国家概况简答题

1. Describe your understanding of “the American Dream”.The American Dream is a national ethos of the United States. The term “American dream” is used in many ways, but it essentially is an idea that suggests that anyone in the US can succeed through hard work and has the potential to lead a happy, successful life. Many people have expanded upon or refined the definition to include things such as freedom, fulfillment and meaningful relationships. Someone who manages to achieve his or her version of the Ame rican dream is often said to be “living the dream.”The idea of the American Dream is rooted in the United States Declaration of Independence which proclaims that “all men are created equal” and that they are "endowed by their Creator with certain inalienable Rights" including "Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness."The idea of an American dream is older than the US, dating to the 1600s, when people began to have all sorts of hopes and aspirations for what was a new and largely unexplored continent to European immigrants. During the Great Depression of the 1930s, authors often wrote about the idealistic American dream. The meaning of the "American Dream" has changed over the course of history.Today, the ethos implies an opportunity for Americans to achieve prosperity through hard work. According to The Dream, this includes the opportunity for one's children to grow up and receive a good education and career without artificial barriers. It is the opportunity to make individual choices without the prior restrictions that limited people according to their class, caste, religion, race, or ethnicity.2.Explain the idea of “Melting Pot’’ and whether you believe it has succeeded.The melting pot is a metaphor for a heterogeneous society becoming more homogeneous, the different elements "melting together" into a harmonious whole with a common culture. Many immigration come to the USA . Immigration with different cultural and ethnical backgrounds came into the same place struggling for a better life. Th ey need “Melting Pot ” which can help them.There are two good reasons for this. First, the country was settled, built, and developed by generations of immigrants and their children. Secondly, even today the U.S. continues to take in more immigrants than any other country in the world. It is not surprising, therefore, that the United States is counted among the most heterogeneous societies in the world. Many different cultural traditions, ethnic customs, national origins, racial groups, and religious affilia tions make up “the new men” called Americans.To a certain extent, or success. But still not comprehensive, such as racial discrimination. There are now some thousands of black millionaires, not only athletes and entertainers, but also in business and other professions. Discrimination against blacks, both in admission to all public places and in employment, is now illegal. While formal discriminations have decreased and old forms of segregations have been dismantled, subtle patterns of informaldiscrimination in housing, employment, education and virtually every social sphere still persists.3.Discuss how/ why Martin Luther King's famous speech is relevant in American life today.August 28, 1963，"I have a dream" is Martin Luther King Jr. Lincoln memorial in Washington's famous speech.The main content of black national equality. It had a great influence on the United States and even the world. In the 1950 s, when Martin Luther King took over the leadership of the black civil rights movement, most blacks are still in a state of poverty and low education.There is resistance in each progress. Under the leadership of Martin Luther King made remarkable progress.For example, before the election act (1965) promulgated, fewer than two hundred blacks in the United States hold public office.The number of people is 1469 in 1970.The number of people is 4192 in 1980. This accounts for only 1.3% of the 490000 elected officials.The existing 289 black mayor, 28 women manages more than fifty thousand people in the city.And poor black families fell from 55% in 1959 to about 31% in 1987. Martin Luther King Jr. led nonviolent resistance movement, not only won the Montgomery city bus, the abolition of apartheid, and won the national against Birmingham city black sport of the world's attention and sympathy;Not only successfully organized a march to Washington's big, and deeply moved, including the President Kennedy, all levels of the white man's heart;Not only contributed to the United States congress to pass the Civil Rights Act, officially ended in law of black Americans were discrimination status, and influence the British parliament passes against racial discrimination and gender discrimination, in the long term also contributed to the collapse of apartheid in South Africa.4.Explain “discrimination is more than just skin color ”Racial discrimination is a common phenomenon. An old children’s rhyme captures the definition in a nutshell.“If you’re black, stay back;if you’re brown, stick around;if you’re yellow, you’re mell ow;if you’re white, you’re all right.”In sum, colorism refers to discrimination based on skin color. Discrimination has covered in housing, employment, education and virtually every social sphere still persists. But on account of the deep-rooted racial discrimination, other skin people to get the same recognition, often have to pay much more efforts than whites, also faces the situation of professional glass ceiling, it is difficult to enter the top.5.What do you know about Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation?Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (abbreviated as BMGF) is the largest privatefoundation in the world, founded by Bill and Melinda Gates. It was launched in 2000 and is said to be the largest transparently operated private foundation in the world. The primary aims of the foundation are, globally, to enhance healthcare and reduce extreme poverty, and in America, to expand educational opportunities and access to information technology. The foundation, based in Seattle, Washington, is controlled by its three trustees: Bill Gates, Melinda Gates and Warren Buffett. Other principal officers include Co-Chair William H. Gates, Sr. And Chief Executive Officer Susan Desmond-Hellman. It had an endowment of US$44.3 billion as of 31 December 2014. The scale of the foundation and the way it seeks to apply business techniques to giving makes it one of the leaders in venture philanthropy, though the foundation itself notes that the philanthropic role has limitations. In 2007, its founders were ranked as the second most generous philanthropists in America, and Warren Buffett the first. As of May 16, 2013, Bill Gates had donated US$28 billion to the foundation.The gates foundation only accept personal donations.Do not accept donations from the organization, including company donations, donations incentive plans, nonprofit organizations, foundations, charitable fund-raising organizations, or government entity. The gates foundation does not allow a third party for the gates foundation, or in the name of the gates foundation fund-raising.。