上海市徐汇区2019届高三英语二模试题(含解析)
上海市徐汇区2019届高三英语二模试题（含解析）考生注意:1. 考试时间120分钟，试卷满分140分。
2. 本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。
所有答題必须涂(选择题)或写(非选择题)在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。
3. 答題前，务必在答題纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码貼在指定位置上，在答題纸反面清楚地填写姓名。
I. Listening ComprehensionSection A Short ConversationsDirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1.A. At an airport. B. In the hotel. C. At a bus stop. D. In a subway station.【答案】A【解析】【分析】M: How much should I pay for the overweight?W: The charge for extra baggage is calculated by 1.5% of the standard ticket fare for economy class. Q: Where does the conversation most probably take place?【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。
2.A. The lady has to go ask for help.B. The lady is satisfied with her black coffee.C. The lady has to have black coffee.D. The lady has had too much black coffee.【答案】C【解析】【分析】W: Jack, is there any coffee in the coffee pot?M: There is some, but no cream left. You’ll have to content yourself with black coffee.Q: What does the man mean?【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。
3.A. The paintings are copies with reasonable prices.B. The paintings are absolutely genuine.C. The paintings are only sold at this fair.D. The paintings are highly priced.【答案】A【解析】【分析】M: Wow! You’ve got so many Chinese paintings here. Are they genuine?W: All our reproductions are clearly marked and priced. They are sold at a fair price.Q: What does the woman intend to tell the man?【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。
4.A. The man booked the flight on Sep. 19.B. The man will take the flight on Sep. 16.C. The man wants to sell his ticket for Sep. 16.D. The man is likely to take the flight on Sep. 20.【答案】D【解析】【分析】M: Well, I’d like to cancel my reservation for the flight o n September 16, and book one on September 19 instead, please.W: Ok. Wait a moment, please. Sorry. They’re all sold out, but there’s only one left, first class, on September 20.Q: What do we learn from the conversation?【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。
5.A. A soccer game. B. A bicycle race.C. A swimming game.D. A Marathon running race.【答案】A【解析】【分析】W: What? The visiting team scored the first goal?M: Yes. Ours are behind.Q: What are they talking about?【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。
6.A. Skirt. B. Matches. C. Toes. D. Shoes.【答案】D【解析】【分析】M: They are a nice match to your skirt, but is that a good fit?W: They are a little too small and my toes hurt.Q: What are they most probably talking about?【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。
7.A. She wants another steak.B. She doesn’t like the steak.C. She is too full to have anything more.D. She is full of energy.【答案】C【解析】【分析】M: You’ve saved room for dessert, haven’t you?W: Oh, I do wish, but, you know, the steak was so nice and I couldn’t resist it. Now I’m absolutely full.Q: What does the woman mean?【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。
8.A. She prefers to exercise in the afternoon.B. The man should continue with his exercise.C. It is important to make warming-up exercise.D. The man should start to exercise one month later.【答案】B【解析】【分析】M: The scale shows no hint of losing weight. I wonder if my running is really worth it.W: It is always very hard when you are starting out. It may work later, only if you stick to it.Q: What does the woman mean?【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。
9.A. It would be very cold today. B. It would get warm today.C. The cold front would stay for long.D. The weather report was wrong.【答案】B【解析】【分析】W: It’s freezing outside. What happened to the weather report? This cold front was supposed to pass and it should be warm now.M: Yes. I thought so too. That’s what I read online this morning.Q: What was the man informed online?【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。
10.A. To drive a long way home. B. To serve as a good mechanic.C. To buy a new car.D. To get her car maintained.【答案】D【解析】【分析】W: Excuse me. I need to have my car serviced before my long drive home.M: No problem, ma’am. We have an excellent mechanic here.Q: What will the woman probably do?【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。
Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear several longer conversation(s) and short passage(s), and you will be asked several questions on each of the conversation(s) and the passage(s). The conversation(s) and the passage(s) will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions are based on the following passage.11. A. Many people like to eat dog meat. B. The world is too competitive.C. Dogs are unhappy with their existence.D. Dogs enjoy their life with people.12. A. A sick dog. B. A watch dog. C. A junkyard dog. D. A barking dog.13. A. He is probably to make his wife madder.B. He could go to work like a dog and get dog-tired.C. He is probably to let sleeping dogs lie.D. He probably will stay in the doghouse.【答案】11. B 12. C 13. C【解析】People in the United States love their dogs and treat them well.However, dogs without owners to care for them lead a different kind of life. The expression "to lead a dog's life" describes a person who has an unhappy existence. Some people say we live in a"dog-eat-dog world." That means many people are competing for the same things, like good jobs. They say that to be successful, a person has to "work like a dog." This means they have to work very, very hard. Such hard work can make people "dog-tired." And the situation would be even worse if they became "sick as a dog."Some people are compared to dogs in bad ways. People who are unkind or uncaring can be described as "meaner than a junkyard dog." Junkyard dogs live in places where people throw away things they do not want. Mean dogs are often used to guard this property. They bark or attack people who try to enter the property. However, sometimes a person who appears to be mean and threatening is really not so bad. We say "his bark is worse than his bite."A junkyard is not a fun place for a dog. Many dogs in the United States sleep in safe little housesnear their owners' home. These doghouses provide shelter. Yet they can be cold and lonely in the winter. Husbands and wives use this doghouse term when they are angry at each other. For example, a woman might get angry at her husband for coming home late, or forgetting their wedding anniversary. She might tell him that he is "in the doghouse." She may not treat him nicely until he apologizes. However, the husband may decide that it is best to leave things alone and not create more problems. He might decide to "let sleeping dogs lie."Questions:If a person says that he is living in a “dog-eat-dog world”, what does he mean?If a person is called mean to others, what phrase can we use to describe him?What would a husband probably do if he is “in the doghouse” according to the passage?【11题详解】此题为听力题，解析略。
2019年上海徐汇区高三年级二模英语试卷
2019学年第二学期徐汇区高三年级学科学习能力诊断卷英语学科（考试时间120分钟，满分150分）2019.4第一卷I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. In a post office. B. On a farm. C. At a clinic. D. At a restaurant.2. A. Thursday 9 am.—5 pm. B. Saturday 9 am.—5 pm.C. Sunday 10 am.—5 pm.D. Monday 10 am.— 6 pm.3. A. He needs to sleep for three or four hours. B. He wants to buy a set of coffee cups.C. He needs more coffee to stay awake.D. He has been wide awake for some time.4. A. In the office. B. In the suburb. C. In the city centre. D. In a flat.5. A. They are shopping. B. They are driving.C. They are walking.D. They are hunting.6. A. Go to the party. B. Go for a ride.C. Prepare for her interview.D. Change her clothes.7. A. She doesn’t have an email address. B. Her computer is infected with virus.C.She doesn’t know how to use a computer.D. She needs to check her email.8. A. The air pollution is caused by the development of industry.B. The city is poor because there isn't much industry.C. The woman doesn’t want to live in the city any more.D. There are no factories where the speakers live.9. A. Boring. B. Demanding. C. Challenging. D. Exhausting.10. A. She called the man but the line was busy. B. She didn't come back until midnight.C. She had been planning for the trip.D. She visited her friends all night. Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11.A. He failed his diving test three times. B. He is uncertain about the coming test.C. He can’t remember the traffic rules.D. He broke the traffic rules during the day.12. A. Surprised. B. Disappointed. C. Confident. D. Upset.13. A. He broke a lot of traffic rules. B. He hadn’t practiced long enough.C. He drove the wrong way.D. Something unexpected happened.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. More than one million. B. More than two million.C. Less than one million.D. Half the population.15. A. They prefer to spend their holidays in Australia.B.Most of them do physical exercise regularly.C.Shopping is one of their favourite recreations.D.They stay at home watching TV most of the time.16. A. A typical Briton is most likely to get up late in the morning.B. The life of Britons hasn’t changed much over the past decades.C. Britons spend more money on their holidays compared to the past.D. British people are quite famous for their unique sense of humor.Section CDirections: In Section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Telephone InformationName: ____(17)____ English Language Center.Application deadlines: the end of ____(18)_____Tuition: ____(19)____ dollarsWays to apply: ①Mail back the application form②Fill out the application form ____(20)_____Complete the form. Write ONE WORD for each answer.Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.Taking take care of his dog during ____(21)____. What does the man ask the woman to do forhim?What does the dog like to do at 3:00 p.m.? He likes to watch ____(22)____ on Channel 4.Because otherwise he would ____(23)____.Why does the man ask the woman to scratchthe dog everyday?What is required durin g the dog’s nap time?Some _____(24)_____.Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.25. Some parents are just too protective. They want to protect their kids _____ every kind ofdanger, real or imagined.A. forB. atC. fromD. with26. A special scientist team has been formed to study the possible relationship between theunusual weather in Australia and _____ in Brazil and some other countries.A. the oneB. the onesC. thatD. those27. Over the past 30 years, the Internet has been developing so fast that the inventors ______ thatIPv4 address exhaustion would arrive so soon.A. could predictB. must have predictedC. ought to predictD. couldn’t have predicted28. —What do you think of the film we watched yesterday?—Terrible! I’ve never seen _______ one.A. the bestB. a worseC. a betterD. the worst29. The first civil service exam was held in 1995 and since then more and more people _____ forit, with applications reaching a peak over the last two years.A. had signed upB. have signed upC. signed upD. will sign up30. The tennis final between Li Na and Kim Clijsters which _____ live to the world once againsparked(点燃) the patriotic passion of Chinese sports lovers.A. was televisedB. televisedC. was televisingD. has televised31. What really worries us is _____ the explorers can accurately locate themselves with the olddevice in case of bad weather.A. thatB. whereC. whatD. whether32. A good volunteer should not only display his or her own good image but also see to it _____the visitor gets the exact information he needs.A. thatB. whichC. howD. where33. Clever wit and humor will help your speech stand out in a good way and keep everyone______.A. entertainingB. entertainedC. to entertainD. being entertained34. ______ there has been evidence of bowling-like games in ancient Egypt, history clearly pointsout that bowling began in Germany during the dark ages.A. SinceB. UnlessC. UntilD. Though35. Parties ______ alcohol is served can go downhill quickly if drinking is basically the onlything to do at the party.A. whereB. whichC. whenD. as36. Experts have pointed out that it was the power failure ______ the Japanese tsunami(海啸) thatled to the crisis at the Fukushima plant.A. followedB. which followC. followingD. to follow37. ______ the product or service does not live up to public expectation, the customer will be verydissatisfied and possibly ask for his or her money back.A. AlthoughB. UnlessC. IfD. Even if38. A US office worker has invented ______ will likely go down as the most useful workplacegadget(小玩意): a device that lets you know when your nearest WC is free.A. whatB. thatC. whichD. who39. He was, after all, the General Manager and did not appreciate being made _____ like anignorant schoolboy.A. feelB. to feelC. feltD. feeling40. ______ you are talking about, gossiping in the office is a surefire way to end your work life.A. No matter what funny thingsB. No matter how funny thingsC. No matter what things funnyD. No matter how things funnySection BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Adult children are giving up the equivalent of a full-time working week each month – at an annual cost of almost £4,000 – to care for an elderly parent or parents, a report published today ___(41)___.The “Cost of a Parent ” study, from insurance and investment group Liverpool Victoria(LV), highlights the increasing problems faced by a "sandwich generation" caught between paying their own bills, meeting the costs of their parents' care and, in one of 20 cases, ___(42)___ financially to their over-18 children.Mike Rogers, group chief executive of LV, which surveyed 2,000 adults last month, said many adults were walking a “fine tightrope” between these three costs. "The care that elderly relatives receive from their families is ___(43)___, but there is clearly a growing concern that financial support for rising residential care costs may simply be ___(44)___," he said. Caught up in the recession （衰退）, almost half of those people with elderly parents said they felt less ___(45)___ able than they did a year ago to meet any care costs."The financial crisis only serves to highlight the difficulties older people, their families and caregivers are ___(46)___ facing when trying to pay for care," said Stephen Burke, chief executive of Counsel and Care. "The situation has been made worse by the ___(47)___ in the housing market, which has made it harder for older people to sell their houses to pay for their care costs."People with parents who need care do not just face financial ___(48)___, according to the LV report. Of those surveyed, 13% had put off career changes or sacrificed ___(49)___ at work, while the same proportion had put off moving house. A third of respondents (调查对象) had put their holiday plans on hold, while a further 13% had sacrificed financial support for their children.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B,C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.The responsibilities of job, home and family all too often transform the daily routine into a huge burden. Enjoying quality leisure time becomes ___(50)___.True leisure means engaging in a ___(51)___ and rewarding activity without being ___(52)___ by other aspects of your life. Sometimes, the ___(53)___ you experience during the week make you place great emphasis on weekends and other days off. You hope to relax, but the pressure is ___(54)___. You can't rest even when you have the time to do so. When time is limited, leisure activities are usually the first items to ___(55)___ from the daily schedule.If you routinely ___(56)___ your leisure time because you have "more important thingstodo," you may be underestimating how much time the things ___(57)___ take. Most people routinely shortchange themselves on the amount of time required to complete a given task. The problem is a ___(58)___ to evaluate performance honestly.___(59)___, simplifying your life will let you have more windows of opportunity to do stuff just for fun. Maybe you need to relearn to relax.Spare Time for Your ___(60)___: Devote one afternoon or evening per week ___(61)___ to doing something that you enjoy, listening to music, assembling a jigsaw puzzle. Do whatever you always wish to but never seem to find time for. And do it where there's nothing to remind you of other ___(62)___.Choose Low-Tech: The popular fascination with technological advances in all areas of life has diverted(偏离) attention from the simple pleasures of many ___(63)___ pastimes. People think they must have the best, most up-to-date equipment available to enjoy themselves. When keeping up with trends becomes the ___(64)___, the pure pleasure of leisure is lost.50.A. essential B. difficult C. noticeable D. incapable51.A. reluctant B. disgusting C. delicate D. pleasurable52.A. preoccupied B. ashamed C. cultivated D. oppressed53.A. favour B. risk C. thirst D. stress54.A. enormous B. reasonable C. ignorant D. adjusted55.A. destroy B. consider C. disappear D. recognize56.A. estimate B. abandon C. fulfill D. expand57.A. constantly B. initially C. actually D. equally58.A. variety B. delay C. record D. failure59.A. However B. Consequently C. Moreover D. Therefore60.A. Instincts B. Desires C. Images D. Tasks61.A. occasionally B. dramatically C. primarily D. entirely62.A. expectations B. obligations C. stimulations D. limitations63.A. individual B. uncommon C. traditional D. physical64.A. threat B. obstacle C. source D. focusSection BDirections: Read the following four passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)“Just relax,” I said, “and let the water support you!”Of course, such things are usually easier said than done.When I discovered that the university I work at has a swimming pool,I was quite pleased. Swimming is a great way to exercise. So I suggested toEllen that we should go for a dip. She declined. At first, I thought it wasbecause she thought it might be too cold to go swimming, but as thesummer heat rolled in, she continued to resist my offers.Eventually, I asked her what was stopping her, and was surprised to hear, “I can't swim!”Most Australians learn to swim fairly early on, with school programs teaching it. With the population of Australia mostly gathered around the edge of the continent, going to the beach and swimming in the sea are incredibly popular things to do, so someone who can’t swim is fairly uncommon.Ellen’s confession drove me to make a foolish offer — that I would teach her to swim.If I’d foreseen the problems that were to come, I would probably have never set foot in the pool.Once we got past the initial hurdle of the water being “too cold”, “too scary” and having “a funny smell”, I persuaded Ellen to put her arms around my neck, and try to let her legs float out behind her, while I gently pulled her along.That night, I tried to sleep w ithout moving my neck, as Ellen’s tight grasp had almost torn my head from my shoulders. She panicked after a small wave splashed some water up her nose, and nearly drowned the pair of us in the resulting waving of arms and legs.I think it was at that point I decided to buy her a large life ring, so that she could float along without holding me tight. And I hope, in that way, Ellen will be a little more confident in the water.65. Ellen refused to go swimming with her husband because ______.A. it was too cold at that timeB. there was no swimming pool aroundC. she couldn’t stand the summer heatD. she did not know how to swim66. Which of the following CANNOT be learned according to the passage?A. Swimming is a required course in many Australian schools.B. Most of the Australians learn to swim at a fairly early age.C. It is convenient for most Australians to go to the seaside.D. Swimming is the most popular activity among Australians.67. The underlined word “hurdle” in the passage probably means ________.A. frameB. excitementC. obstacleD. jump68. How did the author probably feel after teaching his wife to swim for the first time?A. Surprised and tired.B. Exhausted and regretful.C. Energetic and confident.D. Disappointed and angry.(B)The following articles are extracts from editorials.WORKING HOURSThe proc ess of “downsizing”─ in other words, reducing workforces ─ has continued persistently over the last ten years. One of the major effects of this process has been the increase in number of hours worked. Often employees have to take over the work previously done by now redundant（被解雇的）colleagues. Working days of twelve hours or more are not unusual. You have to ask yourselves whether this is an efficient way to run a company, and if it is worth the damage it causes to family life.TOWN CENTRES DIEArguably on e of America’s most destructive exports to the rest of the world has been the out-of-town shopping mall. Shopping centres, usually located on ring roads two or three kilometers from the centre of towns, have sprung up everywhere. As consumers have flocked to them, village shops have closed and town centres have become full of streets with boarded-upshop windows and “For Sale” signs.PROFESSIONALISM RULESThere are few sports where the amateur ideal survives and flourishes. Athletics is normally amateur but all the top athletes are, to all intent and purposes, professionals. Rugby Union(英式橄榄球联合会) has now officially gone professional and the Olympic Games, the supposed symbol of amateurism, has allowed professional sportsmen like tennis players to compete. Standards have certainly improved, but at what cost? Sport is now seen by many as an activity for a few highly skilled and well-paid individuals, rather than as a source of enjoyment for millions, whatever their ability.69. According to the passages, reducing workforces may result in ______.A. the enhancement of work efficiencyB. the increase of employees’ workloadC. better chances of promotionD. the cutdown of employees’ income70. According to the passages, the Olympic Games should ______.A. include more highly skilled and well-paid individualsB. choose rugby when considering the addition of new sportsC. aim at providing more enjoyment for ordinary peopleD. improve their standards of candidates at any cost71. What is in common among these three articles?A. They all quote exact figures to illustrate their points.B. Each of them expresses a strong opinion about a current issue.C. Each of them reflects a different voice about the same problem.D. They all offer constructive suggestions to the authority.(C)One often hears that children should arrive at school “ready to learn.” For most children, the acquisition of reading and math skills starts in the first grade. In states where kindergarten is compulsory, it begins even earlier.Many parents, teachers, and politicians maintain that preschool is the best way to prepare children to learn. There is no real consensus(一致), however, about how this preparation should be achieved.For some, early childhood education relates to the development of the whole child. They think that preschool should encourage exploration and discovery. Group activities teach positive social behaviors such as sharing, kindness, and patience. Time spent alone encourages independence. Learning letters and counting is important only for children who show an interest in them. Advocates（提倡者）of this approach stress that each child is unique and should learn at his or her own pace.Other people refer to research showing that children are ready to absorb basic academic concepts by age 3 or 4. They claim that early introduction to letters and numbers lays the foundation for later academic excellence. Since the 1980s, many people have stressed the value of preschool and point to the success of programs －such as Head Start －that target low-income children.Is there proof that an academic curriculum in preschool will lead to academic success? Studies have not been conclusive. In the short term, evidence suggests that middle-class childrenwho attend preschool are ahead of their peers in maths and language skills, as well as in social skills, when they enter school. However, the same studies show that the gap narrows considerably by the time children reach age 8.Children living in poverty are a different matter. Those enrolled in programs such as Head Start seem to do better than impoverished(穷困的) children who do not attend a preschool. For instance, youngsters in one group enrolled in the program, tracked until the age of 21, earned higher scores on intelligence tests, were more likely to graduate from high school, and demonstrated more interest in higher education.The idea of public preschool raises many issues. Providing Head Start for all children would be a financial burden on communities that already struggle to fund current school programs. Also, where would a sufficient number of teachers trained in early childhood development be found?72. Advocates of the development of the whole child believe school readiness is _______.A.showing eagerness in exploration and discoveryB.learning basic skills, such as knowing letters and countingC.Showing great interest in basic academic conceptsD.demonstration of intellectual, social and emotional skills73. According to the passage, Head Start is most probably _________.A. a preschool program that supports disabled childrenB. a program that helps impoverished children attend a schoolC.an organization that aims to improve current school programsD. a program that helps design the academic curriculum in preschool74. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A.Preschool benefits middle-class children more than poor children.B.Most children start school with similar language and social skills.C.Providing Head Start for all children has encountered great difficulties.D.All children are ready to absorb basic academic concepts by age 3 or 4.75. Which of the following may best summarize the main idea of the passage?A.An academic curriculum in preschool will lead to academic success.B.Preshool is helpful, despite the disagreement about what it should offer.C.Children enrolled in preschool demonstrate more interest in learning.D.Preschool education shouldn’t be a financial burden on communities.Section CDirections: Read the following text and choose the most suitable heading from A-F for each paragraph. There is one extra heading which you do not need.76.If your work schedule sets your teeth to grinding, make a list of projects you need to get done and front-load it with tasks you can accomplish quickly. As you check off accomplishments, you’ll beginto feel in control,and yourstress will ease. Try scheduling daily chores so that you can attack the most difficult ones when your energy level is highest. And delegate the chores not just 77. If you have a series of crushing deadlines looming at work, take some R&R in between them.A weekend at the beach can restore your equilibrium. Distract yourself with something you find soothing: Cook, knit, or break out the watercolors. And, if you can’t take off for the afternoon when you feel your stress rising at the office, just get out for a walk. Even a short stroll can make 78. Women have more intimate social networks than men do, and when they’re stressed, they turn to these networks for support. They’re more likely to seek out the company of other women and less likely to flee or to fight. A stress response mitigated by the support of friends might help explain why women live five years longer, on average, than men. So indulge in the pleasure of family and friends. Invite old pals to a women’s night out. Call your sister. It ma y help you live 79. your body’s supply of available energy in fending off an impending threat also tell your brain that you need to replenish that energy once it’s used up. The result: Your cortisol-crazed psyche sends you on the prowl for all-too-fattening pizza, potato chips, and ice cream in an effort to refuel quickly. If you’re going through a stressful period, fight the urge to snack endlessly. Preferably, eat small low-fat meals. And try to exercise regularly. The exercise doesn’t have to be strenuous. Walking releases endorphins that can soothe a jangled mind. 80. Physiologically, relaxation is the opposite of stres s. When you’re relaxed, your breathing and heart rate slow and your mind clears. Mindfulness is a way to achieve this level of relaxation using a variety of techniques, including yoga, meditation, and simple relaxation exercises. It trains you to use your breathing and an awareness of your body to focus on the here and now.Section DDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.In the wild, winter is a stressful season, and to escape the biting cold and shortage of food, many animals migrate. But there are some species that stay where they are, and these brave creatures do so by relying on various strategies, including adaptation through external change, such as growing thick coats, and adaptation through behavioral or physiological change, such as entering a state of hibernation (冬眠).Hibernation is a state of inactivity, in which an animal's heart rate, body temperature, andbreathing rate are decreased in order to conserve energy through the cold months of winter. A similar state, known as estivation, occurs in some animals during the hot and dry period in summer.When food is scarce, an animal may use up more energy maintaining its body temperature and in searching for food than it would receive from consuming the food. Hibernating animals use 70 to 100 times less energy than when active, allowing them to survive until food is once again plentiful.Many animals sleep more often when food is scarce, but only a few truly hibernate. Hibernation differs from sleep in that a hibernating animal shows a drastic reduction in metabolism(新陈代谢), and then awakes relatively slowly. By contrast, a sleeping animal decreases its metabolism only slightly, and can wake up almost instantly if disturbed.Bears, which many people think of as the classic hibernating animals, are actually just deep sleepers. They do not significantly lower their metabolism and body temperature. True hibernation occurs only in small mammals and a few birds. Some species of insects show periods of inactivity during which growth and development cease and metabolism is greatly reduced. This state is generally referred to as diapause(滞育), although when correlated with the winter months, it would also fit the definition of hibernation.（Note：Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN ELEVEN WORDS.）81. According to the first paragraph, animals rely on different ways to _______.82. What kind of inner changes do animals go through when they enter the state of hibernation?83. According to the passage, the word “estivation” probably refers to _______.84. Why aren’t bears considered true hibernators according to the passage?第二卷（45分）I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1. 他花光所有的积蓄买下了那套公寓。
上海市徐汇区2019届高三英语二模试题(含解析)
Q： What are they most probably talking about?
【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。
7.
A。 She wants another steak.
B. She doesn't like the steak.
Q： What will the woman probably do？
【详解】此题为听力题，解析略.
Section B
Directions： In Section B， you will hear several longer conversation(s） and short passage（s）， and you will be asked several questions on each of the conversation(s) and the passage(s）。 The conversation（s） and the passage（s) will be read twice， but the questions will be spoken only once。 When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard。
D. The man is likely to take the flight on Sep。 20。
【答案】D
【解析】
【分析】
2019届上海市各区高三英语二模试卷题型分类专题汇编--摘要写作--老师版(纯净word带答案已校对终结版)
IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.What comes first: the optimism or the good health?Optimism, defined as the general expectation that the future will be favorable, could provide ways to improve health, some researchers believe. But scientists remain unsure if optimism goes ahead of health improvements, or vice versa.A recent study suggests that most people can’t help but to think optimistically. This study was conducted by Ed O’Brien, a social psychologist at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor. The findings suggest that people have a natural tendency to think positively about their future.Participants were asked to create a list of imaginary personal experiences that would make them happy or unhappy over the course of the next year. They then ranked how difficult it was to plan that list and how happy they believed they would be in the future overall. The easier it was for people to think of positive future experiences, the happier they imagined they would be. However, there was no relationship between easily developing negative future experiences and expecting to be unhappy as a result.O’Brien concluded that people seem to discount the possibility that future negative events will make them happy overall, suggesting that optimism might come more naturally. “We’re not as used to thinking about the future in terms of things that are going to go wrong.” O’Brien’s study is one of many to find that people are consistently optimistic about their future, predicting pleasant experiences and discounting unpleasant ones. If optimism may lead to better health and people generally tend to think optimistically, what does this mean for the connection between mental and physical health? “If we can make sure that optimism comes before healthy states, we might be able to involve and improve people’s optimism,” Boehm explained. However, it’s difficult to determine what comes first: the optimism or the good health.Keys:Despite the claim that optimism benefits fitness, scientists are uncertain. O’Brien’s study indicates it’s human nature to expect a promising future. For instance, those with positive futureplans were more likely to achieve happiness, yet those having/with negative ones didn’t expect unhappiness. Above all, optimism may not necessarily precede good healthIV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.DesertificationDesertification is one of the world’s most alarming processes of environmental degradation （退化）. The issue is often unclear, however, by a common misperception: that it’s a “natural” problem of advancing deserts in faraway developing countries. In fact, desertification is about land degradation: the loss of the land’s biological productivity, caused by man-made factors and climate change.Each year, desertification and drought cause an estimated $42 billion in lost agricultural production. The risks of desertification are sufficient and clear. It contributes to food insecurity, hunger and poverty, and can give rise to social, economic and political tensions that can cause conflicts, further poverty and land degradation. The great urgency of this challenge led the United Nations General Assembly to state 2006 to be the International Year of Deserts and Desertification (IYDD). It is a strong reminder of the urgent need to address the far-reaching implications of this problem. United Nations General Secretary recently summarizes in this way: “I look forward to working with Governments, civil society, the private section, international organizations and others to focus attention on this crucial issue, and to reverse the trend of desertification and set the world o n a safer, more sustainable path of development.”The IYDD also presents a golden opportunity to get the message across strongly and effectively that desertification is a global problem which we ignore at our risk. It is important to recognize that dry-lands are home to some of the most magnificent ecosystems of this world. These unique natural habitats have been home to some of the world’s oldest civilizations. They stand like open-air museums, bearing witness to bygone eras. The Year will therefore also c elebrate the delicate beauty and unique inheritance of the world’s deserts.Keys:Desertification means land degradation due to man-made causes and climate change. It may cause problems like conflicts, poverty and land degradation. So 2006 was stated to be IYDD as a reminder of the serious problem and call for joint efforts to develop the world sustainably. The IYDD also reminds us of the risk, the beauty and civilization/inheritance of the deserts.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Loneliness PeaksFor years America has been talking about obesity, but a new study points to a more serious health issue: isolation and loneliness.Being connected to others socially is widely considered a fundamental human need --- crucial to both well-being and survival. Extreme examples show infants who lack human contact in care fail to grow and often die. Indeed, social isolation has been used as a form of punishment. According to Julianne Holt-Lunstad, the lead author of the study, an increasing portion of the U.S. population now population now experiences isolation regularly. Over 42 million adults above age 45 in the U.S. are estimated to be suffering from chronic（长期的）loneliness.The study of 340 adults between the ages of 27 and 101 living in San Diego identified three key age ranges when people felt the loneliest. Participants who had the highest levels of loneliness were in their late-20s, mid-50s and late-80s. While it may come as a surprise that people in their late-20s suffered from loneliness, a larger survey shows they actually may suffer the hardest.With an increasing number of people working from home, watching television, getting into an addiction to electronic devices, it has become too easy to be alone, even if that’s not a person’s intention. Modern day conveniences like having anything we want delivered make it possible to never need to leave the house. So, not surprisingly, those with frequent social contact usually feel less lonely than those with few social ties.Mounting evidence suggests social isolation and loneliness significantly impact our health,and even shorten our lives, just like obesity. This study isn’t the first time loneliness has been flagged as an emerging health issue. Therefore, reducing both isolation and loneliness is important for quality of life and well-being.Keys:Socializing with people is believed to be the key to happiness, but more people are suffering from loneliness/isolation. According to a study, loneliness peaks in three age stages. Lack of social contact caused by modern lifestyles/convenience makes people feel lonely. As loneliness affects health seriously, it’s necessary to try to reduce it.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Holding Parents Responsible—An Unfair PunishmentThe rise in teen crime suggests that some parents are failing at their parental tasks. To correct the problem, lawmakers in some states require parents to serve jail time. They hope that this punishment will motivate parents to take their responsibilities seriously.Despite public support for parental responsibility laws, many people think that the laws are unfair. They suggest that parents should not be punished for the criminal acts of their children, unless it can be shown there is a related fault on the parents’ part. For example, if young teenagers are arrested for drinking alcohol supplied by parents, then parents should be held responsible because they helped the teenagers break the law. People who oppose parental responsibility laws also believe that punishing parents is unlikely to create a change in the kids’behavior. These people argue that parents may not be at fault. The children of good parents can fall in with the wrong kids and get into trouble, they say. Worse yet, if mom is in jail, there may be no one at all to control her kid. That lack of control may then lead to more crime.The unfortunate fact is that jailing a mom or dad punishes the rest of the family. The jailed parent cannot work to help feed the family or pay the rent. A parent who is sent to jail for the crimes of a teenager may also be fired from a job for missing too much work. Furthermore, littleevidence exists to support the idea that the threat of punishment improves a parents’ability to control a teenager. The problem is that some teens cannot be controlled by their parents, even if the parents try hard to control them. These struggling parents are not ignoring their parental responsibilities. Opponents of parental responsibility laws say that parents who are in this situation need help, not a jail sentence.Keys:Arguments about parental responsibility laws arise in states. Firstly, it’s unfair to punish those parents without fault in their children’s crimes. Moreover, jailing parents may cause more crime and punish other family members as they couldn’t control their kids or support families. Finally, threatening to punish parents of uncontrollable children means nothing to their parental ability.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Should some books be banned from school libraries?Are there Harry Potter books in your school library? Many kids all over the world are reading J. K. Rowling's books in school. But some parents think their children shouldn't be able to find those and other books in school libraries. Should school libraries keep books that some parents don't approve of? Should they take those books off the shelves? All over the country, schools are wrestling with those questions.It’s true that some hold their argument that some books should be banned fro m school libraries! "We need certain limits," said one student in Denver, Colorado. He said some books have no place in school libraries. Many people believe that books that contain violence or bad words shouldn't be in schools. Some people want the Harry Potter books removed because they contain talk about wizards and magic.Most parents know what's good for kids. They have a right to decide which books should or should not be in school libraries.Books should meet certain standards before they are put in schools. Is this a good book for kids to read? Is it full of violence? Does it contain bad words or ideas kids shouldn't learn about? If a book is not good for all kids, it should not be in a school library. Most parents don't have time to find out everything their kids read. They should be able to trust schools to do that for them.On the other hand, some believe that books should not be banned from school libraries! "Parents should decide what their own kids read," said Natalie Nicol, of Denver, Colorado. But other parents shouldn't make that choice for them. Many experts say that it's the parents' job, not the school's job, to check out what their kids are reading. If they don't like a book, they should not let their kids read it.Why should a few parents stop kids from reading stories like the Harry Potter series? Kids should be able to check out books their parents think are OK to read. Many schools let kids borrow certain books if they have a signed paper from a parent. That works fine. A parent doesn't sign the paper if he or she doesn't want the child to read the book. Other kids can read the books if they have permission.Some books are not OK for all kids to read. But if more adults were careful about what their own kids read, they wouldn't have to ban books from the library.Keys:Schools are troubled by the problem whether certain books should be banned from their libraries. Some argue that those books with violence or bad words in should be banned and certain standards in judging books is essential. Others believe that it is paren ts’ responsibility, instead of schools’, to decide whether their kids are permitted to read certain books or not.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Are you working with your computer routinely either as a office employee or a game lover? Are your eyes dry, watery, blurry, seeing double or sensitive to light? If your answer is a “yes”, you are likely one of many people today who suffer from digital eyestrain, also called computer-vision syndrome. What on earth is this syndrome coming from? What can we do to deal with this problem?Eyestrain is often related to the amount of exposure to screens, the distance from eyes to screens and the use of multiple screens simultaneously. However, studies have also shown that the blue light produced by digital devices today reaches further into the eyes than other kinds of light. This light actually assists attention during the day but can result in interrupted sleep patterns at night.Years of scientific researches indicate that eyestrain isn’t necessarily an unavoidable problem for those who deal with computer work in the daily base. There are ways you can adopt which can overcome the problem considerably. To begin with, your computer screen should be high-resolution(高分辨率), at least 50 centimeters wide diagonally and may require a screen filter to decrease reflections. Also, be aware that “computer glasses”, which cut down glare and blue light，are available.Besides, to reduce your risk for computer-vision syndrome, take frequent breaks during your computer workday. Many workers take only two 15-minute breaks from their computer throughout their day. According to a recent study, eyestrain are significantly reduced when computer workers take four additional five-minute “mini-breaks” throughout their workday.Finally, many of us fall into bad habits while using digital screens, which only worsen the effects of eyestrain. While viewing digital screens, many people blink (眨眼) one third less often than they usually do. Place a reminder on your computer to “blink” so that your eyes don’t dry out.Keys:Digital eyestrain is related to the amount of exposure to screens and the distance of the eyes to the screens. Scientists suggest we should use high-resolution screens and try to decrease reflections. Moreover, besides longer breaks, we should take more additional mini-breaks. Finally, remind ourselves to blink as much as possible to prevent our eyes from drying out.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Gardening can have many positive effects on your physical and mental health. Whether you’re growing fruit and veggies, flowers or succulents, getting your green thumb on can have a surprising number of health benefits for you and your family.Depending on the size of your garden, maintaining it can be a great way to be physically active. This could be as tough as mowing the lawn, or as gentle as getting a good stretch and practice stabilizing yourself while kneeling, sitting or reaching. In fact, gardening is a recommended activity as it can encourage the use of many motor skills, improve endurance and strength and keep you moving.These days, we can buy pretty much any fruit and vegetable we want from the supermarket, at any time of year. But gardening enables us to eat seasonally, which has important benefits for our bodies. For example, asparagus and apricots grow in spring and summer, while Brussels sprouts get going in winter. Eating seasonally can keep healthy eating exciting by encouraging you to try new recipes using in-season produce. You will also get a wider variety of different coloured produce, providing nutritious vitamins and minerals in your diet throughout the year as the produce you eat changes with the seasons.Gardening is also a great way to relax, providing opportunities to still the mind and get away from the busyness of everyday life. There is even evidence to suggest that gardening can help ease symptoms of mental illnesses like depression and anxiety. Whether you’re gardening by yourself, or getting the whole family involved, it’s a great way to spend some time outdoors, away from screens and to-do lists, and engage with nature. From repetitive tasks like weeding that provide opportunities for meditation, to practising patience while waiting for plants to grow, gardening is a great exercise for your mind as well as your body.Keys:Gardening may bring positive benefits to your fitness physically and mentally. It keeps you physically active, because it involves using motor skills and improves endurance and strength.Besides，gardening helps you to eat seasonally, through which you can maintain healthy eating and get adequate nutrition. Also, i t’s a great way to calm your mind and ease your daily stress.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Peter woke up one morning with all the usual signs of a nasty cold: severe headache and blocked nose. Then he did what almost everyone does on a day like this. He got up and went to work. Such is the state of what the human resources industry has come to call presenteeism.Many experts claim that presenteeism is now a bigger problem in the UK than absenteeism and could even help explain the country’s weak productivity growth. A growing number of companies are realizing presenteeism and doing something about it. This generally takes the form of programmes full of once unimaginable sweets: cheap gym membership, veggie salads in the canteen, stand-up desks and the odd massage. of course, there’s nothing against lunchtime dentistry or free workout. They do more good than harm. But such welfares alone won't do much to stop people from presenteeism.The chief reasons why people soldier on have nothing to do with how fit they are. They work for leaner, more stressed companies where dismissals are common. This makes some people worried that they will be targeted in the next round of job cut if they have taken a lot of time off. Others worry about troubling stretched colleagues with more work in their absence. How annoying it is to be faced with cold faces when you return to office after two days' rest at home.There is not much to be said for "silly things" like ping-pong tables and office bean bags. The key to dealing with presenteeism lies in training managers to be better at spotting swifly when employees are under too much stress or ill, and dealing with the situation sensibly---putting the sick employee to sick leave although he is reluctant. Of course, work has to be done to eliminate employee's concern about his job prospect thereof.Keys:Presenteeism, going to work when ill, though common in the UK, harms productivity. Theresponsive staff benefits companies offer are of no avail to solve the problem. The real reasons lie in sick employees’ fear of potential layoff and concern about additi onal workload on colleagues.The solution depends on management’s timely detection of presenteeism and strategic compulsory leave mechanism.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Fujian Puppetry (木偶剧) in Need of Urgent Safeguarding As one of the contributions of Chinese performing art to the world’s cultural heritage (遗产), Fujian puppetry has a long history. It has developed a set of characteristic techniques of performance and puppet making, as well as plays and music.No final conclusions have yet been reached on the origins and evolution of Chinese puppetry. Dating from Shang dynasty, pottery figurines (陶俑) used as burial objects have been discovered at the Yin Ruins. In a Western Han tomb at Mawangdui in Changsha, Hunan Province, a number of wooden figurines have been unearthed. These were a great improvement on those from previous dynasties in terms of craftsmanship, variety and modeling. Over time, figurines as burial objects evolved into puppets for entertainment on festive occasions.Chinese puppetry further developed during the Ming and Qing dynasties, with a bunch of schools spreading across the country. Puppet shows from various places had their own characteristics in terms of figure modeling.In the past few decades, many traditional forms of art have seen a decline in popularity. In particular, Fujian puppetry finds itself in hot water. The number of young people learning puppetry has decreased due to socioeconomic changes to their lifestyles. The long period of training required to master the complicated performing techniques has also been a factor in the fall.In response, concerned communities, groups and bearers laid down the 2008-2020 Strategy for the Training of Coming Generations of Fujian Puppetry Practitioners. The key objectives are to safeguard the promotion of Fujian Puppetry and to increase its sustainability throughprofessional training to cultivate a new generation of puppetry practitioners; creation of teaching materials; construction of training institutes and exhibition halls; regional and international cooperation; and artistic exchange.In 2012, the strategy was added to the Register of Good Safeguarding Practices by the UNESCO. With great efforts made by practitioners, local people and education institutions, Fujian Puppetry can expect a brighter future.Keys:Fujian puppetry, a performing art, is a cultural heritage with a long history that may have originated from burial objects. However, it has become less popular these decades because of fewer young learners and the difficulty in mastering its techniques. Luckily, some people and organizations have realized its value and are making joint efforts to save it, including UNESCO.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.China’s National TreasurePandas are in danger of extinction at present, with only 1,900 remaining in the world. The scientific name of the giant panda is actually called the cat bear, the number of which is very scarce. It is one of the most precious animals in the world and belongs to the protected animals at the national level. Its body color is black and white. Giant pandas are unique to China, very cute. The existing major habitats are in the surrounding mountainous areas such as Sichuan and Shanxi in China. The giant panda has a very powerful function; digesting bamboo. We all know that bamboo is mainly cellulose （纤维素）, and most animals can’t digest it except giant pandas.Th e giant panda’s hometown is in the mountains southwest of China, green bamboos and springs everywhere. Therefore, the giant panda’s main food consists of bamboo and spring water.Giant pandas are often referred to as living fossils. Hundreds of thousands of years ago, it was the peak period of giant pandas. This is of great scientific value for studying and protectingbiodiversity and environmental changes on the earth. Long, long ago, the climate of the earth became colder and colder, many ice cubes formed on the earth; plants could not grow, and many animals were frozen or starved to death. The giant panda alone survived in the deep valleys of the mountains and became a treasure of the animal world. The giant panda still retains the characteristics of ancient animals. Therefore, the giant panda is not only popular with adults and children in terms of appearance, but also becomes a living fossil for biologists to study ancient creatures.The status of giant pandas has been politicized. Giant pandas can be seen in almost all the major countries in the world. The giant panda has become a witness of friendship between China and foreign countries. For decades, wherever the giant panda goes, a panda whirlwind will blow.With its charmed figure and natural cuteness, the Chinese giant panda attracts numerous fans around the world, and at the same time plays the role of friendship ambassador in China’s foreign exchanges, becoming one of the most famous symbols in China.Keys:The reasons why giants pandas become national treasures are as follows. First, giant pandas are scarce, becoming the most valuable animals in the world. Second, giant pandas are living fossils with important scientific value in studying and protecting biodiversity and environmental changes on the earth. Finally, giant pandas have become a symbol of friendship between China and foreign people.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Unfair ComparisonsThanks to social media, the distance between friends is smaller than ever. But does that make us happier? Not necessarily. A recent study has found spending too much time comparing your life with the seemingly perfect lives of your friends on social media can result in depressive symptoms.We’ve all done it ---- browsing through our WeC hat friends’updates while feeling that green-eyed monster holding its head in our minds: Are their homes bigger and more tasteful? Are their vacations more expensive and exciting? Are their careers more successful and rewarding?Comparison is the thief of joy. The more time you spend on social media, the more likely it is for you to feel depressive symptoms, according to a new study out of University of Houston.The study, led by Mai-Ly Steers, examines the potential impact online social comparison can have on a person’s mental health.“The underlying mechanism is social comparison,”Steer s said.“The reason why you feel these feelings is that you tend to socially compare yourself with your friends.”This social comparison theory was popularized by US psychologist Leon Festinger in the 1950s. According to an article in The Atlantic, Festinger argued that people have born tendencies to track their progress and measure their self-worth by comparing themselves with other people. That social comparison leads to feelings of insignificance and insecurity. Research has since found that making social comparisons, especially upward comparisons(to people we think above us for whatever reason), are associated with negative health outcomes like depressive symptoms and decreased self-esteem.“You can’t really control the strong desire to compare because you never know what your friends are going to post. In addition, most of our friends tend to post about the good things that occur in their lives, while leaving out the bad. If we’re comparing ourselves with our friends’‘sharable highlights’, this may lead us to think their lives are better than they actually are, and thus make us feel worse about our own lives.”So if you are the jealous type, maybe think about signing off of your WeChat for a while. Your well-being may depend on it.KeysSocial media can cause depressive symptoms, because people are likely to compare with their friends. It can result in insignificant and insecure feelings about themselves, since they cannot resist their own desire to compare with their friends about their good things. Therefore, people should stay away from the WeChat for a while.。
2019-2020学年徐汇职业高级中学高三英语二模试题及答案解析
2019-2020学年徐汇职业高级中学高三英语二模试题及答案解析第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AA medical capsule robot is a small,often pill-sized device that can do planned movement inside the body after being swallowed or surgically inserted. Most models use wireless electronics or magnets or a combination of the two to control the movement of the capsule. Such devices have been equipped with cameras to allow observation and diagnosis, with sensors that “feel,” and even with mechanical needles that administer drugs.But in practice, Biomechatronics engineer Pietro Valdastri has found that developing capsule models from scratch (从头开始) is costly, time-consuming and requires advanced skills. “The problem was we had to do them from scratch every time,” said Valdastri in an interview. “And other research groups were redeveloping those same modules from scratch, which didn’t make sense.”Since most of the capsules have the same parts of components: a microprocessor, communication submodules, an energy source, sensors, and actuators (致动器), Valdastri and his team made the modular platform in which the pieceswork in concertand can be interchanged with ease. They also developed a flexible board on which the component parts are snapped in like Legos. The board can be folded to fit the body of the capsule, down to about 14 mm. Additionally, they compiled (编译) a library of components that designers could choose from, enabling hundreds of different combinations. They arranged it all in a free online system. Designers can take the available designs or adapt them to their specific needs.“Instead of redeveloping all the modules from scratch, people with limited technological experience can use our modules to build their own capsule robots in clinical use and focus on their innovation,” Valdastri said.Now, the team has designed a capsule equipped with a surgical clip to stop internal bleeding. Researchers at Scotland’s Royal Infirmary of Edinburg have also expressed interest in using the system to make a crawling capsule that takes images of the colon(结肠). One research group, led by professors at the Institute of Digestive Disease of the Chinese University of HongKong, is making a swimming capsule equipped with a camera that pushes itself through the stomach.One limitation of Valdastri’s system is that it’s only for designing models. Researchers can confirm their hypotheses (假设) and do first design using the platform, but will need to move to a custom approach to develop their capsules further and make them practical for clinical use.1. According to the passage, Valdastri and his team created the platform to ________.A. adopt the latest technologiesB. make their robots dream come trueC. help build specialized capsule robotsD. do preciser observation and diagnosis2. What does the underlined phrase “work in concert” mean in Para.3?A. Perform live.B. Run independently.C. Act in a cooperative way.D. Carry on step by step.3. What can be learnt from the passage?A. Valdastri’s system can’t provide a complete capsule creation.B. The modular platform is more useful than a custom approach.C. The capsules can move in human’s body automatically.D. It costs more to module the capsules on the board.BBob, a Burroughs junior high school football player, always had his mom cheering him on. He didn’t play exciting positions. He played as a linebacker(中后卫球员). Sadly, he often found himself at the bottom of the piles, where everyone would jump onto each other at the end of every play. Bob's mom realized it was hard for her son to hear her cheering. She hadto find a solution, but couldn't find one.Then one day the coach from the school team asked him if he wanted to join the team. Bob wasecstatic, because he was only a ninth grader. His mom was also excited, since she loved football and especially loved watching her son play. She kept considering a way for him to hear her. A cowbell! That was it. Now from the bottom of the piles Bob would hear his mom shaking her cowbell crazily, knowing she was there for him.Bob's team finally made it to the state championship game. What exciting time to play at Busch Stadium under the lights! This experience made Bob appreciate all the years that his mom had sacrificed everything to get him to practice every day, to wash his uniforms, and to never miss a game. He had to do something.On the night of the state championship game, the loudspeakers introduced Bob, and as he walked onto the field his mom shook the cowbell, hard. However, it didn’t sound right. She looked its inside, and found a note saying,”Thank you, Mom.” Bob had left her a note expressing his appreciation for always being with him, filling her heart with warmth.Finally Burroughs claimed the title of State Champion. While others were cheering and admiring the statechampionship cup, Bob' s mom clutched(紧握) her cowbell happily.Years later, Bob’s mom died. While digging through her belongings, he found the cowbell with the note. Bob took it to his mom's funeral and rang it, whispering, "Thank you, Mom.”4. What does the underlined word "ecstatic” mean in Paragraph 2?A. CuriousB. DisappointedC. AnxiousD. Delighted5. Why did Bob's mom want to get a cowbell?A. To amuse her cow.B. To teach her cowC. To attract his attention.D. To make him hear her6. What can be learned from Paragraph 3?A. Bob's mom devoted much time to himB. Bob was the best player in his teamC. Bob owed his success to his coachD. Bob's mom was a football player at college7. Why didn’t the cowbell sound as usual that night?A. The mother was very weak.B. Bob had put a note inside the bell.C. The weather became terrible suddenlyD. The bell had been broken deliberates.CDad’s comb was jade green. I heard he bought it when he married Mum, which made the comb two years older than I was. Every night, he wouldsmile, hand me the comb and say, “Be a good girl and help Daddy clean it, OK?”I was more than happy to do it. At age five this mundane task brought me such joy. I would excitedly turn the tap on, then brush the comb with a used toothbrush as hard as I could. Satisfied that I’d done a good job, I would proudly return the comb to Dad. He would smile at me and place the comb on top of his wallet.About two years later, Dad left his sales job and started his own wholesale business. I started primary school. That was when things started to change. He didn’t come home as much as he used to – just a couple of times a week. And when he did come home, it was always late and I’d already be in bed. I started to get mad. I stopped waiting for him to come home, and stopped going downstairs to check on him.Today, I’m no longer a kid. I’ve graduated from college and got a job. Dad’s business has got back on track. Things are better now. Yet the uncomfortable silence between Dad and me persisted.Two days before my birthday last year, Dad came home early. As usual, I helped him carry his bags into his study. When I turned to leave, he said, “Hey, would you like to help me clean my comb?” I looked at him a while, then took the comb and headed to the sink.I passed the clean comb back to Dad. He looked at it and smiled. But this time, I noticed something different. My dad has aged. He has wrinkles next to his eyes when he smiles, yet his smile is still as heartwarming as before. The smile of a father who just wants a good life for his family. Dad carefully placed his comb on top of his wallet.After so many years, he still organizes his personal items in the same meticulous way. I guess some things never change. And for that, I’m glad.8. What caused the uncomfortable silence between Dad and me?A. Generation gap.B. Dad’s failure in business.C. My ignorance of Dad.D. Dad’s absence from the family.9. Which of the following can best describe Dad?A. Gentle but strict.B. Hardworking and caring.C. Cautious and realistic.D. Demanding but patient.10. Why did Dad ask his daughter to clean his comb before her birthday?A. To give her a lesson.B. To follow his old habit.C. To fix their relationship.D. To praise her helpfulness.11. Which saying concludes the text best?A. Yesterday once more.B. Let bygones be bygones.C. Some things never change.D. Like father, like daughter.DMy school appeared on the news last week because we had made an important change in our local area. Our class had planted a large garden in what was once only a vacant lot. It was a lot of work but it was all worth it. I got blisters(水泡) from digging, and we all got insect bites, too.I learned a lot about gardening and collaboration(合作), and then I learned about the media. Our teacher telephoned the TV station and informed them of what we had accomplished. She spoke with the producer. The producer checked with the directors, but they said there were plenty of stories similar to ours. They wanted to know what was special about our particular garden, since many schools plant them.The teacher explained that, after going on the Internet to learn about the prairie(大草原), we had made a prairie garden. We had gone to a prairie and gotten seeds from the plants, and then we planted them. We did not water the garden, but we did weed it. We decided to let nature water it with rain, since that was how prairies grew in the past. We sent a picture of the garden to the news station. In the picture, the grass was so high that it stood taller than the fourth grade students.As a result, the producer sent a reporter to our school. He interviewed the headmaster and asked him many questions about the garden. After that, they interviewed us, and we explained to them what we had learned through this project.That night, we watched the news, and there we were. The news reporter told our story. It was only two minutes long, but it was us. We were famous. All that work, all those blisters, it was worth it. We knewthatwhen we saw the garden every day, but now we knew that the whole city thought so, too.12. What seemed to be the TV directors’ initial reaction to the garden?A. They were excited.B. They were surprised.C. They were worried.D. They were uninterested.13. What is special about the garden?A. Weeds were allowed to spread naturally.B. The grass grew faster than common grass.C. The seeds came from the plants of a prairie.D. Underground water was used for the plants.14. What does the underlined word “that” refer to in the last paragraph?A. We got blisters on our hands.B. Our hard work was worthwhile.C. The garden would be famous.D. The project would be finished.15. How did the author feel about the project?A. Annoyed.B. Curious.C. Proud.D. Regretful.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
2019-2020学年上海市徐汇区教师进修学院附属实验中学高三英语二模试题及参考答案
2019-2020学年上海市徐汇区教师进修学院附属实验中学高三英语二模试题及参考答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AMany workers have had no choice but to adapt to working from home in recent months since offices shut down due to the COVID-19 pandemic (新冠疫情). And the noisy situation and endless housework may result in a terrible emotion. A new option is waiting foryou. That is WFH: work from a hotel.Hotel FigueroA special program titled Work Perks aims to reposition some of 94-year-old Hotel Figuero’s 268 rooms as day-use offices.According to Managing Director Connie Wang, the set-up launched in June and is a great opportunity to get out of their houses with high-speed Wi-Fi, unlimited printing privileges and free parking. The 350-square-foot rooms sell for $ 129 per day, with an option to extend to an overnight stay for an additional $ 20.The WytheA boutique hotel in Brooklyn. The hotel recently announced a partnership with co-working office space company Industrious through which it is recycling 13 second-story guest rooms to serve as offices for up to four people.Each of the rooms has a small outdoor platform, and dogs are welcome. Pricing starts at $ 200 and goes up to $ 275, depending on how many people use the space.The SawyerThe Sawyer, in Sacramento, California, is offering pool cabanas (更衣室) for use as outdoor offices, complete with fast Wi-Fi, free parking and catered lunch for $ 150 per day.HotelsByDayYannis Moati founded HotelsByDay back in 2015. That company has grown to include more than 1,500 hotels, and has seen a significant increase in the number of inquiries for day-use bookings lately.Moati said the current situation will force hotels to upgrade themselves to stay alive, and he predicted that offering rooms for day-use only is one of the directions they will go.1.How much should one pay for a 24-hour stay in Hotel Figuero?A.$ 129.B.$ 149.C.$ 150.D.$ 200.2.Which hotel allows pets in?A.The Wythe.B.The Sawyer.C.HotelsByDay.D.Hotel Figuero.3.What do we know about Yannis Moati?A.He started a program titledWork Perks.B.He has upgraded at least 1,500 rooms.C.He usually predicts everything correctly.D.He is optimistic about the WFH trend.BThe World Wildlife Fund (WWF) says more than half of the world’s wildlife population has been lost, whichthe conservation group says has placed the health of the planet at risk.The WWF recently released its 10th Flagship Living Planet Report. The group warns the condition of the world's animals is worse than its earlier reports showed, indicating worldwide action is needed.The WWF is worried about the loss of and damage to Earth’s environment. The report provides information about more than 10,000 animal populations from 1970 to 2010. These populations are called “vertebrate species,” or animals with backbones — like fish, birds, mammals, amphibians and reptiles. The report shows these populations have dropped by 52 percent in just 40 years. It warns freshwater species have fallen by 76 percent, which is almost twice the loss of land and ocean species. Most of these losses are in the tropics, with the biggest drop inLatin America.Marco Lambertini, the WWF’s International Director-General said, “This is about losing natural habitats. This is aboutconvertingforests, grasslands, and wetlands into agriculture mainly, and it is about unsustainable use of wildlife. Illegal hunting has been actually increasing over the last 10 years, which definitely a driving force for extinction, particularly of large species.”The report also notes what it calls the world’s “Ecological Footprint”, that is, the effect of human activities on the planet. Mr. Lambertini says there has been an increase in carbon dioxide gases and the pouring of nitrogen into oceans and rivers from fertilizers used in agriculture, which certainly cannot continue.“We are consuming on average every year about the equivalent of about 1.5, one and a half times the resources available to the planet. That means we are cutting trees more quickly than they can be restored. We are fishing the oceans more quickly than fishing stocks can reproduce, and we are emitting in the atmosphere more CO2thanthe natural systems can actually absorb, which is clearly not sustainable.”Mr. Lambertini warns climate change affects almost everyone on the planet and that whole species may disappear if the world does not reduce the effects of humans on the climate.4. According to the passage, what kind of species faces the biggest drop in population?A. Land and ocean species.B. Animals with backbones.C. Freshwater species inLatin America.D. Freshwater species in the tropics.5. All the following can contribute to the loss of world’s wildlife population EXCEPT ________.A. turning wildlife habitats into agriculture land.B. making sustainable use of wildlife.C. hunting illegally.D. emitting CO2 gases and pouring nitrogen.6. Which does the underlined word “converting” in paragraph 4 mean?A. Conserving.B. Conveying.C. Exchanging.D. Transforming.7. It can be inferred from the passage that _______.A. Marco is much concerned about human’s current behaviors towards wildlife.B. what the planet provides now can satisfy human’s sustainable development.C. more than half of the world’s wildlife population has been lost.D. if humans reduce the effects on the climate, the whole species will not disappear.CWhen visitors enter Planet Word, a new museum in Washington, D. C , they will see Speaking Willow, a tall art piece representing a tree. As they pass under the artwork, they can hear recordings of speech in hundreds of languages coming from the tree. Most words sound foreign to the listeners. The different voices also speak at the same time. The resultingclamoris similar to that made in a crowded theater before a show begins.Rafael Lozano-Hemmer completed the piece last year. On his website, the artist says that Speaking Willow “reminds us that language is what defines our specific communities and connects our many cultures.” Lozano-Hemmer made the piece specially for the museum.It is the first of many immersive (身临其境的) experiences for visitors at Planet Word, a museum all aboutwords and language. The exhibits playfully explore the lager and complex subject of language.In one room, a video plays, showing babies saying their first words. Another room, called “Where Do Words Come From”, teaches the history of some common English words. The space includes a 22-foot-tali “Wall of Words”, where visitors speak into devices and learn about the roots of the English language.Another room invites listeners to speak and learn about different languages. Native speakers of 28 languages and two sign languages teach people sayings in those languages. They also explain how language shapes their understanding of the world and how words cannot be separated from culture.Other rooms explore the different ways language is used — from humor and song writing to public speaking and advertising. Visitors can sing karaoke while learning about song writing, record a famous speech, play a joke-telling game, and teach a computer how to make cartoons. Almost every exhibit is interactive and most ask visitors to speak aloud.One exhibit room is all about books. It is designed to look like an old, rich library. Books line the shelves. When a book is placed on the table, a recorded reading begins and pictures appear.8. What does the underlined word “clamor” in paragraph 1 probably mean?A. Scene.B. Noise.C. Language.D. Appearance.9. The SpeakingWillowwas created ______.A specially B. accidentallyC. on requestD. out of curiosity10. What can we learn from the video in the room?A. Words and cultures.B. Different languages.C. The history of words.D. The first words newborns say.11. In which paragraph can you find the methods of using languages?A. 3.B. 4.C. 6.D. 7.DWe are in lack of enough sleep, according to Arianna Huffington, the co-founder and editor-in-chief of The Huffington Post. And thishas great consequences on our health, our job performance, our relationships and our happiness. What is needed, she ly declares, is nothing short of a sleep revolution. Only by renewing our relationship with sleep can we take back control of our lives.In her bestseller Thrive, Arianna wrote about our need to redefine success through wellbeing, wisdom, wonder, and giving. Her discussion of the importance of sleep as a gateway to this more fulfilling way of living struck such a powerful chord (弦) that she realized the mystery and transformative power of sleep called for a fuller investigation (调查).The result is a scientifically sweeping and personal exploration of sleep from all angles, from the history of sleep, to the role of dreams in our lives, to the consequences of sleep deprivation (剥夺), and the new golden age of sleep science that is showing the vital role sleep plays in our every waking moment and every aspect of our health — from weight gain, diabetes, and heart disease to cancer and Alzheimer’s.In The Sleep Revolution, Arianna shows how our cultural removal of sleep as time wasted damages our health and our decision-making and our work lives and shortens our personal lives. She explores all the latest science on what exactly is going on while we sleep and dream. She decides the dangerous sleeping pill industry, and all the ways of our addiction to technology disturb our sleep. She also offers a range of recommendations and tips from leading scientists on how we can get better and more restorative sleep.In today’s fast-paced, always-connected and sleep-deprived world, our need for a good night’s sleep is more important than ever. The Sleep Revolution both sounds the alarm on our worldwide sleep crisis and provides a detailed road map to the great sleep awakening that can help transform our lives, our communities, and our world.12. What is the first paragraph mainly about?A. The importance of sleep.B. The necessity of improving sleep.C. The way to improve our sleep.D. The effect of sleep on health.13. What can be inferred about Arianna’s attitude to success?A. She thinks good sleep is more important.B. She doesn’t think much of becoming successful.C. She thinks it wrong to sacrifice health to success.D. She is concerned about the nature of success.14. What can be said about Arianna’s investigation?A. It is really of great value.B. It is scientific and historical.C. It costs Arianna’s sleep in practice.D. It covers all necessary aspects scientifically,15. What influence does TheSleep Revolution have on society?A. It helps to slow down the pace of modern life.B. It warns people against taking sleeping pills.C. It warns the harm of inadequate sleep of people.D. It helps to stress the value of sleep to success.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
上海市徐汇区2019届高三二模英语试题 Word版含解析
2018学年第二学期徐汇区学习能力诊断卷高三英语试卷考生注意:1. 考试时间120分钟，试卷满分140分。
2. 本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。
所有答題必须涂(选择题)或写(非选择题)在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。
3. 答題前，务必在答題纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码貼在指定位置上，在答題纸反面清楚地填写姓名。
I. Listening ComprehensionSection A Short ConversationsDirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1.A. At an airport.B. In the hotel.C. At a bus stop.D. In a subway station.【答案】A【解析】【分析】M: How much should I pay for the overweight?W: The charge for extra baggage is calculated by 1.5% of the standard ticket fare for economy class.Q: Where does the conversation most probably take place?【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。
2019-2020学年上海徐汇教院附中高三英语第二次联考试题及答案解析
2019-2020学年上海徐汇教院附中高三英语第二次联考试题及答案解析第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项ANothing beats live music, but the venue makes a difference. When you're able to score tickets to an incredible concert in an incredible place, you won't forget the experience. Here are some of the coolest music venues from around the world. If you haven't been to any of these, you've got some traveling to do.Red Rocks, Morrison, the United StatesRed Rocks might be the most beautiful and famous venue in the United States. At 6,450 feet above sea level, Red Rocks is a geologically formed natural stage. Its massive sandstone provides a perfect stage for jam bands. If you're into the blues and jazz, you'll have no trouble finding something in line with your interests.Meet Factory, Prague, Czech RepublicSmallest venues on this list, Meet Factory is an art gallery, theater, and music venue. The venue only accommodates 1,000 people, so you won't see any huge names come through. Still, it's a great place to see up-and-coming local acts, and if you've got an eye for contemporary art, you'll love your time here.Arena of NÎmes, NÎmes, FranceOriginally built around A. D. 70, the Arena of Nimes presents concertgoers with an interesting question: Should they enjoy the music, or marvel at the architecture? The Arena is, after all, one of the world's best-preserved Roman theaters. Many major touring acts plan stops at the Arena of Nimes, especially during the venue's annual festival.Sydney Opera House, Sydney, AustraliaThe Sydney Opera House is one of the world's most famous performing venues. I's also one of the most distinctive buildings in Sydney, thanks to the breathtaking design by Danish architect Utzon. It hosts about 40 events per week, so whether you're into jazz, rock, classical music, or opera, you'll find something to watch.1.Where can you enjoy music in natural beauty?A.At Red Rocks.B.At Meet Factory.C.At Arena of Nimes.D.At Sydney Opera House.2.What is special about Meet Factory?A.It enjoys breathtaking scenery.B.It hosts both musical and artistic events.C.It is the largest venue of all.D.It is famous for contemporary music.3.What do the listed music venues have in common?A.They have a long history.B.They are built near the sea.C.They accommodate thousands of people.D.They are beautiful tourist attractions.BIf you have ever been disappointed because you don’t have a good gardener ,the clever robot may one day become the helper of your indoor plantsThe Hexa Plant is a six-legged robot that has been specially made to care for the potted plant that carries on top of its head .Using light and heats sensors (传感器) the robot has the ability to carry its plant in and out the daylight .If the houseplant needs more sun，the Hexa will walk into the sunlight ;and if the houseplant is getting too hot , the Hexa will go back into the area that blocks direct light The Hexa Plant will even do a little dance when it senses that the plant needs to be watered to warn its owner .The robot was developed by Vincross engineer and founder Sun Tianqi after he saw a dead sunflower sitting in the darkness in a room back in 2014 .” Plants only receive an action without responding ,”SunTianqi wrote in a blog post .” Whether they are being cut ,bitten ,burned or pulled from the earth ,or when they haven’t received enough sunshine ,water ,or are too hot or cold ,they will hold still and take whatever is happening to them .According to Sun Tianqi ,for billions of years ,plants have never experienced movement of any kind ,not even the simplest movement .In their whole lives ,they stick to where they were born .Sun Tianqi continued ,” Do they want break their own settings or have a tendency towards this ?I do not know the answer ,but would love to try to share some of this human tendency and technology with plants With the help of the robot ,plants can experience the move”.The Hexa Plant model robots are not for sale ,though Vincross does sell a Hexa robot model .It is said that in the near future the robots can open up a new market to watch over our household plants4. What can we learn about the Hexa Plant?A. It helps people do some gardening .B. It waters the plants through dancingC. It helps indoor plants get proper sunlightD. It carries the potted plant with its hands5. What does the author try to show through Paragraph 3?A. The way plants spend their whole livesB. The common way people deal with plantsC. The difference between plants and humansD. The cause of making the indoor plants’ helper.6. What does Sun Tianqi try do using this technology?A. To develop gardening skills.B. To draw people’s attention plantsC. make plants experience moveD. study the living conditions of plants7. What can be the best title for the text?A. A New Market for robotsB. An Indoor Plants’ HelperC. An Important Development in GardeningD The Tendency of Gardening in the FutureCAs I work in theLarkwhistle Garden in Dyer's Bay, Ontario, I take my time and the garden is teaching me about working with the earth. I recognize that there will be both successes and failures and there are many variables(变量)that affect them both.The quality of the seeds planted has a bearing on how the plants will grow. The weather can be too hot, too cold, or exactly right, and usually varies between all three. Weeds seem to grow in the garden and need to be taken care of, pulled, and removed to ensure they do not eat into the fruits, vegetables, and flowers we have so lovingly planted.I take time to stand back and rest, and to observe the plants and how they are growing. Each plant is unique and develops in the way that is best for them. Some have large broad leaves to shadow their fruit from the severe rays of the sun, while other plants are more open, their fruit needing the light to grow and ripen.Getting my hands dirty, feeling the sweat on my forehead, and the strength and flexibility of my body as I dig, bend and work under the warm summer sun, reminds me I am alive in ways I would not have remembered sitting on the couch.It is attractive to move things around, to transplant, and to disturb the natural order of how plants grow. The garden teaches me that it is important to know when to disturb things and when to let them be. The garden's life cycle follows a pattern that is repeated according to laws of nature, birth, growth, and then dies and it teaches us to accept this fact.8. How many variables may affect the growth of plants in the garden?A. Two.B. Three.C. Four.D. Five.9. What can we learn about the author?A. He feels exhausted while gardening.B. He enjoys life from working practice.C. He takes pleasure in harvesting fruits.D. He dreams away his time in the garden.10. How is the garden tended by the author?A. Its rank grass is got rid of.B. Its plants are left to grow freely.C. Its temperature is controlled properly.D. Its plants with large broad leaves are cut off.11. What fact does the author learn from gardening?A. Life takes its course.B. Hard work benefits health.C. Time is short and precious.D. Gardening brings good harvest.DHumans are the only creature that gets around by standing up and putting one foot in front of the other. Our ability to walk upright has allowed humankind to travel great distances and survive changing climates, environments and landscapes.Countless scientific studies have found that walking is really good for us and this simple act can provide a number of healthimplications, which help people live longer. In fact, a walking routine, if done properly, might be the only exercise people need.How much walking should one aim for? You’ve likely heard we need 10,000 steps a day. That’s about 5 miles. But contrary to popular belief, this recommendation doesn’t come from science. Instead, itis from a 1960s advertising campaign to promote a pedometer (计步器) in Japan. Perhaps because it’s a round number and easyto remember, it stuck.Since the 1960s, researchers have studied the 10,000-steps-a-day standard and have turned up mixed results. Although 10,000 steps is certainly a healthy and worthwhile goal, it’s not fit for all.For instance, a recent Harvard University study involving more than 16,000 senior women found that those who got at least 4,400 steps a day greatly reduced their risk of dying early when compared with less active women. The study also noted that these benefits continued up to 7,500 steps. This 7,500 mark isn’t surprising: It’s similar to common public health recommendations, such as the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s recommendation of 150 minutes of moderate (适度的) physical activity a week for adults.12. What does the underlined word “implications” in Paragraph 2 refer to?A. BenefitsB. Problems.C. Habits.D. Manners.13. Where does the 10,000-steps-a-day standard come from?A. A Harvard University study.B. Science research on health.C. A pedometer advertisement.D. Public health recommendation.14. What can we know from the last paragraph?A. 7,500-steps-a-day standard is the best choice for all.B. More than 16,000 old people were involved in the study.C. Those who walk at least 4,400 steps a day won’t die early.D. 150-minute moderate exercise a week for adults is advised.15. What does the author mainly want to tell readers?A. The more you walk a day, the healthier you will be.B. We can benefit from continuous and proper walking.C. Walking upright helps humankind to explore the world.D. Advertisements can always tell us some scientific suggestions .第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
2019-2020学年上海徐汇教院附中高三英语二模试题及答案解析
2019-2020学年上海徐汇教院附中高三英语二模试题及答案解析第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项ATheatre reflects the values of the civilization out of which it grows. The following are the types of theatre performances an ancient Roman might have witnessed then.Fescennine VerseFescennine Verse was a pioneer of Roman comedy. Ironic and improvisational（即兴的）, it was used mainly at festivals or weddings, and as invective. With early native Italian funny dialogues in Latin verse, it was thought to have combined with a tradition of performances by masked dancers and musicians from Etruria.Fabula AtellanaFabula Atellana relied on common characters, masks, direct humor, and simple plots. They were performed by actors improvising. Fabula Atellana came from the Oscan city of Atella. There were 4 main types of characters: the braggart, the greedy blockhead, the clever hunchback and the stupid old man, like modern Punch and Judy shows.Fabula TogataNamed for the clothing symbolic of the Roman people Fabula Togata had various subtypes. One was the Fabula Tabernaria, named for the tavern（酒馆）where the comedy’s preferred characters, lowlifes, might be found. One describing more middle-class types, and continuing the Roman clothing theme, was the Fabula Trabeata.Fabula PraetextaFabula Praetexta is the name for Roman tragedies on Roman themes, Roman history or current politics. Fabula Praetexta was less popular than tragedies on Greek themes. During the Golden Age of drama in the Middle Republic, there were four great Roman writers of tragedy, Naevius, Ennius, Pacuvius, and Accius. Of their surviving tragedies, 90 titles remain.All the performances above began as a translation of Greek forms, even to the extent of their being performed in Greek costume.1.Where might an ancient Roman witness Fescennine Verse?A.At a party.B.At a funeral.C.At a wedding.D.At a concert.2.Which type of performance describes the middle-class life?A.Fabula Atellana.B.Fabula Tabernaria.C.Fabula Trabeata.D.Fabula Praetexta.3.What do the listed types of performances have in common?A.They copy Latin dramas.B.They take on Greek forms.C.They reflect Roman themes.D.They refer to Italian stories.BHowdo you turn “dumb” headphones into smart ones? Rutgers engineers have invented a cheap and easy way by transforming headphones into sensors that can be plugged into (插入) smartphones, identify their users monitor their heart rates and perform other services.Their invention, called HeadFi, is based on a small plug-in headphone adapter that turns a regular headphone into a sensing device (装置). Unlike smart headphones, regular headphones lack sensors. HeadFi would allow users to avoid having to buy a new pairof smart headphones with sensors to enjoy sensing features.“HeadFi could turn hundreds of millions of existing, regular headphones worldwide into intelligent ones with a simple upgrade (升级),” said Xiaoran Fan, a HeadFi primary inventor.A Rutgers-led paper on the invention, which results in "earable intelligence", will be formally published in October at MobiCom 2021, the top international conference on mobile computing and mobile and wireless networking. Headphones are among the most popular wearable devices worldwide and they continue to become; more intelligent as new functions appear, such as touch-based gesture control, the paper notes. Such functions usually rely on aiding sensors, such as accelerometers, gyroscopes and microphones that are availableon many smart headphones.HeadFi turns the two drivers already inside all headphones into a versatile (多功能的) sensor, and it works by connecting headphones to a pairing device, such as a smartphone. It doesn't require adding aiding sensors and avoids changes to headphone hardware or the need to customize headphones, both of which may increase their weight and size. By plugging into HeadFi, a converted headphone can perform sensing tasks and play music at the same time.The engineers conducted experiments with 53 volunteers using 54 pairs of headphones with prices ranging from $2. 99 to $15 ,000. HeadFi can achieve 97. 2 percent to 99. 5 percent accuracy on user identification, 96.8 percent to 99. 2 percent on heart rate monitoring and 97. 7 percent to 99. 3 percent on gesture recognition.4. What does Xiaoran Fan think of HeadFi?A. Secure to operate.B. Simple to use.C. Easy to substitute.D. Convenient to store.5. What can we know about HeadFi according to the text?A. It can't work with headphones alone.B. It actually functions as a versatile sensor.C. It makes headphones larger and heavier than usual.D. It doesn't work when headphones are playing music.6. The figures are listed in the last paragraph mainly to show_________.A. the various functions of HeadFiB. the wide popularity of headphonesC. the great complexity of headphonesD. the excellent performance of HeadFi7. What can be the best title for the text?A. How to Use Headphones AppropriatelyB. Headphones Can Be Upgraded InstantlyC. How to Make Regular Headphones IntelligentD. New Uses Have Been Found in HeadphonesCAs we all know, there are plenty of different parks to visit in theUK. All theme parks inBritainhave cafes, restaurants, picnic areas and gift shops, so you'll still have plenty to see and do when you and the kids have been on enough rides. There are usually smaller “funfair“ rides and games as well, so younger children won't get bored. Several theme parks also have other attractions next to them, e. g. water parks often open all year round, unlike the theme parks.Whenever you are inBritain, there's likely to be a theme park within one or two hours,drive, bus ride or train journey. Several theme parks even have accommodation(膳宿)so you can stay for a day or two if you want to make a trip into a short holiday.Prices forUKtheme parks vary considerably; some have an entrance price which allows you to go on all the rides, while in others you have to pay for every ride individually. It can also make a difference whether you go during peak time or not. For example, tickets always cost more during school holidays and weekends than they do during the weekdays.Theme parks always get very busy during the summer months, so if you don't like crowds ifs usually a good idea to go earlier or later in the year!If you're thinking of visiting aUKtheme park, it's worth having a look for special offers on tickets. Products such as chocolate bars and cereals sometimes have " buy one get one free" offers on theme park tickets, so keep a look out in shops and supermarkets.8. This passage mainly talks about all the following EXCEPT.______.A. things to doB. prices for theme parksC. rules to obeyD. special offers9. If you go to the theme park during the weekdays, you'll probably.______.A. have to spend moreB. save some moneyC. win a big prizeD. get something free10. According to the passage, what should you do if you are tired of crowds in the theme park?A. Avoid the busiest months.B. Go earlier or later in the daytime.C. Choose one with few visitors.D. Go there when no one is in it.11. The best title for the text would be ______.A. What to Do in the Theme ParkB. Theme Parks in theUKC. Visiting the Theme ParkD. Introduction to Famous Theme ParksDWhy isn’t science better? Look at career incentive(激励).There are oftensubstantial gaps between the idealized and actual versions of those people whose work involves providing a social good. Government officials are supposed to work for their constituents. Journalists are supposed to provide unbiased reporting and penetrating analysis. And scientists are supposed to relentlessly probe the fabric of reality with the most rigorous and skeptical of methods.All too often, however, what should be just isn’t so. In a number of scientific fields, published findings turn out not toreplicate(复制), or to have smaller effects than, what was initially claimed. Plenty of science does replicate — meaning the experiments turn out the same way when you repeat them -but the amount that doesn’t is too much for comfort.But there are also waysin which scientists increase their chances of getting it wrong. Running studies with small samples, mining data for correlations and forming hypotheses to fit an experiment’s results after the fact are just some of the ways to increase the number of false discoveries.It’s not like we don't know how to do better. Scientists who study scientific methods have known about feasible remedies for decades. Unfortunately, their advice often falls ondeaf ears.Why? Why aren't scientificmethods better than they are? In a word: incentives. But perhaps not in the way you think.In the 1970s, psychologists and economists began to point out the danger in relying on quantitative measures for social decision-making. For example, when public schools are evaluated by students’ performance on standardized tests, teachers respond by teaching “to the test”. In turn, the test serves largely as of how well the school can prepare students for the test.We can see this principle—often summarized as “when a measure becomes a target, it ceases to be a good measure”—playing out in the realm of research. Science is a competitive enterprise. There are far more credentialed (授以证书的) scholars and researchers than there are university professorships or comparably prestigious research positions. Once someone acquires a research position, there is additional competition for tenure grant funding, and support and placement for graduate students. Due to this competition for resources, scientists must be evaluated and compared. How do you tell if someone is a good scientist?An oft-used metric is the number of publications one has in peer-reviewed journals, as well as the status of those journals. Metrics like these make it straightforward to compare researchers whose work may otherwise be quite different. Unfortunately, this also makes these numbers susceptible to exploitation.If scientists are motivated to publish often and in high-impact journals, we might expect them to actively try to game the system. And certainly, some do—as seen in recent high-profile cases of scientific fraud(欺诈). If malicious fraud is the prime concern, then perhaps the solution is simply heightened alertness.However, most scientists are, I believe, genuinely interested in learning about the world, and honest. The problem with incentives is that they can shape cultural norms without any intention on the part of individuals.12. Which of the following is TRUE about the general trend in scientific field?A. Scientists are persistently devoted to exploration of reality.B. The research findings fail to achieve the expected effect.C. Hypotheses are modified to highlight the experiments' results.D. The amount of science that does replicate is comforting.13. What doesdeaf earsin the fourth paragraph probably refer to?A. The public.B. The incentive initiators.C. The peer researchers.D. The high-impact journal editors.14. Which of the following does the author probably agree with?A. Good scientists excel in seeking resources and securing research positions.B. Competition for resources inspires researchers to work in a more skeptical way.C. All the credentialed scholars and researchers will not take up university professorships.D. The number of publication reveals how scientists are bitterly exploited.15. According to the author, what might be a remedy for the fundamental problem in scientific research?A. High-impact journals are encouraged to reform the incentives for publication.B. The peer-review process is supposed to scale up inspection of scientific fraud.C. Researchers are motivated to get actively involved in gaming the current system.D. Career incentives for scientists are expected to consider their personal intention.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
徐汇区二模2019讲解
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old couple journey.
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• 代词的题目需要认真翻译，分析句子成分，并找出代词所指。
• 反身代词：
• Jenny designed the school decoration again __w_it_h_o_u_t_ __m__a_k_in_g__ a complaint.
either, neither, both, none, all
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• 62. More Chinese movie goers chose to buy tickets on the Internet. （改为反意疑问句）
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Welcome to my class
Alice 2019/5/24
Grammar and Vocabulary
徐汇区
27,29,52,53,56,62,66
Group discussion
• A( ) 27. Entering the two-storey building feels like walking into _______ European palace.
2019年上海徐汇区高三年级二模英语试卷
2019年上海徐汇区⾼三年级⼆模英语试卷2019学年第⼆学期徐汇区⾼三年级学科学习能⼒诊断卷英语学科（考试时间120分钟，满分150分）2019.4第⼀卷I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. In a post office. B. On a farm. C. At a clinic. D. At a restaurant.2. A. Thursday 9 am.—5 pm. B. Saturday 9 am.—5 pm.C. Sunday 10 am.—5 pm.D. Monday 10 am.— 6 pm.3. A. He needs to sleep for three or four hours. B. He wants to buy a set of coffee cups.C. He needs more coffee to stay awake.D. He has been wide awake for some time.4. A. In the office. B. In the suburb. C. In the city centre. D. In a flat.5. A. They are shopping. B. They are driving.C. They are walking.D. They are hunting.6. A. Go to the party. B. Go for a ride.C. Prepare for her interview.D. Change her clothes.7. A. She doesn’t have an email address. B. Her computer is infected with virus.C.She doesn’t know how to use a computer.D. She needs to check her email.8. A. The air pollution is caused by the development of industry.B. The city is poor because there isn't much industry.C. The woman doesn’t want to live in the city any more.D. There are no factories where the speakers live.9. A. Boring. B. Demanding. C. Challenging. D. Exhausting.10. A. She called the man but the line was busy. B. She didn't come back until midnight.C. She had been planning for the trip.D. She visited her friends all night.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11.A. He failed his diving test three times. B. He is uncertain about the coming test.C. He can’t remember the traffic rules.D. He broke the traffic rules during the day.12. A. Surprised. B. Disappointed. C. Confident. D. Upset.13. A. He broke a lot of traffic rules. B. He hadn’t practiced long enough.C. He drove the wrong way.D. Something unexpected happened.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. More than one million. B. More than two million.C. Less than one million.D. Half the population.15. A. They prefer to spend their holidays in Australia.B.Most of them do physical exercise regularly.C.Shopping is one of their favourite recreations.D.They stay at home watching TV most of the time.16. A. A typical Briton is most likely to get up late in the morning.B. The life of Britons hasn’t changed much over the past decades.C. Britons spend more money on their holidays compared to the past.D. British people are quite famous for their unique sense of humor.Section CDirections: In Section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Telephone InformationName: ____(17)____ English Language Center.Application deadlines: the end of ____(18)_____Tuition: ____(19)____ dollarsWays to apply: ①Mail back the application form②Fill out the application form ____(20)_____Complete the form. Write ONE WORD for each answer.Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.Taking take care of his dog during ____(21)____. What does the man ask the woman to do forhim?What does the dog like to do at 3:00 p.m.? He likes to watch ____(22)____ on Channel 4.Because otherwise he would ____(23)____.Why does the man ask the woman to scratchthe dog everyday?What is required durin g the dog’s nap time?Some _____(24)_____.Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.25. Some parents are just too protective. They want to protect their kids _____ every kind ofdanger, real or imagined.A. forB. atC. fromD. with26. A special scientist team has been formed to study the possible relationship between theunusual weather in Australia and _____ in Brazil and some other countries.A. the oneB. the onesC. thatD. those27. Over the past 30 years, the Internet has been developing so fast that the inventors ______ thatIPv4 address exhaustion would arrive so soon.A. could predictB. must have predictedC. ought to predictD. couldn’t have predicted28. —What do you think of the film we watched yesterday?—Terrible! I’ve never seen _______ one.A. the bestB. a worseC. a betterD. the worst29. The first civil service exam was held in 1995 and since then more and more people _____ for it, with applications reaching a peak over the last two years.A. had signed upB. have signed upC. signed upD. will sign up30. The tennis final between Li Na and Kim Clijsters which _____ live to the world once again sparked(点燃) the patriotic passion of Chinese sports lovers.A. was televisedB. televisedC. was televisingD. has televised31. What really worries us is _____ the explorers can accurately locate themselves with the old device in case of bad weather.A. thatB. whereC. whatD. whether32. A good volunteer should not only display his or her own good image but also see to it _____ the visitor gets the exact information he needs.A. thatB. whichC. howD. where33. Clever wit and humor will help your speech stand out in a good way and keep everyone______.A. entertainingB. entertainedC. to entertainD. being entertained34. ______ there has been evidence of bowling-like games in ancient Egypt, history clearly points out that bowling began in Germany during the dark ages.A. SinceB. UnlessC. UntilD. Though35. Parties ______ alcohol is served can go downhill quickly if drinking is basically the only thing to do at the party.A. whereB. whichC. whenD. as36. Experts have pointed out that it was the power failure ______ the Japanese tsunami(海啸) that led to the crisis at the Fukushima plant.A. followedB. which followC. followingD. to follow37. ______ the product or service does not live up to public expectation, the customer will be very dissatisfied and possibly ask for his or her money back.A. AlthoughB. UnlessC. IfD. Even if38. A US office worker has invented ______ will likely go down as the most useful workplace gadget(⼩玩意): a device that lets you know when your nearest WC is free.A. whatB. thatC. whichD. who39. He was, after all, the General Manager and did not appreciate being made _____ like an ignorant schoolboy.A. feelB. to feelC. feltD. feeling40. ______ you are talking about, gossiping in the office is a surefire way to end your work life.A. No matter what funny thingsB. No matter how funny thingsC. No matter what things funnyD. No matter how things funnySection BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Adult children are giving up the equivalent of a full-time working week each month – at an annual cost of almost ￡4,000 – to care for an elderly parent or parents, a report published today ___(41)___.The “Cost of a Parent ” study, from insurance and investment group Liverpool Victoria(LV), highlights the increasing problems faced by a "sandwich generation" caught between paying their own bills, meeting the costs of their parents' care and, in one of 20 cases, ___(42)___ financially to their over-18 children.Mike Rogers, group chief executive of LV, which surveyed 2,000 adults last month, said many adults were walking a “fine tightrope” between these three costs. "The care that elderly relatives receive from their families is ___(43)___, but there is clearly a growing concern that financial support for rising residential care costs may simply be ___(44)___," he said. Caught up in the recession （衰退）, almost half of those people with elderly parents said they felt less ___(45)___ able than they did a year ago to meet any care costs."The financial crisis only serves to highlight the difficulties older people, their families and caregivers are ___(46)___ facing when trying to pay for care," said Stephen Burke, chief executive of Counsel and Care. "The situation has been made worse by the ___(47)___ in the housing market, which has made it harder for older people to sell their houses to pay for their care costs."People with parents who need care do not just face financial ___(48)___, according to the LV report. Of those surveyed, 13% had put off career changes or sacrificed ___(49)___ at work, while the same proportion had put off moving house. A third of respondents (调查对象) had put their holiday plans on hold, while a further 13% had sacrificed financial support for their children.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B,C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.The responsibilities of job, home and family all too often transform the daily routine into a huge burden. Enjoying quality leisure time becomes ___(50)___.True leisure means engaging in a ___(51)___ and rewarding activity without being ___(52)___ by other aspects of your life. Sometimes, the ___(53)___ you experience during the week make you place great emphasis on weekends and other days off. You hope to relax, but the pressure is ___(54)___. You can't rest even when you have the time to do so. When time is limited, leisure activities are usually the first items to ___(55)___ from the daily schedule.If you routinely ___(56)___ your leisure time because you have "more important thingstodo," you may be underestimating how much time the things ___(57)___ take. Most people routinely shortchange themselves on the amount of time required to complete a given task. The problem is a ___(58)___ to evaluate performance honestly.___(59)___, simplifying your life will let you have more windows of opportunity to do stuff just for fun. Maybe you need to relearn to relax.Spare Time for Your ___(60)___: Devote one afternoon or evening per week ___(61)___ to doing something that you enjoy, listening to music, assembling a jigsaw puzzle. Do whatever you always wish to but never seem to find time for. And do it where there's nothing to remind you of other ___(62)___.Choose Low-Tech: The popular fascination with technological advances in all areas of life has diverted(偏离) attention fromthe simple pleasures of many ___(63)___ pastimes. People think they must have the best, most up-to-date equipment available to enjoy themselves. When keeping up with trends becomes the ___(64)___, the pure pleasure of leisure is lost.50.A. essential B. difficult C. noticeable D. incapable51.A. reluctant B. disgusting C. delicate D. pleasurable52.A. preoccupied B. ashamed C. cultivated D. oppressed53.A. favour B. risk C. thirst D. stress54.A. enormous B. reasonable C. ignorant D. adjusted55.A. destroy B. consider C. disappear D. recognize56.A. estimate B. abandon C. fulfill D. expand57.A. constantly B. initially C. actually D. equally58.A. variety B. delay C. record D. failure59.A. However B. Consequently C. Moreover D. Therefore60.A. Instincts B. Desires C. Images D. Tasks61.A. occasionally B. dramatically C. primarily D. entirely62.A. expectations B. obligations C. stimulations D. limitations63.A. individual B. uncommon C. traditional D. physical64.A. threat B. obstacle C. source D. focusSection BDirections: Read the following four passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)“Just relax,” I said, “and let the water support you!”Of course, such things are usually easier said than done.When I discovered that the university I work at has a swimming pool,I was quite pleased. Swimming is a great way to exercise. So I suggested toEllen that we should go for a dip. She declined. At first, I thought it wasbecause she thought it might be too cold to go swimming, but as thesummer heat rolled in, she continued to resist my offers.Eventually, I asked her what was stopping her, and was surprised to hear, “I can't swim!”Most Australians learn to swim fairly early on, with school programs teaching it. With the population of Australia mostly gathered around the edge of the continent, going to the beach and swimming in the sea are incredibly popular things to do, so someone who can’t swim is fairly uncommon.Ellen’s confession drove me to make a foolish offer — that I would teach her to swim.If I’d foreseen the problems that were to come, I would probably have never set foot in the pool.Once we got past the initial hurdle of the water being “too cold”, “too scary” and having “a funny smell”, I persuaded Ellen to put her arms around my neck, and try to let her legs float out behind her, while I gently pulled her along.That night, I tried to sleep w ithout moving my neck, as Ellen’s tight grasp had almost torn my head from my shoulders. Shepanicked after a small wave splashed some water up her nose, and nearly drowned the pair of us in the resulting waving of arms and legs.I think it was at that point I decided to buy her a large life ring, so that she could float along without holding me tight. And I hope, in that way, Ellen will be a little more confident in the water.65. Ellen refused to go swimming with her husband because ______.A. it was too cold at that timeB. there was no swimming pool aroundC. she couldn’t stand the summer heatD. she did not know how to swim66. Which of the following CANNOT be learned according to the passage?A. Swimming is a required course in many Australian schools.B. Most of the Australians learn to swim at a fairly early age.C. It is convenient for most Australians to go to the seaside.D. Swimming is the most popular activity among Australians.67. The underlined word “hurdle” in the passage probably means ________.A. frameB. excitementC. obstacleD. jump68. How did the author probably feel after teaching his wife to swim for the first time?A. Surprised and tired.B. Exhausted and regretful.C. Energetic and confident.D. Disappointed and angry.(B)The following articles are extracts from editorials.WORKING HOURSThe proc ess of “downsizing”─ in other words, reducing workforces ─ has continued persistently over the last ten years. One of the major effects of this process has been the increase in number of hours worked. Often employees have to take over the work previously done by now redundant（被解雇的）colleagues. Working days of twelve hours or more are not unusual. You have to ask yourselves whether this is an efficient way to run a company, and if it is worth the damage it causes to family life.TOWN CENTRES DIEArguably on e of America’s most destructive exports to the rest of the world has been the out-of-town shopping mall. Shopping centres, usually located on ring roads two or three kilometers from the centre of towns, have sprung up everywhere. As consumers have flocked to them, village shops have closed and town centres have become full of streets with boarded-upshop windows and “For Sale” signs.PROFESSIONALISM RULESThere are few sports where the amateur ideal survives and flourishes. Athletics is normally amateur but all the top athletes are, to all intent and purposes, professionals. Rugby Union(英式橄榄球联合会) has now officially gone professional and the Olympic Games, the supposed symbol of amateurism, has allowed professional sportsmen like tennis players to compete. Standards have certainly improved, but at what cost? Sport is now seen by many as an activity for a few highly skilled and well-paid individuals, rather than as a source of enjoyment for millions, whatever their ability.69. According to the passages, reducing workforces may result in ______.A. the enhancement of work efficiencyB. the increase of employees’ workloadC. better chances of promotionD. the cutdown of employees’ income70. According to the passages, the Olympic Games should ______.A. include more highly skilled and well-paid individualsB. choose rugby when considering the addition of new sportsC. aim at providing more enjoyment for ordinary peopleD. improve their standards of candidates at any cost71. What is in common among these three articles?A. They all quote exact figures to illustrate their points.B. Each of them expresses a strong opinion about a current issue.C. Each of them reflects a different voice about the same problem.D. They all offer constructive suggestions to the authority.(C)One often hears that children should arrive at school “ready to learn.” For most children, the acquisition of reading and math skills starts in the first grade. In states where kindergarten is compulsory, it begins even earlier.Many parents, teachers, and politicians maintain that preschool is the best way to prepare children to learn. There is no real consensus(⼀致), however, about how this preparation should be achieved.For some, early childhood education relates to the development of the whole child. They think that preschool should encourage exploration and discovery. Group activities teach positive social behaviors such as sharing, kindness, and patience. Time spent alone encourages independence. Learning letters and counting is important only for children who show an interest in them. Advocates（提倡者）of this approach stress that each child is unique and should learn at his or her own pace.Other people refer to research showing that children are ready to absorb basic academic concepts by age 3 or 4. They claim that early introduction to letters and numbers lays the foundation for later academic excellence. Since the 1980s, many people have stressed the value of preschool and point to the success of programs －such as Head Start －that target low-income children.Is there proof that an academic curriculum in preschool will lead to academic success? Studies have not been conclusive. In the short term, evidence suggests that middle-class childrenwho attend preschool are ahead of their peers in maths and language skills, as well as in social skills, when they enter school. However, the same studies show that the gap narrows considerably by the time children reach age 8.Children living in poverty are a different matter. Those enrolled in programs such as Head Start seem to do better than impoverished(穷困的) children who do not attend a preschool. For instance, youngsters in one group enrolled in the program, tracked until the age of 21, earned higher scores on intelligence tests, were more likely to graduate from high school, and demonstrated more interest in higher education.The idea of public preschool raises many issues. Providing Head Start for all children would be a financial burden on communities that already struggle to fund current school programs. Also, where would a sufficient number of teachers trainedin early childhood development be found?72. Advocates of the development of the whole child believe school readiness is _______.A.showing eagerness in exploration and discoveryB.learning basic skills, such as knowing letters and countingC.Showing great interest in basic academic conceptsD.demonstration of intellectual, social and emotional skills73. According to the passage, Head Start is most probably _________.A. a preschool program that supports disabled childrenB. a program that helps impoverished children attend a schoolC.an organization that aims to improve current school programsD. a program that helps design the academic curriculum in preschool74. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A.Preschool benefits middle-class children more than poor children.B.Most children start school with similar language and social skills.C.Providing Head Start for all children has encountered great difficulties.D.All children are ready to absorb basic academic concepts by age 3 or 4.75. Which of the following may best summarize the main idea of the passage?A.An academic curriculum in preschool will lead to academic success.B.Preshool is helpful, despite the disagreement about what it should offer.C.Children enrolled in preschool demonstrate more interest in learning.D.Preschool education shouldn’t be a financial burden on communities.Section CDirections: Read the following text and choose the most suitable heading from A-F for each paragraph. There is one extra heading which you do not need.76.If your work schedule sets your teeth to grinding, make a list of projects you need to get done and front-load it with tasks you can accomplish quickly. As you check off accomplishments, you’ll beginto feel in control,and yourstress will ease. Try scheduling daily chores so that you can attack the most difficult ones when your energy level is highest. And delegate the chores not just 77. A weekend at the beach can restore your equilibrium. Distract yourself with something you find soothing: Cook, knit, or break out the watercolors. And, if you can’t take off for the afternoon when you feel your stress rising at the office, just get out for a walk. Even a short stroll can make 78. networks than men do, and when they’re stressed, they turn to these networks for support. They’re more likely to seek out the company of other women and less likely to flee or to fight. A stress response mitigated by the support of friends might help explain why women live five years longer, on average, than men. So indulge in the pleasure of family and friends. Invite old pals to a women’s night out. Call your sister. It ma y help you live 79. your body’s supply of available energy in fending off an impending threat also tell your brain that you need to replenish that energy once it’s used up. The result: Your cortisol-crazed psyche sends you on the prowl for all-too-fattening pizza, potato chips, and ice cream in an effort to refuel quickly. If you’re going through a stressful period, fight the urge to snack endlessly. Preferably, eat small low-fat meals. And try to exercise regularly. The exercise doesn’t have to be strenuous. Walking releases endorphins that can soothe a jangled mind. 80. Physiologically, relaxation is the opposite of stres s. When you’re relaxed, your breathing and heart rate slow and your mind clears. Mindfulness is a way to achieve this level of relaxation using a variety of techniques, including yoga, meditation, and simple relaxation exercises. It trains you to use your breathing and an awareness of your body to focus on the here and now.Section DDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.In the wild, winter is a stressful season, and to escape the biting cold and shortage of food, many animals migrate. But there are some species that stay where they are, and these brave creatures do so by relying on various strategies, including adaptation through external change, such as growing thick coats, and adaptation through behavioral or physiological change, such as entering a state of hibernation (冬眠).Hibernation is a state of inactivity, in which an animal's heart rate, body temperature, andbreathing rate are decreased in order to conserve energy through the cold months of winter. A similar state, known as estivation, occurs in some animals during the hot and dry period in summer.When food is scarce, an animal may use up more energy maintaining its body temperature and in searching for food than it would receive from consuming the food. Hibernating animals use 70 to 100 times less energy than when active, allowing them to survive until food is once again plentiful.Many animals sleep more often when food is scarce, but only a few truly hibernate. Hibernation differs from sleep in that a hibernating animal shows a drastic reduction in metabolism(新陈代谢), and then awakes relatively slowly. By contrast, a sleeping animal decreases its metabolism only slightly, and can wake up almost instantly if disturbed.Bears, which many people think of as the classic hibernating animals, are actually just deep sleepers. They do not significantly lower their metabolism and body temperature. True hibernation occurs only in small mammals and a few birds. Some species of insects show periods of inactivity during which growth and development cease and metabolism is greatly reduced. This state is generally referred to as diapause(滞育), although when correlated with the winter months, it would also fit the definition of hibernation.（Note：Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN ELEVEN WORDS.）81. According to the first paragraph, animals rely on different ways to _______.82. What kind of inner changes do animals go through when they enter the state of hibernation?83. According to the passage, the word “estivation” probably refers to _______.84. Why aren’t bears considered true hibernators according to the passage?第⼆卷（45分）I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1. 他花光所有的积蓄买下了那套公寓。