外研版高中英语必修三Module5Grammar
(二)关系词 1.关系代词的用法.
(1)that和which的用法。 ①that既可指人又可指物，which指物；它们在从句中作 主语、宾语或表语，which和that在从句中作宾语时可省略。
*Please find a room which/that is big enough for all of us to live in. 请找一间足够住下我们所有人的房间。（此处先行词 是a room，引导词which/that在从句中作主语，不能省略） *This is the house (which/that) we bought last month. 这是我 们上个月买的那幢房子。（此处先行词是the house，引导词 which/that在从句中作宾语，可以省略）
*He is the man (whom) I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个男人。
(3)whose既可指人又可指物，在从句中修饰名词作定语， 相当于所修饰成分的前置所有格。它可转化为 “the+名词+ of which /whom” 和 “of which /whom +the +名词” 的形式。
4. Ancient China was a place _w__h_er_e_ states were often at war with each other. ( 地点状语) 5. But it was also a time _w_h_e_n_ there were many great philosophers. ( 时间状语 )
*Please pass me the book whose cover is green. ＝Please pass me the book of which the cover is green. 请递给我那本绿色封面的书。
2.关系副词的用法。 (1)when 指时间，在从句中作时间状语。它的先行词通常有 time, day, morning, night, week, year 等。
f. 句子中出现过which或who之类的词，为了避免重复， 要用that。
*Which of the books that had pictures was worth reading? 哪本有图画的书值得读呢？ (2)who和whom的用法。 who和whom指人，who在从句中可作主语和宾语，whom在从 句中作宾语。
*Women who drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than those who don’t. 每天喝两杯以上咖啡的妇女患心脏病的可能性比不喝咖 啡的妇女高。
*This is the scientist whose name is known all over the country. ＝This is the scientist the name of whom is known all over the country. 这就是那位全国知名的科学家。
【语法精点】 一、基础点拨 (一)作用
限制性定语从句为先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语从句， 若去掉，被修饰的主句的内容就不完整或失去意义。这种从 句和主句的关系十分密切，不可用逗号分开。
*They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那个人的车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。（此处whose用 来修饰其后面的名词car，其先行词是the man，相当于the man’s car）
c. 当先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰，以 及先行词被序数词和形容词最高级同时修饰时。
*Guilin is the most beautiful city that I have ever visited. 桂林是我见过的最美丽的城市。 d. 当先行词被the only, the very, the same, the right等修饰时。
【名师点津】像listen to，look at，depend on，pay attention to，take care of等固定动词短语，在定语从句中一般不宜将 介词与动词分开。
*This is the person who/whom/that you are looking for. 这就是你在找的那个人。
*Can you give me something that has no sugar inside? 能不能给我点儿里面没有糖的东西？（此处先行词是 something，因此引导词必须用that） b. 当先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时。
*This is the first two-storey bus that runs in our city. 这是第一辆运行于我们城市的双层公交车。
思路分析：选B。考查定语从句。句意：幸福与成功通常降临
于那些擅长于认识到自己的长处的人。who在句中引导定语
从句，且在从句中作主语, 符合题目结构。whom引导定语从
句也修饰人，但是在从句中作宾语或用于介词+whom结构中。
4. (2012·重 庆 高 考 )Sales director is a position _______ communication ability is just as important as sales skills. A. which B. that C. when D. where 解题关键：分析关系词在从句中所作的成分。 思路分析：选D。句意：销售经理是一个这样的职位，在此职 位上其交际能力与销售技能同等重要。 “position” 为先行词， 后面是其定语从句，关系词在从句中作地点状语，因此，应 该使用关系副词 “where” 来引导定语从句。
*This is the thief (that) we have been looking for recently. 这就是我们近日一直在找的小偷。(此处先行词是the thief, 引 导词that在从句中作宾语，可以省略)
②在限制性定语从句中，关系代词指物时，只能用that， 而不能用which的情况 a. 当先行词是all, a lot, (a) little, (a) few, much, none, anything, something, everything, nothing等词时。
*I can never forget the day when I first saw you. 我永远不会忘记第一次见到你的那天。（此句中先行词是the day，在后面的定语从句中充当时间状语，相当于on the day， 故用引导词when） (2)where指地点，在从句中作地点状语。它的先行词通常有 place, spot, street, house, room, city, town, country及一些抽象 意 义 的 名 词 ， 如 point, stage, case, position, condition, situation。
*He is the very man that helped the girl out of the water. 他就是那个把女孩从水中救出来的人。 e. 当先行词中既有人又有物时，关系代词用that。 *Can you tell me the people and events that you saw in Britain? 你能告诉我你在英国见到的人和事吗？（此句中先行词是the people and events，既包含人又包含物，因此引导词用that， 又因为that在从句中作saw的宾语，因此可以省略）
还记得你加入我们俱乐部的那一天吗？ *This is the house in which I lived two years ago. 这是我两年前住过的房子。 *In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person to whom she could turn for help. 在漆黑的大街上没有一个人能为她提供帮助。
3. （2013·湖南高考）Happiness and success often come to
those _______ are good at recognizing their own strengt D. which
解题关键：找准先行词those，判断关系词在从句中作主语。
高中英语课件
（madeofdingshangtuwen）
Module 5 Great People and Great Inventions of Ancient China Grammar 限制性定语从句
【探究寻规】 用关系词（which/who/where/whose/when）完成下列句子， 并观察在下列句子中所作的成分。 1. Nie Haisheng is an astronaut _w_h_o_ has entered space twice in China. ( 主语 ) 2. He came from a family _w_h__ic_h_ was very poor. ( 主语 ) 3. Confucius is the philosopher _w_h_o_s_e_ influence has been the greatest. ( 定语 )
【高考体验】 限制性定语从句解题技巧： 1. 分清主从句，找出定语从句; 2. 明确先行词和定语从句中所缺成分; 3. 明确使用关系代词或副词; 4. 确定关系词。
1. （2013·北 京高 考 ） Many countries are now setting up national parks _______ animals and plants can be protected. A. when B. which C. whose D. where 解题关键：找准先行词national parks，判断关系词在从句中 作状语。 思路分析：选D。考查定语从句。句意：现在很多国家都在建 国 家 公 园 ， 在 那 里 动 植 物 能 得 到 保 护 。 先 行 词 为 national parks，在从句中作地点状语故选用关系副词where。
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外研英语必修3Module5grammar(共28张PPT)
people will buy one as a gift for their friends who go to the city for the first time.
Farmers’prints used for religious purposes are often found in temples.
decoration and for religious purposes . Prints used for decoration can be seen in offices ,schools and even in hospitals. They are
also used as presents. (6) The local people will buy one as a gift for their friends who go to
A friend is someone whom you want to share happiness and sorrow Iw’itdh.like to share a traditional art whi in China with you.
The Farmers’ Prints(农民版画)
Attributive Clause (ǀ)
(antecedent,relative pronouns )
What is a friend
Someone who listens Someone who tells you the truth about yourself and you listen and appreciate it Someone who you would break all appointments to be with Someone who arrives unexpectedly as you are going out and you want with all your heart to take them with you Someone whom you don’t want to leave no matter how much time you have spent with them.
外研英语必修3Module5grammar共24张
3.whose 是代词的所有格形式 , 它既可以
代人也可以代物。
I saw a woman . Her bag was stolen . I saw a woman whose bag was stolen.
Please show me the book .
Its cover is red. Please show me the book whose cover is red.
The apple which is red is small
The apple which is green is big.
Can you find the pen?
I wrote with it just now.
Can you find the pen (which) I wrote with just now?
A.whom
B.that
C.who
D.whose
8.The dictionary___A__he paid 50 yuan for is very useful.
A.which B.for which
C.on which D.about which
9The boy___A__parents died two years ago lives with his grandpa now.
of the attributive clause; 2.Make up sentences by using the attributive clause.
定语 可以由形容词、代词、数词、名词、 分词、
不定式、介词短语等来担任，修饰 名词。
(以分词、介词短语为例） 例： The girl behind the tree is Kate.
外研英语必修3Module5Grammar共31张
先行词是 everything, nothing, anything, something,
much, little, none 等不定代词或被any, some, no,
much, few, little, every, all, very, only, last
修饰时,引
导定语从句用 that 。
with you.
?This is the shop w__h_e_r_e I bought the book. ?Please give me the reason _w__h_y you
made such a great success.
?1.找出定语从句中是否主语和宾语都 齐全。如 齐全用关系副词 。用什么关
? 1.that 指物时一般可以与 which互换，但在下列情况引导
词只用 that, 不用 which.
1. Nothing that can be done hasn't been done.
2. Do you have anything that you don't understand?
3. I've read all the books that you lent me.
everything __th__a_t___ he saw on the way
to Beijing.
?.They talked for about an hour of things
and persons _t_h_a_t_____ they
remembered in the school.
只用which 的情况
is very useful.
?Grammar is not a dead rule, which/ a_s___I
外研英语必修3Module5 Grammar (共17张PPT)
5. Is that the inventor to whom you were talking?
Keys : 1 — 5: CDABA 6 —10： CCDDD 11—15： CCDBC 16—18：CCC
1、只要有坚强的意志力，就自然而然地会有能耐、机灵和知识。2、你们应该培养对自己，对自己的力量的信心，百这种信心是靠克服障碍，培养意志和锻炼意志而获得的。 3、坚强的信念能赢得强者的心，并使他们变得更坚强。4、天行健，君子以自强不息。5、有百折不挠的信念的所支持的人的意志，比那些似乎是无敌的物质力量有更强大 的威力。6、永远没有人力可以击退一个坚决强毅的希望。7、意大利有一句谚语：对一个歌手的要求，首先是嗓子、嗓子和嗓子……我现在按照这一公式拙劣地摹仿为：对 一个要成为不负于高尔基所声称的那种“人”的要求，首先是意志、意志和意志。8、执着追求并从中得到最大快乐的人，才是成功者。9、三军可夺帅也，匹夫不可夺志也。 10、发现者，尤其是一个初出茅庐的年轻发现者，需要勇气才能无视他人的冷漠和怀疑，才能坚持自己发现的意志，并把研究继续下去。11、我的本质不是我的意志的结果， 相反，我的意志是我的本质的结果，因为我先有存在，后有意志，存在可以没有意志，但是没有存在就没有意志。12、公共的利益，人类的福利，可以使可憎的工作变为可 贵，只有开明人士才能知道克服困难所需要的热忱。13、立志用功如种树然，方其根芽，犹未有干；及其有干，尚未有枝；枝而后叶，叶而后花。14、意志的出现不是对愿 望的否定，而是把愿望合并和提升到一个更高的意识水平上。15、无论是美女的歌声，还是鬓狗的狂吠，无论是鳄鱼的眼泪，还是恶狼的嚎叫，都不会使我动摇。16、即使 遇到了不幸的灾难，已经开始了的事情决不放弃。17、最可怕的敌人，就是没有坚强的信念。18、既然我已经踏上这条道路，那么，任何东西都不应妨碍我沿着这条路走下 去。19、意志若是屈从，不论程度如何，它都帮助了暴力。20、有了坚定的意志，就等于给双脚添了一对翅膀。21、意志坚强，就会战胜恶运。22、只有刚强的人，才有神 圣的意志，凡是战斗的人，才能取得胜利。23、卓越的人的一大优点是：在不利和艰难的遭遇里百折不挠。24、疼痛的强度，同自然赋于人类的意志和刚度成正比。25、能 够岿然不动，坚持正见，度过难关的人是不多的。26、钢是在烈火和急剧冷却里锻炼出来的，所以才能坚硬和什么也不怕。我们的一代也是这样的在斗争中和可怕的考验中 锻炼出来的，学习了不在生活面前屈服。27、只要持续地努力，不懈地奋斗，就没有征服不了的东西。28、立志不坚，终不济事。29、功崇惟志，业广惟勤。30、一个崇高 的目标，只要不渝地追求，就会居为壮举；在它纯洁的目光里，一切美德必将胜利。31、书不记，熟读可记；义不精，细思可精；惟有志不立，直是无着力处。32、您得相 信，有志者事竟成。古人告诫说：“天国是努力进入的”。只有当勉为其难地一步步向它走去的时候，才必须勉为其难地一步步走下去，才必须勉为其难地去达到它。33、 告诉你使我达到目标的奥秘吧，我唯一的力量就是我的坚持精神。34、成大事不在于力量的大小，而在于能坚持多久。35、一个人所能做的就是做出好榜样，要有勇气在风 言风语的社会中坚定地高举伦理的信念。36、即使在把眼睛盯着大地的时候，那超群的目光仍然保持着凝视太阳的能力。37、你既然期望辉煌伟大的一生，那么就应该从今 天起，以毫不动摇的决心和坚定不移的信念，凭自己的智慧和毅力，去创造你和人类的快乐。38、一个有决心的人，将会找到他的道路。39、在希望与失望的决斗中，如果 你用勇气与坚决的双手紧握着，胜利必属于希望。40、富贵不能淫，贫贱不能移，威武不能屈。41、生活的道路一旦选定，就要勇敢地走到底，决不回头。42、生命里最重 要的事情是要有个远大的目标，并借助才能与坚持来完成它。43、事业常成于坚忍，毁于急躁。我在沙漠中曾亲眼看见，匆忙的旅人落在从容的后边；疾驰的骏马落在后头， 缓步的骆驼继续向前。44、有志者事竟成。45、穷且益坚，不坠青云之志。46、意志目标不在自然中存在，而在生命中蕴藏。47、坚持意志伟大的事业需要始终不渝的精神。 48、思想的形成，首先是意志的形成。49、谁有历经千辛万苦的意志，谁就能达到任何目的。50、不作什么决定的意志不是现实的意志；无性格的人从来不做出决定。我终 生的等待，换不来你刹那的凝眸。最美的不是下雨天，是曾与你躲过雨的屋檐。征服畏惧、建立自信的最快最确实的方法，就是去做你害怕的事，直到你获得成功的经验。 真正的爱，应该超越生命的长度、心灵的宽度、灵魂的深度。生活真象这杯浓酒，不经三番五次的提炼呵，就不会这样可口！人格的完善是本，财富的确立是末能力可以慢 慢锻炼，经验可以慢慢积累，热情不可以没有。不管什么东西，总是觉得，别人的比自己的好！只有经历过地狱般的折磨，才有征服天堂的力量。只有流过血的手指才能弹 出世间的绝唱。对时间的价值没有没有深切认识的人，决不会坚韧勤勉。第一个青春是上帝给的；第二个的青春是靠自己努力的。不要因为寂寞而恋爱，孤独是为了幸福而 等待。每天清晨，当我睁开眼睛，我告诉自己：我今天快乐或是不快乐，并非由我所遭遇的事情造成的，而应该取决于我自己。我可以自己选择事情的发展方向。昨日已逝，
外研版高中英语必修三Module 5 Grammar
4. Mozi was a man _w_h_o_s_e behavior was often unusual.
5. Mozi was a teacher _w_h_o_s_e principles were different from those of Confucius.
6. ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้t was a time w__h_e_nphilosophers could have positions in governments.
3. as的用法
The earth is round, _a_s we all know. _A_s_ is known to all, the earth is round. _I_t is known to all that the earth is round. 定语从句在句首时只能用as, as 具有正 如之意，与之搭配的动词一般是固定 的。
注意避免重复
1. that与which
1. Nothing _th__a_t can be done has been done.
2. Do you have anything _th_a_t_ you don’t understand?
先行词是everything, nothing, anything, something, much, little, none等不定代 词, 引导定语从句用that。
Clause 非限制性定语从句
引导定语从句的关系词
指代人 who, whom, that 关
指代事物 which, that
系
所属关系 whose, of which
代 词
指地点 where 关
指时间 when 系
5. Mozi was a teacher _w_h_o_s_e principles were different from those of Confucius.
6. ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้t was a time w__h_e_nphilosophers could have positions in governments.
3. as的用法
The earth is round, _a_s we all know. _A_s_ is known to all, the earth is round. _I_t is known to all that the earth is round. 定语从句在句首时只能用as, as 具有正 如之意，与之搭配的动词一般是固定 的。
注意避免重复
1. that与which
1. Nothing _th__a_t can be done has been done.
2. Do you have anything _th_a_t_ you don’t understand?
先行词是everything, nothing, anything, something, much, little, none等不定代 词, 引导定语从句用that。
Clause 非限制性定语从句
引导定语从句的关系词
指代人 who, whom, that 关
指代事物 which, that
系
所属关系 whose, of which
代 词
指地点 where 关
指时间 when 系
外研版必修三module5Grammar
限定性定语从句是句中 不可缺少的组成部分， 使先行词区别于同类其 他事物；主句和从句之
间不用逗号隔开
非限定性定语从句是对
主句先行词的补充说明，
没有这种从句不影响主
句意思完整.一般用逗号
把主句和从句分开
引导词：关系代词和
关系副词，作宾语时 一些关系代词可以省 略
引导词：as, who, whom,
whose, which, of which, when, where等，不用
4．which 指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾 语，做宾语时常可省略。
1. Football is a game which is liked by most boys.
2. He likes to read books which are written by foreign writers.
3. This is the pen ( which ) he bought yesterday.
3. whose 在定语从句中作定语，与后面的 名词为所属关系。 whose多指人，也可指 物，指物时可与 of which互换使用。
1. He has a friend whose father is a doctor. 2. Do you like the book whose cover is
Do you know the girl whose hair is very short in our class?
He is the student. I broke his pencil yesterday.
He is the student whose pencil I broke yesterday.
The boys who are playing football are from Class One. The man who I saw is called Tom. 2. whom指人,作宾语 (作宾语可省略,如介 词提前则不能省) The man (whom/who) I talked to is Mr. Li. The man to whom I talked is Mr. Li.
外研英语必修3Module5Grammar (共25张PPT)
The attributive clauses:
1. Love is one big illusion I should try to forget, but there is something left in my head 2. You’re the one who set it up now you’re the one to make it stop 3. I’m the one who’s feeling lost right now
He is not nearly as rich or famous Marc Andreessen, who was cofounder of Netscape, or Bill Gates, whose name has become a household word.
Whose is the possessive relative pronoun. It is generally used both for animals and things, but unusual except in very formal English.
4. His parents, who helped design the world’s first commercially available computer, gave him a great love of mathematics and learning
Who always refers to persons. It is used as the subject or the object of the clause .
In 1991, his project became known as the World Wide Web. The number of Internet users started to grow quickly. However, Berners-Lee is not completely happy with the way the Web has developed. He thinks it has become a passive tool for so many people, not the tool for creativity that he had imagined. In 1999, Berners-Lee published a book which is called Weaving the Web, in which he answers questions he is often asked: “What were you thinking when you invented the Web?” “What do you think of it now?”
外研版必修三module 5 grammar (共24张PPT)
• 如： • All that can be done has been done. 所有能 做的都做好了。 • There is little that I can do for you. 我不能为 你干什么。 • The book contains none that interests me. 这 本书没什么让我感兴趣的东西。
• 3)which, that • 它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句 中可作主语、宾语等，例如: • A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. • 农村出现了前所未 有的繁荣。(which / that在从句中 作主语) • The package which / that you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. • 你拿的包快散了。(which / that 在从句中作宾语)
• ② 当先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰 时。如： • The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben. • 在伦敦他们参观的第一个地方是大本钟。 • This is the most interesting book that I have ever read. • 这是我读过的最好的书。
module5 Grammar 定语从句
Step1: 由关系代词及关系副词 引导的定语从句
• (1) 如何确定关系词 • 方法一：准确判断关系词在定语从句中的成 分，关系词作主语、宾语，用关系代词；关 系词作状语，用关系副词；关系词作定语则 用whose, 或which。
外研英语必修3Module5grammar(共27张PPT)
24
关系代词的基本用法
关系代词 who whom which that
whose
指代的先行词 充当从句的成分
人
主语、宾语人宾语物 Nhomakorabea主语、宾语
人或物
主语、宾语
人或物
定语
Homework
• Do Exercise2.3.4 of page44
• Learn the important grammar points by heart.
• Suggested answers: • 1）Ancient Chins was a place where states were often at war with each other • 2）But it was also a time when there were many great philosophers.
5 • whose指人或物，在定语从句中作
定语，不可省略。
• Eg: (1)The girl whose parents are dead
is called Candy. (作定语)
• (2) The book whose cover is green is very interesting. (作定语)
• Suggested answers:
• 3）Confucius is the philosopher whose influence has been the greatest.
• 4）Mozi was another teacher who was very influential.
• 5) He came from a family which was very poor.
指代人：who, whom, that • 指代事物： which，that • 所属关系：whose • 指地点：where • 指时间: when • 指原因：why
关系代词的基本用法
关系代词 who whom which that
whose
指代的先行词 充当从句的成分
人
主语、宾语人宾语物 Nhomakorabea主语、宾语
人或物
主语、宾语
人或物
定语
Homework
• Do Exercise2.3.4 of page44
• Learn the important grammar points by heart.
• Suggested answers: • 1）Ancient Chins was a place where states were often at war with each other • 2）But it was also a time when there were many great philosophers.
5 • whose指人或物，在定语从句中作
定语，不可省略。
• Eg: (1)The girl whose parents are dead
is called Candy. (作定语)
• (2) The book whose cover is green is very interesting. (作定语)
• Suggested answers:
• 3）Confucius is the philosopher whose influence has been the greatest.
• 4）Mozi was another teacher who was very influential.
• 5) He came from a family which was very poor.
指代人：who, whom, that • 指代事物： which，that • 所属关系：whose • 指地点：where • 指时间: when • 指原因：why
外研必修三_Module5--grammar
5. 以下情况只能用which引导定语从句: 1.介词后面 2.逗号后面
• There are many trees under which they can have a rest. • This is the ring on which she spent 1000 dollars. • Football, which is a very popular game, is played all over the world.
2. that 和 which 都可以指物，但下列情 况只用that, 不用which
① 先行词是everything, nothing, anything, something, much, little, none等不定代词或 由不定代词any, some, no, much, few, little, every, all等修饰时, 引导定语从句用that不 用 which。 • Do you have anything that you don’t understand? • I’ve read all the books that you lend me. • Please send us any information that you have about the subject.
④ 先行词被the very, the only,the last等修饰 且指物时,引导定语从句用that。 • This is the very book that belongs to him. • He is the only person that was present at the time. ⑤ 当先行词前面有who/which等疑问代词时， 只用that。 • Who is the girl that drove the car?