格列佛游记英语专业开题报告
从功能对等理论比较《格列佛游记》的两个中译本的开题报告
从功能对等理论比较《格列佛游记》的两个中译本的开题报告《格列佛游记》是英国作家乔纳森·斯威夫特创作的讽刺小说，被誉为英国文学的经典之作。
《格列佛游记》的中译本有许多，其中两本比较知名的是吴改树的《格列佛游记》和林达钧的《格列佛游记》。
在本次开题报告中，我们将使用功能对等理论对这两个中译本进行比较。
功能对等理论是翻译研究中的一种思想体系，强调翻译应当在功能上与原文对等，而不是在形式上对等。
下面是对两个中译本的比较及分析。
一、标题翻译功能对等性比较标题翻译是一篇作品中最重要的翻译之一，它可以为读者提供阅读的导向性和基本的信息。
在这方面，《格列佛游记》两个中译本的翻译效果略有不同。
吴改树版本的《格列佛游记》翻译了原著的书名“Travels into Several Remote Nations of the World, in Four Parts. By Lemuel Gulliver, First a Surgeon, and then a Captain of Several Ships”为“格列佛游记”，不仅保留了原著作者的姓名，同时也准确地反映了原著的主题、结构和情节。
而林达钧版本的《格列佛游记》则翻译为“鲁道夫游记”，虽然也反映了故事的主人公，但却不够准确地展示了原著的主题和情节。
因此，在标题翻译方面，吴改树版本的《格列佛游记》比林达钧版本的《鲁道夫游记》表现更好，具有更高的功能对等性。
二、人名翻译功能对等性比较人名翻译在翻译中是一个重要的问题，因为每个名字都代表一个人物的身份和特点。
在《格列佛游记》中，两个版本对人名的翻译也相对比较准确。
吴改树版本的《格列佛游记》对主人公Gulliver的名字做了一些调整，将原著中的Lemuel翻译为格列佛，更能符合中文读者的语言习惯。
而林达钧版本的《格列佛游记》则直接将Gulliver翻译为鲁道夫，虽然和原著名字有些不同，但在基本准确地呈现了人物的性格特点。
英语专业毕业论文开题报告范例
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三、研究工作总体安排及具体进度
研究现状
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英语专业毕业论文开题报告英文版
英语专业毕业论文开题报告英文版20__xxxx39 xxx 一班ProposalTitle: A Study on C-E translation of Scenic Spots Introductions of Guangzhou from the Perspective of Eco-translatologyRationale and Significance of the Proposed Study Since the 21st century, along with economic globalization, transnational tourism also gets rapid development. China， as a big country with full tourist resource, with the successful hosting of the 20__ Guangzhou Asian Games, Guangzhou will usher in more and more foreign tourists. How to better convey the information in the travel material, how to best introduce Chinese culture to foreigners by Chinese tourism as more as possible, it is closely related to the translation quality of scenic spots introduction. Scenic spots introduction is an important way for the tourists to get tourist attractions information,proper scenic spot introduction can make the tourists to obtain the necessary background knowledge, deepen their understanding of the scenic spot culture connotation and good translation of scenic spots introduction. It can make foreign friends better understand Chinas culture, also good for the spread and communication of culture. To select the perspective of Eco-translatology, using the methods and principles of Eco-translatology to study the scenic spots introduction of Guangzhou, will have alot to the guiding role of the English translation for the scenic spots introduction of Guangzhou..Literature Review (Background)Current researches on tourism translation are more concentrated on analysis of the translation of right or wrong, such as spelling missing errors, grammar mistakes, misnomer, encumbrance, expression repeated language, cultural misunderstanding existing in the tourist translation. Theoretical research from the macro level is still in its infancy. The deficiency of theoretical discussion directly led to the weakness oftranslation practice and cultivation of translation talents. In the study of tourism translation, thereare more research on attractions name, signboard, scenic spots culture, scenic spots introduction and slogan and so on. Among them, for the study of scenic spots introduction, most domestic scholars study it from the perspective of the functional translation theory or skopos theory, but there are just a few people studying it from the perspective of Eco-translatology. According to Li Xiangwu, Chenping(20__), they take the translation of skopos theory as the guiding principle, then analyzed the scenic spots translation errors paradigm, aimed to improvethe quality of tourist attractions in Chinese-English translation. Analysis is comprehensive. And ZhaiXiaoYi, she explored translation of tourist attractions introduction text from the perspective of thefunctional theories. Through the analysis of the text content and rhetoric of travel sites attractions introduction, she was tried to explain the enlightenment of functional theories for Chinesetravel website text. The context was detailed, but overall, it still stays in text translation error analysis, and putting forward effective strategies. Eco-translatology is a new emerging interdisciplinary subject that makes the translatology mix with the ecology and mutual infiltration. Hou min (20__), under the guidance of Eco-translatology, through discussing problems in the translational eco-environment of tourism translation in Shanxi, put forward the subjects of translation of tourism culture translation environment and internal adaptation and multidimensional response strategy, etc. Analysis is very detailed, but example is insufficient. Guo Fen (20__), guided by the Eco-translatology, from the three-dimension transformation method of translation, the translator duty and afterwards punishing mechanism to explore the ecological translation theory guidance of translation of scenic spots introduction, it is very detailed, but not enough in-depth. In recent years, scholars studies in the tourism translation with the perspective of the ecological translationtheory have been gradually increased, but under the perspective of Eco-translatology, the scenic spots introduction translation studies is relatively less. Scenic spots introduction can reflect a regionshistory and culture, good translation of scenic spots introduction will be better carry forward the Chinese culture. It can let the foreign friends understand China better.Research QuestionsWhat are the characteristics of the scenic spots introduction in Guangzhou Existing problemsCan the Eco-translatology have the guidance effort for the scenic spots introduction in Guangzhou Methodology and Data CollectionMethodology: First, field investigation,collecting data, and then under the perspective of Eco-translatology, doing the contrast analysis of the scenic spots introduction in both Chinese and English version.Data collection：The data collected to support the thesis are mainly from field investigation. The datawill be chosen in the scenic spots introduction in Guangzhou. The data will be collected by photographs, some typical data will be picked out and classified and then illustrated from the perspective of Eco-translatology.Theoretical FrameworkEco-translatology: Professor Hu Gengshen argued and built a translation theory of adaptation and selection, the theory may be defined as a means of ecology of translation studies, think that the translation activities should through language,culture communication and three dimension transformation, its principle is multi-dimensional adaptation and adaptive selection, the besttranslation is integration to adapt to the selectivity of the highest translation.Outline/Organization of the Proposed Study1. Introduction1.1 Rationale and Significance1.2 Research Questions1.3 Research Methods1.4 Organization of the Dissertation2. Research Review2.1 Previous research on Tourism Translation2.2 Previous research on Chinese to English translation of scenic spots introduction.2.3 Previous research on Eco-translatology2.4 Achievements and deficiencies3. Theoretical Framework3.1 Eco-translatology3.1.1 An Overview of Eco-translatology3.1.2 Transaltion Principle and Method of Eco-translatology3.2 Applicability of Eco-translatology4. Case Analysis4.1 Analysis of the information with Eco-translatology in the process of Chinese to English translation of scenic spots introduction4.2 Take some examples to analyze the translation while applying the method of Eco-translatology4.3 Discussion5. ConclusionTentative Conclusion and Potential DifficultiesTentative Conclusion: The Eco-translatology has the guidance effort for the scenic spots introduction in Guangzhou.Potential Difficulties:1. Not familiar to the Eco-translatology2. Data collection will not be very easy and the example that can fit the theory will not be easy to find.ReferencesNelson, R.Winter,S.An evolutionary theory of economic change. Cambridge/London: Duck University Press,1982Newmark, P.. Approach to translation. Oxford: Pergamon, 1982郭芬(Guo, Fen).生态翻译学视角下景点介绍的英译. 文学语言学研究(2)，20__:48-49 .侯敏(Hou Min)，生态翻译学视角下山西旅游文化翻译透视与应对. 语文学刊外语教育教学(7), 20__: 33-35.胡庚申(Huo, Gengshen). 生态翻译学解读.中国翻译(6)，20__a.胡庚申 (Hu, Genshen). 从术语看译论翻译适应选择论概观. 上海翻译(2)，20__b.韩竹林(Han Zhulin)生态翻译学视角下的旅游宣传语翻译. 牡丹江师范学院学报 (4), 20__:102-104.李向武(Li ,Xiangwu)、陈平,Chen, Ping) 目的论视角下的汉英翻译失误研究以安康旅游景点介绍英译为例. 太原城市职业技术学院学报(10)，20__:192-194 .杨林(Yang, Lin)生态翻译学视角下景点简介汉英翻译研究.硕士论文.西安外国语大学，20__.翟晓艺(Zhai, Xiaoyi)，功能理论视角下中英旅游网站景点介绍的文本对比及翻译，语言研究.。
英文读书报告-格列佛游记
BOOK REPORT—— Gulliver's TravelsIn this short term, I have read Gulliver's Travel, which is written by Jonathan Swift—— a British writer. From the book, I really acquire a lot of knowledge which is unknown to me. For example, it makes me know more about British history in the seventeenth century and the eighteenth century. Before that I just know Britain becomes stronger and stronger at that time. It is Gullier's Travels that disclose the dark of the British society.About the author and the background of the bookThe book was published in 1726, was regarded as a children's literary works, but it is actually attacked the British social degradation and corruption of satirical writing. Because at that time, British society was rather dark.Jonathan Swift was a son of the English lawyer Jonathan Swift. He was born in Dublin, Ireland, on November 30, 1667. He grew up there under the care of his uncle. Then he attended Trinity College when he was fourteen. And he stayed there for seven years. He graduated from it in 1688. In that year, he became the secretary of Sir William Temple who was an English politician and member of the Whig party. In 1694, he took religious orders in the Church of Ireland and then spent a year as a country parson. He then spent further time in the service of Temple before returning to Ireland to become the chaplain of the earl of Berkeley. Meanwhile, he had begun to write satires on the political. He worked on A Tale of a Tub, which supports the position of the Anglican Church against its critics on the left and the right. And The Battle of the Books, which argues for the supremacy of the classics against modern thought and literature. He also wrote a number of political pamphlets in favor of the Whig party. In 1709 he went to London to campaign for the Irish church but was unsuccessful. After some conflicts with the Whig party, mostly because of Swift’s strong allegiance to the church. he became a member of the more conservative Tory party in 1710.Unfortunately for Swift, the Tory government fell out of power in 1714 and Swift, despite his fame for his writings, fell out of favor. Swift had been hoping to be assigned a position in the Church of England instead of returning to Dublin, where he became the dean of St. Patrick’s. During his brief time in England, Swift had become friends with writers such as Alexander Pope. The third voyage of Gulliver’s Travels is assembled from the work Swift did during this time. However, the final work was not completed until 1726, and the narrative of the third voyage was actually the last one completed. Gulliver’s Travels was a controversial work when it was first published in 1726. Ever since, editors have excised many of the passages, particularly the more caustic ones dealing with bodily functions. Even without those passages, however, Gulliver’s Travels serves as a biting satire, and Swift ensures that it is both humorous and critical, constantly attacking British and European society through its descriptions of imaginary countries.Late in life, Swift seemed to become even more caustic and bitter. Three years before his death, he was unable to care for himself, and guardians were appointed. Based on these facts, some people have concluded that he became insane. However, the truth seems to be that Swift was suddenly incapacitated by a stroke late in life, and that prior to this incident his mental capacities were unimpaired. Gulliver’s Travels is about a specific set of political conflicts, but if it were nothing more than that it would long ago have been forgotten. The staying power of the work comes from its depiction of the human condition and its often despairing, but occasionally hopeful, sketch of the possibilities for humanity to rein in its baser instincts.The main content of the bookPart 1: A Voyage to Lilliput and Blefuscu4 May 1699 — 13 April 1702The author gives some account of himself and family. This part tells us his first travel. He is shipwrecked, and swims for his life. Finally he got the shore in the country of Lillivput. Gulliver is made a prisoner, and carried up the country. The book begins with a very short preamble in which Lemuel Gulliver, in the style of books of the time, gives a brief outline of his life and history prior to his voyages. He enjoys travelling, although it is that love of travel that is his downfall.During his first voyage, Gulliver is washed ashore after a shipwreck and finds himself caught by a race of people, less than 6 inches high. They are inhabitants of the neighbouring and rival countries of Lilliput. After giving assurances of his good behaviors, he is given a residence in Lilliput and becomes a favorite of the court. From there, the content follows Gulliver's observations on the Court of Lilliput. He is also given the permission to roam around the city on a condition he not harm their subjects. Gulliver helps the Lilliputians to subdue their neighbours the Blefuscudians by stealing their warships. However, he refuses to make the country become a province of Lilliput. But it displeases the King and the court. Gulliver is charged with treason and sentenced to be blinded. With the help of a kind friend, Gulliver flees to Blefuscu, where he finds an abandoned boat. He asks for the king of Blefuscudians to restore the abandoned boat. At first, the king refuses to do it. But a few days later, the king promises to restore the boat. With the help of the king, Gulliver restores the boat successfully and sails out. On the way, he meet with a strong storm. Fortunately, he is rescued by a passing ship. Then the captain of the boat sent him back to Britain.Part 2: A Voyage to Brobdingnag20 June 1702 — 3 June 1706When the sailing ship is steered off course by storms and have to go in to land for searching for fresh water, Gulliver is abandoned by his companions and found by a farmer who is 72 feet tall. He brings Gulliver to home and ask his daughter cares for Gulliver. The farmer treats him as a curiosity and exhibits him for money. The word gets out and the Queen of Brobdingnag wants to see the show. She loves Gulliver and he is then bought by her and kept as a favorite at court.Since Gulliver is too small to use their huge chairs, beds, knives and forks, thequeen asks the craftsman to build a small house for Gulliver so that he can be carried around in it. This is referred to as his "travelling box." In between small adventures such as fighting giant wasps and being carried to the roof by a monkey, he discusses the state of Europe with the King. The King is not interested with Gulliver's accounts of Europe, especially upon learning of the usage of guns and cannons. On a trip to the seaside, his travelling box is taken by a giant eagle which drops Gulliver and his box right into the sea. Then he stays in the box for some days until he was found by some sailors. At first, he thinks that he still in Brobdingnag. But he is wrong when he get out of the box. He is glad to see these people who are as big as him. Then he returns Britain again.Part 3: A Voyage to Laputa, Balnibarbi, Luggnagg, Glubbdubdrib, and Japan5 August 1706 — 16 April 1710After Gulliver's ship is attacked by pirates, he is marooned close to a rocky island, which near India. Fortunately he is rescued by the flying island of Laputa, a kingdom devoted to the arts of music and mathematics but unable to use them for practical ends.Laputa's method of throwing rocks at rebellious surface cities also seems the first time that aerial bombardment was conceived as a method of warfare. While there, he tours the country as the guest of a low-ranking courtier and sees the ruin brought about by blind pursuit of science without practical results, in a satire on bureaucracy and the Royal Society and its experiments. At The Grand Academy of Lagado great resources and manpower are employed on researching completely preposterous and unnecessary schemes such as extracting sunbeams from cucumbers, softening marble for use in pillows, learning how to mix paint by smell, and uncovering political conspiracies by examining the excrement of suspicious persons (see muckraking).Gulliver is then taken to Balnibarbi to await a trader who can take him on to Japan. While waiting for passage, Gulliver takes a short side-trip to the island of Glubbdubdrib, where he visits a magician's dwelling and discusses history with the ghosts of historical figures, the most obvious restatement of the "ancients versus moderns" theme in the book. In Luggnagg he encounters the struldbrugs, unfortunates who are immortal, but not forever young, but rather forever old, complete with the infirmities of old age and considered legally dead at the age of eighty. After reaching Japan, Gulliver asks the Emperor "to excuse my performing the ceremony imposed upon my countrymen of trampling upon the crucifix", which the Emperor grants. Gulliver returns home, determined to stay there for the rest of his days.Part 4: A Voyage to the Country of the Houyhnhnms10 September 1710 – 2 July 1715Despite his earlier intention of remaining at home, Gulliver returns to the sea as the captain of a merchantman. But he is bored with his employment as a surgeon. On this voyage he is forced to find new crews to his crew who he believes to have turned the rest of the crew against him. His crew then mutiny, and after keeping him contained for some time resolve to leave him on the first piece of land they comeacross and continue as pirates. He is abandoned in a landing boat and comes first upon a race of terrible deformed and savage humanoid creatures. And they make him disgust. Then he meets a horse and comes to understand that they call themselves Houyhnhms (which in their language means "the perfection of nature"), and that they are the rulers, while the deformed creatures called Yahoos are human beings in their base form.Gulliver becomes a member of the horse's household, and comes to both admire and emulate the Houyhnhnms and their lifestyle, rejecting his fellow humans as merely Yahoos endowed with some semblance of reason which they only use to exacerbate and add to the vices Nature gave them. However, an Assembly of the Houyhnhnms rules that Gulliver, a Yahoo with some semblance of reason, is a danger to their civilization. As a result, Gulliver is expelled. He leaves the land by boat. And then rescued by a Portuguese ship, Gulliver is surprised to see that Captain Pedro Mendez, a Yahoo, is a wise, courteous and generous person. He returns to his home in England, but he has difficulty adjusting himself to live among Yahoos. Even he is disgust about his wife and children. Some days later, he buys two little horse and regard them as his best friends.My review of Gulliver's TravelsAfter reading Gulliver's Travels, I really benefit much from it. The stories in the Gulliver's Travels are ironic, humorous, exaggerated and fantastic. The hero of the travels～Gulliver traveled around the world 4 times and suffered numerous adventures, which were dangerous but interesting.In Gulliver's Travels, the voyage to the Lilliput and Brobdingnag really attracts me. Lilliput is a country of small people who are less than 6 inches high. It is certain that Gulliver is a giant to them. When Gulliver stayed in Lilliput, he helped the small people a lot. In the contrast, Brobdingnag is a country of giant. Gulliver was a small people to them. He was appreciated by the queen of the Brobdingnag. So he could live in the palace for a long time. It is unbelievable that there are so small and giant people in the world. But the travel that impresses me most is the voyage to the country of the Houyhnhnms. The hero was abandoned by his crews in an island. And he found that it was an island ruled by horses. Horse was the master of this country. These horses were called Houyhnhnms.The horses on the island were kind, friendly and honest. There were no words such as “cheat” or “lie” in their language. As a result, they also did not understand these meaning. They did not know what was “suspicion” and what was “distrust”. In their country, everything was authentic and transparent.Gulliver had a good time in that horses’ country. He blended in the society entirely so that he was quite digest about contact with Yahoos. Because Yahoos always distrust and cheat others like the human. From that, the author may wanted to tell us the human’s society’s gloom.I quite admire Gulliver’s adventure in Houyhnhnms. The Houhnhnms is the ideal country that many people pursue, just like Plato’s utopia. In that country, we do notneed to consider other’s words are true or false. But it is re ally unpractical to the real world we live. In our real world, the events we aren’t willing to see often happen: someone cheat others for money, even someone abandon their parents for fame. So it is no wonder that our teacher and parents always remind us of not being cheated by others when go out alone. And it can not fit with the morality of morality of loving others and helping each other. I often hesitant when I have the notion of giving help to someone who is in trouble. I often dare not to receive the help from strangers when they are willing to help me. It really a torment to me and also to somebody who want to help others. Not only losing the opportunity of helping others, but also missing the helps from others’, isn’t it a sorriness?The author of the book~Jonathan Swift also made a crack at the tireless struggles of the Whig Party and Tory Party. I have learned that period of history from the high school history textbook. These two parties fighted with each other for its own profits. Maybe it was t he origin of the society’s gloom in Britain.The impression that Swift give to me is that he is a very righteous person. The Gulliver’s Travels can reflect the author’s aversion to the society. He pointed out the features of the Britain at that time ironically: greed, hypocrisy, faithlessness, atrocity, rage, blackness and careerism. He described the strange phenomenon that the creatures take the place of humans. Horse becomes the carrier of the logos. And human becomes a dirty and rapacious inferior animals~Yahoos. He talked about human’s nature which were willing to be subjected to money, extravagant and insatiable.When we learn something from this book, we have to look ourselves again. Is there any bad root in our mind? It is inconceivable that a book for children takes on such a serious issues. Though our society are not as descended like the Britain at that time. There are still numerous negative factors in our community. As the members of it, we should take some actions. Although our strength is very tiny, we can just do the things which we are competent to. I hope our country will like the Houyhnhnms someday. There are no doubts in children's eyes and no distrust in communications. All of us could do something to make society more flourishing.。
英语论文格列佛游记
Title: People Analysisand Irony of Gulliver's Travels Abstract:Many of the critics who have critiqued Jonathan Swift's Gulliver's Travels have used the word extraneous more than once. Swift was viewed as an insane person who was a failure in life. But this is far from the truth. Swift wrote Gulliver's travels, a book that has been assigned to students for years, and it is written from experience. Swift's experience with the Tories and their conflicts with the Whigs caused him to write books that mock religious beliefs, government, or people with views differing from his own. In one of these books, Gulliver's Travels, Swift criticizes the corruption of the English government, society, science, religion, and man in general.Gulliver's Travels isone of Jonathan Swift’s outstanding novels of travel body. The author had used plenty of Irony technique andIrony technique to build bizarre plots. Although its irony is to the court and politicians, but it has been beyond the limitation of its time. The author built a magical world through the fairy tale of fantasy, and becauseof the accurate, exquisite,fitting description, people can hardly feel it’s fictional.Key Words: Irony Gulliver characterChapter 1: IntroductionThe Author gives some account of himself and family and his first inducements to Travel---He is shipwrecked, and swims for his life.At last he gets safe on shore in the country of Lilliput and is made a prisoner, and carried up the country.When he travels again, he is also unlucky that the storm attacked him again. He was brought to a strange land. There, people are very taller like a tower but he is small like mouse. They use him make money and consider him as a toy. The author, by a lucky accident, finds means to leave, and after some difficulties, he returned safe to his native country. In the next few years, Gulliver went through a few times of risks, but also, in the end he comes back to his native country.Chapter 2: People AnalysisGulliver is like travelers, they are tired of along and bored travel. He has a good memory and is good at study and survey. He has a special thinking.Friendly and kind is his nature. For the friend he can pay the live. He is cleaver, brave. Greek rationalism was emphasized. The joy of people comes from the operation of reason use, because the reason is the unique human glory and power. In the classical rationalism which appears reason distinguishes man from other creatures. The human pursuit of rational life ofthe highest level he deals with is smooth and reasonable.The emperor of Lilliput, attended by several of the nobility, comes to see the author in his confinement. Learned men are appointed to teach the author their language. He gains favor by his mild disposition. His pockets are searched, and his sword and pistols was taken from him. The author divertsthe emperor, and his nobility of both sexes, in a very uncommon manner. The author has his liberty granted him upon certain conditions. T alking cleverdecisive act, to play it by ear, to seize every opportunity to seek freedom, there is a strong self-confidence believing that he can succeed. He was honest, patriotic, very spared his pride, for he is full of hostility to hatred, disgust and contempt, but respects a noble man, knowledgeable scholar. He is a general query spirit, love of truth, a courageous endurance. He traveled among the increasing insight into th e social’s reality of corruption,come to the conclusions of British society is not civilized. Gulliver's image is the embodiment of thought. The author gives him all the virtues described by the characters, Gulliver does not care about personal gains and losses, but caring for others. Gulliver is a positive good character. He was always frank account of their own weaknesses and mistakes, but the advantage is no mention of their own. His humble,studious, made him no hard to meet new realitieswith a new vision. He never gives up himself, even regarded as a plaything for people to watch over, he still poised to maintain his dignity, to equal the country's king of attitude and adult conversation. Courage to help his country against foreign invasion villain, but categorically refused to villain policy of aggression and expansion in the King's service.FolinNaiPu--Lilliput Kingdom Chancellor of the Exchequer—is a suspicious, sinister and vicious man. The relevant circumstances: Gulliver is generous and trapping, but do not come fleet for war by the ancient king appreciated, FolinNaiPuwas very angry, and suspected that Gulliver and his wife of adultery. Let other ministers seek framed, much vilified, and finally he was forced to flee not to Ancient Graves.Sri Lanka, Lilliput Kingdom Admiral,is a jealousy, sinister and cunning people. The relevant circumstances: the king of Lilliput is an ambitious man, he do not come with the neighboring countries of ancient war with Groves. Gulliver cannot wade through the Straits to most ancient fleet captured over Hargreaves, from Gulliver by Lilliputian King reuse, Sri Lankaopened to much dissatisfaction with the Chancellor of the Exchequer Gulliver murder conspiracy.Grid is a learned, sensible, kind, open-minded and strong rule of the monarch. The relevant circumstances: grid King is knowledgeable and good temperament, he used reason, justice, kindness to govern the country, and hates the despicable clauses said politicians and the bloodshed of war. In the first, the treatment of some of the Gulliver mean the feeling of life, but with the second part, this feeling will disappear.The King of Houyhnhnmsis wise, hardworking, brave, kind and friendly, with integrity of the idealof humanity. In "Gulliver's Travels", Gulliver in the perspective of the protagonist describes the adventures of the four country adventure: Lilliput, Brobdingnag, flying island, and HouyhnhnmsStates. Gulliver's shipwreck made him came to Lilliput. Residents here only six inches tall, monarch greed war rolling country. The author holds a condescendingpoint of view, looking down with a giant vision of human absurdity small. Gulliver's curiosity leads him to the strayed Brobdingnag. The residents here are no lower than spire.From their points of view, Gulliver is a small dwarf, looking vulgar and heartless man. After Gulliver was pirated, he visited the flying islands. This dependency was shrouded control, urban and rural desolation. Gulliver was mutiny, Houyhnhnmstraverse the country. The ruler is highly rational, humanoid animal. "Gulliver’s Travels" deeply ironic corruption of current affairs, to bizarre and even disgusting plot, silly satire pedantic, and reflect on different aspects of human nature. Whether the adventure story is a fantasy fiction, or a travelogue, a political commentator, or an allegorical literature, it is worth reading the classic view.Chapter 3:Irony inGulliver's TravelsOne of the most interesting questions about “Gulliver’s Travels” is whether the Houyhnhnms represent an ideal of rationality or whether on the other hand they are the butt of Swift's satire. In other words, in Book IV, is Swift poking fun at the talking horses or does he intend for us to take them seriously as the proper way to act? If we look closely at the way that the Houyhnhnms act, we can see that in fact Swift does not take them seriously: he uses them to show the dangers of pride.First we have to see that Swift does not even take Gulliver seriously. For instance, his name sounds much like gullible, which suggests that he will believe anything. Also, when he first sees the Yahoos and they throw excrement on him, he responds by doing the same in return until they run away. He says, "I must discover some more rational being," even though as a human he is already the most rational being there is. This is why Swift refers to Erasmus Darwin’s discovery of the origin of the species and the voyage of the Beagleto show how Gulliver knows that people are at the top of the food chain. But if Gulliver is satirized, so are the Houyhnhnms, whose voices sound like the call of castrati. They walk on two legs instead of four, and seem to be much like people. As Gulliver says, "It was with the utmost astonishment that I witnessed these creatures playing the flute and dancing a Vienna waltz. They seemed like the greatest humans ever seen in court, even more cleverness than the Lord Edmund Burke". As this quote demonstrates, Gulliver is terribly impressed, but his admiration for the Houyhnhnms is short-lived because they are so prideful. For instance, the leader of the Houyhnhnms claims that he has read all the works of Charles Dickens, and that he can singlehandedly recite the names of all the Kings and Queens of England up to George II. Swift subtlyshow that this Houyhnhnms pride is misplaced when, in the middle of the intellectual competition, he forgets the name of Queen Elizabeth’s husband. Swift’s satire of the Houyhnhnms comes out in other ways as well. One of the most memorable scenes is when the dapple grey mare attempts to woo the horse that Gulliver has brought with him to the island. First she acts flirtatiously, parading around the bewildered horse. But when this does not have the desired effect, she gets another idea: "As I watched in amazement from myperch in the top of a tree, the sorrel nag dashed off and returned with a yahoo on her back which was yet more monstrous than Mr. Pope being fitted by a clothier. She dropped this creature before my nag as if offering up a sacrifice. My horse sniffed the creature and turned away." It might seem that we should take this scene seriously as a failed attempt at courtship, and that consequently we should see the grey mare as an unrequited lover. But it makes more sense if we see that Swift is being satiric here: it is the female Houyhnhnm who makes the move, which would not have happened in eighteenth-century England. The Houyhnhm is being prideful, and it is that pride that makes him unable to impress Gulliver’s horse. Gulliver imagines the horse saying, the notion of creating the bare backed beast with an animal who had held Mr. Pope on her back makes people crazy.A final indication that the Houyhnmns are not meant to be taken seriously occurs when the leader of the Houynhms visits Lilliput, where he visits the French Royal Society. He goes into a room in which a scientist is trying to turn wine into water. The scientist has been working hard at the experiment for many years without success, when the Houyhnmn arrives and immediately knows what to do: "The creature no sooner stepped through the doorway than he struck upon a plan. Slurping up all the wine in sight, he quickly made water in a bucket that sat near the door".He has accomplished the scientist’s goal, but the scientist is not happy, for his livelihood has now been destroyed. Swifts clear implication is that even though the Houyhnhmns are smart, they do not know how to use that knowledge for the benefit of society.Throughout Gulliver’s Travels, the Houyhnhms are shown to be an ideal gone wrong. Though their intent might have been good, they don't know how to do what they want to do because they are filled with pride. They mislead Gulliver and they even mislead themselves. The satire on them is particularly well explained by the new born Houyhnhm who, having just been born, exclaims, "With this sort of entrance, what must I expect from the rest of my life!".Chapter 4: ConclusionFantasy plots combining the authenticity and reality, but also to add fiction unique artistic charm. Although the author is a fictional show's magical world of fairy tale, but it is based on the real life of British society. Because of the precise, delicate, aptly described, people feel it is a fictional illusion, it seems that all the facts are the truth. He once declared: "I would prefer the simplicity of narrative writing out the extraordinary fact that, as I wrote this book primarily reports to you, not for your amusement ". Despite the Lilliput, Brobdingnag, the country Houyhnhms, different scenarios, the hero of the situation is not the same, but the layout of the whole novel, the style consistent, Gulliver’s each travel has been detailed account of the causes and effects, complex plot according to numerous time and space in the order described simple and vivid writing, strong narrative, which for hundreds of years, "Gulliver's Travels” in theEuropean tastes, including women and children. Not only attacked the social status of the novel, still deeper level, the direct irony of human nature itself. In the fourth volume, the on the "money" that part of discussion is the case. Gulliver came to no money, no military policeHouyhnhms countries, the owner explained to his horse, said: "We get a wild monkey that whether it be with or save, money is better, not fill time, because their nature is so, not extravagance is insatiable. The rich enjoy the labor of the poor, the poor and the rich in the number ratio is a thousand to one. Therefore, the majority of our people were forced off a miserable life ". Author notes that capitalist society between people purely financial relationships. And thus thereexists a question of human nature.Reference:1.Jonathan Swift.2004.Gulliver’s Travels.Beijing: Aviation industry press.2. Abrams, M.H. A Glossary of Literary Terms.20043．张朝霞，格列佛游记导读，中华书局，20024.张润，史立英，理性的反思与批判——评斯威夫特《格列佛游记》，时代文学，20095．张国清，一个普通但很真实的人物--格列佛，沧州师范，20036．伍厚恺，简论讽喻体小说《格列佛游记》机器文学驻地，19997．王伶伶，《格列佛游记》中人物的异化，湖南师范大学，2007。
On the Character of Gatsby in The Great Gatsby【开题报告】
毕业论文开题报告英语On the Character of Gatsby in The Great Gatsby一、选题的背景和意义Francis Scott Key Fitzgerald (September 24, 1896 –December 21, 1940) was an American author of novels and short stories, whose works are the paradigm writings of the Jazz Age. He is widely regarded by many as one of the greatest American writers of the 20th century. The Great Gatsby is a masterpiece of Fitzgerald’s works. First published on April 10, 1925, it is set on Long Island's North Shore and in New York City during the summer of 1922. The novel takes place following the World War I. After its republishing in 1945 and 1953, it quickly found a wide readership and is today widely regarded as a paragon of the Great American Novel, and a literary classic.In The Great Gatsby Fitzgerald presents a very different view of Gatsby. Gatsby is a young, mysterious millionaire later revealed to be a bootlegger, with shady business connections and an obsessive love for Daisy Fay Buchanan, whom he had met when he was a young officer in World War I. After the war, Gatsby came east and bought his mansion near Daisy and Tom, where he hosts parties hoping she will visit, and then Gatsby and Daisy begin a love affair. As for Gatsby, Daisy is representing as a goal he wants to achieve; therefore, he has a dream to live up. However, the dream is not real and contributes to Gatsby’s death.Therefore, a lot of scholars have made deep study on this novel. Firstly, some people are talking about Gatsby and his dream. Cui Shu-chen’s Character and Symbols in The Great Gatsby (1995) it is suggested that Jay Gatsby is the most striking figure in the novel, who is in pursuit of an elusive dream which even though sometimes is within his grasp, continues somehow to evade him.With great magnitude of his glittering illusion and the single mindedness, Gatsby tries to make it a reality and he sacrifices his life on the altar of his dream, unaware that it is composed of the ephemeral stuff of the past. What’s more, Huang Chunying, the author of The Pursuit and Loss of American Dream (2004), points out that Gatsby is not only a concrete manifestation of conflict between fantasy and reality in real life, but also theembodiment of American romantic hero. Yang Weilue observes the various styles of Fitzgerald’s works; incl uding one of great masterpiece,Causes of Gatsby‘s Tragedy (1995). He points out that one part of Gatsby’s “ideal” or his first “dream” is to get rich, Gatsby thinks money can buy love and happiness, so it seems to him that this dream is quite reasonable. But he never realizes this is a “common dream”, it originated from the “gold rush” in American history.Secondly,other scholars pay attention to Gatsby’s attitude towards life to understand his characters.Yao Wenjun, the author of Gatsby and Franklin‘s Spirit on the Origin of the Hero of The Great Gatsby (2002), said that Gatsby did have an energetic “schedule” in his childhood,he was dreaming to better himself all the time in order that he can get rich someday. Gatsby also has a wonderful “general resolves”, which set strict demands on himself. In his conclusion, those points are origin form Franklin‘s spirit.He also points out that Gatsby’s greatest strength is a “platonic conception of himself” which gives him the hope that he can roll back time and he never yields up his hope.Thirdly,A few hold that Gatsby’s attitude toward his father and friends can reflect his personalities. Man Wenjing’s Gatsby’s Dream (2008) points out that Gatsby must feel lonely. Gatsby is not take care of his father, and even forget his father at all, in other words, Gatsby only pays all his attention to his own dream. Though his guests come to his party and always have fun to the midnight, they seldom make communication with Gatsby, and therefore, Gatsby has no friend indeed. When he died, no one mention the Gatsby any more.Scholars pay a lot of attention on the relationship between Gatsby and his dream in order to reflect his personalities. His dream is really an important part of his life; however, some other parts such as the relationship between Gatsby and Nick also can display Gatsby’s personalities to the readers. As for Gatsby, Nick is his best friend. Therefore, the author will focus on the friendship between Gatsby and Nick to analyze the personalities of Gatsby.二、研究目标与主要内容The purpose of this research is to analyze Gatsby’s personality. In the meanwhile, the finding of the research will show Gatsby’s role in Jazz Age. In order to analyze Gatsby’s personalities, the author focuses on two aspects, such as the cause and the exhibition ofGatsby’s personalities.Therefore, readers can easily realize Gatsby’s characteristics and avoid making mistakes like Gatsby.1.Introduction2.The Cause of Gatsby’s Changeable Personality2.1 Social Influence on Gatsby2.1.1The Influence of American Dream2.1.2 The Influence of Money’s Worship2.2 The F ailure of Gatsby’s Love Story2.2.1 The Material Gap Between Gatsby and Daisy2.2.2 The Spiritual Gap Between Gatsby and Daisy3. The Exhibition of Gatsby’s Personality3.1 The Objective of Gatsby’s Environment3.1.1 The Decoration of Gatsby’s Home3.1.2 The Reflection of Gatsby’s Guests3.2 Gatsby’s Behavior3.2.1 Gatsby’s Behavior to Daisy3.2.2 Gatsby’s Behavior to Tom3.2.3 Gatsby’s Behavior to Nick4. Conclusion三、拟采取的研究方法、研究手段及技术路线、实验方案等In this paper, the author makes specific research on Gatsby’s life experience, the background of the novel, the comments and critics of the novel. The author reads the novel several times, and then looks over numer ous references to understand and analyze Gatsby’s personalities. The paper includes four parts, the first one gives us an introduction of Gatsby and his dream. Then in the second part, the author will show The cause of Gatsby’s Changeable Personality through two aspects. Part Three is the exhibition of Gatsby’s personality: such as his environment and his behavior. Conclusions are drawn in the last part.四、中外文参考文献目录[1] Cui, Shuzhen. Character and Symbols in The Great Gatsby [J]. Journal of Xinyang Teacher College (Philosophy & Social Science), Jan.1995.[2] F. S. Fitzgerald. The Great Gatsby[M]. New York, Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1925.[3] Richard Chase. The American Novel and Its Tradition [M]. London: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1957.[4] Huang, Chunying. The Pursuit and Loss of American Dream [J]. Journal of Yulin Teacher College (Philosophy & Social Science), Vol.25, No.1, 2004.[5] Harold Bloom. The American Dream [M]. InfoBase publishing, New York, 2009[6] Li, Jun.Gatsby is Really Great [J].1998.[7] Lin, Yingying.Disillusionment of American dream in The Great Gatsby [J]. School of Foreign Languages, Fujian Normal University, 2000.[8] Man, Wenjing. Gatsby’s Dream [J].Read and Write Periodical, Jan 2008.[9] Shi, Xiuhua. The Great Gatsby ——Modern Mythology of the American Dream [A]. Journal of Shandong University (Philosophy & Social Science), 2001.[10] Sandra Kochan. The Great Gatsby and the American Dream [M]. London: The Macmillan Press LTD, 1982.[11] Yang, Weilue.Causes of G atsby‘s Tragedy[J]. Journal of Guangxi University (Philosophy & Social Science), 1995.[12] Yao, Wenjun.Gatsby and Franklin‘s Spirit on the Origin of the Hero of The Great Gatsby [J]. Journal of Qiqihar University (Philosophy & Social Science), 2002.[13] 刘峰.了不起的盖兹比[M ].紫禁城出版社，2009.[14] 常耀信. 美国文学简史[M ]. 南开大学出版社, 1996.[15]吴建国. 菲茨杰拉德研究[M ]. 上海外语研究出版社, 2002.[16] 邵锦娣,白劲鹏,文学导论[M] . 上海外语教育出版社,2002.五、研究的整体方案与工作进度安排六、研究的预期目标及主要特点及创新点In this paper, the author analyzes the Gatsby’s personalities to assist readers to understand Gatsb y’s role in Jazz Age, which is very important in both history and literature. Form the paper, the readers not only know the reasons of his tragedy, but also find out why those tragedies must been broken out. Through Gatsby, people can get lots of information about America and Americans in that time, and enjoy the Fitzgerald’s work.。
《格列佛游记》的陌生化技巧的开题报告
《格列佛游记》的陌生化技巧的开题报告
《格列佛游记》是爱尔兰作家乔纳森·斯威夫特于1726年所写的一
部著名的反乌托邦小说。
其中一项极为重要的技巧就是陌生化（estrangement），即通过对既定文化视角的挑战和扭曲，用一种新的，摆脱惯常思维模式的方式重新审视和解释事物。
本文将探讨斯威夫特在《格列佛游记》中使用的几种主要的陌生化
技巧。
首先，斯威夫特通过将格列佛的身份彻底剥离，使他变成一个迥然
不同的文化背景中的人，进而改变了读者的视角，将读者从自以为是的
中心条件中提取出来，使其用更客观、更中立的眼光看待事物。
例如，
格列佛对萝卜王国的狂热崇拜和对饥荒地区的无情剥削，以及与小人国
的敌对关系，使读者对本来被视作合理的行为和价值观进行了重新评估。
其次，斯威夫特使用了大量的超自然元素，如巨型人形生物、马背
自治国、漂流岛屿等等，用来把现实和虚构混合在一起，从而使读者对
所谓的“真实”和“虚幻”进行反思。
例如，布林巴伦的人牧马、亚玛
加特大血盆岛的吃人族群等等，将陌生化技巧发挥到了极致，引导读者
的思维进入一个全新的、非传统的感知模式。
最后，斯威夫特通过插入一些普及科学和逻辑学概念，从而让读者
更好地理解格列佛游记的主题和陌生化技巧。
例如，他使用了拉泊里埃
尔蒂部落的二元论和人类建构世界的理论，来说明文化差异和文化碰撞
等问题。
总之，斯威夫特通过巧妙运用各种陌生化技巧，使得读者得以冷静
地思考所看到的事物，从而重新审视日常生活和文化历史，发现其潜在
的缺陷和需要改进之处。
英文读书报告-格列佛游记
英文读书报告-格列佛游记BOOK REPORT—— Gulliver's TravelsIn this short term, I have read Gulliver's Travel, which is written by Jonathan Swift—— a British writer. From the book, I really acquire a lot of knowledge which is unknown to me. For example, it makes me know more about British history in the seventeenth century and the eighteenth century. Before that I just know Britain becomes stronger and stronger at that time. It is Gullier's Travels that disclose the dark of the British society.About the author and the background of the bookThe book was published in 1726, was regarded as a children's literary works, but it is actually attacked the British social degradation and corruption of satirical writing. Because at that time, British society was rather dark.Jonathan Swift was a son of the English lawyer Jonathan Swift. He was born in Dublin, Ireland, on November 30, 1667. He grew up there under the care of his uncle. Then he attended Trinity College when he was fourteen. And he stayed there for seven years. He graduated from it in 1688. In that year, he became the secretary of Sir William Temple who was an English politician and member of the Whig party. In 1694, he took religious orders in the Church of Ireland and then spent a year as a country parson. He then spent further time in the service of Temple before returning to Ireland to become the chaplain of the earl of Berkeley. Meanwhile, he had begun to write satires on the political. He worked on A Tale of a Tub, which supports the position of the Anglican Church against its critics on the left and the right. And The Battle of the Books, which argues for thesupremacy of the classics against modern thought and literature. He also wrote a number of political pamphlets in favor of the Whig party. In 1709 he went to London to campaign for the Irish church but was unsuccessful. After some conflicts with the Whig party, mostly because of Swift’s strong allegiance to the church. he became a member of the more conservative Tory party in 1710.Unfortunately for Swift, the Tory government fell out of power in 1714 and Swift, despite his fame for his writings, fell out of favor. Swift had been hoping to be assigned a position in the Church of England instead of returning to Dublin, where he became the dean of St. Patrick’s. During his brief time in England, Swift had become friends with writers such as Alexander Pope. The third voyage of Gulliver’s Travels is assembled from the work Swift did during this time. However, the final work was not completed until 1726, and the narrative of the third voyage was actually the last one completed. Gulliver’s Travels was a controversial work when it was first published in 1726. Ever since, editors have excised many of the passages, particularly the more caustic ones dealing with bodily functions. Even without those passages, however, Gulliver’s Travels serves as a biting satire, and Swift ensures that it is both humorous and critical, constantly attacking British and European society through its descriptions of imaginary countries.Late in life, Swift seemed to become even more caustic and bitter. Three years before his death, he was unable to care for himself, and guardians were appointed. Based on these facts, some people have concluded that he became insane. However, the truth seems to be that Swift was suddenly incapacitated by a stroke late in life, and that prior to this incident his mental capacities were unimpaired. Gulliver’s Travels is about a specificset of political conflicts, but if it were nothing more than that it would long ago have been forgotten. The staying power of the work comes from its depiction of the human condition and its often despairing, but occasionally hopeful, sketch of the possibilities for humanity to rein in its baser instincts.The main content of the bookPart 1: A Voyage to Lilliput and Blefuscu4 May 1699 — 13 April 1702The author gives some account of himself and family. This part tells us his first travel. He is shipwrecked, and swims for his life. Finally he got the shore in the country of Lillivput. Gulliver is made a prisoner, and carried up the country. The book begins with a very short preamble in which Lemuel Gulliver, in the style of books of the time, gives a brief outline of his life and history prior to his voyages. He enjoys travelling, although it is that love of travel that is his downfall.During his first voyage, Gulliver is washed ashore after a shipwreck and finds himself caught by a race of people, less than 6 inches high. They are inhabitants of the neighbouring and rival countries of Lilliput. After giving assurances of his good behaviors, he is given a residence in Lilliput and becomes a favorite of the court. From there, the content follows Gulliver's observations on the Court of Lilliput. He is also given the permission to roam around the city on a condition he not harm their subjects. Gulliver helps the Lilliputians to subdue their neighbours the Blefuscudians by stealing their warships. However, he refuses to make the country become a province of Lilliput. But it displeases the King and the court. Gulliver is charged with treason and sentenced to be blinded. With the help of a kind friend, Gulliver flees to Blefuscu, where he finds anabandoned boat. He asks for the king of Blefuscudians to restore the abandoned boat. At first, the king refuses to do it. But a few days later, the king promises to restore the boat. With the help of the king, Gulliver restores the boat successfully and sails out. On the way, he meet with a strong storm. Fortunately, he is rescued by a passing ship. Then the captain of the boat sent him back to Britain.Part 2: A Voyage to Brobdingnag20 June 1702 — 3 June 1706When the sailing ship is steered off course by storms and have to go in to land for searching for fresh water, Gulliver is abandoned by his companions and found by a farmer who is 72 feet tall. He brings Gulliver to home and ask his daughter cares for Gulliver. The farmer treats him as a curiosity and exhibits him for money. The word gets out and the Queen of Brobdingnag wants to see the show. She loves Gulliver and he is then bought by her and kept as a favorite at court.Since Gulliver is too small to use their huge chairs, beds, knives and forks, thequeen asks the craftsman to build a small house for Gulliver so that he can be carried around in it. This is referred to as his "travelling box." In between small adventures such as fighting giant wasps and being carried to the roof by a monkey, he discusses the state of Europe with the King. The King is not interested with Gulliver's accounts of Europe, especially upon learning of the usage of guns and cannons. On a trip to the seaside, his travelling box is taken by a giant eagle which drops Gulliver and his box right into the sea. Then he stays in the box for some days until he was found by some sailors. At first, he thinks that he still in Brobdingnag. But he is wrong when he getout of the box. He is glad to see these people who are as big as him. Then he returns Britain again.Part 3: A Voyage to Laputa, Balnibarbi, Luggnagg, Glubbdubdrib, and Japan5 August 1706 — 16 April 1710After Gulliver's ship is attacked by pirates, he is marooned close to a rocky island, which near India. Fortunately he is rescued by the flying island of Laputa, a kingdom devoted to the arts of music and mathematics but unable to use them for practical ends.Laputa's method of throwing rocks at rebellious surface cities also seems the first time that aerial bombardment was conceived as a method of warfare. While there, he tours the country as the guest of a low-ranking courtier and sees the ruin brought about by blind pursuit of science without practical results, in a satire on bureaucracy and the Royal Society and its experiments. At The Grand Academy of Lagado great resources and manpower are employed on researching completely preposterous and unnecessary schemes such as extracting sunbeams from cucumbers, softening marble for use in pillows, learning how to mix paint by smell, and uncovering political conspiracies by examining the excrement of suspicious persons (see muckraking).Gulliver is then taken to Balnibarbi to await a trader who can take him on to Japan. While waiting for passage, Gulliver takes a short side-trip to the island of Glubbdubdrib, where he visits a magician's dwelling and discusses history with the ghosts of historical figures, the most obvious restatement of the "ancients versus moderns" theme in the book. In Luggnagg he encounters the struldbrugs, unfortunates who are immortal, but not forever young, but rather forever old, complete with the infirmities of oldage and considered legally dead at the age of eighty. After reaching Japan, Gulliver asks the Emperor "to excuse my performing the ceremony imposed upon my countrymen of trampling upon the crucifix", which the Emperor grants. Gulliver returns home, determined to stay there for the rest of his days.Part 4: A Voyage to the Country of the Houyhnhnms10 September 1710 – 2 July 1715Despite his earlier intention of remaining at home, Gulliver returns to the sea as the captain of a merchantman. But he is bored with his employment as a surgeon. On this voyage he is forced to find new crews to his crew who he believes to have turned the rest of the crew against him. His crew then mutiny, and after keeping him contained for some time resolve to leave him on the first piece of land they comeacross and continue as pirates. He is abandoned in a landing boat and comes first upon a race of terrible deformed and savage humanoid creatures. And they make him disgust. Then he meets a horse and comes to understand that they call themselves Houyhnhms (which in their language means "the perfection of nature"), and that they are the rulers, while the deformed creatures called Yahoos are human beings in their base form.Gulliver becomes a member of the horse's household, and comes to both admire and emulate the Houyhnhnms and their lifestyle, rejecting his fellow humans as merely Yahoos endowed with some semblance of reason which they only use to exacerbate and add to the vices Nature gave them. However, an Assembly of the Houyhnhnms rules that Gulliver, a Yahoo with some semblance of reason, is a danger to their civilization. As a result, Gulliver is expelled. He leaves the land by boat. And then rescued by a Portuguese ship, Gulliver is surprised to see thatCaptain Pedro Mendez, a Yahoo, is a wise, courteous and generous person. He returns to his home in England, but he has difficulty adjusting himself to live among Yahoos. Even he is disgust about his wife and children. Some days later, he buys two little horse and regard them as his best friends.My review of Gulliver's TravelsAfter reading Gulliver's Travels, I really benefit much from it. The stories in the Gulliver's Travels are ironic, humorous, exaggerated and fantastic. The hero of the travels～Gulliver traveled around the world 4 times and suffered numerous adventures, which were dangerous but interesting.In Gulliver's Travels, the voyage to the Lilliput and Brobdingnag really attracts me. Lilliput is a country of small people who are less than 6 inches high. It is certain that Gulliver is a giant to them. When Gulliver stayed in Lilliput, he helped the small people a lot. In the contrast, Brobdingnag is a country of giant. Gulliver was a small people to them. He was appreciated by the queen of the Brobdingnag. So he could live in the palace for a long time. It is unbelievable that there are so small and giant people in the world. But the travel that impresses me most is the voyage to the country of the Houyhnhnms. The hero was abandoned by his crews in an island. And he found that it was an island ruled by horses. Horse was the master of this country. These horses were called Houyhnhnms.The horses on the island were kind, friendly and honest. There were no words such as “cheat” or “lie” in their language. As a result, they also did not understand these meaning. They did not know what was “suspicion” and what was “distrust”. In their country, everything was authentic and transparent.Gulliver h ad a good time in that horses’ country. He blended in the society entirely so that he was quite digest about contact with Yahoos. Because Yahoos always distrust and cheat others like the human. From that, the author may wanted to tell us the human’s society’s gloom.I quite admire Gulliver’s adventure in Houyhnhnms. The Houhnhnms is the ideal country that many people pursue, just like Plato’s utopia. In that country, we do notneed to consider other’s words are true or false. But it is re ally unpractical to the real world we live. In our real world, the events we aren’t willing to see often happen: someone cheat others for money, even someone abandon their parents for fame. So it is no wonder that our teacher and parents always remind us of not being cheated by others when go out alone. And it can not fit with the morality of morality of loving others and helping each other. I often hesitant when I have the notion of giving help to someone who is in trouble. I often dare not to receive the help from strangers when they are willing to help me. It really a torment to me and also to somebody who want to help others. Not only losing the opportunity of helping others, but also missing the helps from others’, isn’t it a sorriness?The author of the book~Jonathan Swift also made a crack at the tireless struggles of the Whig Party and Tory Party. I have learned that period of history from the high school history textbook. These two parties fighted with each other for its own profits. Maybe it was t he origin of the so ciety’s gloom in Britain.The impression that Swift give to me is that he is a very righteous person. The Gulliver’s Travels can reflect the author’s aversion to the society. He pointed out the features of the Britain at that time ironically: greed, hypocrisy, faithlessness,atrocity, rage, blackness and careerism. He described the strange phenomenon that the creatures take the place of humans. Horse becomes the carrier of the logos. And human becomes a dirty and rapacious inferior animals~Yahoos. He talked about human’s nature which were willing to be subjected to money, extravagant and insatiable.When we learn something from this book, we have to look ourselves again. Is there any bad root in our mind? It is inconceivable that a book for children takes on such a serious issues. Though our society are not as descended like the Britain at that time. There are still numerous negative factors in our community. As the members of it, we should take some actions. Although our strength is very tiny, we can just do the things which we are competent to. I hope our country will like the Houyhnhnms someday. There are no doubts in children's eyes and no distrust in communications. All of us could do something to make society more flourishing.。
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杭州电子科技大学信息工程学院毕业设计（论文）开题报告题目从制度视角解析《格列佛游记》中的社会观系外国语专业英语姓名葛蓓蕾班级09093713 学号09937304 指导教师杨习超一、综述本课题国内外研究动态，说明选题的依据和意义：乔纳森·斯威夫特（Jonathan Swift，1667-1745）是英国18世纪杰出的政治家和讽刺小说家。
大批评家威尔逊把斯威夫特称为六位最伟大的英国作家之一，排名仅在莎士比亚和弥尔顿之后。
他的著名著作《格列佛游记》以其高超的思想与艺术成就而成为世界讽刺文学的典范。
它完成于1726年，《格列佛游记》的构思源于与朋友的一次聚会，斯威夫特谈到当时的政界种种贪婪无耻的行径时激动万分嬉笑怒骂间，信笔开始了第一卷的创作，成熟后经无数次的修改终于1726年匿名发表，并立刻在英国社会引起了很大的争议。
斯威夫特以幽默丰富了作品的道德内涵，以讽刺揭露荒诞，并通过人物性格和叙述框架使人难以置信的事件成为事实。
它不是一本单纯的少儿读物，而是饱寓讽刺和批判的文学杰作。
英国著名作家乔治·奥威尔一生中读了至少６次。
他说：“如果要我开一份书目，列出哪怕其他书都被毁坏时也要保留的六本书，我一定会把《格列佛游记》列入其中”。
斯威夫特的《格列佛游记》自问世以来，因以独特方式针砭时政，体现时代精神和大众需求而在文坛史上经久不衰，国外学者对它的研究也由来已久。
Howard Erskine-Hill[1]认为在《格列佛游记》的第三部分的结尾处，格列佛确认了自己的正式宗教信仰，并以其作为根据品评自己和他人。
他认为作者笔下的格列佛不是一个世俗的人，而是一个地位卑微，做事又欠缺考虑的基督徒。
无独有偶，Michael McKean [2]在《〈格列佛游记〉的美德和真理》中认为斯威夫特作为虔诚的基督教徒，在小说中却没有提及“原罪说”，那是因为宗教观念已彻底地渗透进他的社会观中。
通过分析《格列佛游记》中主人公遇到的种种事迹，不难看出作者的宗教观念。
两个人的观点不约而同地表明《格列佛游记》中的确存在基督教的因素。
通过对小说内容的细致分析，解读斯威夫特对宗教的深层理解。
在中国，《格列佛游记》的研究成果也是不容小觑的。
伍厚恺[3]通过对小说中所运用的反语、夸张、对比、象征等艺术手段的解读，深层次的挖掘出作者想向世人展现当时英国资本主义社会的政治、经济、军事、法律、外交、科学文化等方面种种腐败和丑恶。
与此同时，丁世忠[4]在论《格列佛游记》的怪诞美学风格中认为《格列佛游记》中夸张变形的人物、离奇怪诞的事件以及降格或贬低的描写，表现出怪诞的美学风格。
这种降格和贬低化把一切正常的生活秩序和事物的功能都加以颠倒, 读者从中可以看到当时英国社会的腐败、官场争斗的荒唐以及人性的丑陋, 从而埋藏旧的生活, 追求美好的事物。
此外，曹波[5]认为国内外论者多半忽略了《格列佛游记》中主要人物的经济意识和异化过程。
他对格列佛的自我和异化进行了基于文本的阐释, 尤其对他政治意识的崛起和狂欢化叙事进行了细致的分析, 指出格列佛经历了从经济人到政治人的异化过程。
孙绍先[6]在《论格列佛游记的科学主题》中比较了启蒙思想家对科学的态度与启蒙文学作品所反映的科学形象的差异, 指出了《格列佛游记》的科学讽刺与法国启蒙文学对科学批判的相似。
而李洪斌[7]通过对《格列佛游记》中大人国和慧骃国两种教育模式下的道德教育的分析，解读出作者斯威夫特对人类道德教育的某种忧虑和怀疑。
综合上述国内外的研究，主要可以概括为以下几点：（1）通过分析《格列佛游记》的内容，解剖作者的宗教思想及作者对宗教的理解；（2）以精湛的讽刺手法对英国18世纪现实生活的讽刺与批判；（3）通过对小说中的人物、内容的分析，研究《格列佛游记》的怪诞美学风格；（4）对小说主角格列佛的异化特征进行分析；（5）通过比较分析斯威夫特在小说中所描写的科学与道德教育。
笔者通过对国内外学者的研究动态的整理，发现近年来学者对《格列佛游记》的研究，或从作品的讽刺手法、人物刻画、意向方面进行，或揭示其象征意义、科学主题、怪诞风格。
《格列佛游记》与大多数的游记小说一样，情节设计也主要是依赖主人公的旅游和冒险故事[8] ，通过作品来反映当时的社会，通过对主人公的事迹描写来传达自己的观点，所以笔者希望通过读懂《格列佛游记》这部小说来读懂作者。
因此，本文结合当时时代特点，并且在前人乌托邦思想的基础上进行取舍和发展，将小说的故事情节层层展开，从制度的视角深层次的解析《格列佛游记》中的社会观。
二、研究的基本内容，拟解决的主要问题：本文的基本内容包括两个方面：（一）分析《格列佛游记》的写作背景与小说的内在联系，浅谈什么时候制度；（二）分别从政治制度、法律制度、人性社会三方面来解析小说所展现的社会观。
拟解决的问题是通过作者在描述格列佛在小人国、大人国、飞岛、慧骃国游历时，所遭遇到的一系列匪夷所思的事情，从制度的视角呈现作者在《格列佛游记》中的社会观。
三、研究步骤、方法及措施：本文作者将首先收集18世纪前期英国的社会背景资料和国内外对于《格列佛游记》的研究资料，对其整理和分类，列出其中一些具有代表性的研究。
然后搜集制度理论对当今社会的意义与影响，再仔细研读和分析小说内容，从政治、法律、人性三方面来解析这部小说。
四、大致框架：1.引言1.1历史背景1.2文献综述2. 政治制度—荒谬的存在2.1荒诞的爵位之争2.2可笑的党派之分2.3 腐败体系的根源3. 法律制度—资产者手中的利剑和盾牌3.1神圣般的残缺条文3.2警示下的残酷刑罚3.3现政权的保护伞4. 教育制度—复杂的个性训练过程4.1学校教育模式4.2家庭教育模式4.3英国绅士教育的矛盾5. 总结五、研究工作进度：序号时间内容1 2012年11月中旬初步确定选题，撰写开题报告2 2012年12月中、下旬开题报告答辩，确定最终选题3 2013年3月20日前上交文献综述中期检查，上交第一稿，导师评阅初4 2013年4月20日前稿，提出5 2013年5月20日前上交第二稿，教师评阅并写出修改意见交答辩最终稿5份、过程材料1份，导6 2013年5月30日前师写出评语及建议成绩。
7 2013年6月1日—6月14论文答辩日六、主要参考文献：[1] HOWARD ERSKINE-HILL. Jonathon Swift: Gulliver’s Travels [M]. London:Cambridge University Press, 1993: 87.[2] MICHAEL MCKEAN. Virtue and Truth in Gulliver’s Travels [M]. New York: W. W.Norton & Company, Inc., 2002: 331.[3] 伍厚恺. 简论讽喻体小说《格列佛游记》及其文学地位[J]. 四川大学学报, 1999(5):9-11.[4] 丁世忠. 论《格列佛游记》的怪诞美学风格[J]. 南昌大学学报, 2008(1): 118-121.[5] 曹波. 格列佛的异化：从经济人到政治人[J]. 外语教学, 2008(5): 78-85.[6] 孙绍先. 论《格列佛游记》的科学主题[J]. 外国文学研究, 2002(4): 99-102.[7] 李洪斌. 论《格列佛游记》的道德教育内涵[J]. 齐齐哈尔大学学报, 2011(6):102-104.[8] 刘戈. 笛福和斯威夫特的野蛮人[J]. 外国文学评论, 2007(3): 120-127.七、开题报告英文版A View of Gulliver’s Travels’ Society Embodied in System Perspectives I. Literature ReviewJonathan Swift is an outstanding politician and satirical writer in Britain in the 18th century. Wilson who is a great critic thinks that Swift is known as one of the six greatest British writers, which is only after Shakespeare and Milton. With its outstanding thought and artistic value, Swift’s Gulliver’s Travels is praised as the model for world satirical literature. Gulliver’s Travels was finished in 1726. The conception of the book came from a party with his friends. Swift started the first volume when he talked excitedly about the greed and shame that existed the politics. And the book finally published anonymously after amending so manytimes. At that time, it created a storm of controversy immediately. Swift enriches the moral connotation of the work with his humor, and also exposes the absurd with satire. He makes the incredible events be the truths through character and narrative framework. Gulliver’s Travels is not only a simple puffin book, but the literary masterpiece with full of satire and criticism. The famous British writer George Orwell has read the book au lease six times in his life. He said,” If I am asked to list six books which should be kept even if other books are destroyed, Gulliver’s Travels would d efinitely be included.”Since it was published, the status of Swift’s Gulliver’s travels had not been changed in the literary history because it commented on current affairs in a unique way, which reflected spirit of the time and the needs of masses. And the foreign scholars have researched it for a long time.Howard Erskine • Hill [1] thinks Gulliver confirms the official religion at the end of the third part of Gulliver’s travels and judges others and himself according to his religion. He thinks that Gulliver is not a secular person, but a humble Christian who lacks of consideration. Similarly, Michael McKean [2] thinks that Swift does not mention the “original sin” in the novel as a devout Christian in Virtue and Truth in Gulliver’s Travels, because the religious ideas have been thoroughly infiltrated his social views.It is not difficult to know the author’s religious ideas by analyzing all the deeds of Gulliver. The two persons’ views all show that Gulliver’s travels does exist the Christian element. They interpret Swift’s deep understanding of the religion through a detailed analysis of the novel content.In China, the research of Gulliver’s travels should not be underestimated. Through analysing the artistic technique including Irony, exaggeration, contrast and symbol used in the novel, Wu Houkai [3]deeply exposes the variety of corruption and ugly of the British capitalist society’s political, economic, military, legal, diplomatic, scientific and cultural, which Swift wants to show to the world. At the same time, Ding Shizhong thinks that exaggerated characters, unusual events and derogatory descriptions contribute to the uncanny aesthetic style in Gulliver’s travels in Uncanny Aesthetic Style in Gulliver’s Travels. The derogatory descriptions reverse all the normal order of life and the things functions. The readers can see the British corrupt society, bureaucratic battle absurd and the ugliness of human nature from Gulliver’s Travels, which makes them bury the old life and pursuit the good things. Besides, CaoBo[5] thinks that most scholars at home and abroad ignore the hero’s alienation and economic consciousness inGulliver’s Travels. He presents a text-based analysis of Gulliver’s self and alienation, and especially a unique interpretation o f the rise of his political consciousness and his carnivalized narrative. It argues that Gulliver is alienated from an economic being into a political one. After making a comparison of the great Enlightenment thinkers’ positive attitudes towards science and what Swift described in his literary works, Zhang Shaoxian [6] points out that the ironic tone on science in Gul liver’s Travels is similar to that of criticism on science in the French Enlightenment literature in The Theme of Science in Gulliver’s Travels. Li Hongbin [7] thinks that Swift has his certain worry and doubts in human moral education through analyzing the two specific moral education modes in Lilliput and Houyhnhnm.Based on the domestic and foreign research, it can be summarized as follows: (1) the author’s religious thoughts and his understanding of religion are analyzed through the analysis of Gulliver’s Travels. (2) British real life in eighteen century is criticized by exquisite of Gulliver’s Travels. (3) Gulliver’s alienation is analyzed in detail. (4) The science and the moral education in Gulliver’s Travels are analyzed by comparison.I discover that in recent years most scholars study Gulliver’s Travels on analyzing the satire of the works, characterization, intention or revealing its symbolic significance, scientific themes and uncanny style. But the ideal concept in Gulliver’s Travels mentions rarely. Like most travel novels, the plots of Gulliver’s Travels also mainly depend on the character’s travel and adventure stories [8]. And Gulliver’s Travels also reflects the social by the works. The author wants to convey his ideas through the hero’s deeds. So I hope that I can read Swift by reading Gulliver’s Travels. Therefore, based on the choice and development to utopian thought, this thesis will unfold the plots of the novel and analyze deeply Swift’s social ideal with combing with the characteristics of that era.II. Statement of the ProblemsThe main contents of this thesis fall into two parts: (1) Analyze the internal connection of Gulliver’s Travels’ writing background and the novel. And talk about the meaning of the System; (2) Analyze the social outlook in this book from political system, legal system and human society. The problem that this thesis needs solve is to show the social outlook in Gulliver’s Travels from the system perspective through a series of stories which happen in Gulliver.III. MethodologyThe author of this thesis will firstly sort out and classify the collected material about the social background of English in early 18th century and research data at home and abroad for Gulliver’s Travels and list some typical researches among them. Then collect meaning and implications of the theory of system. And then study and analyze the novel carefully from the political, legal and human nature.IV. Tentative Outline1.Introduction1.1Historical background1.2Literature Review2.Political system—the ridiculous show2.1The absurdity of the title battle2.2The joke of the Party branch2.3The Principal Source of Corruption3.legal system—the bourgeois’ sword and shield3.1The hallowed incomplete provisions3.2The brutal criminal law with warning3.3Protection Umbrella of the Present Regimecational Institution--- the Process of Complicated Personnel Training4.1Schooling Model4.2Home-educational Pattern4.3The Contradiction of British Gentlemen Education5.ConclusionReferences[1] HOWARD ERSKINE-HILL. Jonathon Swift: Gulliver’s Travels [M]. London:Cambridge University Press, 1993: 87.[2] MICHAEL MCKEAN. Virtue and Truth in Gulliver’s Travels [M]. New York: W. W.Norton & Company, Inc., 2002: 331.[3] 伍厚恺. 简论讽喻体小说《格列佛游记》及其文学地位[J]. 四川大学学报, 1999(5):9-11.[4] 丁世忠. 论《格列佛游记》的怪诞美学风格[J]. 南昌大学学报, 2008(1): 118-121.[5] 曹波. 格列佛的异化：从经济人到政治人[J]. 外语教学, 2008(5): 78-85.[6] 孙绍先. 论《格列佛游记》的科学主题[J]. 外国文学研究, 2002(4): 99-102.[7] 李洪斌. 论《格列佛游记》的道德教育内涵[J]. 齐齐哈尔大学学报, 2011(6):102-104.[8] 刘戈. 笛福和斯威夫特的野蛮人[J]. 外国文学评论, 2007(3): 120-127.八、指导教师审核意见：指导教师签字：年月日九、系（教研室）评议意见：系（教研室）主任签字：年月日十、开题小组评审意见：开题小组负责人签字：年月日十一、学院领导审核意见：1．通过；2．完善后通过；３．未通过学院领导签字：年月日。