stopped. But the water stayed on the earth for many months after that. Then Noah tried to find out if the waters had gone down.Raven1.He sent out a raven, but the raven kept flying to and fro until the waters were dried up.Dove2. Noah sent out a dove to see what would happen. The dove could not find a place to rest so it came back to the ark.3.Seven days later he sent the dove out again. This time she returned with an olive leaf in her beak.4.So he waited another seven days and sent her out once more. This time the dove did not return.the water was finally gone and the earth was dry. Now Noah and his family could leave the ark.Rainbow PromiseFinally, the earth dried up and the Noah’s came back the earth. God promised. ―All flesh shall never again be cut off by the water of the flood, neither shall there be again a flood to destroy the earth.‖Rainbow stands for God’s eternal promise to the human3.The Babel Tower; confusion ;different languages in the worldThe story of the Tower of Babel, from the Book of Genesis, is used to explain why we have so many languages. The essence of the story is that the people of Shinar (Babylonia) decided to build a giant tower that would reach into heaven. It was an enormous enterprise, so it took a long time and lots of cooperation among people who all spoke the same language. After a while, God disrupted the project. To make it impossible for the workers to communicate, he forced everyone to speak a different language4. Exodus ;the meaning of Exodus in the Bi ble and today’s English ;Passover (逾越节)Passover (逾越节)；an important Jewish religious holiday when the escape of the Jews from Egypt is rememberedExodus in the Bible:the second book of the Old Testament: tells of the departure of the Israelites（以色列人） out of slavery in Egypt led by Moses; God gave them the Ten Commandments（十诫） and the rest of Mosaic law（摩西律法） on Mount Sinai（西奈山） during the Exodus Exodus in today’s English:a journey by a large group to escape from a hostile environment 大批的离去Canaan-a land flowing with milk and honey, the promised land5.The birth of Jesus ChristOver two thousand years ago a young woman by the name of Mary lived in the small town of Nazareth. Mary was to be married to a carpenter named Joseph. One day an angel Gabriel said that she will have a baby name Jesus. When they arrived in Bethlehem they did not have a place to stay. The kind innkeeper told them he had a stable that they could stay in for the night. Jesus, God’s Son, was born that night. Mary wrapped baby Jesus in a small cloth and placed him in a manger of hay.The shepherds牧羊人That night there were shepherds staying in the fields nearby. Suddenly, an angel before them. He told them that the Son of God has been born today. They will recognize Him by this sign; he will be wrapped snugly in cloth, lying in a manger. The shepherds hurried to go to see Baby Jesus. When they found him in the stable in Bethlehem, They kneeled before the baby and worshipped him.Candy cane拐杖糖A candy manufacturer living in Indiana wanted to produce a kind of candy which can tell others about the existence of God. At the very beginning, white candy. Then，One thick red line: The blood Jesus shed on the cross. Through his death we are forgiven. Three fine red lines: the whipping Jesus suffered. By his stripes we are healed. White candy: innocent Jesus who was born of a virgin. Hard candy: Jesus, the cornerstone of the church, is our rock of refuge. J-shaped candy cane: Jesus Christ and the cane of shepherds.The Three Wise Men from the east东方三博士After Jesus was born，wise men（magi）came to look for Him，from an area which is now in either Iran or Saudi Arabia. They were certainly men of learning. They had seen an unusual new star，and knew that it told of the birth of a special king. They followed it to East - and eventually found the place where Mary，Joseph and Jesus were staying. To bring honor to the child，they brought rich gifts：gold，frankincense and myrrh .The Star of Bethlehem伯利恒的星The Magi, they observed a huge star directly over Bethlehem. A shining star in thesky over Bethlehem and guided Three Wise Men to the small manger where the Christ Child lay.6. The last supperThe Last Supper is a 15th century mural painting in Milan created by Leonardo da Vinci. It represents the scene of The Last Supper from the final days of Jesus as it is told in the when Jesus announces that one of his Twelve Disciples（Bartholomew, James, son of Alphaeus，Andrew，Judas Iscariot, Peter，John，Thomas, James the Greater，Philip，Matthew, Jude ThaddeusSimon the Zealot ）would betray him.The Lord’s Supper圣餐the name applies to the memorial of Yeshiva’s death.So the historical origin of the Lord’s Supper is that final supper that Jesus ate with his disciples the night before he was crucified. It is a Christian sacrament commemorating the Last Supper by consecrating bread and wi neBread and wineThe Lord’s Supper is an ordinance of the Lord in which gathered believers eat bread, signifying Christ’s body given for His people, and drink the cup of the Lord, signifying the Ne w Covenant in Christ’s blood. We do this in remembrance of the Lord’ death until He comes. Those who eat and drink in a worthy manner partake of Christ’s body and blood spiritually by faith.The Holy Grail圣杯In Christian mythology, the Holy Grail was the dish, plate, cup or vessel that caught Jesus' blood during his crucifixion. It was said to have the power to heal all wounds.A theme joined to the Christianized Arthurian mythos relates to the quest for the Holy Grail.The death of ChristA prickly crown of thorns was placed on his head and he was stripped naked. He was led to Golgotha where he would be crucified. Stake-like nails were driven through his wrists and ankles, fastening him to the cross where he was crucified between two convicted criminals.the Resurrection复活The resurrection of Jesus is the Christian religious belief that Jesus Christ returned to life on the Sunday following the Friday on which he was executed by crucifixion. On the third day he rose again in accordance with the Scriptures‖.JudasAfter the dinner, Jesus went out as usual to the Mountain of Olives. While he was speaking to his disciples, Judas come out with a crowd, he was leading them. He approached Jesus and kissed him. Because of the Judas' betray, Jesus was arrestedPeterAt the time of Jesus' s arrested, Peter had denied Jesus for three times before the cock crows as Jesus predicts before.The Good FridayGood Friday, also known as Holy Friday, Black Friday, Great Friday, It is a religious holiday observed primarily by Christians commemorating the crucifixion （苦难）of Jesus Christ and his death at Calvary. The holiday is observed during Holy Week(复活节前周) on the Friday preceding Easter Sunday(复活节）.EasterEaster is a Christian festival and holiday celebrating the resurrection of Jesus Christ on the third day after his crucifixion at Calvary as described in the New Testament. Easter is preceded by Lent, a forty-day period of fasting, prayer, and penance.7（1）Pygmalion（皮革马利翁）, a king of Cyprus（塞浦路斯）, was a famous sculptor. He made a beautiful ivory statue of a woman and gave it the name of Galatea（加拉泰亚）, and fell in love with it. At his prayers ,Aphrodite—the goddess of beauty and love（爱神阿芙洛狄忒), gave it life. And Galatea ,now a woman in flesh and blood, became Pygmalion' wife. --Greek mythology Pygmalion effect The Pygmalion effect is a form of self-fulfilling prophecy（自我实现）, people will internalize（内在化）their negative label, and those with positive labels succeed accordingly. Within sociology（社会学）, the effect is often cited with regard to education and social class.The Pygmalion Effect is that people tend to behave as you expect they will.（2）George Bernard Shaw（萧伯纳）Irish dramatist, literary critic, a socialist spokesman, and a leading figure in the 20th century theater, who was regarded as 'a second Shakespeare', who had revolutionized the British theatre. A defender of women's rights, and advocate of equality of income. In 1925 he was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature.3）Theme of My fair lady: Higgins, a phonetics（语言学家）created a new girl Eliza from lower class to upper class by teaching her English.For others: encourage and praiseFor ourselves：Self-fulfilling and confident8 money is not everythinganyone can not be much too greedy.9The golden fleece 金羊毛：symbol of wealth, spirit of adventure, the pursuit of ideals and happiness.10Pandora’s box 帕朵拉的盒子：curiosity, temptation, hope11 Endimion 恩底弥翁(1) John keats’ (约翰*济慈) poem,based on the Greek myth of Endymion （theshepherd 牧羊人beloved by the moon goddess Selene 塞勒涅）。
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generations as the earliest one in Greek sculpture history.
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the Renaissance to it. This changed the intellectual conditions of the later medieval period and opened the way to the modern era in the West.
Greek religion really took shape during the Homeric Age and featured polytheism with gods taking human form and feeling. Greek religion made a great contribution to Greek literature, philosophy and art. It is an important origin of Greek mythology which was fully developed by the religious tales of the Homeric epic and thus affected the later development of all kinds of Greek culture.
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Interpretation of Cultural Terms
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Interpretation of Cultural Terms
Interpretation of Cultural Terms
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Interpretation of Cultural Terms
Greek politics was one of the greatest influences on the Western civilization. The Greeks were the first to successfully create a government based on the consensus of the people and thus provided a foundation for Western democracy.
In science the mathematician Euclid established plane geometry and Archimedes discovered the ratio of radius of a circle and the relationship between the volume and surface of a sphere.
was created by Myron. _F_ (4) Euclid discovered the ratio of radius of a circle and the
relationship between the volume and surface of a sphere. _T_ (5) The chief Greek philosophers are Socrates, Plato and
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Polyclitus 波利克里托斯: A noted Greek bronze sculptor in the 5th and the early 4th centuries BC. He belonged to the
Interpretation of Cultural Terms
Interpretation of Cultural Terms
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Comprehension Exercise
True of false question.
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Comprehension Exercises
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The second significant influence was that of philosophy. The Socratic idea about ethics and knowledge helped the Westerners care more for the effect of knowledge and value of morality, both of which give sound guidance to people in the later years to improve and change the world outside themselves, i.e., human society and the natural world.
school of Argos. His works included the colossal gold and ivory statue of Hera，a famous bronze male nude known as the “Doryphoros” (“Spear-carrier”) and other statues “Discobolus” (“Discus-bearer”), “Diadumenos” (“Diadem-wearer”). Under the influence of Polyclitus and
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(2) What do you think of the influence Greek culture has exerted on Western civilization as a whole? Give examples.
The core Greek philosophers are Socrates, Plato and Aristotle. Socrates had scant regard for material wealth, but was keen on probing into the definition of some ethical and behavioral issues, such as “friendship” and “courage”.
Later generations of Westerners have benefited a lot from Greek culture, such as those in painting, sculpture, architecture, drama, poetry and historical works. Classicism had Greek culture as one of the crucial sources, and this has helped Westerners so much that they ascribed the origin of
Interpretation of Cultural Terms
Interpretation of Cultural Terms
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Interpretation of Cultural Terms
Interpretation of Cultural Terms
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_F_ (1) The play Oedipus at Colonus was written by Aristophanes. _F_ (2) Greek philosophy started with Aristotle. _T_ (3) The famous bronze sculpture of athletes, Discus Thrower,
Greek culture is often termed the cradle of the Western civilization and has had an enormous impact on Western culture. The specific contributions are found in the areas of philosophy, politics, literature, art, science and architecture.
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Plato established the Academy － the first Greek institution of higher learning. His contributions included his theory of ideas and his arguments on “republic” which was supposed to embrace his ideals about a future state where humans could enjoy a happy life. Aristotle is also a learned man and his work covers wide-ranging areas. His reputation as a philosopher largely depends on his argument on metaphysics which he tried to achieve a compromise between matter and divinity.